JP5583031B2 - 複層塗膜形成方法 - Google Patents
複層塗膜形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5583031B2 JP5583031B2 JP2010546645A JP2010546645A JP5583031B2 JP 5583031 B2 JP5583031 B2 JP 5583031B2 JP 2010546645 A JP2010546645 A JP 2010546645A JP 2010546645 A JP2010546645 A JP 2010546645A JP 5583031 B2 JP5583031 B2 JP 5583031B2
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- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazine-4,5,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNOGYQAEJGADFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolan-2-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCC1CCCO1 YNOGYQAEJGADFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- IGEIPFLJVCPEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCC(C)N IGEIPFLJVCPEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQPFFKCJENSZKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-amine Chemical compound CCC(N)CC PQPFFKCJENSZKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CCO RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)O GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XVNKRRXASPPECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl n-phenylcarbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XVNKRRXASPPECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfite Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])=O DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099427 potassium bisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010259 potassium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- JIYNFFGKZCOPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sbb061129 Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C2C1C1C=C(C)C2C1 JIYNFFGKZCOPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940077386 sodium benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940080237 sodium caseinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PYBOTXJDCXMILP-ICYLSCGJSA-M sodium;(z,12r)-12-hydroxy-2-sulfooctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCC(C([O-])=O)S(O)(=O)=O PYBOTXJDCXMILP-ICYLSCGJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylthiol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940117013 triethanolamine oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BJAARRARQJZURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound O.CN(C)C BJAARRARQJZURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/57—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat
- B05D7/572—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat all layers being cured or baked together
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2201/00—Polymeric substrate or laminate
- B05D2201/02—Polymeric substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2451/00—Type of carrier, type of coating (Multilayers)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2502/00—Acrylic polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2503/00—Polyurethanes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
項1.被塗物上に、下記の工程(1)〜(4)、
工程(1):水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装して第1着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(2):前記工程(1)で形成された第1着色塗膜上に、水性第2着色塗料(Y)を塗装して第2着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(3):前記工程(2)で形成された第2着色塗膜上に、クリヤ塗料(Z)を塗装してクリヤ塗膜を形成する工程、及び
