JP5858395B2 - 金属化合物ナノ粒子とカーボンの複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
金属化合物ナノ粒子とカーボンの複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5858395B2 JP5858395B2 JP2010250185A JP2010250185A JP5858395B2 JP 5858395 B2 JP5858395 B2 JP 5858395B2 JP 2010250185 A JP2010250185 A JP 2010250185A JP 2010250185 A JP2010250185 A JP 2010250185A JP 5858395 B2 JP5858395 B2 JP 5858395B2
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- carbon
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- metal compound
- nanoparticles
- compound nanoparticles
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 73
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims description 62
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 28
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002683 reaction inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 41
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 10
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- -1 titanium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000010303 mechanochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011852 carbon nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GOKIPOOTKLLKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;iron Chemical compound [Fe].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O GOKIPOOTKLLKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JYLNVJYYQQXNEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(CN)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JYLNVJYYQQXNEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016816 Pisum sativum subsp sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002116 nanohorn Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005199 ultracentrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/42—Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/005—Alkali titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/005—Electrodes
- H01G4/008—Selection of materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Description
本発明で用いる反応方法は、本出願人等が先に特許出願した特許文献1及び特許文献2に示した方法と同様のメカノケミカル反応であって、化学反応の過程で、旋回する反応器内で反応物にずり応力と遠心力を加えて化学反応を促進させるものである。
本発明に係る金属化合物ナノ粒子を生成するための金属化合物としては、例えば、酸化マンガン、リン酸鉄リチウム、チタン酸リチウムが使用できる。また、その他の酸化物として、MxOz、AxMyOz、AxMy(PO4)z(ただし、M:金属元素 A:アルカリ金属又はランタノイド元素)で表される金属化合物の使用も可能である。
反応過程で所定のカーボンを加えることによって、5〜100nmのチタン酸リチウムを高分散担持させたカーボンを得ることができる。すなわち、反応器の内筒の内部に金属塩と所定の反応抑制剤とカーボンを投入して、内筒を旋回して金属塩と反応抑制剤とカーボンを混合、分散する。さらに内筒を旋回させながら水酸化ナトリウムなどの触媒を投入して加水分解、縮合反応を進行させ、金属化合物を生成すると共に、この金属化合物とカーボンを分散状態で、混合する。反応終了後にこれを急速加熱することで、金属化合物ナノ粒子を高分散担持させたカーボンを形成することができる。
溶媒としては、アルコール類、水、これらの混合溶媒を用いることができる。例えば、酢酸と酢酸リチウムをイソプロパノールと水の混合物に溶解した混合溶媒を使用することができる。
出発原料として金属アルコキシドを使用した場合には、特許文献2に記載のように、前記メカノケミカル反応を適用する所定の金属アルコキシドに、反応抑制剤として該金属アルコキシドと錯体を形成する所定の化合物を添加することができる。これにより、化学反応が促進しすぎるのを抑制することができる。
本発明は、メカノケミカル反応によりカーボンナノ粒子の構造体の内部に金属化合物ナノ粒子の前駆体を担持させた複合体を得ると共に、この金属化合物とカーボンの複合体を窒素雰囲気中で加熱することによって、金属化合物の結晶化を促進させ、この複合体を使用した電極や電気化学素子の容量、出力特性を向上させるものである。
本発明により得られた金属化合物ナノ粒子とカーボンの複合体は、バインダーと混錬、成型し、電気化学素子の電極、すなわち電気エネルギー貯蔵用電極とすることができ、その電極は高出力特性、高容量特性を示す。
この電極を用いることができる電気化学素子は、リチウムやマグネシウムなどの金属イオンを含有する電解液を用いる電気化学キャパシタ、電池である。すなわち、本発明の電極は、金属イオンの吸蔵、脱着を行うことができ、負極や正極として作動する。したがって、金属イオンを含有する電解液を用い、対極として活性炭、金属イオンが吸蔵、脱着するカーボンや金属酸化物等を用いることによって、電気化学キャパシタ、電池を構成することができる。
酢酸マンガン1モル、エタノール、水の混合溶液を作製した。この混合溶液とケッチェンブラック(KB)を旋回反応器内に投入し、66,000N(kgms-2)の遠心力で5分間、内筒を旋回して外筒の内壁に反応物の薄膜を形成すると共に、反応物にずり応力と遠心力を加えて化学反応を促進させ、酸化マンガンの前駆体を高分散担持したKBを得た。
