JP5573081B2 - 非水電解液二次電池用マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法、並びに非水電解液二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池用マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法、並びに非水電解液二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5573081B2 JP5573081B2 JP2009228223A JP2009228223A JP5573081B2 JP 5573081 B2 JP5573081 B2 JP 5573081B2 JP 2009228223 A JP2009228223 A JP 2009228223A JP 2009228223 A JP2009228223 A JP 2009228223A JP 5573081 B2 JP5573081 B2 JP 5573081B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium manganate
- lithium
- particle powder
- particles
- secondary battery
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 111
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 82
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000023320 Luma <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KVGMATYUUPJFQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Mn++].[Mn++] KVGMATYUUPJFQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 2
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008088 Li-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003003 Li-S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006327 Li—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;[oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].O=BOB([O-])OB([O-])OB=O PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/77—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by unit-cell parameters, atom positions or structure diagrams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
(化学式1)
Li1+xMn2−x−yYyO4+zA
Y=Al、Mgの少なくとも1種
A=融点が850℃以下である焼結助剤元素
(0.03≦x≦0.15、0≦y≦0.20、zはMnに対して0〜2.5mol%)
xが0.03未満の場合、容量は高くなるが高温特性が著しく低下する。0.15を超える場合には高温特性は改善されるが容量が著しく低下したりLiリッチ相が生成し抵抗上昇の原因になる。より好ましくは0.05〜0.15である。
yが0.20を超える場合には容量低下が大きくなるために実用的でない。好ましくは0.01〜0.18であり、より好ましくは0.05〜0.15である。
zがMnに対し2.5mol%を超える場合、凝集効果若しくは焼結防止効果が強すぎ、高温特性を損ねる原因となる。より好ましくは0.01〜2.0mol%であり、更により好ましくは0.1〜1.8mol%である。
例えば、前出特許文献1(特開2001−146425号公報)では、粒子外観のEPMA分析により、Alの均質状態を検証しているが、Alが粒子表面のみに局在していてもこのような結果が得られるが、実際の出力を測定すると、抵抗が大きく、電流を取り出しにくいということが発生する。好ましくは850℃〜1050℃の温度範囲で焼成する。
まず、正極活物質としてLi−Mn複合酸化物を92重量%、導電材としてアセチレンブラックを2.5重量%及びグラファイトを2.5重量%、バインダーとしてN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに溶解したポリフッ化ビニリデン3重量%とを混合した後、Al金属箔に塗布し110℃にて乾燥した。このシートを16mmφに打ち抜いた後、1t/cm2で圧着し、電極厚みを50μmとした物を正極に用いた。負極は16mmφに打ち抜いた金属リチウムとし、電解液は1mol/lのLiPF6を溶解したECとDECを体積比で3:7で混合した溶液を用いてCR2032型コインセルを作製した。
初期充放電特性は、25℃で充電は4.3Vまで0.1Cの電流密度にて行った後、90分間定電圧充電を行い、放電を3.0Vまで0.1Cの電流密度にて実施し、その時の初期充電容量、初期放電容量及び初期充放電効率を測定した。
また、「高温サイクル維持率」については、60℃恒温槽で電圧範囲3.0〜4.3Vとして、1サイクル目、11サイクル目、21サイクル目、31サイクル目を0.1Cの電流密度で充放電(充電は定電流−90分定電圧充電)を行い、その他のサイクルは、1Cの電流密度で充放電(充電は定電流−90分定電圧充電)を繰り返し、初回放電容量cに対する31サイクル目の放電容量dの割合(=100×d/c)とした。
また、25℃で電圧範囲3.0〜4.3Vとして、充電は0.1C(4.3Vで90分の定電圧充電)、放電は0.1C・0.2C・0.5C・1C・2C・5Cと充放電を実施した。このとき(5C放電容量/0.1C放電容量)×100の値を「レート特性」とした。
窒素通気のもと、3.5モルの水酸化ナトリウムに0.5モルの硫酸マンガンを加え全量を1Lとし、得られた水酸化マンガンを90℃で1時間熟成させた。熟成後、空気を通気させ90℃で酸化させ、水洗、乾燥後、酸化マンガン粒子粉末を得た。
酸化マンガンの種類を替えて、表1に示す組成となるようにMn3O4粒子粉末、炭酸リチウム、水酸化アルミニウムと同時にホウ酸を混合し、焼成温度を変化させた以外は実施例1と同様にして、マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
Y(Al、Mg)の種類、添加量及び焼成条件を種々変化させた以外は、前記実施例1と同様にしてマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
電解二酸化マンガン(MnO2)(平均一次粒子径15.1μm)、水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)及び炭酸リチウムを混合した後、960℃で焼成して、マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
マンガン原料として、組成がMn3O4であり、粒子形状は粒状であり、平均一次粒子径4.8μmである酸化マンガン粒子粉末を用いた。
この懸濁液を、フィルタープレスを用いて酸化マンガン粒子の重量に対して10倍の水により水洗を行った後、乾燥を行い、組成がMn:Al=95:5であって平均二次粒子径が4.8μmの水酸化アルミニウムで被覆された酸化マンガン粒子を得た。得られた酸化マンガン粒子の硫黄含有量は237ppmであった。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
表1に示す組成となるようにMn3O4粒子粉末、炭酸リチウムと同時にホウ酸を混合した以外は比較例2と同様にして、マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
比較例2と同様にして、水酸化アルミニウムで被覆された酸化マンガン粒子を得た後、炭酸リチウム、酸化マグネシウムと混合して、焼成した。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
Mn化合物の種類、焼成条件を種々変化させた以外は、前記実施例1と同様にしてマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
用いるY(Al、Mg)元素化合物の平均二次粒子径(D50)が実施例の8倍である80μmの原料を使用した以外は、前記実施例1と同様にしてマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
Claims (6)
- 化学式1のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末において、硫黄含有量が1〜100ppmであり、平均二次粒子径(D50)が1μm〜15μmであり、且つ、該マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を正極活物質として用い、負極は金属リチウムとし、電解液は1mol/lのLiPF6を溶解したECとDECを体積比で3:7で混合した溶液である二次電池の電池測定において、高温サイクル維持率が92%以上、容量回復率が95%以上であるマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法であって、Mn 3 O 4 からなる酸化マンガン、平均二次粒子径が1.0〜20μmであるY元素化合物及びリチウム化合物を混合し、800℃〜1050℃で焼成することを特徴とするマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
(化学式1)
Li1+xMn2−x−yYyO4+zA
Y=Al、Mgの少なくとも1種
A=融点が800℃以下である焼結助剤元素
(0.03≦x≦0.15、0.01≦y≦0.20、zはMnに対して0〜2.5mol%) - 得られるマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の格子定数が0.818〜0.822nmである請求項1記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 得られるマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末について、充放電容量を測定した場合に、初期の放電容量が80mAh/g以上、120mAh/g以下である請求項1又は2に記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法において、酸化マンガンの硫黄含有量が1〜60ppmであるマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法において、酸化マンガンの平均一次粒子径が0.5μm以上であるマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法によって得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を正極活物質またはその一部として用いた非水電解液二次電池。
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