JP5315893B2 - Adsorption heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an adsorption type heat pump preventing dew condensation of a refrigerant evaporated by a heat exchanger of an adsorber, on an inner wall of a container of the adsorber. <P>SOLUTION: This adsorption type heat pump 10 has the adsorber 12 and a condenser 14. The heat exchanger 22 disposed in the adsorber 12 is covered by a structure 30, excluding a part 25 facing the condenser 14. The structure 30 separates the inside of the adsorber 12 into a first space 27 including the heat exchanger 22 and communicatable with a space in the condenser 14, and a second space 28 not including the heat exchanger 22 and blocked from the first space 27. An adsorbent 24 in the heat exchanger 22 is arranged so that it has high gas permeability at a side of the part 25 facing the condenser 14 in comparison with that at an opposite side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an adsorption heat pump having an adsorber and an aggregator.

  In recent years, adsorption heat pumps have attracted attention from the viewpoint of effective use of energy. The adsorption heat pump can cool another heat generating element or generate hot air or hot water using heat discharged from the heat generating element. The adsorption heat pump has been generally applied to a system that discharges a large amount of heat, but application to an electronic device has also been proposed.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a typical adsorption heat pump 100 having an adsorber and an aggregator. The adsorption heat pump 100 includes an adsorber 112 and an aggregator 114 that are in a vacuum state. The adsorber 112 and the aggregator 114 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 116 having a valve 117 as necessary. The adsorber 112 has a heat exchanger 122 in which an adsorbent 124 such as silica gel or zeolite, which is also called a desiccant heat exchanger, is stored. Inside the heat exchanger 122, a fluid heated by exhaust heat is stored. A carrying pipe 123 is guided. The adsorbent 124 stored in the heat exchanger 122 adsorbs, for example, a refrigerant that is water in the adsorption process, and desorbs and absorbs heat from a heated fluid that is, for example, warm water flowing in the pipe 123 in the desorption process. Vaporize (desorb) the refrigerant. The aggregator 114 also has a heat exchanger 142, and a pipe 143 that carries a fluid such as water or air is led into the heat exchanger 142. The aggregator 114 contains a refrigerant 118 and supplies the refrigerant adsorbed by the adsorbent 124 in the adsorber 112 in the adsorption process. Further, in the desorption process, the aggregator 114 condenses the refrigerant vaporized in the heat exchanger 122 of the adsorber 112 in the heat exchanger 142 through which the pipe 143 carrying the cooling flow is led, and the condensation heat thereof. Can be used to heat the fluid in the pipe 143.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-272732 JP 2002-100891 A

  In the adsorption heat pump, from the viewpoint of the efficiency of the heat pump, it is important that the refrigerant vaporized by depriving the amount of heat in the heat exchanger of the adsorber is condensed in the heat exchanger of the aggregator and the entire amount of heat is passed. However, in practice, a part of the refrigerant evaporated in the heat exchanger of the adsorber is condensed on the inner wall of the adsorber container as shown in FIG. 1 to cause dew condensation 119, thereby reducing the efficiency of the heat pump.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and prevents the refrigerant evaporated in the heat exchanger of the adsorber from condensing on the inner wall of the adsorber and improves the efficiency of the heat pump. It is an object of the present invention to provide an adsorption heat pump capable of performing the above-mentioned.

  An adsorption heat pump according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention includes an adsorber and an aggregator. The adsorption heat pump has a heat exchanger disposed in the adsorber, and further includes a first space that is provided in the adsorber, includes a heat exchanger, and communicates with the aggregator, and is provided in the adsorber. And a second space cut off from the first space through the structure.

  According to the disclosed embodiment, the refrigerant vaporized in the heat exchanger of the adsorber can be prevented from condensing on the inner wall of the adsorber, and the efficiency of the adsorption heat pump can be improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Corresponding elements are given the same or similar reference numerals throughout the drawings.

  The adsorption heat pump 10 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The adsorption heat pump 10 includes an adsorber 12 and an aggregator 14. The adsorber 12 and the aggregator 14 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 16, and a valve 17 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 16 as necessary. The aggregator 14 contains a refrigerant 18 that is, for example, water.

