JP4855368B2 - 代謝調節剤として有用なマロニル−CoA脱炭酸酵素阻害剤 - Google Patents
代謝調節剤として有用なマロニル−CoA脱炭酸酵素阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4855368B2 JP4855368B2 JP2007267407A JP2007267407A JP4855368B2 JP 4855368 B2 JP4855368 B2 JP 4855368B2 JP 2007267407 A JP2007267407 A JP 2007267407A JP 2007267407 A JP2007267407 A JP 2007267407A JP 4855368 B2 JP4855368 B2 JP 4855368B2
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- DOMTZTVJNZKUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminopropanoate;hydrochloride Chemical class Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCN DOMTZTVJNZKUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000155 toxicity by organ Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007675 toxicity by organ Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride Substances FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZCZNEGTXVXAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanol Chemical compound OC(F)(F)F WZCZNEGTXVXAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IIHPVYJPDKJYOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylcarbethoxymethylenephosphorane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=CC(=O)OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IIHPVYJPDKJYOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C07C257/10—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines
- C07C257/22—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines having nitrogen atoms of amidino groups further bound to nitrogen atoms, e.g. hydrazidines
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Description
本発明は、特定の代謝疾患および酵素マロニル-コエンザイムA脱炭酸酵素(マロニル-CoA脱炭酸酵素、MCD)の阻害によって調節される疾患を治療する際に有用な、新規化合物、それらのプロドラッグ、および薬学的に許容される塩、ならびにそのような化合物を含む薬学的組成物に関する。特に、本発明は、マロニル-CoA脱炭酸酵素の阻害を通じて、心血管疾患、糖尿病、アシドーシス、癌、および肥満を予防、管理および治療するための化合物および組成物ならびに方法に関する。
マロニル-CoAは、体内で酵素アセチルCoAカルボキシラーゼ(ACC)によって産生される重要な代謝中間体である。肝、脂肪細胞、および他の組織において、マロニル-CoAは脂肪酸合成酵素(FAS)の基質である。ACCおよびマロニル-CoAは、脂肪酸合成酵素レベルが低い骨格筋および心筋組織で見いだされる。マロニル-CoA脱炭酸酵素(MCD、EC4.1.1.9)は、マロニル-CoAのアセチル-CoAへの変換を触媒し、それによりマロニル-CoAレベルを調節する。MCD活性は、原核生物、鳥類、および哺乳類を含む広範な生物において記載されている。