JP4938962B2 - ゲッタリング反応物を用いるaldによる金属窒化物堆積 - Google Patents
ゲッタリング反応物を用いるaldによる金属窒化物堆積 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4938962B2 JP4938962B2 JP2003530012A JP2003530012A JP4938962B2 JP 4938962 B2 JP4938962 B2 JP 4938962B2 JP 2003530012 A JP2003530012 A JP 2003530012A JP 2003530012 A JP2003530012 A JP 2003530012A JP 4938962 B2 JP4938962 B2 JP 4938962B2
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- metal
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- ald
- pulse
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 169
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 169
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 title claims description 111
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- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 title claims description 72
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 116
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 99
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 80
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical group CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CFOAUMXQOCBWNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Si] Chemical compound [B].[Si] CFOAUMXQOCBWNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
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- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GXQCGPVEDZFCGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine;dihydrochloride Chemical group Cl.Cl.N1=CC=C2CNCC2=C1 GXQCGPVEDZFCGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSWMGHRLUYADNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical compound C1CCNC2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C21 WSWMGHRLUYADNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SUAKQNLRMOWBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trimethylsilyl)boranyl-trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)B([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C SUAKQNLRMOWBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RKLSGKOUKYOIRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylboron Chemical group [B]CCCC RKLSGKOUKYOIRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NBJFDNVXVFBQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-I molybdenum pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Mo](F)(F)(F)F NBJFDNVXVFBQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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- GVGCUCJTUSOZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen