JP3831964B2 - Adsorption type refrigerator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an adsorption refrigerator that efficiently cools an evaporator by providing a plurality of stages of adsorbers.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as this type of adsorption refrigerator, two adsorbers filled with an adsorbent such as silica gel or zeolite are provided, and the adsorber for performing the adsorption process is connected to the evaporator, and the desorption process Is configured by connecting an adsorber that performs the above operation with a capacitor.
[0003]
In this case, since the gas refrigerant evaporated by the evaporator is adsorbed by the adsorber that performs the adsorption process, the refrigerant continues to evaporate in the evaporator, and the gas refrigerant is supplied to the condenser from the adsorber that performs the desorption process. Since it is liquefied, the cooling action of the evaporator can be continued by supplying the refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator.
[0004]
Then, the desorption process is performed by heating the adsorber after the adsorption process is completed, and the adsorption process is performed by cooling the adsorber after the desorption process is completed. Thus, the gas refrigerant generated in the evaporator can be adsorbed by the adsorber that has performed the adsorption process, and the gas refrigerant can be supplied to the condenser from the adsorber that has performed the desorption process. Therefore, the cooling action of the evaporator can be continued.
[0005]
Accordingly, by blowing air into the vehicle interior through the evaporator, heat exchange is performed between the air passing through the evaporator and the refrigerant evaporating in the evaporator, so that cool air can be blown into the vehicle interior.
[0006]
By the way, although the cooling capacity of the evaporator depends on the refrigerant adsorption rate of the adsorbent, since the refrigerant adsorption rate of the adsorbent is low, it is necessary to fill the adsorber with a large amount of adsorbent in order to increase the cooling capacity of the evaporator. However, there is a drawback that the adsorber becomes larger and the weight increases.
[0007]
Therefore, a plurality of adsorbers are provided in multiple stages, and the pre-stage adsorber connected to the evaporator is cooled by the post-stage adsorber to increase the refrigerant adsorption rate of the pre-stage adsorber and connected to the pre-stage adsorber. Adsorption-type refrigerators that improve the cooling capacity of the evaporator are considered.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above conventional configuration, a plurality of subsequent adsorbers are provided corresponding to the first and second adsorbers, and all the adsorbers are maintained in vacuum, and an evaporator and a capacitor are provided. It is necessary to selectively connect each adsorber with a vacuum pipe and a switching valve. For this reason, it is difficult to control the degree of vacuum of the vacuum system equipment, and there is a drawback that the apparatus is increased in size.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to cool these adsorbers in addition to an adsorber that adsorbs the gas refrigerant evaporated by the evaporator and an adsorber that supplies the gas refrigerant to the condenser. Adsorption type refrigerator having a vacuum system such as a plurality of adsorbers and maintaining the inside of these vacuum systems in a vacuum with easy management of the degree of vacuum and miniaturization of the whole Is to provide.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the invention of claim 1, since vacuum system equipment such as an evaporator, a condenser, an adsorber, and a plurality of switching valves are housed in one vacuum container, all that is required is to manage the vacuum degree of the vacuum container. The vacuum degree of the vacuum system equipment can be managed.
[0011]
In addition , the cover attached to the vacuum vessel is provided with a fluid flow path for supplying heating / cooling fluid to a predetermined device, so that the piping work can be simplified and the size can be reduced. Can do.
[0012]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since a fluid flow path for supplying heating / cooling fluid to a predetermined device can be provided on the surface of the vacuum vessel, it is not necessary to provide a special pipe.
[0013]
According to the invention of claim 3 , since the wall surface constituting the adsorber is heated by the heating means, it is possible to prevent water droplets from adhering to the wall of the adsorber and to improve the adsorption capacity of the refrigerant by the adsorber. Can do.
[0014]
According to the invention of claim 4 , since the wall surface constituting the adsorber can be heated by the heating fluid, the adsorbing capacity of the refrigerant by the adsorber can be improved without providing any special heating means.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a description will be given of a first embodiment of the present invention is applied to a vehicle air conditioner with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 2 schematically shows the overall connection relationship. In FIG. 2, the outlet of the condenser 1 and the inlet of the evaporator 2 are connected, and water as a refrigerant condensed in the condenser 1 is supplied to the evaporator 2 as will be described later.
