JP5474563B2 - 正極活物質及びこれを含む二次電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質及びこれを含む二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 173
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 144
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 140
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 or P) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002521 CoMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015177 Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 12
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016222 LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1CNCC1 HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004499 Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UDOUIRSXTJAWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;propyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CCCOC(C)=O UDOUIRSXTJAWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009782 nail-penetration test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007500 overflow downdraw method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
LiCoO2(比表面積0.2m2/g、D50=5〜20μm)及びLiFePO4(比表面積13m2/g、D50=0.5〜5μm)を重量比97.5:2.5の割合で混合して、メカノフュージョンミキサー(Mechanofusion Mixer)に入れ、5分〜30分間メカノフュージョン処理して、LiFePO4が表面にコーティングされたLiCoO2粉末を得た。メカノフュージョン処理は常温で実施したが、内部で熱が発生してLiFePO4のコーティングを促進した。得られた粉末のSEM写真を図1に示す。一方、前記両物質のリチウム対電位の差は0.3V〜0.8Vであり、LiCoO2に対するLiFePO4の電気伝導度の比率は10−2〜10−7であった。
LiCoO2及びLiFePO4の重量比を97.5:2.5の代りに、95:5とした以外は、前記実施例1と同様な方法により正極活物質及び電池を製造した。
LiCoO2及びLiFePO4の重量比を97.5:2.5の代りに、90:10とした以外は、前記実施例1と同様な方法により正極活物質及び電池を製造した。
LiCoO2及びLiFePO4の重量比を97.5:2.5の代りに、85:15とした以外は、前記実施例1と同様な方法により正極活物質及び電池を製造した。
メカノフュージョン方法の代りに、NOBILTATM(Hosokawa Micron Corporation)を用いてコーティングした以外は、前記実施例1と同様な方法により正極活物質及び電池を製造した。
LiCoO2を単独に正極活物質として用いた以外は、前記実施例1と同様な方法により正極活物質及び電池を製造した。
LiCoO2及びLiFePO4をメカノフュージョン処理せず、ボールミールを用いて単純に混合した以外は、前記実施例3(LiCoO2:LiFePO4=90:10)と同様な方法により正極活物質及び電池を製造した。
LiFePO4の代りに、LiNi0.9Co0.1O2(比表面積0.4m2/g、D50=10μm)をメカノフュージョンによりLiCoO2の表面にコーティングした以外は、前記実施例1と同様な方法により正極活物質及び電池を製造した。
実施例1〜実施例4で製造された二次電位及び比較例1〜比較例3の電池を用い、4.2V、60℃で高温の釘刺し試験(nail penetration)を行った。
実施例1の二次電池及び対照群である比較例1の電池を用い、1C、5C、10C、20C及び30Cに変化させて電流量(current rate)による電池の内部抵抗(DC impedance)を各々測定した。
電池の熱的安全性は、示差走査熱量分析(Differential Scanning Calorimetry;DSC)により評価した。電池性能は、コイン半電池(coin half cell)を製作して評価した。
Claims (10)
- 正極活物質であって、
(a)第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子と、及び
(b)第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子とを含んでなり、
第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子のリチウム対電位(Li/Li+)が3.7V以上であり、
第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子の比表面積が0.01〜0.2m2/gであり、
第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子が、第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子の表面全部にコーティングされてなり、
第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子のリチウム対電位(Li/Li+)が3.7V未満であり、
第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子の比表面積が0.5〜30m2/gであり、
第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子が、第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子より、抵抗が高く、かつ、リチウム対電位(Li/Li+)が低いものであり、及び、
第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子が、5C以上の放電時に、内部抵抗として作用するものである、正極活物質。 - 第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子及び第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子のリチウム対電位(Li/Li+)の差(△P)が、0.3V<△P<5Vであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子に対する第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子の電気伝導度の比が、10−1〜10−7であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子の表面の一部又は全部が、伝導性物質でコーティングされていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記伝導性物質が、炭素材であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の正極活物質。
- 第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子及び第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子の重量比が、70:30〜97.5:2.5であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子の粒径が5〜30μmであり、
第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子の粒径が30nm〜5μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。 - 第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子が、LiMO2(M=Co、Mn、Ni、Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3、Cr, 又は V)及びLiMO4(M=CoMn、NiV、CoV、CoP、MnP、NiP、又は Mn2)からなる群から選択されてなり、
第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子が、LiMO4(M=V2、Fe, 又は P)、LiMO2(M=Mn、Mo、又は W)、LiV6O13、及びLiWO2からなる群から選択されてなることを特徴する、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。 - 第2のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子が、第1のリチウム含有金属複合酸化物粒子より粒子の硬度が低いことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 二次電池であって、
正極と、負極と、電解質と、及び分離膜を備えてなり、
前記正極が、請求項1に記載の正極活物質を備えてなることを特徴とする、二次電池。
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