trifluoride Chemical compound FN(F)F GVGCUCJTUSOZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NFVUDQKTAWONMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentafluorovanadium Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[V+5] NFVUDQKTAWONMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、一般的に、交互自己飽和化学反応(alternated self-saturating chemistries)によって基体上に薄膜を堆積することに関する。より詳細には、本発明は、薄膜形成の間に腐食性化学種を使用する一方で原子層堆積(Atomic Layer Deposition)(ALD)により基体上に堆積した薄膜に関する。
初めは原子層エピタキシー(Atomic Layer Epitaxy)(ALE)として公知である、原子層堆積(Atomic Layer Deposition)(ALD)は、気相成長の進歩した形態である。ALDプロセスは、一連の自己飽和表面反応(sequential self-saturated surface reactions)に基づく。これらのプロセスの例は、米国特許第4,058,430および5,711,811に詳細に記載される。記載される堆積プロセスは、システムを迅速にする、不活性キャリアおよびパージングガスの使用によって利益を得る。該プロセスの自己飽和性質のために、ALDは、原子的に薄いレベルの膜のほぼ完全にコンフォーマルな(conformal)堆積を可能とする。
本発明の一つの局面に従って、反応空間において基体上に物質を堆積するための方法が提供される。基体は、ハロゲン化物攻撃に対して感受性である表面を有し得る。本方法は、複数の堆積サイクルにおいて反応物の交互パルスを提供することを包含し、ここで、各サイクルは、以下を含む:
第一反応物が反応空間に供給され、基体の表面上にわたって約1以下の単層の金属種を化学吸着する第一相;
第二反応物が反応空間に供給される第二相;および
単層からハロゲン化物をゲッタリングし得る化学物質が反応空間に供給される第三相であって、ここで、第1相は第3相によって直ちに続かれない。
本開示は、ALD型プロセスによって、特に感受性表面上に金属薄膜を堆積するための方法を教示する。当業者は、本発明の方法が多数の文脈において用途を有することを理解する。
本明細書のために、“ALDプロセス”は、表面上への材料の堆積が一連のおよび交互の自己飽和表面反応(sequential and alternating self-saturating surface reaction)に基づくプロセスを意味する。ALDの一般的な原理は、例えば、米国特許第4,058,430および5,711,811に開示されており、その開示は、本明細書中で参考として援用される。一般に、ALDのための条件は、基体が、ソースガスが凝縮する温度を超え、そしてソースガスが熱分解する温度より低い、温度ウインドウを含む。
ハロゲン化物は、一般的に、そして特に遷移金属ハロゲン化物は、それらの高い揮発性および熱分解に対する耐久性のために、ALDのための魅力的なソース化学物質(source chemicals)である。これらのハロゲン化物のうち、室温付近で液体または気体である化合物(例えば、TiCl4およびWF6)は、それらがソース容器で固体粒子を発生させないので好ましい。それらの揮発性に加えて、多くのこのようなハロゲン化物化合物は、特にALDプロセッシングのために有用であり、何故ならばそれらは、関心のある化学種(例えば、金属含有化学種)の化学吸着(chemisorption)を可能にし、ハロゲン化物テイル(halide tails)で終結する(terminated)化学種の1以下の単層を残すからである。ハロゲン化物テイルは、関心のある化学種のさらなる化学吸着または反応を防止し、その結果、該プロセスは適切な温度条件下で自己飽和(self-saturating)および自己制限式(self-limiting)である。
一つの局面において、本発明は、基体の表面上へのALDによる金属炭化物、金属窒化物および金属ナイトライドカーバイド薄膜のような金属性薄膜の堆積を含む。1つの実施形態において、該薄膜は、ナノラミネートを形成する。詳細には、好ましい実施形態は、ハロゲン化物、特にハロゲン化水素および/またはハロゲン化アンモニウムの存在下で腐食に敏感である感受性表面を含む基体上への堆積を含む。このような感受性表面は、例えば、アルミニウムおよび銅のような金属、ならびに酸化ケイ素および窒化ケイ素のようなケイ素化合物を含む。以下により詳細に記載されるように、感受性表面は、一般的に、表面とハロゲン化水素またはハロゲン化アンモニウムとの間の反応について、負またはほぼゼロのギブスの自由エネルギー(ΔGf)を有することを特徴とする。
ナノラミネートは、増強された拡散バリア特性(diffusion barrier properties)を有する層状構造である。ナノラミネートは、複数の薄膜からなり、そして堆積の間の通常の結晶成長の中断(disruption)によって不純物についての非常に複雑な拡散経路を作製するように構築される。従って、ナノラミネートは、例えば異なる結晶構造および異なる結晶格子パラメータを有する、異なる相の交互薄膜層を備える。
