JP5451207B2 - 水性塗料組成物及び複層塗膜形成方法 - Google Patents
水性塗料組成物及び複層塗膜形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5451207B2 JP5451207B2 JP2009149567A JP2009149567A JP5451207B2 JP 5451207 B2 JP5451207 B2 JP 5451207B2 JP 2009149567 A JP2009149567 A JP 2009149567A JP 2009149567 A JP2009149567 A JP 2009149567A JP 5451207 B2 JP5451207 B2 JP 5451207B2
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- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
VOC削減の観点から、中塗り塗料及び上塗り塗料においても水性化が進められている。
工程(1):水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装して第1着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(2):前記工程(1)で形成された第1着色塗膜上に、水性第2着色塗料(Y)を塗装して第2着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(3):前記工程(2)で形成された第2着色塗膜上に、クリヤ塗料(Z)を塗装してクリヤ塗膜を形成する工程、及び
工程(4):前記工程(1)〜(3)で形成された第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜を同時に焼き付け乾燥する工程、
を順次行う複層塗膜形成方法であって、該水性第1着色塗料(X)が、上記水性塗料組成物であることを特徴とする複層塗膜形成方法を提供するものである。
本発明の水性塗料組成物は、アクリル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)、及び脂環式ジイソシアネートを含有するポリイソシアネート成分と、炭素数6以上のシクロアルキレン基を有する脂環族ジオールを含有するジオール成分から得られるポリカーボネートジオール成分とを含む構成成分から得られるウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)を含有する水性塗料組成物である。
アクリル樹脂(A)としては、従来から水性塗料に使用されているそれ自体既知の水溶性又は水分散性のアクリル樹脂を使用することができる。アクリル樹脂(A)は、水酸基、カルボキシル基、エポキシ基などの硬化剤(B)と反応し得る架橋性官能基を有している。
カルボキシル基含有重合性不飽和モノマーは、水分散性アクリル樹脂粒子に水分散性を付与するため、カルボキシル基を導入するためのモノマーである。
これらのカルボキシル基含有重合性不飽和モノマー(M−1)は、単独で又は2種以上を使用することができる。
アルキル基の炭素数が4〜14のアルキル(メタ)アクリレートモノマーを共重合成分とする場合、その共重合量は、重合性不飽和モノマーの総量を基準にして、30〜80質量%であるのが好ましい。
本発明の水性塗料組成物の硬化剤(B)としては、例えば、メラミン樹脂(b−1)、ポリイソシアネート化合物(b−2)、ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物(b−3)、カルボジイミド基含有化合物(b−4)を用いることができる。
ウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)
本発明の水性塗料組成物のウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)は、脂環族ジイソシアネートを含有するポリイソシアネート成分と、炭素数6以上のシクロアルキレン基を有する脂環族ジオールを含有するジオール成分から得られるポリカーボネートジオール成分とを含む構成成分から得られるものである。
ポリカーボネートジオールは、通常、公知のジオールとカルボニル化剤とを重縮合反応させることにより得られる化合物である。
炭素数6以上のアルキレン基を有する脂肪族ジオール及びその他のジオールをあげることができる。
応し、親水性の塩を形成する塩基性化合物である。例えば、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリブチルアミン等のトリアルキルアミン類、N,N−ジメチルエタノールアミン、N,N−ジメチルプロパノールアミン、N,N−ジプロピルエタノールアミン、1−ジメチルアミノ−2−メチル−2−プロパノール等のN,N−ジアルキルアルカノールアミン類、N−アルキル−N,N−ジアルカノールアミン類、トリエタノールアミン等のトリアルカノールアミン類等の3級アミン化合物、アンモニア、トリメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リチウム等が挙げられる。中でも、得られるウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)の分散安定性が良好であるので、3級アミン化合物が好ましい。
オリゴマー(D)