[0016]
Further, the inlet of the condenser 1 and the outlet of the evaporator 2 are connected to the first adsorber 4 and the second adsorber 5 via the four-way valve 3, respectively. In this case, in a state where the four-way valve 3 is switched as illustrated, the capacitor 1 is connected to the first adsorber 4 and the evaporator 2 is connected to the second adsorber 5.
On the other hand, a third adsorber 6 and a fourth adsorber 7 are provided corresponding to the first adsorber 4 and the second adsorber 5, respectively.
[0017]
These first to fourth adsorbers 4 to 7 have a built-in cooling and heating tube 8 and an adsorbent 9 is housed so as to surround the cooling and heating tube 8. The adsorbent 9 is made of silica gel, zeolite, or the like, and exhibits an adsorption action for adsorbing a refrigerant such as water at a low temperature and a desorption action for desorbing the refrigerant at a high temperature.
[0018]
Here, the outlet of the cooling and heating pipe 8 of the first and second adsorbers 4 and 5 is a heat transfer pipe built in the intermediate heat exchanger 12 via the four-way valve 10 and the engine radiator or pump 11. 13 inlets are connected. The inlets of the cooling and heating pipes 8 of the first and second adsorbers 4 and 5 are connected to the outlet of the heat transfer pipe 13 of the intermediate heat exchanger 12 via a three-way valve 14. In this case, in a state where the four-way valve 10 and the three-way valve 14 are switched as illustrated, the heat transfer tube 13 of the intermediate heat exchanger 12 is connected to the cooling heating tube 8 of the second adsorber 5.
[0019]
Water is stored in the intermediate heat exchanger 12, and the third and fourth adsorption units 6 and 7 through the four-way valve 15 or the third and fourth adsorption units through the condenser 16 and the four-way valve 15. Connected to devices 6 and 7. In this case, when the four-way valve 15 is switched as shown, the intermediate heat exchanger 11 is connected to the fourth adsorber 7 and is connected to the third adsorber 6 via the capacitor 16. Yes.
[0020]
The inlet of the cooling and heating pipe 8 of the third adsorber 6 is connected to the outlet of the engine or radiator 19 via a four-way valve 17. Further, the outlet of the cooling and heating pipe 8 of the third adsorber 6 is connected to the inlet of the cooling and heating pipe 8 of the first adsorber 4 or the inlet of the radiator 19 via a three-way valve 18. . In this case, when the four-way valve 17 and the three-way valve 18 are switched as shown, the cooling heating pipe 8 of the third adsorber 6 is connected to the engine or the cooling heating pipe 8 of the first adsorber 4. Has been.
[0021]
The inlet of the cooling and heating pipe 8 of the fourth adsorber 7 is connected to the outlet of the engine or radiator 19 via a four-way valve 17. The outlet of the cooling heating pipe 8 of the fourth adsorber 7 is connected to the inlet of the cooling heating pipe 8 of the second adsorber 5 or the inlet of the radiator 19 via the three-way valve 20. . In this case, in the state where the four-way valve 17 and the three-way valve 20 are switched as shown in the figure, the cooling and heating pipe 8 of the fourth adsorber 7 is connected to the radiator 19.
Further, the condenser 1 is connected to a radiator 19, and the condenser 1 is cooled by circulation of cooling water between the condenser 1 and the radiator 1.
[0022]
Here, the condenser 1, the evaporator 2, the first to fourth adsorbers 4 to 7, the intermediate heat exchanger 12, the condenser 16, the four-way valves 3 and 15, and the pipes connecting these vacuum system devices Is maintained in a vacuum state.
[0023]
The operation of the above configuration will be briefly described. In this case, the first and third adsorbers 4 and 6 located on the left side in the figure perform the desorption process, and the second and fourth adsorbers 5 and 7 located on the right side in the figure perform the adsorption process. It is connected.
[0024]
That is, in the connection relationship of FIG. 2, the evaporator 2 is connected to the second adsorber 5, so that the water vapor in the evaporator 2 is adsorbed by the adsorbing action of the adsorbent 9 in the second adsorber 5. Thereby, since the water vapor pressure in the evaporator 2 is lowered, the evaporation of water in the evaporator 2 is promoted, and the evaporator 2 exhibits a cooling action accordingly.
[0025]
At this time, the cooling water circulates between the second adsorber 4 and the intermediate heat exchanger 12 according to the driving of the pump 11, so that the adsorbent 9 of the second adsorber 4 is cooled. Thereby, even if the adsorbent 12 generates heat when adsorbing the water vapor evaporated by the evaporator 2, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent 12 can be maintained.