本明細書中で示される方法は、基体表面におけるコンフォーマルな金属薄膜およびナノラミネートの堆積を可能にする。好ましい実施形態において、薄膜は、感受性表面上の攻撃的な化学物質から堆積される。幾何学的に難しい応用が、表面反応の自己制限式(self-limited)性質のために、可能である。
一般的に、ソース材料、(例えば、金属ソース材料、ハロゲン保有ソース材料およびゲッタリング剤)は、好ましくは、ALDによる堆積を行うための化合物の、十分な蒸気圧、基体温度での十分な熱的安定性および十分な反応性を提供するように選択される。“十分な蒸気圧”は、気相の十分なソース化学物質分子を基体表面へ供給し、所望の速度での表面での自己飽和反応を可能にする。“十分な熱的安定性”は、ソース化学物質自体が表面において成長妨害凝縮性(growth-disturbing condensable)相を形成しないこと、または熱分解によって基体表面に有害なレベルの不純物を残さないことを意味する。言い換えると、温度は、凝縮限界より上、かつ選択される反応物蒸気の熱分解限界未満に維持される。1つの目的は、基体上の分子の制御されない凝縮(condensation)を回避することである。“十分な反応性”は、商業的に許容可能なスループット時間を可能にするに十分に短いパルスにおいて自己飽和を生じさせる。さらなる選択基準は、高純度な化学物質の入手可能性および化学物質のハンドリングの容易性を含む。
金属薄膜(例えば、遷移金属窒化物層)は、好ましくは、金属ソース材料から調製される。より好ましくは、これらは、元素周期表の3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11および/または12族の遷移金属の揮発性またはガス状化合物から調製される。金属薄膜層はまた、Cu、Ru、Pt、Pd、Ag、Auおよび/またはIrを含む出発材料から作製され得る。より好ましくは、金属および金属窒化物ソース材料は、遷移金属ハロゲン化物を含む。
化学種提供反応物は、一般に、金属薄膜中に所望される化学種(例えば、酸素、窒素または炭素)を含む。さらに、化学種提供化合物は、好ましくは、揮発性またはガス状である。金属窒化物堆積の場合、化学種提供化合物は、好ましくは、金属窒化物堆積プロセスへ窒素を提供する。金属窒化物堆積の場合、例えば、アンモニアは、揮発性および高反応性の両方であり、第一反応物からの化学吸着された化学種との迅速な反応を促進する。金属窒化物薄膜の堆積のための化学種提供反応物は、好ましくは、以下の群から選択される:
・アンモニア(NH3);
・アンモニアの塩、好ましくはハロゲン化物塩、特に、フッ化アンモニウムまたは塩化アンモニウム;
・アジ化水素(HN3)および該化合物のアルキル誘導体(例えば、CH3N3);
・ヒドラジン(N2H4)およびヒドラジンの塩(例えば、ヒドラジンヒドロクロリド);
・ヒドラジンの有機誘導体(例えば、ジメチルヒドラジン);
・フッ化窒素(NF3);
・第1級、第2級および第3級アミン(例えば、メチルアミン、ジエチルアミンおよびトリエチルアミン);
・窒素ラジカル(例えば、NH2 *、NH**およびN***、ここで“*”は、結合を形成し得る自由電子を意味する);ならびに
・窒素(N)を含む他の励起化学種。
ゲッタリング剤は、好ましくは、腐食性または他の所望でない化学種を、例えば、基体表面および/または反応空間からスカベンジし得る。さらに、ゲッタリング剤は、成長する薄膜に、化学種(例えば、炭素)を提供し得る。
使用され得るホウ素化合物の一つのクラスは、ボラン類(BxHy)である。
ハロゲン(例えば、金属ハロゲン化物、ハロゲン化水素またはハロゲン化アンモニウム由来)とTEB分子の中心ホウ素原子との反応によって形成される、ハロゲン化ホウ素;
ハロゲン(例えば、金属ハロゲン化物、ハロゲン化水素またはハロゲン化アンモニウム由来)とTEB分子のエチル基との反応によって形成される、ハロゲン化エチル;
あるいは
水素(例えば、ハロゲン化水素分子由来)とTEB分子のエチル基との反応によって形成される、エタン。
例えばケイ素に結合されたアルキル基を有するケイ素化合物は、ゲッタリング剤として使用され得る。ハロゲン化水素分子との各反応は、1つのケイ素−炭素結合を消費すると考えられる。従って、揮発性ケイ素化合物から選択されるゲッタリング剤は、少なくとも1つのケイ素−炭素結合を有する。
ゲルマニウムへ結合されたアルキル基を有する化合物、ならびにアルキルスズ化合物は、ハロゲン化物、ハロゲンまたはハロゲン化水素をゲッタリングすることが可能であり得る。従って、ゲッタリング剤は、揮発性ゲルマニウムおよびスズ化合物から選択され得る。このようなゲッタリング剤は、好ましくは、少なくとも1つのゲルマニウム−炭素またはスズ−炭素結合を有する。
アルキルアルミニウム、ガリウムまたはインジウム化合物は、ゲッタリング剤として使用され得る。しかし、トリメチルアルミニウム(TMA)のような、これらの化合物の使用は、表面上に炭素を残し得る。従って、ハロゲンまたはハロゲン化水素をゲッタリングするためのこれら化合物の使用は、炭素堆積が所望でない場合、ALDプロセスパラメータの注意深いセットアップを必要とする。揮発性アルミニウム、ガリウムまたはインジウム化合物から選択されるゲッタリング剤は、好ましくは、少なくとも一つのアルミニウム−炭素、ガリウム−炭素、またはインジウム−炭素結合を有する。
炭素化合物の場合、分子中に二重または三重結合された炭素が存在する場合、ハロゲン化水素の結合が可能である。揮発性炭素化合物から選択されるゲッタリング剤について、該化合物は、好ましくは、炭素原子間に少なくとも1つの二重または三重結合を有する。
