JP5637674B2 - 光学素子および視覚表示のためのフォトポリマー組成物 - Google Patents
光学素子および視覚表示のためのフォトポリマー組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5637674B2 JP5637674B2 JP2009229370A JP2009229370A JP5637674B2 JP 5637674 B2 JP5637674 B2 JP 5637674B2 JP 2009229370 A JP2009229370 A JP 2009229370A JP 2009229370 A JP2009229370 A JP 2009229370A JP 5637674 B2 JP5637674 B2 JP 5637674B2
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/776—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur phosphorus
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Description
Rは、それぞれ互いに独立して、放射線硬化性基であり;そして
Xは、それぞれ互いに独立して、RとC=Oの間の単結合、あるいは、ヘテロ原子を含有することもあり、そして/または官能基によって置換されていることもある直鎖、分岐鎖または環式の炭化水素基である]。
本発明の別の態様は、Xがそれぞれ直鎖または分岐鎖のオキシアルキレンまたはポリオキシアルキレン基である上記ポリウレタン組成物である。
イソシアネート成分(b);
イソシアネート反応性成分(c);および
1つまたはそれ以上の光開始剤(d);
を含んでなる上記ポリウレタン組成物である。
本発明のさらに別の態様は、上記媒体をレーザービームによって暴露することを含んでなるホログラムの記録方法である。
また、本発明は、上記ポリウレタン組成物を基材または型中に適用し、そして硬化させる媒体の製造方法、該媒体それ自体および視覚ホログラムの記録方法に関する;
さらに、本発明は、以下の式(II)で示されるウレタンアクリレートに関する;
Rは、互いに独立して、それぞれ放射線硬化性基であり;そして
Xは、互いに独立してそれぞれ、RとC=Oの間の単結合、あるいは、ヘテロ原子を含有することもあり、そして/または官能基によって置換されていることもある直鎖、分岐鎖または環式の炭化水素基である]。
原則的に、R基の炭素結合した水素原子の1つまたはそれ以上を、C1〜C5アルキル基によって置換することもできるが、これは好ましくない。
好ましいポリオキシアルキレン基は、10個まで、特に好ましくは8個までの各オキシアルキレン基の反復単位を有する。
各X基中の反復単位は、完全にまたは部分的に、ブロックとしてまたはランダムに分布して存在することができる。
使用するトリイソシアネートは、トリフェニルメタン-4,4',4''-トリイソシアネート、トリス(p-イソシアナトフェニル)チオホスフェートまたはトリス(p-イソシアナトフェニル)ホスフェートである。
このような安定剤は、安定化する不飽和ウレタンを基準に、通常は0.001〜1重量%、好ましくは0.01〜0.5重量%の量で使用される。
好ましい態様において、溶媒を、反応後に蒸留によって除去する。
さらに好ましい態様において、プロセス溶媒を、反応後に蒸留によって別の溶媒と交換する。この目的のために、この別の溶媒を反応後に加え、プロセス溶媒を蒸留によって除去する。しかし、このような溶媒交換のための前提条件は、プロセス溶媒が別の溶媒よりも低い沸点を有することである。
この目的に好ましいポリオールは、1.5〜3.5、好ましくは1.8〜3.2、特に好ましくは1.9〜3.1の平均ヒドロキシル官能価を有する。
好ましくは500〜4000、特に好ましくは650〜2500g/モルの分子量を有する好ましいポリエステルアルコールは、例えば、アジピン酸とヘキサンジオール、ブタンジオールまたはネオペンチルグリコールあるいはこれらジオールの混合物との反応生成物である。
500〜13000g/モルの数平均分子量を有するポリエチレンおよび/またはポリプロピレングリコール、さらには、500〜8000、好ましくは650〜3000g/モルの数平均分子量を有するポリテトラヒドロフランを、例示の目的で挙げることができる。
また適するのは、ヒドロキシル末端ポリカーボネートであり、これは、ジオールまたはラクトン修飾したジオールまたはビスフェノール(例えばビスフェノールAなど)とホスゲンまたは炭酸ジエステル(例えば、ジフェニルカーボネートまたはジメチルカーボネート)とを反応させることによって得られる。