工程(4):前記工程(1)〜(3)で形成された第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜を同時に焼き付け乾燥する工程、
を順次行う複層塗膜形成方法であって、該水性第1着色塗料(X)が、
アクリル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)及びウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)を含有する水性塗料組成物であって、
該水性第1着色塗料(X)から形成される第1着色塗膜が100%以下の水膨潤率及び300%以下の有機溶剤膨潤率を有するものである、複層塗膜形成方法。
本発明の複層塗膜形成方法によれば、まず、被塗物上に、アクリル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)及びウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)を含有する水性第1着色塗料(X)が塗装される。
水性第1着色塗料(X)を適用する被塗物は、特に限定されない。該被塗物としては、例えば、乗用車、トラック、オートバイ、バス等の自動車車体の外板部;バンパー等の自動車部品;携帯電話、オーディオ機器等の家庭電気製品の外板部等を挙げることができる。これらのうち、自動車車体の外板部及び自動車部品が好ましい。
アクリル樹脂(A)としては、従来から水性塗料に使用されているそれ自体既知の水溶性又は水分散性のアクリル樹脂を使用することができる。本発明においてアクリル樹脂(A)は、水酸基、カルボキシル基、エポキシ基等の硬化剤(B)と反応し得る架橋性官能基を有している。
なかでも、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂を使用することが好ましい。
(i)アルキル又はシクロアルキル(メタ)アクリレート:例えば、メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、n−プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、i−プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、n−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、i−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、tert−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、n−ヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、n−オクチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ノニル(メタ)アクリレート、トリデシル(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリル(メタ)アクリレート、ステアリル(メタ)アクリレート、イソステアリル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、メチルシクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、t−ブチルシクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロドデシル(メタ)アクリレート、トリシクロデカニル(メタ)アクリレート等。
(ii)イソボルニル基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、イソボルニル(メタ)アクリレート等。
(iii) アダマンチル基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、アダマンチル(メタ)アクリレート等。
(iv)トリシクロデセニル基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、トリシクロデセニル(メタ)アクリレート等。
(v)芳香環含有重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン等。
(vi)アルコキシシリル基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリス(2−メトキシエトキシ)シラン、γ−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン等。
(vii)フッ素化アルキル基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、パーフルオロブチルエチル(メタ)アクリレート、パーフルオロオクチルエチル(メタ)アクリレート等のパーフルオロアルキル(メタ)アクリレート;フルオロオレフィン等。
(viii)マレイミド基等の光重合性官能基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー。
(ix)ビニル化合物:例えば、N−ビニルピロリドン、エチレン、ブタジエン、クロロプレン、プロピオン酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル等。
(x)リン酸基含有重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、2−アクリロイルオキシエチルアシッドホスフェート、2−メタクリロイルオキシエチルアシッドホスフェート、2−アクリロイルオキシプロピルアシッドホスフェート、2−メタクリロイルオキシプロピルアシッドホスフェート等。
(xi)カルボキシル基含有重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸、クロトン酸、β−カルボキシエチルアクリレート等。
(xii)含窒素重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、(メタ)アクリロニトリル、(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N−ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N−ジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド、メチレンビス(メタ)アクリルアミド、エチレンビス(メタ)アクリルアミド、2−(メタクリロイルオキシ)エチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレートとアミン類との付加物等。