本発明の水性塗料組成物には、複層塗膜の塗面平滑性を向上させる観点から、水トレランス10以上、好ましくは20以上、さらに好ましくは50以上であり、かつ、数平均分子量200〜1500、好ましくは300〜1000、さらに好ましくは400〜1000のオリゴマー化合物(前記アクリル樹脂(A)を除く)をさらに含有することができる。
なかでも、水酸基含有オリゴマー、特にポリオキシプロピレングリセリルエーテルを用いることが好ましい。
水性塗料組成物
本発明の水性塗料組成物は、前記アクリル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)ならびにウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)を含有する水性塗料である。
水性塗料組成物は、耐タレ性及び耐ワキ性向上の観点から、さらに、疎水性溶媒(F)を含有することが好ましい。
水抽出率(%)= 〔1−{(d−a)/(b−a)}〕×100 (2)
また、本明細書において、有機溶剤膨潤率及び有機溶剤抽出率とは、以下のようにして測定される値のことをいう。
有機溶剤抽出率(%)= 〔1−{(d−a)/(b−a)}〕×100 (4)
複層塗膜形成方法
本発明の複層塗膜形成方法は、被塗物上に、下記の工程(1)〜(4)、
工程(1):水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装して第1着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(2):前記工程(1)で形成された第1着色塗膜上に、水性第2着色塗料(Y)を塗装して第2着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(3):前記工程(2)で形成された第2着色塗膜上に、クリヤ塗料(Z)を塗装してクリヤ塗膜を形成する工程、及び
工程(4):前記工程(1)〜(3)で形成された第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜を同時に焼き付け乾燥する工程、
を順次行う複層塗膜形成方法であって、該水性第1着色塗料(X)が、本発明の水性塗料組成物であることを特徴とする複層塗膜形成方法である。
工程(1)
本発明の複層塗膜形成方法によれば、まず、被塗物上に、水性第1着色塗料(X)として、本発明の水性塗料組成物が塗装される。
水性第1着色塗料(X)を適用する被塗物は、特に限定されない。該被塗物としては、例えば、乗用車、トラック、オートバイ、バス等の自動車車体の外板部;バンパー等の自動車部品;携帯電話、オーディオ機器等の家庭電気製品の外板部等を挙げることができる。これらのうち、自動車車体の外板部及び自動車部品が好ましい。
工程(2)
以上に述べた工程(1)で形成される水性第1着色塗料(X)の塗膜(第1着色塗膜)上には、次いで、水性第2着色塗料(Y)が塗装される。
まず、被塗物上に水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装すると同時に、予め質量(W1)を測定しておいたアルミホイル上にも水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装する。続いて、塗装後、プレヒートなどがされた該アルミホイルを水性第2着色塗料(Y)が塗装される直前に回収し、その質量(W2)を測定する。次に、回収したアルミホイルを110℃で60分間乾燥し、デシケーター内で室温まで放冷した後、該アルミホイルの質量(W3)を測定し、以下の式に従って固形分含有率を求める。
第1着色塗膜上に塗装される水性第2着色塗料(Y)は、一般に、被塗物に優れた外観を付与することを目的とするものであって、例えば、カルボキシル基、水酸基などの架橋性官能基を有する、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂などの基体樹脂と、前記架橋剤(B)などの硬化剤からなる樹脂成分を、顔料、その他の添加剤と共に水に溶解ないし分散させて塗料化したものを使用することができる。なかでも、得られる複層塗膜の外観、耐水性等の観点から、基体樹脂として水酸基含有樹脂を使用し、架橋剤として上記メラミン樹脂(b−1)を使用する熱硬化型水性塗料を好適に用いることができる。
本発明の複層塗膜形成方法においては、上記工程(2)で形成される水性第2着色塗料(Y)の塗膜(第2着色塗膜)上に、クリヤ塗料(Z)が塗装される。
本発明の複層塗膜形成方法においては、上記工程(1)〜(3)で形成される未硬化の第1着色塗膜、未硬化の第2着色塗膜及び未硬化のクリヤ塗膜が、同時に加熱硬化せしめられる。
水酸基含有アクリル樹脂の製造
製造例1
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル30部を仕込み85℃に昇温後、スチレン10部、メチルメタクリレート30部、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート15部、n−ブチルアクリレート11.5部、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート30部、アクリル酸3.5部、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル10部及び2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)2部の混合物を4時間かけて滴下し、滴下終了後1時間熟成した。その後さらに、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル5部及び2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)1部の混合物を1時間かけてフラスコに滴下し、滴下終了後1時間熟成した。さらに2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノール3.03部を加え、脱イオン水を徐々に添加することにより、固形分濃度40%の水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(A−1)の溶液を得た。得られた水酸基含有アクリル樹脂の酸価は27mgKOH/g、水酸基価は145mgKOH/gであった。