窒素化合物は、ゲッタリング剤として使用され得るが、これらは好ましくはない。問題は、通常ハロゲン化窒素が熱的に不安定であることである。任意のハロゲン化窒素を形成する、アルキル−窒素とハロゲン化水素化合物との間の反応は、おそらく好ましくない。しかし、アルキルアミンからの塩化アルキルの形成は、理論的に可能である。揮発性アミンから選択されるゲッタリング剤は、好ましくは、ハロゲン化炭素化合物の形成へ導く、アミンとハロゲン保有化学種(例えば、ハロゲン化水素またはハロゲン化アンモニウムまたは遊離ハロゲン)との間の反応について、負またはほぼゼロ値のギブス自由エネルギーを有する。
ハロゲン化リンは、非常に安定であり、そして有機リン化合物をゲッタリング剤として使用することが、可能である。金属ホスファイドの形成は、競合反応であり、そして適用に依存して、リン化合物は許容されるゲッタリング剤でないかもしれない。リン化合物から選択されるゲッタリング剤は、好ましくは、少なくとも1つのリン−炭素結合を有する。
アルキル亜鉛化合物は市販されている。現在、亜鉛は、集積回路についての当該技術水準プロセスフローと適合性でない。しかし、亜鉛曝露(exposure)が許容される環境下で、亜鉛化合物から選択されるゲッタリング剤は、少なくとも1つの亜鉛−炭素結合を有する。
有機−鉄および有機−鉛化合物は、揮発性金属ハロゲン化物を形成する。鉄または鉛化合物から選択されるゲッタリング剤は、少なくとも1つの鉄−炭素または鉛−炭素結合を有する。
ゲッタリング剤は、揮発性メタロセン(例えば、フェロセン、ジシクロペンタジエニル鉄)、またはメタロセンの揮発性誘導体(例えば、1,1’−ジ(トリメチルシリル)フェロセン)から選択され得、該金属は揮発性金属ハロゲン化物を形成し得る。
ゲッタリング剤はまた、好ましくは少なくとも1つのホウ素−ケイ素結合を有する揮発性ホウ素−ケイ素化合物(例えば、トリス(トリメチルシリル)ボラン)から選択され得る。ケイ素およびホウ素の両方は、揮発性ハロゲン化物を形成し得る。
ゲッタリング剤は、揮発性金属カルボニルまたは金属カルボニルの揮発性誘導体(例えば、シクロヘキサジエン鉄トリカルボニル)から選択され得、ここでこのような金属は、揮発性金属ハロゲン化物を形成し得る。
一般式E(−CL3)mGnの揮発性化合物をゲッタリング剤として使用し得る。Eは周期表における元素であり;Lは炭素Cに結合された分子であり;Xはハロゲンであり;GはEへ結合された不特定(unspecified)の分子または原子であり;そしてmおよびnは整数であり、ここでmとnの合計はEの原子価に依存する。EとCとの間に化学結合が存在する。
シラン類(SixHy)およびボラン類(BmHn)(ここで、x、y、mおよびnは正の整数である)は、ゲッタリング剤として使用され得る。
金属腐食は、ギブスのエネルギー(ΔGf)が以下の間の反応について負またはほぼゼロである場合に、予想される:
・金属ハロゲン化物と金属;
・ハロゲン化水素と金属;または
・ハロゲン化アンモニウムと金属。
ここで、金属は、反応の間の感受性表面を示し、そしてハロゲン化水素および/またはハロゲン化アンモニウムは、表面反応の副生成物として形成される。
・ハロゲン化水素とケイ素化合物;
・ハロゲン化アンモニウムとケイ素化合物。
ここで、ケイ素化合物は、反応中の感受性表面を示し、そしてハロゲン化水素および/またはハロゲン化アンモニウムは、表面反応の副生成物として形成される。
好ましい実施形態を行うことにおいて、反応空間における条件は、好ましくは、凝縮(condensed)材料の形成へ導き得る気相反応を最小化するようにアレンジされる。従って、反応物化学経路は、好ましくは、反応空間に入るまで別々に維持される。表面上に化学吸着される化学種とガス状反応物との間の反応は、自己飽和する。副生成物とガス状ゲッターとの間の反応は、揮発性化合物を形成する。
PVD銅でコーティングされた200-mmシリコンウエハーを、フィンランド、エスポーのASM Microchemistry Oyから市販される、PulsarTM 2000TMALDリアクター中へロードした(loaded)。基体を、流動窒素雰囲気中で400℃まで加熱した。リアクターの圧力を、窒素ラインにおけるマスフローコントローラー(mass flow controller)および真空ポンプによって約5mbarへ調節した。次に、TiNx層を、不活性窒素ガスによって分離されたTiCl4およびNH3の連続パルスからALDによって成長させた。
・TiCl4パルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s。
PVD銅でコーティングされた200-mmシリコンウエハーを、PulsarTM 2000TMALDリアクター中へロードした(load)。基体を、流動窒素雰囲気中で400℃まで加熱した。リアクターの圧力を、窒素ラインにおけるマスフローコントローラーおよび真空ポンプによって約5mbarへ調節した。次に、WNx層を、不活性窒素ガスによって分離されたWF6およびNH3の連続パルスからALDによって成長させた。
・WF6パルス、0.25s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s。
・WF6パルス、0.25s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s。
一つの実施形態において、WNxCyは、WF6、NH3およびTEBの交互パルスをその順番で含むALD反応によって、300℃で、SiO2表面上に堆積した。