(xiii)重合性不飽和基を1分子中に2個以上有する重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、アリル(メタ)アクリレート、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート等。
(xiv)エポキシ基含有重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、β−メチルグリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル(メタ)アクリレート、3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルエチル(メタ)アクリレート、3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、アリルグリシジルエーテル等。
(xv)分子末端がアルコキシ基であるポリオキシエチレン鎖を有する(メタ)アクリレート。
(xvi)スルホン酸基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸、2−スルホエチル(メタ)アクリレート、アリルスルホン酸、4−スチレンスルホン酸等;これらスルホン酸のナトリウム塩及びアンモニウム塩等。
(xvii)紫外線吸収性官能基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、2−ヒドロキシ−4−(3−メタクリロイルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロポキシ)ベンゾフェノン、2−ヒドロキシ−4−(3−アクリロイルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロポキシ)ベンゾフェノン、2,2' −ジヒドロキシ−4−(3−メタクリロイルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロポキシ)ベンゾフェノン、2,2' −ジヒドロキシ−4−(3−アクリロイルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロポキシ)ベンゾフェノン、2−(2' −ヒドロキシ−5' −メタクリロイルオキシエチルフェニル)−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール等。
(xviii)光安定性重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、4−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ−1,2,2,6,6−ペンタメチルピペリジン、4−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、4−シアノ−4−(メタ)アクリロイルアミノ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、1−(メタ)アクリロイル−4−(メタ)アクリロイルアミノ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、1−(メタ)アクリロイル−4−シアノ−4−(メタ)アクリロイルアミノ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、4−クロトノイルオキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、4−クロトノイルアミノ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、1−クロトノイル−4−クロトノイルオキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン等。
(xix)カルボニル基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー:例えば、アクロレイン、ダイアセトンアクリルアミド、ダイアセトンメタクリルアミド、アセトアセトキシエチルメタクリレート、ホルミルスチロール、4〜7個の炭素原子を有するビニルアルキルケトン(例えば、ビニルメチルケトン、ビニルエチルケトン、ビニルブチルケトン等)等。
本発明の水性第1着色塗料(X)の硬化剤(B)としては、例えば、メラミン樹脂(b−1)、ポリイソシアネート化合物(b−2)、ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物(b−3)、カルボジイミド基含有化合物(b−4)を用いることができる。
本発明の水性第1着色塗料(X)に使用するウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)としては、例えば、常法に従いポリイソシアネート成分(c1)及びポリオール成分(c2)から製造されるウレタン樹脂エマルションを挙げることができる。
本発明の複層塗膜形成方法において使用される水性第1着色塗料(X)は、前記アクリル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)ならびにウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)を含有する水性塗料である。
水膨潤率(%)= ({(c−a)/(d−a)}−1)×100 (1)
水抽出率(%)= (1−{(d−a)/(b−a)})×100 (2)
有機溶剤膨潤率(%)= ({(c−a)/(d−a)}−1)×100 (3)
有機溶剤抽出率(%)= (1−{(d−a)/(b−a)})×100 (4)
以上に述べた工程(1)で形成される水性第1着色塗料(X)の塗膜(第1着色塗膜)上には、次いで、水性第2着色塗料(Y)が塗装される。
まず、被塗物上に水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装すると同時に、予め質量(W1)を測定しておいたアルミホイル上にも水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装する。続いて、塗装後、プレヒート等がされた該アルミホイルを水性第2着色塗料(Y)が塗装される直前に回収し、その質量(W2)を測定する。次に、回収したアルミホイルを110℃で60分間乾燥し、デシケーター内で室温まで放冷した後、該アルミホイルの質量(W3)を測定し、以下の式に従って固形分含有率を求める。
固形分含有率(質量%)={(W3−W1)/(W2−W1)}×100
本発明の複層塗膜形成方法においては、上記工程(2)で形成される水性第2着色塗料(Y)の塗膜(第2着色塗膜)上に、クリヤ塗料(Z)が塗装される。
本発明の複層塗膜形成方法においては、上記工程(1)〜(3)で形成される未硬化の第1着色塗膜、未硬化の第2着色塗膜及び未硬化のクリヤ塗膜が、同時に加熱硬化せしめられる。
製造例1