酢酸鉄1モルに対して、リン酸1.0モル、酢酸リチウム1モルの水溶液を作製した。ここで反応抑制剤としてクエン酸を用いた。この溶液とカーボンナノファイバー(CNF)を旋回反応器内に投入し、66,000N(kgms-2)の遠心力で5分間、内筒を旋回して外筒の内壁に反応物の薄膜を形成すると共に、反応物にずり応力と遠心力を加えて化学反応を促進させ、オリビン型リン酸鉄リチウムの前駆体を高分散担持したCNFを得た。この場合、混合溶媒に溶解する酢酸鉄、リン酸、酢酸リチウムとCNFの量は、得られる複合体の組成が、リン酸鉄リチウム/CNFが、50/50の質量比(w/w)となるように設定した。
リン酸鉄リチウム/CNFが、60/40の質量比(w/w)となるように設定する以外は、実施例2−1と同様にしてセルを作製した。このセルの容量は71mAh/gであった。また、図12にこの複合体粉末の高解像度TEM像を示す。この図から分かるように、2〜5原子層レベルで1nm以下の厚みを有し、径が5〜100nmの平板上のリン酸鉄リチウム結晶構造体がCNFに担持していることが分かる。
カーボンとしてケッチェンブラックを用いた以外は、実施例2−1と同様にしてセルを作製した。このセルの容量は108mAh/gであった。また、図13にこの複合体粉末の高解像度TEM像を示す。この図から分かるように、2〜5原子層レベルで1nm以下の厚みを有し、径が5〜20nmの平板上のリン酸鉄リチウム結晶構造体がケッチェンブラックに内包されていることが分かる。図25は、この実施例2−3の複合体粉末の高解像度TEM像とその模式図を示すものである。この実施例2−3では、ホオヅキのように中空で球状のカーボンの中にリン酸鉄リチウムナノ粒子が1粒ずつ入っているような構造になっている。
リン酸鉄リチウム/ケッチェンブラックが、60/40の質量比(w/w)となるように設定する以外は、実施例2−3と同様にしてセルを作製した。このセルの容量は102mAh/gであった。
カーボンとしてキャボット社製、BP2000を用いた以外は、実施例2−1と同様にしてセルを作製した。このセルの容量は88mAh/gであった。また、図14にこの複合体粉末の高解像度TEM像を示す。この図から分かるように、2〜5原子層レベルで1nm以下の厚みを有し、径が5〜100nmの平板上のリン酸鉄リチウム結晶構造体がBP2000に担持していることが分かる。
リン酸鉄リチウム/BP2000が、60/40の質量比(w/w)となるように設定する以外は、実施例2−3と同様にしてセルを作製した。このセルの容量は96mAh/gであった。
チタンアルコキシド1モルに対して、酢酸1.8モル、酢酸リチウム1モルとなる量の酢酸と酢酸リチウムをイソプロパノールと水の混合物に溶解して混合溶媒を作製した。この混合溶媒とチタンアルコキシド、カーボンナノファイバー(CNF)を旋回反応器内に投入し、66,000N(kgms-2)の遠心力で5分間、内筒を旋回して外筒の内壁に反応物の薄膜を形成すると共に、反応物にずり応力と遠心力を加えて化学反応を促進させ、チタン酸リチウムの前駆体を高分散担持したCNFを得た。この場合、混合溶媒に溶解するチタンアルコキシドとCNFの量は、得られる複合体の組成が、チタン酸リチウム/CNFが、70/30の質量比(w/w)となるように設定した。
実施例2−1で作製した作用電極を正極とし、実施例3で作製した作用電極を負極とし、電解液として、1.0M 六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)/炭酸エチレン(EC):炭酸ジメチル(DMC)(1:1 w/w)を用いて、電気化学素子を作製した。この電気化学素子について、エネルギー密度とパワー密度を測定した結果を図19に示す。
Li4Ti5O12/CNF複合体の合成には、チタン源にTi(OC4H9)4を、リチウム源にCH3COOLiを用いた。これらの原料を、Li4Ti5O12/CNF全体に対して10〜40wt%のCNFや有機溶媒などと共に超遠心力処理(UC処理)を行い、前駆体を得た。その後、高温短時間焼成を行うことにより高結晶性ナノ粒子Li4Ti5O12/CNF複合体を得た。本複合体を、PVDFを用いて電極化し、対極にLi金属、電解液に1M LiBF4/EC+DMC 1:1(in volume)を用いたハーフセルにより、電気化学特性を評価した。充放電試験の結果、出力特性はLi4Ti5O12の重量比に依存することがわかった。また、図22から分かるように、高出力特性の要求される600Cにおいても10C容量の81%(87mAh/g)を、さらに1200Cにおいても68%(72mAh/g)の容量を維持した。
Claims (3)
- 酸化マンガン、リン酸鉄リチウム、チタン酸リチウムのいずれかからなる金属化合物ナノ粒子とカーボンの複合体の製造方法であって、
旋回する反応器内で前記金属化合物ナノ粒子の出発原料とカーボンとを含む溶液にずり応力と遠心力を加えて反応させ、前記金属化合物ナノ粒子の前駆体がカーボンに高分散担持された複合体粉末を、窒素雰囲気中で急速加熱処理することによって、前記金属化合物ナノ粒子の結晶化を進行させ、超薄膜構造体を有する前記金属化合物ナノ粒子をカーボンに高分散担持させ、
前記カーボンを前記複合体全体に対して20〜50wt%含有させること、
を特徴とする金属化合物ナノ粒子とカーボンの複合体の製造方法。 - 前記急速加熱処理が、前記複合体粉末を窒素雰囲気中で、400〜1000℃に加熱し、金属化合物ナノ粒子の酸素欠陥のサイトに窒素をドープしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属化合物ナノ粒子とカーボンの複合体の製造方法。
- 前記反応器内において、前記金属化合物ナノ粒子の出発原料とカーボンとを含む溶液と共に反応抑制剤を含む溶液にずり応力と遠心力を加えて反応させることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の金属化合物ナノ粒子とカーボンの複合体の製造方法。
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2010250185A JP5858395B2 (ja) | 2010-03-31 | 2010-11-08 | 金属化合物ナノ粒子とカーボンの複合体の製造方法 |
KR1020127028419A KR101846587B1 (ko) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | 금속 산화물 나노 입자와 카본의 복합체, 그의 제조 방법, 이 복합체를 이용한 전극 및 전기 화학 소자 |
US13/638,542 US9287553B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Composite of metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon, method of production thereof, electrode and electrochemical element employing said composite |
PCT/JP2011/001966 WO2011122047A1 (ja) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | 金属酸化物ナノ粒子とカーボンの複合体、その製造方法、この複合体を用いた電極及び電気化学素子 |