[0026]
Further, since the capacitor 1 is connected to the first adsorber 4 and the first adsorber 4 is heated by the supply of engine cooling water, it is adsorbed by the adsorbent 9 of the first adsorber 4. Water is desorbed as water vapor. As a result, water is supplied to the condenser 1, so that the water vapor is liquefied into water in the condenser 1 and supplied to the evaporator 2.
Therefore, since water can be supplied from the condenser 1 to the evaporator 2, the cooling action of the evaporator 2 can be continued.
[0027]
On the other hand, the intermediate heat exchanger 12 is connected to the fourth adsorber 7, and the water stored in the intermediate heat exchanger 12 is adsorbed by the adsorbent 9 accommodated in the fourth adsorber 7. Evaporation is promoted and the intermediate heat exchanger 12 is cooled.
At this time, since the cooling water passing through the fourth adsorber 7 is cooled by the radiator 19, the fourth adsorber 7 is cooled, whereby the intermediate heat exchanger 12 by the fourth adsorber 7 is cooled. The cooling action can be continued.
[0028]
Further, since the third adsorber 5 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 12 via the condenser 1 and is heated by the engine cooling water, the water adsorbed by the adsorbent 9 of the third adsorber 5 is removed. By desorbing it as water vapor and supplying it to the condenser 16, water can be supplied from the condenser 16 to the intermediate heat exchanger 12.
[0029]
With the above operation, the cooling of the second adsorber 5 by the intermediate heat exchanger 12 can be continued, and the adsorbent 9 of the second adsorber 4 is sufficiently cooled to lower the water adsorption rate. Since this can be prevented, the cooling efficiency of the evaporator 2 can be increased.
[0030]
Then, by switching a predetermined valve when a predetermined time has elapsed, the first and third adsorbers 4 and 6 are caused to perform an adsorption process, and the second and fourth adsorbers 5 and 7 are desorbed. By performing this, the cooling effect of the evaporator 2 can be continuously exhibited.
[0031]
In this embodiment, the condenser 1, the evaporator 2, the first to fourth adsorbers 4 to 7, the intermediate heat exchanger 12, the condenser 16, and the switching valve are configured in a single vacuum vessel. It is characterized by doing.
That is, FIG. 1 shows a vacuum vessel. In FIG. 1, the vacuum vessel 21 is partitioned vertically by an upper and lower partition plate 22. In this case, the lower side of the upper and lower partition plates 22 is partitioned into three rooms, and the condenser 1, the evaporator 2, and the intermediate heat exchanger 12 are configured in each room.
[0032]
Moreover, the upper side of the upper and lower partition plates 22 is partitioned into four rooms so as to intersect with the lower room, and first to fourth adsorbers 4 to 7 are configured in each room.
Here, as shown in FIG. 3, first and second windows 23 and 24 are formed at portions of the upper and lower partition plates 22 that partition the capacitor 1 and the first and second adsorbers 4 and 5, respectively. The windows 23 and 24 are opened and closed by a door 25. In this case, the capacitor 1 and the first adsorber 4 communicate with each other when the first window 23 is open, and the capacitor 1 and the second adsorber 5 communicate with each other when the second window 24 is open (FIG. 4).
[0033]
In addition, a third window 26 and a fourth window 27 are formed in the upper and lower partition plates 22 where the evaporator 2 and the first and second adsorbers 4 and 5 are partitioned, respectively. Is opened and closed by the door 25. In this case, the evaporator 2 and the first adsorber 4 communicate with each other when the third window 26 is open, and the evaporator 2 and the second adsorber 5 communicate with each other when the fourth window 27 is open.
[0034]
Further, fifth and sixth windows 28 and 29 are formed at the portions of the upper and lower partition plates 22 that partition the intermediate heat exchanger 12 and the first and fourth adsorbers 4 and 7, respectively. And 29 are opened and closed by the door 25. In this case, the intermediate heat exchanger 12 and the third adsorber 6 communicate with each other when the fifth window 28 is open, and the intermediate heat exchanger 12 and the fourth adsorber 7 with the sixth window 29 open. And communicate.
[0035]
Although not shown in the figure, the capacitor 1 is integrally provided with the capacitor 16, and the intermediate heat exchanger 12 is connected to either the third adsorber 6 or the fourth adsorber 7 via the capacitor 16. It is designed to communicate selectively with crab.