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル30部を仕込み85℃に昇温後、当該溶媒に、スチレン10部、メチルメタクリレート30部、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート15部、n−ブチルアクリレート11.5部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート30部、アクリル酸3.5部、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル10部及び2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)2部の混合物を4時間かけて滴下し、滴下終了後1時間熟成した。その後、反応生成物に、さらに、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル5部及び2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)1部の混合物を1時間かけてフラスコに滴下し、滴下終了後1時間熟成した。さらに2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノール3.03部を加え、脱イオン水を徐々に添加することにより、固形分濃度40%の水酸基含有アクリル樹脂溶液(A−1)を得た。得られた水酸基含有アクリル樹脂の酸価は27mgKOH/g、重量平均分子量は約6万、水酸基価は145mgKOH/gであった。
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に脱イオン水130部、「アクアロンKH−10」(商品名、第一工業製薬株式会社製、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩エステルアンモニウム塩、有効成分97%)0.52部を仕込み、窒素気流中で撹拌混合し、80℃に昇温した。次いで下記のモノマー乳化物(1)のうちの全量の1%量及び6%過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液5.3部を反応容器内に導入し80℃で15分間保持した。次いで、残りのモノマー乳化物(1)を3時間かけて、同温度に保持した反応容器内に滴下した。滴下終了後、1時間熟成した。
上記製造例2で、モノマー乳化物(2)を下記モノマー乳化物(3)に変更する以外は製造例2と同様にして、合成することにより、平均粒子径120nm、固形分濃度30%の水酸基含有アクリル樹脂分散液(A−3)を得た。得られた水酸基含有アクリル樹脂の酸価は12.3mgKOH/g、水酸基価は19.2mgKOH/gであった。
モノマー乳化物(3):脱イオン水13.8部、「アクアロンKH−10」0.24部、過硫酸アンモニウム0.02部、メタクリル酸1.9部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート3.9部、スチレン2.3部、メチルメタクリレート6.6部、エチルアクリレート1.4部及びn−ブチルアクリレート6.9部を混合攪拌して、モノマー乳化物(3)を得た。
上記製造例2で、モノマー乳化物(2)を下記モノマー乳化物(4)に変更する以外は製造例2と同様にして、合成することにより、平均粒子径200nm、固形分濃度30%の水酸基含有アクリル樹脂分散液(A−4)を得た。得られた水酸基含有アクリル樹脂の酸価は5mgKOH/g、水酸基価は19.2mgKOH/gであった。
モノマー乳化物(4):脱イオン水13.8部、「アクアロンKH−10」0.24部、過硫酸アンモニウム0.02部、メタクリル酸0.8部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート3.9部、スチレン2.3部、メチルメタクリレート7.7部、エチルアクリレート1.4部及びn−ブチルアクリレート6.9部を混合攪拌して、モノマー乳化物(4)を得た。
製造例5−1
ウレア基含有重合性不飽和モノマー(S−1−1)の合成
攪拌機、温度計、乾燥管及び滴下ロートを付けた四つ口フラスコにテトラヒドロフラン40部及び 2−メタクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネート52.9部を仕込み、15℃に降温した。次いで攪拌しながら20℃以下を維持しながらエチルアミンの37.8%メタノール溶液37部を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに攪拌下室温で2時間保持した。その後、60℃に昇温し、減圧下、脱溶剤を行なうことにより、エチルウレア基含有重合性不飽和モノマー(S−1−1)(有効成分100%)を得た。
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌器、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に脱イオン水130部、「アクアロンKH−10」(商品名、第一工業製薬株式会社製、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩エステルアンモニウム塩、有効成分97%)0.52部を仕込み、窒素気流中で撹拌混合し、80℃に昇温した。
製造例6
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器にPLACCEL−205(ポリカプロラクトンジオール、ダイセル化学工業社製)61.9部、ジメチロールプロピオン酸5.8部を仕込み、内容物を撹拌しながら80℃まで加熱した。80℃に達した後、32.4部のイソホロンジイソシアネートを1時間かけて滴下した。その後、N−メチルピロリドン29.9部を添加した後、更に80℃で熟成し、ウレタン化反応を行なった。イソシアネート価が3.0以下になったら加熱をやめ、70℃でトリエチルアミン2.75部を加えた。
第1表に示す配合で製造例6と同様に合成することにより、各ウレタン樹脂エマルション(C−2)〜(C−13)を得た。
(*1)PLIPOL:PLIPOL2033、脂肪酸由来ダイマージオール(エステル結合を有するポリオール)、分子量540、CRODA社製
(*2)UMCARB:1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールと1,6−ヘキサンジオールの混合(3/1)ポリカーボネートジオール、分子量900、宇部興産社製
(なお、上記(*1)PLIPOL及び(*2)UMCARBは、いずれも炭素数6以上の炭化水素基を有する化合物を50質量%以上含有する構成成分を反応させることにより得られる疎水ジオールである。)
(*3)DMPA:ジメチロールプロピオン酸
(*4)1,4−BD:1,4−ブタンジオール
(*5)HMDI:ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート
(*6)IPDI:イソホロンジイソシアネート
(*7)水添MDI:ジシクロヘキシルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート
製造例19