CN201180016017.0A CN102844913B (zh) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | 金属氧化物纳米粒子和碳的复合体、其制造方法、使用有该复合体的电极及电化学元件 |
EP11762289.4A EP2555285B1 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Composite of metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon, method for producing said composite, electrode using said composite, and electrochemical element |
US15/052,726 US10109431B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2016-02-24 | Composite of metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon, method of production thereof, electrode and electrochemical element employing said composite |
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JP5836620B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2015-12-24 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | マンガン酸化物とカーボン粉末の複合体の製造方法 |
JP6040489B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-29 | 2016-12-07 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | シート状複合体、その製造方法、このシート状複合体を用いた電極及び電気化学素子 |
CN103975468B (zh) * | 2011-11-15 | 2017-10-17 | 电化株式会社 | 复合粒子及其制造方法、二次电池用电极材料及二次电池 |
JP5124691B1 (ja) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-01-23 | 有限会社 ナプラ | 導電性微粉末、導電性ペースト及び電子部品 |
JP5921930B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2016-05-24 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 二次電池用電極材料の製造方法 |
JP6119123B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-15 | 2017-04-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 活物質材料、電池、および活物質材料の製造方法 |
JP6178554B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-03 | 2017-08-09 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 金属酸化物と導電性カーボンとの複合材料の製造方法 |
JP6253876B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2017-12-27 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 電極材料の製造方法 |
JPWO2014069541A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-30 | 2016-09-08 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 金属二次電池用負極材料および金属二次電池用負極のデンドライトの抑制方法 |
DE102012112909A1 (de) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Mit einem Faraday'schen Speichermaterial beschichtete Partikel mit großer Oberfläche, Hybridelektroden, die diese Partikel enthalten und Verwendung der Hybridelektroden in hochkapazitiven Doppelschichtkondensatoren und schnellen Batterien |
JP6253884B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2017-12-27 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 電極層、該電極層を備えた蓄電デバイス及び電極層の製造方法 |
US9129756B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2015-09-08 | Corning Incorporated | Composite electrode for lithium ion capacitor |
JP6271865B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-24 | 2018-01-31 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスの電極材料の製造方法 |
CN105765773B (zh) * | 2013-10-17 | 2018-10-02 | 日本贵弥功株式会社 | 导电性碳、包含该碳的电极材料、使用该电极材料的电极和具备该电极的蓄电器件 |
WO2015056760A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-04-23 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 導電性カーボン、このカーボンを含む電極材料、この電極材料を用いた電極及びこの電極を備えた蓄電デバイス |
KR101785268B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-10 | 2017-10-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 전지 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조방법 |
JP6179923B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-10 | 2017-08-16 | 国立大学法人秋田大学 | カーボンナノチューブ複合体、カーボンナノチューブ分散液及びそれらの製造方法、カーボンナノチューブの分散方法、並びに、透明電極及びその製造方法 |