この酵素は細菌リゾビウム・トリフォリ(Rhizobium trifolii)(Anら、J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 32: 414-418 (1999)(非特許文献1))、水鳥の尾腺(Bucknerら、Arch. Biochem. Biophys 177: 539 (1976)(非特許文献2);KimおよびKolattukudy、Arch. Biochem. Biophys 190: 585 (1978)(非特許文献3))、ラット肝ミトコンドリア(KimおよびKolattukudy、Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 190: 234 (1978)(非特許文献4))、ラット乳腺(KimおよびKolattukudy、Biochim. Biophys, Acta 531: 187 (1978)(非特許文献5))、ラット膵β-細胞(Voilleyら、Biochem. J. 340: 213 (1999)(非特許文献6))およびガチョウ(ハイイロガン)(Jangら、J. Biol. Chem. 264: 3500 (1989)(非特許文献7))から精製されている。MCD欠損症患者の同定は、ガチョウおよびラットMCD遺伝子に相同のヒト遺伝子のクローニングにつながる(Gaoら、J. Lipid. Res. 40: 178 (1999)(非特許文献8);Sackstederら、J. Biol. Chem. 274: 24461 (1999)(非特許文献9);FitzPatrickら、Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65: 318 (1999)(非特許文献10))。ノーザンブロット分析で単一のヒトMCD mRNAが観察される。筋および心臓組織で最も高いmRNA発現レベルが観察され、肝、腎および膵ではその次に高く、検査したその他の組織すべてにおいて検出可能な量が認められる。
健康なヒトの心臓は利用可能な代謝基質を利用している。血糖値が高い場合、グルコースの取り込みおよび代謝によって心臓の主な燃料源が得られる。絶食状態では、脂肪組織によって脂質が提供され、心臓での脂肪酸取り込みおよび代謝によってグルコース代謝が下方制御される。脂肪酸およびグルコースの血清レベルによる中間代謝の調節は、グルコース-脂肪酸回路を含む(Randleら、Lancet, 1: 785-789 (1963)(非特許文献16))。虚血状態では、酸素供給が限られるため、脂肪酸およびグルコース両方の酸化が低下し、心臓組織における酸化的リン酸化によって産生されるATPの量が減少する。十分な酸素がない状態では、ATPレベルを維持しようとして解糖が増大し、その結果、乳酸の増加および細胞内pHの低下が起こる。エネルギーを費やしてイオンの恒常性を維持し、異常に低いATPレベルおよび細胞の浸透性崩壊の結果、筋細胞死が起こる。加えて、AMPKが虚血中に活性化されてリン酸化し、したがってACCを不活化する。全体の心臓マロニル-CoAレベルが低下し、したがってCPT-I活性が上昇し、脂肪酸の酸化がグルコースの酸化よりも有利となる。心臓組織における代謝調節剤の有益な効果は、酸素1モルあたりのATPの有効性が脂肪酸に比べてグルコースで高まることで、より重要なことには、解糖とグルコース酸化の結合が増大することにより、虚血組織におけるプロトン負荷の正味の低下が起こる。
糖尿病に最もよく付随する二つの代謝性合併症は、肝のケトン体過剰産生(NIDDMにおいて)および持続性のグルコースレベル上昇に伴う臓器毒性である。脂肪酸酸化の阻害は、血糖値を調節し、II型糖尿病のいくつかの症状を寛解することができる。CPT-Iのマロニル-CoA阻害は、低インスリン-高グルカゴン血症状態発症中の脂肪酸酸化速度を制御する最も重要な調節機構である。いくつかの不可逆的および可逆的CPT-I阻害剤が、その血糖値を制御する能力について評価されており、これらはすべて決まって血糖降下性である(Anderson、Current Pharmaceutical Design 4: 1 (1998)(非特許文献26))。肝特異的かつ可逆的なCPT阻害剤であるSDZ-CPI-975は、18時間絶食させた健常な非ヒト霊長類およびラットで、心肥大を引き起こすことなくグルコースレベルを著しく低下させる(Deemsら、Am. J. Physiology 274: R524 (1998)(非特許文献27))。マロニル-CoAは膵β-細胞におけるグルコースおよび脂肪酸の相対的利用可能性のセンサーとしての重大な役割を果たしており、したがってグルコース代謝を細胞のエネルギー状態およびインスリン分泌に連結している。インスリン分泌促進物質がβ-細胞におけるマロニル-CoA濃度を高めることが明らかにされている(Prentkiら、Diabetes 45: 273 (1996)(非特許文献28))。しかし、糖尿病をCPT-I阻害剤で直接治療することは、機構に基づく肝および心筋毒性の原因となっている。したがって、CPT-Iをその内因性阻害物質、マロニル-CoAの増加を通じて阻害するMCD阻害剤は、糖尿病性疾患の治療のために、CPT-I阻害剤と比べて安全かつ優れている。