上記した溶媒交換のために、別の溶媒として特に適するポリオールは、上記した種類のポリエーテルポリオールおよびエステル基を含むポリオールである。
反応温度は、好ましくは40〜130℃、特に好ましくは50〜80℃である。温度は、外部加熱によって、および/または発生する反応熱の適切な利用によって調節する。
イソシアネート含量または所望によりヒドロキシル含量が、反応中の変換の尺度として特に適している。
イソシアネート成分(b);
イソシアネート反応性成分(c);および
1つまたはそれ以上の光開始剤(d)。
特に好ましくは、成分(b)のポリイソシアネートは、ダイマー化またはオリゴマー化した脂肪族および/または脂環式のジまたはトリイソシアネートである。
HDI、1,8-ジイソシアナト-4-(イソシアナトメチル)オクタンまたはこれらの混合物に基づくイソシアネート、ウレトジオンおよび/またはイミノオキサジアジンジオンが非常に特に好ましい。
本発明におけるイソシアネート反応性基とは、好ましくはヒドロキシル、アミノまたはチオ基であり、ヒドロキシ化合物が特に好ましい。
適する多官能イソシアネート反応性化合物は、例えば、ポリエステル-、ポリエーテル-、ポリカーボネート-、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート-および/またはポリウレタン-ポリオールである。
適する有機カーボネートは、ジメチル、ジエチルおよびジフェニルカーボネートである。
適する環式エーテルは、例えば、スチレンオキシド、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、ブチレンオキシド、エピクロロヒドリンおよびこれらの任意の所望の混合物である。
使用しうる開始剤は、ポリエステルポリオールに関連して挙げたOH官能価>2を有する多価アルコールおよび第一または第二アミンおよびアミノアルコールである。
適するさらに高官能のアルコールは、ジトリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリトリトール、ジペンタエリトリトールまたはソルビトールである。
水素ドナーの存在下および不存在下の両方で、フェニルジアゾニウム塩は、照射したときにカチオンを生成することができ、これが重合を開始する。系全体の効率は、ジアゾニウム化合物に対して使用する対イオンの性質によって決定される。ここで、それほど反応性が高くないが非常に高価なSbF6 -、AsF6 -、またはPF6 -が好ましい。薄いフィルムの被覆に使用するためには、これらの化合物は、一般に、暴露後に遊離する窒素によって表面品質が低下するので(ピンホール)、それほど適していない(Liら、Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering、2001、84、139)。
・成分(a)として、10〜94.999重量%の本発明に必須である式(I)〜(III)で示される不飽和ウレタン;
・5〜89.999重量%の成分(b)および(c)、または(b)と(c)との対応する反応生成物;
・0.001〜10重量%の光開始剤(d);
・0〜10重量%のフリーラジカル安定剤;
・0〜4重量%の触媒;
・0〜70重量%の助剤および添加剤。
・成分(a)として、15〜70重量%の本発明に必須である式(I)〜(III)で示される不飽和ウレタン;
・10〜84.899重量%の成分(b)および(c)、または(b)と(c)との対応する反応生成物;
・0.1〜7.5重量%の光開始剤(d);
・0.001〜1重量%のフリーラジカル安定剤;
・0〜3重量%の触媒;
・0〜50重量%の助剤および添加剤。
・成分(a)として、20〜50重量%の本発明に必須である式(I)〜(III)で示される不飽和ウレタン;
・25〜79.489重量%の成分(b)および(c)、または(b)と(c)との対応する反応生成物;
・0.5〜5重量%の光開始剤(d);
・0.01〜0.5重量%のフリーラジカル安定剤;
・0.001〜2重量%の触媒;
・0〜35重量%の助剤および添加剤。
本発明のポリウレタン組成物の成分(b)を混合した後に、透明な液体配合物が得られ、これは、組成に依存して、室温において数秒間〜数時間で硬化する。
本発明を具体化するある種の特定の構成を示しかつ説明したが、各部分の様々な修飾および再配列を、基礎となる本発明のコンセプトの思想および範囲から逸脱することなく為しうること、および本発明が本明細書中に示しかつ説明した特定の形態に限定されないことは、当業者には明らかであろう。
他に記すことがなければ、全ての%データは、重量%に基づく。