  The adsorber 12 includes a container 21 that forms an envelope, a heat exchanger 22, and a pipe 23 that guides a fluid heated by exhaust heat to the inside of the heat exchanger 22. The heat exchanger 22 is a heat exchanger storing an adsorbent 24 such as silica gel or zeolite, which is also called a desiccant heat exchanger, for example. The adsorbent 24 adsorbs the vapor of the refrigerant 18, for example, water vapor in the adsorption process, and takes heat from the heated fluid that is, for example, warm water flowing in the pipe 23 in the desorption process, and vaporizes the adsorbed refrigerant.

  The aggregator 14 includes a container 41 that forms an envelope, a heat exchanger 42, and a pipe 43 that guides a fluid such as water or air to the inside of the heat exchanger 42. The aggregator 14 supplies the refrigerant 18 that is adsorbed by the adsorbent 24 in the adsorber 12 in the adsorption process. Further, in the desorption process, the aggregator 14 condenses the refrigerant 18 vaporized in the heat exchanger 22 of the adsorber 12 in the heat exchanger 42 through which the pipe 43 is guided, and uses the heat of condensation. Thus, the fluid in the pipe 43 can be heated.

  In the adsorption heat pump 10, the heat exchanger 22 of the adsorber 12 is except for a part facing the aggregator 14, that is, a part 25 facing the space in the aggregator container 41 via the refrigerant pipe 16 and the valve 17. , Covered and closed with a structure 30 comprising a material such as metal or plastic. Here, the surface closed by the structure 30 on the opposite side of the exposed portion 25 of the heat exchanger 22 is referred to as a closed surface 26. The structure 30 is in contact with the heat exchanger 22, and the frame 32 having an opening 31 corresponding to the exposed portion 25 and the frame 32 are adsorbed so that the position of the opening 31 is aligned with the position of the refrigerant pipe 16. And a leg 33 attached to the container 21. The structure 30 forms one continuous body as a whole, and the adsorber 12 includes a first space 27 including the heat exchanger 22 and a first space 27 not including the heat exchanger 22 and sealed in the adsorber 12. It is separated into two spaces 28. In other words, the heat exchanger 22 is placed in the first space 27 that can communicate with the space in the aggregator 14 via the valve 17, and is cut off from the second space 28.

  By having the structure 30, the refrigerant 18 vaporized by the heat exchanger 22 of the adsorber 12 can be efficiently collected in the heat exchanger 42 of the aggregator 14 without being condensed on the inner wall of the adsorber container 21. it can.

  The sealed second space 28 reduces heat propagation between the outside air of the adsorber container 21 and the heat exchanger 22. From the viewpoint of such heat insulation, it is preferable that the second space 28 is in a vacuum state, similarly to the first space 27 and the space in the aggregator 14. The structure 30 is covered with a heat insulating material 34 on at least one of the heat exchanger 22 side and the adsorber container 21 side as shown in FIG. 2, and has a laminated structure of metal or plastic and the heat insulating material 34. It may be. Furthermore, the leg 33 of the structure 30 can be attached to the adsorber container 21 via the heat insulating material 35. For these heat insulating materials 34 and 35, a heat-insulating resin or adhesive, for example, silicone resin, polypropylene, ABS, POM, silicon rubber or the like can be used.

  By using one or a combination of such heat insulation structures, it is possible to reduce the propagation of heat between the heat exchanger 22 and the outside air of the adsorber 12, and to equalize the temperature in the heat exchanger 22. It is. This uniform temperature makes it possible to efficiently adsorb / desorb the refrigerant 18 throughout the heat exchanger 22.

  When the second space 28 in the adsorber 12 is evacuated, the structure 30 is preferably formed of metal or plastic having a sufficient thickness from the viewpoint of strength. The metal that can form the structure 30 includes, for example, copper, aluminum, or brass. For example, copper from the viewpoint of thermal conductivity, aluminum from the viewpoint of heat capacity, brass from the viewpoint of oxidation resistance and workability, and the like. Thus, it is selected according to the characteristics required for the adsorption heat pump 10.

  In addition, the adsorption heat pump which concerns on embodiment is not restricted to the form of FIG. 2, For example, you may have other forms, such as a form which has a coagulator and an evaporator separately.