マロニル-CoAは、ヒト乳癌細胞および異種移植片において脂肪酸合成酵素阻害により誘導される細胞毒性の媒介物質である可能性が示唆されている(Pizerら、Cancer Res. 60: 213 (2000)(非特許文献29))。抗腫瘍抗生物質セルレニンまたは合成類縁体C75を用いての脂肪酸合成酵素の阻害は、乳癌細胞のマロニル-CoAレベルを著しく上昇させることが判明している。一方、アセチル-CoAカルボキシラーゼ(ACC)のレベルでのみ阻害する、脂肪酸合成阻害剤TOFA(5-(テトラデシロキシ)-2-フロン酸)は、抗腫瘍活性は全く示さないが、同時にマロニル-CoAレベルは対照の60%に低下する。マロニル-CoAレベルの上昇はこれらの脂肪酸合成酵素阻害剤の抗腫瘍活性を担っていると考えられる。MCD阻害剤を用いてマロニル-CoAレベルを調節することは、したがって、癌性疾患治療のための価値ある治療戦略となる。
マロニル-CoAはニューロペプチドY経路の阻害により、脳の食欲シグナリングにおいて主要な役割を果たすことが示唆されている(Loftusら、Science 288: 2379 (2000)(非特許文献30))。脂肪酸合成酵素(FAS)阻害剤セルレニンまたはC75によるマウスの全身または脳室内治療は、摂食阻害および劇的な体重減少を引き起こした。C75は海馬において摂食亢進性(prophagic)シグナルニューロペプチドYの発現を阻害し、マロニル-CoAによって仲介されると考えられるレプチン非依存性の様式で作用することが判明した。したがって、MCDの阻害を通じてのマロニル-CoAレベルの制御は、肥満の予防および治療への新規アプローチを提供する。
Anら、J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 32: 414-418 (1999) Bucknerら、Arch. Biochem. Biophys 177: 539 (1976) KimおよびKolattukudy、Arch. Biochem. Biophys 190: 585 (1978) KimおよびKolattukudy、Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 190: 234 (1978) KimおよびKolattukudy、Biochim. Biophys, Acta 531: 187 (1978) Voilleyら、Biochem. J. 340: 213 (1999) Jangら、J. Biol. Chem. 264: 3500 (1989) Gaoら、J. Lipid. Res. 40: 178 (1999) Sackstederら、J. Biol. Chem. 274: 24461 (1999) FitzPatrickら、Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65: 318 (1999) Zammit、Biochem. J. 343: 5050-515 (1999) AlamおよびSaggerson、Biochem J. 334: 233-241 (1998) Dyckら、Am J Physiology 275: H2122-2129 (1998) McGarryおよびBrown、Eur. J. Biochem. 244: 1-14 (1997) Fraserら、FEBS Lett. 446: 69-74 (1999) Randleら、Lancet, 1: 785-789 (1963) Hearse、「虚血性心疾患とその管理への代謝的アプローチ Metabolic approaches to ischemic heart disease and its management)」、Science Press Kennedyら、Biochem. Pharmacology, 52: 273 (1996) McCormackら、Genet. Pharmac. 30: 639 (1998) Pepineら、Am. J. Cardiology 84: 46 (1999) Kantorら、Circ. Res. 86: 580-588 (2000) Wargovichら、Am. J. Cardiol. 61: 65-70 (1996) Zammit、Biochem. J. 343: 505 (1999) Abo-Hashema、Biochem. 38: 15840 (1999) Abo-Hashema、J. Biol. Chem. 274: 35577 (1999) Anderson、Current Pharmaceutical Design 4: 1 (1998) Deemsら、Am. J. Physiology 274: R524 (1998) Prentkiら、Diabetes 45: 273 (1996) Pizerら、Cancer Res. 60: 213 (2000) Loftusら、Science 288: 2379 (2000) McNeill、「心血管機能の測定(Measurement of Cardiovascular Function)」、CRC Press、1997