初めに、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール(0.1g)、ジブチルスズジラウレート(Desmorapid Z;Bayer MaterialScience AG、Leverkusen、独国)(0.05g)、および酢酸エチル中のトリス(p-イソシアナトフェニル)チオホスフェートの27%濃度溶液(DesmodurR RFE;Bayer MaterialScience AGの製品、Leverkusen、独国)(213.07g)を、500mlの丸底フラスコに導入し、60℃に加熱した。次いで、2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート(42.37g)を滴下し、イソシアネート含量が0.1%以下になるまで、混合物をさらに60℃に維持した。次いで、冷却を行い、酢酸エチルを真空下で完全に除去した。生成物が半結晶性固体として得られた。
初めに、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール(0.03g)、ジブチルスズジラウレート(0.05g)、および酢酸エチル中のトリス(p-イソシアナトフェニル)チオホスフェートの27%濃度溶液(150.34g)を、250mlの丸底フラスコに導入し、60℃に加熱した。次いで、2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート(14.95g)を滴下し、イソシアネート含量が3.3%以下になるまで、混合物をさらに60℃に維持した。次いで、ポリ(ε-カプロラクトン)モノアクリレート(Tone M100;Dow Chemicals Inc.の製品)(44.33g)を滴下し、イソシアネート含量が0.1%以下に低下するまで、さらに60℃に維持した。次いで、冷却を行い、酢酸エチルを真空下で完全に除去した。生成物が粘稠液体として得られた。
初めに、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール(0.1g)、ジブチルスズジラウレート(0.05g)、および酢酸エチル中のトリフェニルメタン-4,4',4''-トリイソシアネートの27%濃度溶液(189.52g)を、500mlの丸底フラスコに導入し、65℃に加熱した。次いで、2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート(48.68g)を滴下し、イソシアネート含量が0.1%以下になるまで、さらに65℃に維持した。次いで、冷却を行い、酢酸エチルを真空下で完全に除去した。生成物が半結晶性固体として得られた。
初めに、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール(0.06g)、Desmorapid Z(0.03g)、および酢酸エチル中のトリス(p-イソシアナトフェニル)チオホスフェートの27%濃度溶液(122.6g)を、500mlの丸底フラスコに導入し、60℃に加熱した。次いで、ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート(27.3g)を滴下し、イソシアネート含量が0.1%以下になるまで、混合物をさらに60℃に維持した。次いで、冷却を行い、酢酸エチルを真空下で完全に除去した。生成物が淡黄色液体として得られた。
初めに、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール(0.06g)、Desmorapid Z(0.03g)、および酢酸エチル中のトリス(p-イソシアナトフェニル)チオホスフェートの27%濃度溶液(120.2g)を、500mlの丸底フラスコに導入し、60℃に加熱した。次いで、4-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート(29.7g)を滴下し、イソシアネート含量が0.1%以下になるまで、混合物をさらに60℃に維持した。次いで、冷却を行い、酢酸エチルを真空下で完全に除去した。生成物が淡黄色液体として得られた。
初めに、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール(0.07g)、Desmorapid Z(0.04g)、および酢酸エチル中のトリス(p-イソシアナトフェニル)チオホスフェートの27%濃度溶液(109.1g)を、500mlの丸底フラスコに導入し、60℃に加熱した。次いで、ポリエチレングリコールモノメタクリレート(PEM3;LAPORTE Performance Chemicals UK LTDから)(40.8g)を滴下し、イソシアネート含量が0.1%以下になるまで、混合物をさらに60℃に維持した。次いで、冷却を行い、酢酸エチルを真空下で完全に除去した。生成物が淡黄色液体として得られた。