  In the adsorption heat pump 10 shown in FIG. 2, the heat exchanger 22 of the adsorber 12 is covered and closed with a structure 30 except for the exposed portion 25 on the aggregator 14 side. For this reason, the adsorbent 24 on the closed surface 26 side does not directly contact the refrigerant vapor, for example, water vapor. In order to avoid a decrease in the adsorption / desorption amount of the refrigerant 18 and thus a decrease in the efficiency of the adsorption heat pump 10, the heat exchanger 22 of the adsorber 12 is preferably configured such that the refrigerant vapor passes through the exposed portion 25 and the closed surface 26. It has a configuration that facilitates reaching the adsorbent 24 on the side. This configuration is realized by filling the adsorbent 24 so as to improve the gas permeability on the exposed portion 25 side.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of a method for filling an adsorbent for improving gas permeability on the exposed portion 25 side. 3A shows a perspective view of the heat exchanger 22, and FIG. 3B shows a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3A when cut along a vertical plane.

  The heat exchanger 22 of the adsorber 12 includes an exposed portion 25 and a closing surface 26, and includes a radiator 52 having a plurality of fins 51. In the gap between the fins 51, the first adsorbent 24-1 is filled on the closed surface 26 side, and the second adsorbent 24-2 is filled on the exposed surface side. The layer 53 of the first adsorbent 24-1 and the layer 54 of the second adsorbent 24-2 are separated from each other by a mesh 55 made of metal, for example. A mesh 56 is also disposed in the exposed portion 25. The mesh 55 preferably has a mesh width smaller than the particle size of the first adsorbent 24-1, and the mesh 56 preferably has a mesh width smaller than the particle size of the second adsorbent 24-2. Meshes 55 and 56 may have the same design.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the two adsorbent layers 53 and 54 are made different by changing the particle diameter of the adsorbent particles between the first adsorbent 24-1 and the second adsorbent 24-2. It makes a difference in the bulk density. The adsorbents 24-1 and 24-2 are, for example, silica gel. Using silica gel having a particle size of 0.01 mm to 1 mm, the bulk density can be controlled in the range of 0.01 g / mL to 1.0 g / mL. The adsorbents 24-1 and 24-2 are classified in terms of particle size, and are filled so that the particle size increases from the closed surface 26 side toward the exposed portion 25 side. For example, the first adsorbent 24-1 has a particle size of 200 μm or less, and the second adsorbent 24-2 has a particle size of 200 to 400 μm. Further, for example, three or more adsorbent layers may be provided such that a third adsorbent layer having a particle size of 400 to 800 μm is provided on the exposed surface side. The adsorbent layer having a large particle size has larger voids between the adsorbent particles than the adsorbent layer having a small particle size, and the bulk density is small. Therefore, the second adsorbent layer 54 has higher gas permeability than the first adsorbent layer 53, and the refrigerant vapor can easily reach the first adsorbent 24-1 on the closed surface 26 side. .

  The adjustment of gas permeability is not limited to adjusting the particle size of the adsorbent particles, but may be performed by other methods for changing the density, bulk density, or filling rate of the adsorbent 24. For example, the content may be changed using silica gel having a particle size in the same range (for example, 200 to 400 μm). In the example of FIG. 3, a plurality of adsorbent layers are formed using the mesh 55, but an adhesive is used so as to change the bulk density of the adsorbent 24 stepwise or continuously without using the mesh 55. The adsorbent 24 may be fixed by use. The amount of the adhesive is preferably adjusted so that the pores on the particle surface blocked by the adhesive are less than half.

  In this way, by filling the adsorbent 24 so as to increase the gas permeability on the exposed portion 25 side, the diffusibility of the refrigerant vapor in the heat exchanger 22 of the adsorber 12 is enhanced, and the adsorption on the closed surface 26 side. The agent can also efficiently adsorb / desorb the refrigerant. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the surface area of the adsorbent that is actually adsorbed / desorbed as compared with the heat exchanger 22 as compared with the case where the adsorbent is uniformly and densely packed in the heat exchanger 22.

  The adsorption heat pump 10 shown in FIG. 2 suppresses or avoids a decrease in the amount of adsorption / desorption of the refrigerant 18 by filling the adsorbent 24 so as to increase the gas permeability on the exposed portion 25 side of the heat exchanger 22. However, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant 18 from condensing on the inner wall of the adsorber container 21. By such a filling method of the adsorbent 24, the efficiency of the adsorption heat pump 10 can be further improved.