本発明は、式(I)に示す新規化合物、これらの化合物を含む新規薬学的組成物ならびに代謝性疾患およびMCD阻害によって調節される疾患の予防、管理および治療のための方法を提供する。本発明の化合物は、マロニル-CoA調節グルコース/脂肪酸代謝経路に関与する疾患の予防、管理および治療のために有用である。特に、これらの化合物およびこれらの化合物を含む薬学的組成物は、心血管疾患、糖尿病、癌および肥満の予防、管理および治療において必要とされる。本発明の新規化合物および組成物に加えて、本発明の化合物調製のために有用な中間体および方法も、本発明の範囲内に含まれる。
、それらのプロドラッグ、および薬学的に許容される塩である。本発明の他の局面は本発明の説明を続けるうちに明らかになると思われる。したがって、前記は単に本発明の特定の局面の概要を示しているにすぎず、いかなる様式でも本発明を限定することを意図するものではなく、本発明を限定すると解釈されるべきでもない。
下記の本発明の詳細な説明は、網羅的であること、または開示する正確な詳細に本発明を限定することを意図してはいない。これは、他の当業者に本発明の詳細を十分に説明するために選択され、記載されたものである。
R1はハロ、ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシ、チオール、置換チオール、スルホニル、スルフィニル、ニトロ、シアノ、アミノ、置換アミノ、C1〜C6アルキルおよびC1〜C6アルコキシから独立に選択され、R1がヒドロキシ、C1〜C6アルコキシ、チオール、置換チオール、アミノ、置換アミノ、またはC1〜C6アルキルである場合、そのような遊離基は、R1がR2に対してオルトである場合にはR2と共に5〜7員環を形成してもよく;
R2はNR3C(S)NR4R5、NR3C(=NR3)NR4R5、NR3C(=NCN)NR4R5、NR3C(=CHNO2)NR4R5、NR3P(O)R4R5、NR3P(O)(OR4)(OR5)、NR3P(O)(OR4)(NR5)、NR3P(O)(NR4)(NR5)、NR3C(=NR3)R6、COR6、R6C(OH)R7、CR8=NOR4、CR8=NR3、CR8=NNR4R5、SOR7、SO2R7、P(O)(OR4)(OR5)、P(O)(R4)(R5)、P(O)(OR4)(OR5)、P(O)(NR3)(OR4)、P(O)(NR4)(NR5)、O、N、またはSから選択される0から三個のヘテロ原子を含む3〜7員環から選択され、これらは下記の基
R3は水素、アルキル、アリール、ヘテロシクリル、アシルであるか、またはR4もしくはR5と共に5〜7員環を形成してもよく;
R4は水素、アルキル、アリール、ヘテロシクリル、アシルであるか、またはR5もしくはR3と共に5〜7員環を形成してもよく;
R5は水素、アルキル、アリール、もしくはヘテロシクリル、アシルであるか、またはR3もしくはR4と共に5〜7員環を形成してもよく;
R6およびR7は同じでも異なっていてもよく、水素、アルキル、アリール、またはヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R8は水素、アルキル、アリール、ヘテロシルシル、アミノまたは置換アミノであり;
R9、R10、R11およびR12は同じでも異なっていてもよく、水素、アルキル、アリール、ヘテロシクリル、ニトロ、シアノ、カルボン酸、エステル、アミド、ハロ、ヒドロキシル、アミノ、置換アミノ、アルコキシ、アシル、ウレイド、スルホンアミド、スルファミド、スルホニル、スルフィニル、またはグアナジニルから選択され;
R13は水素、アルキル、アリール、ヘテロシクリル、アシル、エステル、スルホニル、ウレイド、またはグアナジニルであり;
AはO、S、またはNR3であり;
mは0から4であり;
XはH、CF2Z、もしくはCF3であるか、またはAがOである場合にはYと共に二重結合を形成し;
Yは水素であるか、またはAがOである場合にはXと共に二重結合を形成し;
ZはF、Br、Cl、IまたはCF3である)。化合物(I)の鏡像異性体、ジアステレオ異性体、または互変異性体も本発明に含まれる。
本明細書において用いられる「アルキル」とは、メチル、ペンチル、およびアダマンチルなどの、炭素および水素のみを含む環状、分枝状、または直鎖化学基を意味する。アルキル基は無置換でもよく、または、本発明の目的のために必要であれば、保護基で適当にブロックされていてもよい、一つもしくは複数の置換基、例えばハロゲン、アルコキシ、アシルオキシ、アミノ、アミド、シアノ、ニトロ、ヒドロキシ、メルカプト、カルボキシ、カルボニル、ベンジルオキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、もしくは他の官能基で置換されていてもよい。アルキル基は飽和でもよく、または一つまたは複数の位置で不飽和(例えば、-C=C-または-C≡C-サブユニットを含んでいる)でもよい。典型的には、アルキル基は1個から12個の炭素原子、好ましくは1個から10個、より好ましくは1個から8個の炭素原子または3個から8個の炭素を含む環状基を含むことになる。
本発明の組成物は下記を含む:
(a)MCD阻害化合物(I)、そのプロドラッグまたは薬学的塩の安全かつ治療的に有効な量;および
(b)薬学的に許容される担体。