スズオクタノエート(0.18g)、ε-カプロラクトン(374.81g)、および2官能ポリテトラヒドロフランポリエーテルポリオール(当量 500g/モルOH)(374.81g)を、1Lのフラスコに追加的に導入し、120℃に加熱し、固体含量(非揮発性成分の割合)が99.5重量%またはそれ以上になるまで、この温度に維持した。次いで、冷却を行い、生成物がワックス状固体として得られた。
上記のように製造したポリオール成分(7.61g)を、実施例1のウレタンアクリレート(0.50g)、CGI 909[CGI 909は、Ciba Inc.(Basel、スイス国)により2008年に販売される実験生成物である](0.10g)およびニューメチレンブルー(0.01g)、N-エチルピロリドン(0.35g)および20μmガラスビーズ(0.02g)と50℃において混合して、透明な溶液を得た。次いで、30℃までの冷却を行い、DesmodurR XP 2410 [Bayer MaterialScience AG (Leverkusen、独国)の実験生成物、ヘキサンジイソシアネートに基づくポリイソシアネート、イミノオキサジアジンジオンの割合:少なくとも30%、NCO含量:23.5%](1.41g)を加え、再び混合を行った。最後に、Fomrez UL 28(ウレタン化触媒、Momentive Performance Chemicalsの市販製品、Wilton、CT、米国)(0.006g)を加え、再び短時間の混合を行った。次いで、得られた液体材料をガラスプレートに移し、それを第2のガラスプレートで覆った。この試験試料を、室温において15kg重量下で12時間硬化させた。
上記のように製造したポリオール成分(7.19g)を、実施例1のウレタンアクリレート(1.00g)、CGI 909(0.10g)およびニューメチレンブルー(0.01g)、N-エチルピロリドン(0.35g)および20μmガラスビーズ(0.02g)と50℃において混合して、透明な溶液を得た。次いで、30℃までの冷却を行い、DesmodurR XP 2410 [Bayer MaterialScience AG (Leverkusen、独国)の実験生成物、ヘキサンジイソシアネートに基づくポリイソシアネート、イミノオキサジアジンジオンの割合:少なくとも30%、NCO含量:23.5%](1.33g)を加え、再び混合を行った。最後に、Fomrez UL 28(0.009g)を加え、再び短時間の混合を行った。次いで、得られた液体材料をガラスプレートに移し、それを第2のガラスプレートで覆った。この試験試料を、室温において15kg重量下で12時間硬化させた。
上記のように製造したポリオール成分(6.98g)を、実施例1のウレタンアクリレート(1.25g)、CGI 909(0.10g)およびニューメチレンブルー(0.01g)、N-エチルピロリドン(0.35g)および20μmガラスビーズ(0.02g)と50℃において混合して、透明な溶液を得た。次いで、30℃までの冷却を行い、DesmodurR XP 2410(1.29g)を加え、再び混合を行った。最後に、Fomrez UL 28(0.009g)を加え、再び短時間の混合を行った。次いで、得られた液体材料をガラスプレートに移し、それを第2のガラスプレートで覆った。この試験試料を、室温において15kg重量下で12時間硬化させた。
上記のように製造したポリオール成分(8.75g)を、実施例1のウレタンアクリレート(3.75g)、CGI 909(0.15g)およびニューメチレンブルー(0.015g)、N-エチルピロリドン(0.52g)および20μmガラスビーズ(0.02g)と50℃において混合して、透明な溶液を得た。次いで、30℃までの冷却を行い、DesmodurR XP 2410(1.647g)を加え、再び混合を行った。最後に、Fomrez UL 28(0.009g)を加え、再び短時間の混合を行った。次いで、得られた液体材料をガラスプレートに移し、それを第2のガラスプレートで覆った。この試験試料を、室温において15kg重量下で12時間硬化させた。
上記のように製造したポリオール成分(6.54g)を、実施例2のウレタンアクリレート(1.77g)、CGI 909(0.10g)およびニューメチレンブルー(0.01g)、N-エチルピロリドン(0.35g)および17μmガラスビーズ(0.015g)と50℃において混合して、透明な溶液を得た。次いで、30℃までの冷却を行い、DesmodurR XP 2410(1.21g)を加え、再び混合を行った。最後に、Fomrez UL 28(0.006g)を加え、再び短時間の混合を行った。次いで、得られた液体材料をガラスプレートに移し、それを第2のガラスプレートで覆った。この試験試料を、室温において15kg重量下で12時間硬化させた。