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器に、アジピン酸88部、1,2−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物536部、イソフタル酸199部、2−ブチル−2−エチル−1,3−プロパンジオール288部、ネオペンチルグリコール95部、1,4−シクロへキサンジメタノール173部及びトリメチロールプロパン287部を仕込み、160℃から230℃まで3時間かけて昇温させた後、縮合水を水分離器により留去させながら230℃で保持し、酸価が5mgKOH/g以下となるまで反応させた。この反応生成物に、無水トリメリット酸86部を添加し、170℃で30分間付加反応を行なった後、50℃以下に冷却し、2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールを酸基に対して0.9当量添加し中和してから、脱イオン水を徐々に添加することにより、固形分濃度45%、pH7.2の水酸基及びカルボキシル基含有ポリエステル樹脂の水分散液(A−6)を得た。得られた水酸基及びカルボキシル基含有ポリエステル樹脂の水酸基価は110mgKOH/g、酸価は33mgKOH/g、数平均分子量は2050であった。
製造例20
製造例1で得た水酸基含有アクリル樹脂溶液(A−1)25.5部(樹脂固形分10.2部)、ルチル型二酸化チタン(D1−1)(商品名「JR−806」テイカ株式会社製)87部、カーボンブラック(D1−2)(商品名「カーボンMA−100」三菱化学株式会社製)0.8部及び脱イオン水43部を混合し、2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールでpH8.0に調整した後、ペイントシェーカーで30分間分散させて顔料分散ペーストを得た。
アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物及びウレタン樹脂として、以下の第2表に示す原材料を用い、第2表に示す配合で製造例20と同様に調整することにより、pH8.2、塗料固形分44%、20℃におけるフォードカップNo.4による粘度30秒の各水性第1着色塗料(X−2)〜(X−20)を得た。ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物(B−3)は、デスモジュールBL3475(マロン酸ジエチルブロックヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、バイエル社製)である。
製造例40
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器に、トリメチロールプロパン109部、1,6−ヘキサンジオール141部、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸126部及びアジピン酸120部を仕込み、160℃〜230℃の間を3時間かけて昇温させた後、230℃で4時間縮合反応させた。次いで、得られた縮合反応生成物にカルボキシル基を付加するために、さらに無水トリメリット酸38.3部を加え、170℃で30分間反応させた後、2−エチル−1−ヘキサノールで希釈し、固形分濃度70%であるポリエステル樹脂溶液を得た。得られたポリエステル樹脂は、酸価が46mgKOH/g、水酸基価が150mgKOH/g、重量平均分子量が6400であった。
製造例41
攪拌混合容器内において、アルミニウム顔料ペースト(商品名「GX−180A」旭化成メタルズ株式会社製、金属含有量74%)19部、2−エチル−1−ヘキサノール35部、リン酸基含有樹脂溶液(注1)8部及び2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノール0.2部を均一に混合して、光輝性顔料分散液を得た。
(注1)リン酸基含有樹脂溶液:温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌器、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器にメトキシプロパノール27.5部、イソブタノール27.5部の混合溶剤を入れ、110℃に加熱した。次いで、スチレン25部、n−ブチルメタクリレート27.5部、分岐高級アルキルアクリレート(商品名「イソステアリルアクリレート」大阪有機化学工業株式会社製)20部、4−ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート7.5部、リン酸基含有重合性モノマー(注2)15部、2−メタクリロイルオキシエチルアシッドホスフェート12.5部、イソブタノール10部、t−ブチルパーオキシオクタノエート4部からなる混合物121.5部を4時間かけて上記混合溶剤に加え、さらにt−ブチルパーオキシオクタノエート0.5部とイソプロパノール20部からなる混合物を1時間かけて滴下した。その後、1時間攪拌しながら熟成して固形分濃度50%のリン酸基含有樹脂溶液を得た。リン酸基含有樹脂のリン酸基による酸価は83mgKOH/g、水酸基価は29mgKOH/g、重量平均分子量は10,000であった。
(注2)リン酸基含有重合性モノマー:温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌器、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器にモノブチルリン酸57.5部及びイソブタノール41部を入れ、90℃に昇温した後、グリシジルメタクリレート42.5部を2時間かけて滴下した。その後、さらに1時間攪拌しながら熟成した後、イソプロパノール59部を加えて、固形分濃度50%のリン酸基含有重合性モノマー溶液を得た。得られたモノマーのリン酸基による酸価は285mgKOH/gであった。
製造例42
製造例2で得た水酸基含有アクリル樹脂分散液(A−2)100部(固形分30部)、製造例40で得たポリエステル樹脂溶液57部(固形分40部)、製造例41で得た光輝性顔料分散液62部(樹脂固形分4部)及びメラミン樹脂(商品名「サイメル325」日本サイテックインダストリーズ株式会社製、固形分80%)37.5部(固形分30部)を均一に混合し、更に、ポリアクリル酸系増粘剤(商品名「プライマルASE−60」ロームアンドハース社製)、2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノール及び脱イオン水を加えてpH8.0、塗料固形分25%、20℃におけるフォードカップNo.4による粘度40秒の水性第2着色塗料(Y−1)を得た。
製造例20〜39で得た水性第1着色塗料(X−1)〜(X−20)、及び製造例42で得た水性第2着色塗料(Y−1)を用いて、以下のようにしてそれぞれ試験板を作製し、評価試験を行なった。
リン酸亜鉛化成処理を施した冷延鋼板に、カチオン電着塗料(商品名「エレクロンGT−10」関西ペイント社製)を硬化膜厚20μmとなるように電着塗装し、170℃で30分間加熱して硬化させて試験用被塗物とした。