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に脱イオン水130部、「アクアロンKH−10」(商品名、第一工業製薬株式会社製、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩エステルアンモニウム塩、有効成分97%)0.52部を仕込み、窒素気流中で撹拌混合し、80℃に昇温した。次いで下記のモノマー乳化物(1)のうちの全量の1%量及び6%過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液5.3部を反応容器内に導入し80℃で15分間保持した。次いで、残りのモノマー乳化物(1)を3時間かけて、同温度に保持した反応容器内に滴下した。滴下終了後、1時間熟成した。
ウレタン樹脂エマルションの製造
製造例3
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器にUMC(1/1)(ジオール成分が1,6−ヘキサンジオール及び1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールであり、1,6−ヘキサンジオールの質量/1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールの質量=1/1であるポリカーボネートジオール、宇部興産社製)53.8部、ジメチロールプロピオン酸6.9部を仕込み、内容物を撹拌しながら80℃まで加熱した。80℃に達した後、39.3部のジシクロヘキシルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネートを1時間かけて滴下した。その後、N−メチルピロリドン29.9部を添加した後、更に80℃で熟成し、ウレタン化反応を行なった。イソシアネート価が3.0以下になったら加熱をやめ、70℃でトリエチルアミン3.27部を加えた。
表1に示す配合で製造例3と同様に合成することにより、各ウレタン樹脂エマルション(C−2)〜(C−15)を得た。
(*1)UMC(1/1):ジオール成分が1,6−ヘキサンジオール及び1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールであり、1,6−ヘキサンジオールの質量/1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールの質量=1/1であるポリカーボネートジオール、宇部興産社製。
(*2)UMCD(1/1):ジオール成分が1,10−デカンジオール及び1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールであり、1,10−デカンジオールの質量/1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールの質量=1/1であるポリカーボネートジオール。
(*3)UMCE(1/1):ジオール成分が1,6−ヘキサンジオール及び1,4−シクロヘキサンジオールであり、1,6−ヘキサンジオールの質量/1,4−シクロヘキサンジオールの質量=1/1であるポリカーボネートジオール。
(*4)UMC(3/1):ジオール成分が1,6−ヘキサンジオール及び1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールであり、1,6−ヘキサンジオールの質量/1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールの質量=3/1であるポリカーボネートジオール、宇部興産社製。
(*5)UMC(1/3):ジオール成分が1,6−ヘキサンジオール及び1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールであり、1,6−ヘキサンジオールの質量/1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールの質量=1/3であるポリカーボネートジオール、宇部興産社製。
(*6)UH100:ジオール成分が1,6−ヘキサンジオールであるポリカーボネートジオール、宇部興産社製。
(*7)UC100:ジオール成分が1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールであるポリカーボネートジオール、宇部興産社製。
(*8)PEG1000:ポリエチレングリコール、分子量1000、三洋化成社製。
(*9)DMPA:ジメチロールプロピオン酸
(*10)1,4BD:1,4−ブタンジオール
(*11)MHDI:ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート
(*12)IPDI:イソホロンジイソシアネート