PVD銅でコーティングされた200-mmシリコンウエハーを、PulsarTM 2000TMALDリアクター中へロードする。基体を、流動窒素雰囲気中で約300℃まで加熱する。リアクターの圧力を、窒素ラインにおけるマスフローコントローラーおよび真空ポンプによって約5mbarへ調節する。タングステンナイトライドカーバイド薄膜を、不活性窒素ガスパルスによって分離されたWF6、NH3およびTEBの連続パルスからALDによって成長させる。
・WF6パルス、0.25s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s。
PVD銅でコーティングされた200-mmシリコンウエハーを、PulsarTM 2000TMALDリアクター中へロードした。基体を、流動窒素雰囲気中で約300℃まで加熱する。リアクターの圧力を、窒素ラインにおけるマスフローコントローラーおよび真空ポンプによって約5mbarへ調節する。タングステンナイトライドカーバイド薄膜を、不活性窒素ガスパルスによって分離されたWF6、NH3およびTEBの連続パルスからALDによって成長させる。
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・WF6パルス、0.25s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s。
PVD銅でコーティングされた200-mmシリコンウエハーを、PulsarTM 2000TMALDリアクター中へロードする。基体を、流動窒素雰囲気中で約300℃まで加熱する。リアクターの圧力を、窒素ラインにおけるマスフローコントローラーおよび真空ポンプによって約5mbarへ調節する。タングステンナイトライドカーバイド薄膜を、不活性窒素ガスパルスによって分離されたWF6、NH3およびTEBの連続パルスからALDによって成長させる。
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・WF6パルス、0.25s
・N2パージ、1.0s。
2つの異なるタイプの200-mmウエハーを、この実験のために使用する。一方のウエハーはPVD銅コーティングを有し、一方、他方のウエハーは、電気化学的に堆積された(electrochemically deposited)(ECD)銅膜を有した。銅コーティングされたウエハーを、1つずつ、PulsarTM 2000TMALDリアクター中へロードする。基体を、流動窒素雰囲気中で300℃まで加熱する。リアクターの圧力を、窒素ラインにおけるマスフローコントローラーおよび真空ポンプによって約5mbarへ調節する。
・WF6パルス、0.25s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、0.3s。
・TiCl4パルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、0.3s。
PVD銅でコーティングされた200-mmシリコンウエハーを、PulsarTM 2000TMALDリアクター中へロードする。基体を、流動窒素雰囲気中で約300〜400℃まで加熱する。リアクターの圧力を、窒素ラインにおけるマスフローコントローラーおよび真空ポンプによって約5mbarへ調節する。チタンナイトライドカーバイド層を、不活性窒素ガスパルスによって分離されたTiCl4、NH3およびTEBの連続パルスからALDによって成長させる。
・TiCl4パルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s。
シリコン基体を、フィンランド,エスポーのASM Microchemistry Oyから市販される、F−200TMALDリアクターへロードする。リアクター圧力を、真空ポンプおよび流動窒素によって5mbarに完全に安定させる。基体を、360℃まで加熱するまず、窒化チタン膜を、パルシングシークエンスを反復することによって基体上に成長させる。不活性窒素ガスは、反応チャンバ中へ四塩化チタン蒸気を運ぶ。余分のTiCl4および反応副生成物を、N2ガスでパージ除去した。パージング後、N2ガスは、反応チャンバへアンモニア蒸気を運ぶ。余分のNH3および反応副生成物を、N2ガスによってパージ除去する。パージング後、N2ガスは、TEB蒸気を反応チャンバ中に運ぶ。余分なTEBおよび反応副生成物は、N2ガスでパージ除去する:
・TiCl4パルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、0.3s。
・WF6パルス、0.25s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、0.3s。
基体を反応空間にロードする。タングステンナイトライドカーバイド薄膜を、不活性窒素ガスパルスによって分離されたWF6、NH3およびTEBの連続パルスからALDによって成長させる。
・WF6パルス、0.25s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.75s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・TEBパルス、0.05s
・N2パージ、1.0s
・NH3パルス、0.25s
・N2パージ、1.0s。
Claims (40)
- 原子層堆積(ALD)型プロセスによって、反応空間内の基体の表面上にWN x C y 薄膜を形成する方法であって、ここで、ALD型プロセスが、複数の堆積サイクルにおいて反応物の交互のパルスを提供することを包含し、各サイクルが、以下:
WF6である金属ハロゲン化物反応物;
窒素を含む第二反応物;および
単層からハロゲン化物をゲッタリングするアルキルボロン(alkylboron)化合物である第三反応物、