JP6363550B2 (ja) | 2014-12-16 | 2018-07-25 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 金属化合物粒子群の製造方法、金属化合物粒子群及び金属化合物粒子群を含む蓄電デバイス用電極 |
CN104638257A (zh) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-20 | 南京工业大学 | 纳米级氧化亚锰-导电炭黑复合材料及其合成方法 |
CN104616906A (zh) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-13 | 上海奥威科技开发有限公司 | 负极嵌镁离子超级电容器及其制备方法 |
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JP6304198B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-04 | 2018-04-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池および非水電解液二次電池の製造方法 |
JP6678012B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-10 | 2020-04-08 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 電極材料、電極材料の製造方法、電極、および蓄電デバイス |
CN106531985B (zh) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-07-24 | 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 | 一种碳纳米带包覆磷酸铁锂材料的制备方法 |
CN107170854B (zh) * | 2017-06-26 | 2018-09-25 | 苏州科技大学 | 太赫兹波探测器的制备方法 |
CN110550615B (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-12-15 | 王敏 | 一种高能量密度磷酸铁锂的制备方法 |
JP7460128B2 (ja) | 2020-03-31 | 2024-04-02 | ナノサミット株式会社 | 酸化マンガン-ナノカーボン複合粒子及びその分散液並びにそれらの製造方法 |
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CN114976062B (zh) * | 2020-10-15 | 2024-01-26 | 昆明理工大学 | 氮掺杂rGO负载MnO纳米颗粒催化剂的制备方法 |
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CN113247962B (zh) * | 2021-06-26 | 2021-10-29 | 深圳中科精研科技有限公司 | 电池正极材料及快速合成电池正极材料的方法 |
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US6528033B1 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2003-03-04 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Method of making lithium-containing materials |
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CN100344019C (zh) | 2004-06-16 | 2007-10-17 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 活性物质材料、其制造方法及含该材料的非水电解质二次电池 |
JP2007160151A (ja) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-28 | K & W Ltd | 反応方法及びこの方法で得られた金属酸化物ナノ粒子、またはこの金属酸化物ナノ粒子を担持したカーボン及びこのカーボンを含有する電極、並びにこれを用いた電気化学素子。 |
JP5180643B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-28 | 2013-04-10 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 反応方法及びこの方法で得られた金属酸化物ナノ粒子、またはこの金属酸化物ナノ粒子を担持したカーボン及びこのカーボンを含有する電極並びにこの電極を用いた電気化学素子 |
JP2008252002A (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | Nippon Chemicon Corp | 電気化学素子用電極 |
JP4336372B2 (ja) | 2007-04-27 | 2009-09-30 | Tdk株式会社 | 電極用複合粒子及びその製造方法、並びに、電気化学デバイス |
JP4492683B2 (ja) | 2007-11-23 | 2010-06-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電池システム |
JP2009302044A (ja) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-12-24 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 無機物粒子の製造方法、及びそれを用いた二次電池正極並びに二次電池 |
EP2494634A1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-09-05 | Uchicago Argonne, LLC, Operator Of Argonne National Laboratory | Autogenic pressure reactions for battery materials manufacture |
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EP2555285A4 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
KR20130012583A (ko) | 2013-02-04 |
WO2011122047A1 (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
CN102844913A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
US9287553B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
EP2555285B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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