(*13)水添MDI:ジシクロヘキシルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート
実施例1
製造例1で得た水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(A−1)の溶液25.5部(樹脂固形分10.2部)、ルチル型二酸化チタン(E1−1)(商品名「JR−806」テイカ株式会社製)87部、カーボンブラック(E1−2)(商品名「カーボンMA−100」三菱化学株式会社製)0.8部及び脱イオン水43部を混合し、2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールでpH8.0に調整した後、ペイントシェーカーで30分間分散させて顔料分散ペーストを得た。
アクリル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物及びウレタン樹脂エマルションとして、以下の表2に示す原材料を用い、表2に示す配合で実施例1と同様に調整することにより、pH8.2、塗料固形分44%、20℃におけるフォードカップNo.4による粘度30秒の各水性塗料組成物(X−2)〜(X−17)を得た。
製造例18
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器に、トリメチロールプロパン109部、1,6−ヘキサンジオール141部、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸126部及びアジピン酸120部を仕込み、160℃〜230℃の間を3時間かけて昇温させた後、230℃で4時間縮合反応させた。次いで、得られた縮合反応生成物にカルボキシル基を付加するために、さらに無水トリメリット酸38.3部を加え、170℃で30分間反応させた後、2−エチル−1−ヘキサノールで希釈し、固形分濃度70%であるポリエステル樹脂溶液を得た。得られたポリエステル樹脂は、酸価が46mgKOH/g、水酸基価が150mgKOH/g、重量平均分子量が6400であった。
製造例19
攪拌混合容器内において、アルミニウム顔料ペースト(商品名「GX−180A」旭化成メタルズ株式会社製、金属含有量74%)19部、2−エチル−1−ヘキサノール35部、リン酸基含有樹脂溶液(注1)8部及び2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノール0.2部を均一に混合して、光輝性顔料分散液を得た。
製造例20
製造例2で得た水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(A−2)の分散液100部(固形分30部)、製造例18で得たポリエステル樹脂溶液57部(固形分40部)、製造例19で得た光輝性顔料分散液62部(樹脂固形分4部)及びメラミン樹脂(商品名「サイメル325」日本サイテックインダストリーズ株式会社製、固形分80%)37.5部(固形分30部)を均一に混合し、更に、ポリアクリル酸系増粘剤(商品名「プライマルASE−60」ロームアンドハース社製)、2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノール及び脱イオン水を加えてpH8.0、塗料固形分25%、20℃におけるフォードカップNo.4による粘度40秒の水性第2着色塗料(Y−1)を得た。
実施例1〜15及び比較例1〜2で得た水性塗料組成物(X−1)〜(X−17)、及び製造例20で得た水性第2着色塗料(Y−1)を用いて、以下のようにしてそれぞれ試験板を作製し、評価試験を行なった。
リン酸亜鉛化成処理を施した冷延鋼板に、カチオン電着塗料(商品名「エレクロンGT−10」関西ペイント社製)を硬化膜厚20μmとなるように電着塗装し、170℃で30分間加熱して硬化させて試験用被塗物とした。
上記試験用被塗物に、水性第1着色塗料(X−1)として、前記実施例1で得た水性塗料組成物(X−1)を回転霧化型の静電塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚20μmとなるように静電塗装し、3分間放置後、80℃で3分間プレヒートを行なった。次いで、該未硬化の第1着色塗膜上に製造例20で得た水性第2着色塗料(Y−1)を回転霧化型の静電塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚15μmとなるように静電塗装し、5分間放置後、80℃で3分間プレヒートを行なった。次いで、該未硬化の第2着色塗膜上にアクリル樹脂系溶剤型上塗クリヤ塗料(商品名「マジクロンKINO−1210」関西ペイント株式会社製、以下「クリヤ塗料(Z−1)」ということがある、なお、クリヤ塗料(Z−1)の含有溶剤組成(質量比)は、ソルベッソ100(石油系芳香族混合溶剤)/ソルベッソ150(石油系芳香族混合溶剤)/3−エトキシエチルプロピオネート/ブタノール/DBE(グルタル酸ジメチル、コハク酸ジメチル及びアジピン酸ジメチルの混合溶剤、DuPont社製)=42/23/20/7.5/7.5である。)を硬化膜厚35μmとなるように静電塗装し、7分間放置した後、140℃で30分間加熱して、第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜からなる該複層塗膜を硬化させることにより試験板を作製した。
実施例16において、実施例1で得た水性塗料組成物(X−1)を上記表2に示す水性塗料組成物(X−2)〜(X−17)のいずれかに変更する以外は、実施例16と同様にして各試験板を作製した。