を供給することを含み、
ここで、第三反応物は金属ハロゲン化物反応物の次に供給される反応物ではなく、そして、ここで、過剰の反応物および/または反応物副生成物は、次の反応物を供給する前に反応空間から除去される方法。 - 第二反応物がアンモニアを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基体の表面が金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基体の表面が銅を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記基体の表面が酸化ケイ素をさらに含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記基体の表面が5nm厚未満の材料によって銅の上に形成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第三反応物がトリエチルボロン(triethyl boron)(TEB)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 基体温度が225℃と400℃との間である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 基体温度が275℃と350℃との間である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 基体温度が300℃と325℃との間である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 薄膜が電気伝導性拡散バリアである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 拡散バリアの厚みが20nm未満である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 拡散バリアの厚みが10nm未満である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 拡散バリアの厚みが5nm未満である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 原子層堆積(ALD)型プロセスによって反応空間内の基体上にWNxCy薄膜を形成する方法であって、ここで、ALD型プロセスが複数の堆積サイクルにおいて各反応物を交互にガスパルスで提供することを包含し、各サイクルが、以下:
WF6;
NH3;および
トリエチルボロン(TEB)
を提供することを含み、ここで、過剰の反応物および/または反応物副生成物は、次の反応物を提供する前に反応空間から除去され、ここで、TEBは、WF6の後に供給される次の反応物ではない方法。 - 基体が1以上の感受性表面を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 基体が銅表面を含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 基体が誘電体表面を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 基体がケイ素表面を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- WNxCy薄膜が拡散バリアである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 拡散バリアの厚みが5nm未満である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 基体温度が300℃と325℃との間である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- WNxCy薄膜が55原子%のタングステン、25〜30原子%の炭素および15〜20原子%の窒素を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 原子層堆積(ALD)型プロセスによって反応空間中で基体上に金属ナイトライドカーバイド薄膜を形成する方法であって、該ALDプロセスは、以下:
表面上に1以下の単層を化学吸着するためのタングステン六フッ化物(WF6)である第一金属含有反応物を供給すること;
反応空間から過剰の第一反応物および反応副生成物を除去すること;
窒素含有第二反応物を供給すること;
反応空間から過剰の第二反応物および反応副生成物を除去すること;
トリエチルボロン(TEB)を供給すること;および
反応空間から過剰のTEBおよび反応副生成物を除去することを包含し、ここで、TEBは、金属含有第一反応物の後に提供される次の反応物ではない方法。 - 金属ナイトライドカーバイドがWNxCyである、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 第二反応物がNH3である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 集積回路を生産するための方法であって、以下:
基体上の絶縁材料中にトレンチを含むダマシン構造を形成すること;
反応チャンバー中に基体を配置すること;
請求項1に記載の方法によって金属ナイトライドカーバイド拡散バリアを堆積すること;
金属カーバイドナイトライドの上に金属を堆積すること、