本発明の化合物および組成物は、局所または全身投与することができる。全身適用には、化合物を体の組織内に導入する任意の方法、例えば関節内、くも膜下腔内、硬膜外、筋肉内、経皮、静脈内、腹腔内、皮下、舌下投与、吸入、直腸内、または経口投与が含まれる。本発明の化合物は、経口投与することが好ましい。
本発明の化合物を調製する際に用いる出発原料は公知であるか、公知の方法によって調製するか、または市販されている。当業者には、本明細書において特許請求されている化合物に関連する前駆体および官能基を調製する方法は、文献中に一般に記載されていることが明らかであると思われる。当業者は、文献および本開示を読めば、特許請求されているいかなる化合物も調製する能力が十分にあると考えられる。
インビトロMCD阻害アッセイ:
文献に記載されているマロニル-CoA脱炭酸酵素活性アッセイのための分光光度的方法を、高処理量様式でMCD阻害活性アッセイに合わせて改変する(Kolattukudyら、Methods in Enzymology 71: 150 (1981))。下記の試薬を96穴滴定プレートに加える:トリス-HCl緩衝液、20μL;DTE、10μL;l-リンゴ酸塩、20μL;NAD、10μL;NADH、25μL;水、80μL;リンゴ酸脱水素酵素、5μL。これらの内容物を混合し、2分間インキュベートした後、クエン酸シンターゼ5μLを加える。化合物と、続いてラット心臓から調節したマロニル-CoA脱炭酸酵素5μLおよびマロニル-CoA 20μLを加える。内容物をインキュベートし、460nMでの吸光度を測定する。
雄Sprague-Dawleyラット由来の動いている摘出心臓を、5mmol/Lのグルコース;100μU/mLのインスリン;3%BAS;および1.2mmol/Lのパルミチン酸塩を含む、改変クレブス-ヘンゼライト液と共に60分間の有酸素灌流期間に供する。これらの試験では、インビボで認められる心臓の代謝的需要を概算するために、動いている心臓を用いる(Kantorら、Circulation Research 86: 580-588 (2000))。被験化合物を灌流期間開始の5分後に加える。
本発明をさらに詳しく例示するために、下記の実施例が含まれる。実施例は、当然のことながら、本発明を特に制限すると解釈されるべきではない。特許請求の範囲内でのこれらの実施例の変更は、当業者の範囲内であり、本明細書において記載され、主張されている本発明の範囲内に入ると考えられる。読者は、本開示を読み、当技術分野の技能を備えた当業者であれば、網羅的な実施例なしで、本発明を調製し、用いることができることを理解すると思われる。
Ac=アセチル
アリル=CH2=CH2-CH2-
Bn=ベンジル
CDI=カルボニルジイミダゾール
CH2Cl2=ジクロロメタン
DIBAL=水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウム
DMAP=4-(ジメチルアミノ)-ピリジン
DMF=N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
DMSO=ジメチルスルホキシド
EDClまたはEDAC=塩酸1-[3-(ジメチルアミノ)プロピル]-3-エチルカルボジイミド
ESIMS=電子スプレー質量分析
Et3N=トリエチルアミン
EtOAc=酢酸エチル
HMTA=ヘキサメチレンテトラミン
ロウェッソン試薬=2,4-ビス(4-メトキシフェニル)-1,3,2,4-ジチアジホスフェタン-2,4-ジスルフィド
LDA=リチウムジイソプロピルアミド
LHMDS=リチウムビス(トリメチルシリル)アミド
MgSO4=硫酸マグネシウム
NaHCO3=炭酸水素ナトリウム
Na2CO3=炭酸ナトリウム
NaH=水素化ナトリウム
NBS=N-ブロモスクシンイミド
NCS=N-クロロスクシンイミド
NH4Cl=塩化アンモニウム
Ph=フェニル
PyまたはPyr=ピリジル
r.t.=室温
TFA=トリフルオロ酢酸
THF=テトラヒドロフラン
TLC=薄層クロマトグラフィ
TMS=トリメチルシリル
Tf2O=トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物
ビニル=CH2=CH-
アルキル基の略語
Me=メチル
Et=エチル
n-Pr=ノルマルプロピル
i-Pr=イソプロピル
n-Bu=ノルマルブチル
i-Bu=イソブチル
t-Bu=三級ブチル
s-Bu=二級ブチル
c-Hex=シクロヘキシル
モルホリン-4-カルボチオ酸[4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-トリフルオロメチル-エチル)-フェニル]-(4-トリフルオロメチル-ベンジル)-アミドの調製