上記のように製造したポリオール成分(5.92g)を、実施例4のウレタンアクリレート(2.50g)、CGI 909(0.10g)およびニューメチレンブルー(0.01g)、N-エチルピロリドン(0.35g)および20μmガラスビーズ(0.015g)と50℃において混合して、透明な溶液を得た。次いで、30℃までの冷却を行い、DesmodurR XP 2410(1.10g)を加え、再び混合を行った。最後に、Fomrez UL 28(0.006g)を加え、再び短時間の混合を行った。次いで、得られた液体材料をガラスプレートに移し、それを第2のガラスプレートで覆った。この試験試料を、室温において15kg重量下で12時間硬化させた。
上記のように製造したポリオール成分(5.92g)を、実施例5のウレタンアクリレート(2.50g)、CGI 909(0.10g)およびニューメチレンブルー(0.01g)、N-エチルピロリドン(0.35g)および20μmガラスビーズ(0.015g)と50℃において混合して、透明な溶液を得た。次いで、30℃までの冷却を行い、DesmodurR XP 2410(1.10g)を加え、再び混合を行った。最後に、Fomrez UL 28(0.006g)を加え、再び短時間の混合を行った。次いで、得られた液体材料をガラスプレートに移し、それを第2のガラスプレートで覆った。この試験試料を、室温において15kg重量下で12時間硬化させた。
上記のように製造したポリオール成分(5.92g)を、実施例6のウレタンアクリレート(2.50g)、CGI 909(0.10g)およびニューメチレンブルー(0.01g)、N-エチルピロリドン(0.35g)および20μmガラスビーズ(0.015g)と50℃において混合して、透明な溶液を得た。次いで、30℃までの冷却を行い、DesmodurR XP 2410(1.10g)を加え、再び混合を行った。最後に、Fomrez UL 28(0.006g)を加え、再び短時間の混合を行った。次いで、得られた液体材料をガラスプレートに移し、それを第2のガラスプレートで覆った。この試験試料を、室温において15kg重量下で12時間硬化させた。
上記のように製造した媒体のホログラフィック特性を次のように試験した。
He-Neレーザー(放射波長633nm)のビームを、空間フィルター(SF)および視準レンズ(CL)の助けを借りて、平行な均一ビームに変換した。信号および参照ビームの最終横断面を、虹彩絞り(I)によって決定した。虹彩絞り開口部の直径は4mmである。偏光依存ビームスプリッター(PBS)が、レーザービームを2つの可干渉性(コヒーレント)の同一偏光ビームに分割する。λ/2プレートによって、参照ビームの電力を0.5mWに調節し、信号ビームの電力を0.65mWに調節した。これらの電力を、試料を除去して半導体検出器(D)で測定した。参照ビームの入射角(α)は21.8°であり、信号ビームの入射角(β)は41.8°である。試料(媒体)の位置において、2つの重なりビームの干渉場は、試料に入射した2つのビームの角二等分線に垂直である明および暗ストリップの格子(反射ホログラム)を与えた。媒体中のストリップ間隔は約225nmであった(媒体の屈折率は約1.49であると仮定される)。
暴露時間tの間、両シャッター(S)を開いた。
次いで、シャッター(S)を閉じながら、媒体のなお未重合の書込みモノマーを5分間拡散させた。
ある配合物のために、この操作を、異なる媒体において異なる暴露時間tに対して恐らくは数回繰り返して、DEが飽和値に到達したところでのホログラムの書込み中の入射レーザービームの平均エネルギー用量を測定した。この平均エネルギー用量Eは、次の式によって得られる:
Claims (6)
- 書込みモノマーとして、ポリウレタン組成物の全重量を基準に少なくとも10重量%の1つまたはそれ以上の以下の式(I)および(III):
[式中、
Rは、それぞれ互いに独立して、放射線硬化性基であり;そして
Xは、それぞれ互いに独立して、RとC=Oの間の単結合、あるいは、ヘテロ原子を含有することもあり、そして/または官能基によって置換されていることもある直鎖、分岐鎖または環式の炭化水素基である]
で示される不飽和ウレタン(a)を含有する書込みモノマー成分(a)、ならびに、該書込みモノマーのためのマトリックスとして、ポリマー化合物または対応するマトリックス前駆体を含んでなるポリウレタン組成物であって、
Rは、ビニルエーテル、アクリレートまたはメタクリレート基であり、
Xは、それぞれ直鎖または分岐鎖のオキシアルキレンまたはポリオキシアルキレン基であり、および
対応するマトリックス前駆体は、
イソシアネート成分(b);
イソシアネート反応性成分(c);および
1つまたはそれ以上の光開始剤(d);