を含む方法。 - ALDプロセスが複数のサイクルを包含し、各サイクルがゲッタリング剤の少なくとも1パルスを含む請求項27に記載の方法。
- ALDプロセスが金属ハロゲン化物の1パルスを提供することをさらに包含し、介在する反応物パルスが常に、金属ハロゲン化物のパルスとゲッタリング剤のパルスとの間で提供される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 介在する反応パルスがNH3のパルスを含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 金属ナイトライドカーバイド拡散バリアを堆積する前に暴露された酸化銅が還元される、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 暴露された酸化銅が、アルコール、アルデヒドおよびカルボン酸からなる群より選択される化合物で還元される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 暴露された酸化銅の還元の後に、アンモニアで基体表面を処理する工程を更に含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 基体上の金属ナイトライドカーバイド拡散バリアに金属酸化物を堆積する工程、
前記金属酸化物を金属に還元する工程、および
前記金属酸化物から還元された金属の上にバルク金属を堆積する工程
を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。 - 堆積された金属酸化物が、アルコール、アルデヒドおよびカルボン酸からなる群より選択される化合物に暴露されることによって還元される、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 金属ナイトライドカーバイド上に金属を堆積させる前にシード層を堆積する工程をさらに含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 金属ナイトライドカーバイドがWNxCyである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 金属ナイトライドカーバイド上に堆積される金属が銅である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 銅が無電解めっき、電気化学的堆積、化学気相成長法および触媒で促進された化学気相成長法からなる群より選択される方法によって堆積される、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 前記反応チャンバーがクラスターツールの一部である、請求項27に記載の方法。
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- 2002-09-10 KR KR1020047003835A patent/KR101013231B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-10 AU AU2002333601A patent/AU2002333601A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-09-12 TW TW091120831A patent/TW559890B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-09-12 US US10/242,368 patent/US6986914B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2005-11-22 US US11/286,203 patent/US7410666B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
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US7410666B2 (en) | 2008-08-12 |
WO2003025243A2 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
WO2003025243A3 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
AU2002333601A1 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
EP1425435A2 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
TW559890B (en) | 2003-11-01 |
KR20040044931A (ko) | 2004-05-31 |
US20060078679A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
KR101013231B1 (ko) | 2011-02-10 |
JP2005503484A (ja) | 2005-02-03 |
US6986914B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 |
US20030082296A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
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