[0036]
That is, in the upper and lower partition plates 22, seventh and eighth windows 29a and 29b are formed at portions that partition the capacitor 16 and the third and fourth adsorbers 6 and 7, respectively, and the windows 29a and 29b. Is opened and closed by a door 25. In this case, the capacitor 16 and the third adsorber 6 communicate with each other when the seventh window 29a is open, and the capacitor 16 and the fourth adsorber 7 communicate with each other when the eighth window 29b is open.
[0037]
Then, piping is connected to the capacitors 1 and 16, the intermediate heat exchanger 12, and the first to fourth adsorbers 4 to 7 configured in the vacuum container 21 so as to satisfy the connection relationship shown in FIG. 1. ing.
That is, the capacitor 1 is connected to the radiator 19 through the pipes 30 and 31.
[0038]
The intermediate heat exchanger 12 is connected to the four-way valve 10 through a pipe 32 and is connected to the three-way valve 14 through a pipe 33.
The evaporator 2 is connected to an indoor heat exchanger provided on the vehicle interior side through pipes 34 and 35.
[0039]
The first adsorber 4 is connected to the four-way valve 10 through a pipe 36 and is connected to the three-way valve 14 and the three-way valve 18 through a pipe 37.
The second adsorber 5 is connected to the four-way valve 10 through a pipe 38 and is connected to the three-way valve 14 and the three-way valve 20 through a pipe 39.
The third adsorber 6 is connected to the four-way valve 17 through the pipe 40 and is connected to the three-way valve 18 through the pipe 41.
The fourth adsorber 7 is connected to the four-way valve 17 through a pipe 42 and is connected to the three-way valve 20 through a pipe 43.
The illustration of the pump 11 shown in FIG. 2 is omitted.
[0041]
Incidentally, in the vacuum vessel 21 shown in FIG. 1, piping for supplying engine cooling water to the condenser 1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 12 among the pipings 30 to 43 connected to the vacuum vessel 21 as shown in FIG. 5. The resin cover 44 is mounted in a form in which 30 to 33 are removed.
[0042]
Here, the resin cover 44 is provided with piping ports 45 and 46 for connecting to the radiator 19 and piping ports (not shown) for connecting to the engine side, and corresponds to the piping 30 to 33. The fluid flow paths 47 to 50 (see FIG. 6) are integrally provided, and the fluid flow paths 47 to 50 are connected to the condenser 1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 12.
[0043]
According to the above configuration, in order to cool the evaporator 2, all the vacuum system devices are 1 in the configuration in which the vacuum system devices such as the first to fourth adsorbers 4 to 7 and the intermediate heat exchanger 12 are provided. Since it is configured to be housed in one vacuum vessel 21, unlike the conventional example in which the vacuum system equipment is configured independently, maintenance and management of the vacuum system equipment can be easily performed.
Moreover, as it can be provided and along a fluid flow path 47 to 50 to the surface of the resin cover 44, it is possible to suppress protrusion of the piping, it is possible to achieve the overall miniaturization Te following.
[0044]
FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The second embodiment is characterized in that piping is integrally formed on the surface of the vacuum vessel 21.
That is, ribs 51 that also serve to improve the strength are formed on the metal surface of the vacuum vessel 21, and the fluid flow paths 52 are formed by the ribs 51.
According to such a configuration, it is not necessary to provide piping integrally with the resin cover 44, and the overall size can be further reduced.
[0045]
8 and 9 show a third embodiment of the present invention. The third embodiment is characterized in that the vacuum vessel 21 is configured to heat the inner wall surface of the room constituting the adsorber.
[0046]
That is, a water vapor condensation prevention flow path 54 is formed on the surface of the vacuum vessel 21 as a heating means (fluid flow path) for allowing high-temperature engine cooling water to pass through the ribs 53. In this case, as the engine cooling water supplied to the water vapor condensation prevention channel 54, the engine cooling water used for the regeneration of the adsorbent 9 is passed through the water vapor condensation prevention channel 54 and then returned to the engine side.
[0047]
According to such a structure, since the inner wall surface of the room which comprises the 1st-4th adsorbers 4-7 can be heated, water vapor | steam condenses on an inner wall surface, and cooling capacity will fall. Can be prevented. That is, when the inner wall surface of the vacuum vessel 21 is at a low temperature, the water vapor in the room is condensed and stays in the form of water droplets. It is because it will be performed between the water droplets adhering to the inner wall surface and the cooling capacity will be reduced.