上記実施例16〜30及び比較例3〜4で得られた各試験板について、下記の試験方法により評価を行なった。評価結果を下記表3に示す。
平滑性:商品名「Wave Scan DOI」(BYK Gardner社製)によって測定されるWc値を用いて評価した。Wc値が小さいほど塗面の平滑性が良好であることを示す。Wcが10以下であれば、平滑性は良好である。
Claims (12)
- アクリル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)、及び脂環族ジイソシアネートを含有するポリイソシアネート成分と、炭素数6以上のシクロアルキレン基を有する脂環族ジオールを含有するジオール成分から得られるポリカーボネートジオール成分とを含む構成成分から得られるウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)を含有する水性塗料組成物。
- アクリル樹脂(A)として、重合性不飽和モノマーの総量を基準にして、アルキル基の炭素数が4〜14であるアルキル(メタ)アクリレートモノマー30〜80質量%を含有する重合性不飽和モノマー混合物を乳化重合することにより得られる水分散性アクリル樹脂粒子を含有する請求項1に記載の水性塗料組成物。
- 硬化剤(B)が、メラミン樹脂(b−1)、ポリイソシアネート化合物(b−2)、ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物(b−3)及びカルボジイミド基含有化合物(b−4)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項1又は2に記載の水性塗料組成物。
- ウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)が、脂環族ジイソシアネートを含有するポリイソシアネート成分と、ジオール成分として、炭素数6以上のシクロアルキレン基を有する脂環族ジオール及び炭素数6以上のアルキレン基を有する脂肪族ジオールを含有し、ジオール成分の総量に対し、両者を合計して50質量%以上含有するジオール成分から得られるポリカーボネートジオール成分とを含む構成成分から得られるものである請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の水性塗料組成物。
- ポリカーボネートジオール成分を構成するジオール成分において、炭素数6以上のシクロアルキレン基を有する脂環族ジオールが1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノールであり、炭素数6以上のアルキレン基を有する脂肪族ジオールが、1,6−ヘキサンジオールである請求項4に記載の水性塗料組成物。
- 炭素数6以上のシクロアルキレン基を有する脂環族ジオールの質量/炭素数6以上のアルキレン基を有する脂肪族ジオールの質量の比率が、20/80〜80/20の範囲である請求項4又は5に記載の水性塗料組成物。
- アクリル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)及びウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)の固形分総量を基準にして、アクリル樹脂(A)30〜70質量%、硬化剤(B)5〜20質量%、ウレタン樹脂エマルション(C)10〜50質量%の割合である請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の水性塗料組成物。
- 水性塗料組成物から形成される塗膜が、100%以下の水膨潤率及び300%以下の有機溶剤膨潤率を有するものである請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の水性塗料組成物。
- さらに、水トレランス10以上であり、かつ、数平均分子量200〜1500のオリゴマー(D)を含有する請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の水性塗料組成物。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の水性塗料組成物が塗装された物品。
- 被塗物上に、下記の工程(1)〜(4)、
工程(1):水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装して第1着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(2):前記工程(1)で形成された第1着色塗膜上に、水性第2着色塗料(Y)を塗装して第2着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(3):前記工程(2)で形成された第2着色塗膜上に、クリヤ塗料(Z)を塗装してクリヤ塗膜を形成する工程、及び
工程(4):前記工程(1)〜(3)で形成された第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜を同時に焼き付け乾燥する工程、
を順次行う複層塗膜形成方法であって、該水性第1着色塗料(X)が、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の水性塗料組成物であることを特徴とする複層塗膜形成方法。 - 請求項11に記載の複層塗膜形成方法により塗装された物品。
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