を含んでなるポリウレタン組成物。 - 1つまたはそれ以上の不飽和ウレタン(a)が、ポリウレタン組成物の全重量を基準に、20〜50重量%の量で存在する請求項1に記載のポリウレタン組成物。
- (1)請求項1に記載のポリウレタン組成物を基材または型中に適用し;そして(2)該ポリウレタン組成物を硬化させる;ことを含んでなる視覚ホログラムを記録するための媒体の製造方法。
- (1)請求項1に記載のポリウレタン組成物の成分の混合物を供し;(2)該ポリウレタン組成物を基材または型中に適用し;そして(3)該ポリウレタン組成物を硬化させる;ことを含んでなり、成分(b)を(2)の適用の直前に最後にのみ混合する視覚ホログラムを記録するための媒体の製造方法。
- 請求項3に記載の方法によって製造した視覚ホログラムを記録するための媒体。
- 請求項5に記載の媒体をレーザービームによって暴露することを含んでなるホログラムの記録方法。
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2009
- 2009-09-03 IL IL200722A patent/IL200722A0/en unknown
- 2009-09-19 AT AT09011958T patent/ATE523542T1/de active
- 2009-09-19 PL PL09011958T patent/PL2172505T3/pl unknown
- 2009-09-19 EP EP09011958A patent/EP2172505B1/de active Active
- 2009-09-19 ES ES09011958T patent/ES2372447T3/es active Active
- 2009-09-28 CA CA2680964A patent/CA2680964A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-29 US US12/569,184 patent/US20100086860A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-30 SG SG200906530-1A patent/SG160312A1/en unknown
- 2009-09-30 CN CN2009101797176A patent/CN101712746B/zh active Active
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- 2009-09-30 KR KR1020090092846A patent/KR101640943B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE523542T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
EP2172505A1 (de) | 2010-04-07 |
CN101712746A (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
KR101640943B1 (ko) | 2016-07-19 |
RU2009136180A (ru) | 2011-04-10 |
RU2515977C2 (ru) | 2014-05-20 |
ES2372447T3 (es) | 2012-01-19 |
CA2680964A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
JP2010090378A (ja) | 2010-04-22 |
TWI461485B (zh) | 2014-11-21 |
PL2172505T3 (pl) | 2012-02-29 |
TW201030092A (en) | 2010-08-16 |
SG160312A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
IL200722A0 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
BRPI0903886A2 (pt) | 2010-07-20 |
EP2172505B1 (de) | 2011-09-07 |
US20100086860A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
KR20100037556A (ko) | 2010-04-09 |
CN101712746B (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
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