[0048]
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified or expanded as follows.
You may make it apply to the adsorption | suction type refrigerator of the structure which cools a front | former stage adsorber by a back | latter stage adsorber, without using the intermediate heat exchanger 12. FIG.
In the fourth embodiment, as a heating means for heating the chamber of the vacuum vessel 21, an electric heater or exhaust heat of the engine may be used.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an overall configuration in a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an overall connection relationship. FIG. 3 is a plan view of upper and lower partition plates. perspective view FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the entire FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the whole showing a second embodiment of a perspective view showing a cross-section of the fluid passage 7 present invention the upper and lower partition plate to 8 The perspective view which cuts and shows the principal part in 3rd Example of this invention [FIG. 9] The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the principal part [Explanation of a code | symbol]
1 is a condenser, 2 is an evaporator, 4 to 7 are adsorbers, 9 is an adsorbent, 12 is an intermediate heat exchanger, 21 is a vacuum vessel, 30 to 43 are piping, 44 is a resin cover, and 47 to 50 are fluid flow paths , 54 are water vapor condensation prevention flow paths (heating means, fluid flow paths).

Claims (4)

An evaporator for evaporating the liquid refrigerant;
A condenser that liquefies the gaseous refrigerant and gives it to the evaporator;
An adsorption process is provided to alternately execute an adsorption process and a desorption process, and an adsorbent that adsorbs the gas refrigerant evaporated by the evaporator by executing the adsorption process and gives the gas refrigerant to the capacitor by executing the desorption process is stored. A first adsorber and a second adsorber;
Third and fourth adsorbers provided to cool the adsorbers that are provided corresponding to the first and second adsorbers and perform the adsorption process;
In the adsorption refrigeration machine comprising the evaporator, the condenser, and a plurality of switching valves for switching the connection relationship of the first to fourth adsorbers,
The evaporator, the condenser, the first to fourth adsorbers, and the plurality of switching valves are housed in a single vacuum container ,
A cover to be attached to the vacuum vessel;
An adsorption refrigeration machine, wherein a fluid flow path for supplying heating / cooling fluid to a predetermined device is provided integrally with the cover . An evaporator for evaporating the liquid refrigerant;
A condenser that liquefies the gaseous refrigerant and gives it to the evaporator;
An adsorption process is provided to alternately execute an adsorption process and a desorption process, and an adsorbent that adsorbs the gas refrigerant evaporated by the evaporator by executing the adsorption process and gives the gas refrigerant to the capacitor by executing the desorption process is stored. A first adsorber and a second adsorber;
Third and fourth adsorbers provided to cool the adsorbers that are provided corresponding to the first and second adsorbers and perform the adsorption process;
In the adsorption refrigeration machine comprising the evaporator, the condenser, and a plurality of switching valves for switching the connection relationship of the first to fourth adsorbers,
The evaporator, the condenser, the first to fourth adsorbers, and the plurality of switching valves are housed in a single vacuum container,
An adsorption refrigeration machine, wherein a fluid flow path for supplying a heating / cooling fluid to a predetermined device is integrally provided on a surface of the vacuum vessel . An evaporator for evaporating the liquid refrigerant;
A condenser that liquefies the gaseous refrigerant and gives it to the evaporator;
An adsorption process is provided to alternately execute an adsorption process and a desorption process, and an adsorbent that adsorbs the gas refrigerant evaporated by the evaporator by executing the adsorption process and gives the gas refrigerant to the capacitor by executing the desorption process is stored. A first adsorber and a second adsorber;
Third and fourth adsorbers provided to cool the adsorbers that are provided corresponding to the first and second adsorbers and perform the adsorption process;
In the adsorption refrigeration machine comprising the evaporator, the condenser, and a plurality of switching valves for switching the connection relationship of the first to fourth adsorbers,
The evaporator, the condenser, the first to fourth adsorbers, and the plurality of switching valves are housed in a single vacuum container,
Heating means for heating the surface of the vacuum vessel;
An adsorption refrigerator that heats the inner wall surface of the adsorber by the heating means . The heating means includes
A heating fluid passage through which the heating fluid passes is provided on the surface of the vacuum vessel,
The adsorption refrigerator according to claim 3, wherein the heating fluid channel and a wall surface constituting the adsorber are provided in a heat transfer manner in the vacuum vessel .

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