上記試験用被塗物に、前記製造例20で得た水性第1着色塗料(X−1)を回転霧化型の静電塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚20μmとなるように静電塗装し、3分間放置後、80℃で3分間プレヒートを行なった。次いで、該未硬化の第1着色塗膜上に製造例42で得た水性第2着色塗料(Y−1)を回転霧化型の静電塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚15μmとなるように静電塗装し、5分間放置後、80℃で3分間プレヒートを行なった。次いで、該未硬化の第2着色塗膜上にアクリル樹脂系溶剤型上塗クリヤ塗料(商品名「マジクロンKINO−1210」関西ペイント株式会社製、以下「クリヤ塗料(Z−1)」ということがある、なお、クリヤ塗料(Z−1)の含有溶剤組成(質量比)は、ソルベッソ100/ソルベッソ150/3−エトキシエチルプロピオネート/ブタノール/DBE(グルタル酸ジメチル、コハク酸ジメチル及びアジピン酸ジメチルの混合溶剤、DuPont社製)=42/23/20/7.5/7.5である。)を硬化膜厚35μmとなるように静電塗装し、7分間放置した後、140℃で30分間加熱して、第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜からなる該複層塗膜を硬化させることにより試験板を作製した。
実施例1において、製造例20で得た水性第1着色塗料(X−1)を下記第3表に示す水性第1着色塗料(X−2)〜(X−20)のいずれかに変更する以外は、実施例1と同様にして各試験板を作製した。
上記実施例1〜15及び比較例1〜5で得られた各試験板について、下記の試験方法により評価を行なった。評価結果を下記第3表に示す。
平滑性:「Wave Scan DOI」(商品名、BYK Gardner社製)によって測定されるWc値を用いて評価した。Wc値は、1〜3mm程度の波長の表面粗度の振幅の指標であり、測定値が小さいほど塗面の平滑性が高いことを示す。
○:キズの大きさが小さく、電着面及び素地の鋼板が露出していない
△:キズの大きさは小さいが、電着面又は素地の鋼板が露出している
×:キズの大きさはかなり大きく、素地の鋼板も大きく露出している。
総合評価:
○:Wcが15以下であり、Waが17以下であり、かつ耐チッピング性の評価が○である
△:Wcが15以下であり、Waが17以下であり、かつ耐チッピング性の評価が△である
×:Wcが15を超えるか、Waが17を超えるか、又は耐チッピング性の評価が×である。
Claims (9)
- 被塗物上に、下記の工程(1)〜(4)、
工程(1):水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装して第1着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(2):前記工程(1)で形成された第1着色塗膜上に、水性第2着色塗料(Y)を塗装して第2着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(3):前記工程(2)で形成された第2着色塗膜上に、クリヤ塗料(Z)を塗装してクリヤ塗膜を形成する工程、及び
工程(4):前記工程(1)〜(3)で形成された第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜を同時に焼き付け乾燥する工程、
を順次行う複層塗膜形成方法であって、該水性第1着色塗料(X)が、
アクリル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)及びウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)を含有する水性塗料組成物であって、
該水性第1着色塗料(X)から形成される第1着色塗膜が100%以下の水膨潤率及び300%以下の有機溶剤膨潤率を有するものである、複層塗膜形成方法。 - ウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)が、ポリイソシアネート成分とポリオール成分とを原料として製造されるものであって、ポリイソシアネート成分及びポリオール成分の合計質量に対して、ポリオール成分が40〜90質量%用いられる、請求項1に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- ウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)が、ポリイソシアネート成分とポリオール成分とを原料として製造されるものであって、該ポリイソシアネート成分が脂環式ジイソシアネートを含有し、該ポリオール成分がポリカーボネートジオールを含有し、該ポリカーボネートジオールの原料化合物のうち50質量%以上が、炭素数6以上の炭化水素基を有する化合物であり、かつ
前記水性第1着色塗料(X)から形成される第1着色塗膜が251%以下の有機溶剤膨潤率を有する、請求項1に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。 - 前記水性第1着色塗料(X)から形成される第1着色塗膜が26%以下の水膨潤率を有する、請求項3に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 炭素数6以上の炭化水素基を有する化合物が1,6−ヘキサンジオール及び/又は1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールである請求項3に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 前記アクリル樹脂(A)が、重合性不飽和モノマーの総量を基準にして、アルキル基の炭素数が4〜14であるアルキル(メタ)アクリレートモノマー30〜80質量%を含有する重合性不飽和モノマー混合物を乳化重合することにより得られる共重合体を含有する請求項1に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 硬化剤(B)が、メラミン樹脂(b−1)、ポリイソシアネート化合物(b−2)、ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物(b−3)及びカルボジイミド基含有化合物(b−4)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である、請求項1に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 水性第1着色塗料(X)が、アクリル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)及びウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)の固形分総量を基準にして、アクリル樹脂(A)20〜70質量%、硬化剤(B)5〜20質量%、ウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)10〜50質量%の割合である請求項1に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 請求項1に記載の複層塗膜形成方法により塗装された物品。
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
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