As shown in FIG. 4, as the adsorber container 21 and the aggregator container 41, two polyacetal containers (thickness 20 mm) each having a size of 400 × 400 × 150 mm ³ are connected by the refrigerant pipe 16. did. Inside the aggregator 14, a heat exchanger 42 (fin pitch 1 mm) having a size of 200 × 200 × 30 mm ³ was installed. In the adsorber 12, a heat exchanger 22 having the same size as the heat exchanger 42 of the aggregator 14 and having a brass plate 32 stretched on the upper surface and the side surface is disposed. The heat exchanger 22 was fixed to the adsorber container 21 by using a leg portion 33 made of a brass plate so that the distance between the bottom surface and the adsorber container 21 was 15 mm. A silicone resin was interposed between the leg 33 and the adsorber container 21 as a heat insulating material (see 35 in FIG. 2).

  The heat exchanger 22 of the adsorber 12 has a two-layer structure, each layer is separated by a metal mesh (mesh width 0.2 mm, line width 0.4 mm), and each layer is filled with silica gel as an adsorbent. Silica gels having different particle diameters were prepared, and filled with particles of φ0.6 to 0.8 mm and φ0.4 to 0.6 mm in order from the side facing the aggregator 14.

  The heat exchangers 22 and 42 of the adsorber 12 and the aggregator 14 are connected to an external pump via pipes 23 and 43, respectively, and the insides of the adsorption container 21 and the aggregator container 41 are depressurized, respectively. Water was injected into the container 41 as a refrigerant.

  After the above installation work of the adsorption heat pump, an operation test was conducted to evaluate the state of condensation. First, as a process for adsorbing water vapor onto silica gel, water at 30 ° C. is passed through the pipe 43 of the aggregator (evaporator) 14 and water at 20 ° C. is passed through the pipe 23 of the adsorber 12. The evaporated water was adsorbed on silica gel. Next, as a process for desorbing water vapor from silica gel, water at 100 ° C. is caused to flow through the pipe 23 of the adsorber 12, water at 20 ° C. is caused to flow through the pipe 43 of the aggregator 14, and water is evaporated from the silica gel. It was made to coagulate with the heat exchanger 42 of. Confirm that the drainage from the pipe 23 of the adsorber 12 has a lower temperature than the incoming water, and the drainage from the pipe 43 of the aggregator 14 has a higher temperature than the incoming water, and that there is no problem in the operation as a heat pump. did. And it confirmed that there was no dew condensation in adsorption machine 12.

  Although the embodiment has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims. is there.

It is a figure which shows roughly the adsorption type heat pump which concerns on a prior art. It is a figure showing roughly the adsorption type heat pump concerning an embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the filling method of adsorption agent. It is a figure which shows the adsorption type heat pump which concerns on one Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Adsorption-type heat pump 12 Adsorber 14 Aggregator 16 Refrigerant piping 17 Valve 18 Refrigerant 21, 41 Container 22, 42 Heat exchanger 23, 43 Piping 24, 24-1, 24-2 Adsorbent 25 Exposed part 26 of heat exchanger Heat exchanger closing surfaces 27 and 28 Space 30 in adsorber Structure 31 Opening portion 32 Frame portion 33 Leg portions 34 and 35 Insulating material 53 and 54 Adsorbent layer 55 and 56 mesh

Claims (5)

An adsorption heat pump having an adsorber and an aggregator,
A heat exchanger disposed in the adsorber vessel ;
A structure that is disposed in the adsorber vessel and exposes the aggregator side to cover the heat exchanger;
A first space in the adsorber vessel surrounded by the structure , including the heat exchanger and communicating with the agglomerator;
And wherein the structure is formed between the adsorber vessel and the second space of the first of the adsorber vessel that is blocked through the structure from the space,
An adsorption heat pump comprising: Adsorption heat pump according to claim 1 wherein the structure, characterized in that attached via a heat insulating material to said suction Utsuwayo device.   The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, wherein the structure has a laminated structure including a metal and a heat insulating material. The heat exchanger has an adsorbent;
The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adsorbent on the exposed side facing the aggregator has higher gas permeability than the opposite side of the exposed side.   The adsorption heat pump according to claim 4, wherein the adsorbent on the exposed side is filled with a coarser density than the opposite side.

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