JP5488214B2 - 排気ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
排気ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 119
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 216
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQVDTKCSDUNYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VQVDTKCSDUNYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/464—Rhodium
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- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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Description
この実施例は、A粒子成分がRhドープCeZr系複合酸化物粉末であり、B粒子成分がZr系酸化物担持アルミナ粉末とされたケースである。
硝酸セリウム6水和物とオキシ硝酸ジルコニル溶液と硝酸ネオジム6水和物と硝酸ロジウム溶液とをイオン交換水に溶かす。この硝酸塩溶液に28質量%アンモニア水の8倍希釈液を混合して中和させることにより、共沈物を得る。この共沈物を遠心分離法で水洗した後、空気中において150℃の温度で一昼夜乾燥させ、粉砕した後、空気中において500℃の温度に2時間保持する焼成を行なう。これにより、A粒子成分の上記粒径範囲よりも大きな粒径範囲にピークを有する粒度分布をもつ従来型RhドープCeZr系複合酸化物粉末が得られる。その粒度分布については後述する。以下では、「RhドープCeZr系複合酸化物粉末」を適宜「Rhドープ材」という。
A粒子成分のゾルとして、上記調製法により、RhドープCeZr系複合酸化物のCeO2/(CeO2+ZrO2)質量比が異なる6種類(当該質量比が25%、30%、40%、50%、60%及び75%の6種類)を調製した。いずれも、Rhを除く組成は、(CeO2+ZrO2):Nd2O3=90:10(質量比)であり、Rh含有率は0.6質量%である。B粒子成分としては、個数平均粒径33μmのZr系酸化物担持アルミナ粉末(ZrLa/Al2O3)を採用した。
この実施例は、B粒子成分として、上記ZrLa/Al2O3に代えて、触媒金属が固溶していない個数平均粒径2.5μmの触媒金属非ドープ型CeZr系複合酸化物粉末(CeZrNdO)を採用したものである。このCeZrNdOは、硝酸ロジウム溶液を原料溶液に添加しないことを除いては従来型Rhドープ材と同様の方法によって調製した。その組成は、CeO2:ZrO2:Nd2O3=23:67:10(質量比)である。
この実施例は、B粒子成分として、上記ZrLa/Al2O3に代えて、La2O3を4質量%含有する個数平均粒径13.8μmの活性アルミナ粉末(La−Al2O3)を採用した。すなわち、実施例1と同じ6種類のA粒子成分(ゾル)各々とB粒子成分としてのLa−Al2O3を用い、実施例1と同じ方法で、実施例3に係る6種類の排気ガス浄化用触媒(Aゾル/La−Al2O3)を得た。各成分の担持量は、実施例1と同じく、A粒子成分が6.7g/L、B粒子成分が70g/Lであり、バインダが8g/Lであり、当該触媒層内のRh含有量は0.04g/L(=A粒子成分内にドープされた量)である。
この実施例は、B粒子成分として、上記活性アルミナ粉末(La−Al2O3)、Zr系酸化物担持アルミナ粉末(ZrLa/Al2O3)及び触媒金属非ドープ型CeZr系複合酸化物粉末(CeZrNdO)の3種混合を採用したものである。すなわち、実施例1のCeO2/(CeO2+ZrO2)質量比が50%であるA粒子成分(ゾル)とB粒子成分としての上記3種混合とを用い、実施例1と同じ方法で、実施例4に係る排気ガス浄化用触媒(Aゾル/3種混合)を得た。各成分の担持量は、実施例1と同じく、A粒子成分が6.7g/L、B粒子成分が70g/Lであり、バインダが8g/Lであり、当該触媒層内のRh含有量は0.04g/L(=A粒子成分内にドープされた量)である。B粒子成分の3種混合の割合は1:1:1(質量比)とした。
この比較例は、ピーク粒径小のRhドープ材によるA粒子成分に代えて、ピーク粒径大の上記従来型Rhドープ材を採用し、B粒子成分として実施例1と同じくZr系酸化物担持アルミナ粉末(ZrLa/Al2O3)を採用したものである。
この比較例は、B粒子成分として、実施例2と同じく触媒金属非ドープ型CeZr系複合酸化物粉末(CeZrNdO)を採用したものであり、他は比較例1と同様にして比較例2に係る排気ガス浄化用触媒(従来型Rhドープ/CeZrNdO)を得た。各成分の担持量は、比較例1と同じく、従来型Rhドープ材が6.7g/L、B粒子成分が70g/L、バインダが8g/Lであり、当該触媒層内のRh含有量は0.04g/L(=従来型Rhドープ材内にドープされた量)である。
この比較例は、B粒子成分として、実施例3と同じく活性アルミナ粉末(La−Al2O3)を採用したものであり、他は比較例1と同様にして比較例3に係る排気ガス浄化用触媒(従来型Rhドープ/La−Al2O3)を得た。各成分の担持量は、比較例1と同じく、従来型Rhドープ材が6.7g/L、B粒子成分が70g/L、バインダが8g/Lであり、当該触媒層内のRh含有量は0.04g/L(=従来型Rhドープ材内にドープされた量)である。
この比較例は、B粒子成分として、実施例4と同じく活性アルミナ粉末(La−Al2O3)、Zr系酸化物担持アルミナ粉末(ZrLa/Al2O3)及び触媒金属非ドープ型CeZr系複合酸化物粉末(CeZrNdO)の3種混合を採用したものであり、他は比較例1と同様にして比較例4に係る排気ガス浄化用触媒(従来型Rhドープ/3種混合)を得た。各成分の担持量は、比較例1と同じく、従来型Rhドープ材が6.7g/L、B粒子成分が70g/L、バインダが8g/Lであり、当該触媒層内のRh含有量は0.04g/L(=従来型Rhドープ材内にドープされた量)である。
実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜4の各触媒にベンチエージング処理を施した。これは、各触媒をエンジン排気系に取り付け、(1)A/F=14の排気ガスを1分間流す→(2)A/F=13.5の排気ガスを1分間流す→(3)A/F=14.7の排気ガスを2分間流す、というサイクルが合計50時間繰り返されるように、かつ触媒入口ガス温度が900℃となるように、エンジンを運転するというものである。
Claims (3)
- 担体上に次のA粒子成分及びB粒子成分を含有する触媒層を備えている排気ガス浄化用触媒であって、
上記A粒子成分が、CeZr系複合酸化物に触媒金属が固溶している触媒金属ドープCeZr系複合酸化物粉末よりなり、
上記B粒子成分が、活性アルミナ粉末、活性アルミナ粒子にZr系酸化物が担持されたZr系酸化物担持アルミナ粉末、並びに触媒金属が固溶していないCeZr系複合酸化物粉末のうちから選ばれる少なくとも一種よりなり、
上記A粒子成分は、100nm以上300nm以下の粒径範囲にピークを有する粒度分布をもち、且つCeO2とZrO2との合計量に占めるCeO2量の割合が30質量%以上75質量%以下であり、
上記B粒子成分の少なくとも一部は上記A粒子成分よりも粒径が大きく、上記触媒層において該A粒子成分とB粒子成分とが混在していることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒。 - 請求項1において、
上記CeO2量の割合が40質量%以上60質量%以下であることを特徴する排気ガス浄化用触媒。 - 請求項1又は請求項2において、
上記触媒層に含まれている触媒金属は、上記A粒子成分の上記CeZr系複合酸化物に固溶している触媒金属のみであることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒。
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