2-(4-アミノ-フェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-プロパン-2-オール(200mg、0.77mmol)および塩化4-モルホリンカルボニル(180μL、1.54mmol)のピリジン溶液(2mL)に、DMAP(20mg)を室温で加える。90℃で2時間加熱した後、反応混合物を酢酸エチルで希釈する。有機相を飽和CuSO4溶液、0.1N HCl溶液、飽和NaHCO3溶液および食塩水で洗浄し、次いで無水Na2SO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を調製用TLC(ヘキサン:EtOAc=2:1)で精製して、尿素中間体を白色固体で得る(120mg、42%)。
尿素中間体(185mg、0.5mmol)のDMF溶液(5mL)に、水素化ナトリウム(100mg、2.5mmol)を室温で加える。懸濁液をさらに10分間撹拌した後、90℃で2時間加熱する。反応混合物を酢酸エチルで希釈する。有機相を水で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を調製用TLC(CH2Cl2:MeCN=10:1)で精製して、アルキル化中間体を黄色油状物で得る(120mg、45%)。
アルキル化中間体(110mg、0.207mmol)およびロウェッソン試薬(320mg、0.832mmol)をトルエン(3mL)中で混合し、反応混合物を120℃で6時間加熱する。有機溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を調製用TLC(CH2Cl2:MeCN=20:1)で精製して、表題化合物を白色泡状物で得る(24mg、21%)。
N-(4-シアノブチル)-N-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}モルホリン-4-カルボチオアミドの調製
2-(4-アミノ-フェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-プロパン-2-オール(200mg、0.77mmol)および塩化4-モルホリンカルボニル(180μL、1.54mmol)のピリジン溶液(2mL)に、DMAP(20mg)を室温で加える。90℃で2時間加熱した後、反応混合物を酢酸エチルで希釈する。有機相を飽和CuSO4溶液、0.1N HCl溶液、飽和NaHCO3溶液および食塩水で洗浄し、次いで無水Na2SO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を調製用TLC(ヘキサン:EtOAc=2:1)で精製して、尿素中間体を白色固体で得る(120mg、42%)。
尿素中間体(110mg、0.3mmol)のDMF溶液(2mL)に、水素化ナトリウム(36mg、3mmol)を室温で加える。懸濁液をさらに10分間撹拌した後、5-ブロモバレロニトリル(42μL、0.4mmol)を加えた。90℃で2時間加熱した後、反応混合物を酢酸エチルで希釈する。有機相を水で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を調製用TLC(CH2Cl2:MeCN=10:1)で精製して、アルキル化中間体を黄色油状物で得る(34mg、25%)。
アルキル化中間体(30mg、0.066mmol)およびロウェッソン試薬(107mg、0.266mmol)をトルエン(2mL)中で混合し、反応混合物を120℃で6時間加熱する。有機溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を調製用TLC(CH2Cl2:MeCN=20:1)で精製して、表題化合物を白色泡状物で得る(21mg、68%)。
1-ブチル-3,3-ジメチル-1-[4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-トリフルオロメチル-エチル)-フェニル]-チオ尿素の調製
ブチル{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}アミノ)(ジエチルアミノ)メタンイミニウムクロリドの調製
1-(4-{2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-トリフルオロメチル)フェニル}-ブタン-1-オンの調製
DMF数滴を安息香酸(5g、17.4mmol)および塩化オキサリル(10mL、20mmol)のジクロロメタン溶液に0℃で加える。反応混合物を室温で14時間撹拌する。溶媒を減圧下で除去して塩化アシルを得る。
アセトン(25mL)中、上で得た塩化アシルをN,O-ジメチルヒドロキシアミン(20mmol)の飽和Na2CO3溶液(25mL)に室温で加える。反応混合物をその温度で16時間撹拌し、濃HClで酸性化する。有機溶媒を減圧下で除去し、水層をEtOAcで抽出する。合わせた有機抽出物を1N HCl、飽和NaHCO3および食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を除去後、N-メトキシメチルアミド(ワインレブアミド)を純粋な形で得る(5.8g)。
臭化n-プロピルマグネシウム(3mL)を上で得たワインレブアミド中間体(662mg、2mmol)のTHF溶液(6mL)にアルゴン雰囲気下、0℃で加える。反応混合物を0℃で30分間、次いで室温で4時間撹拌する。反応混合物を氷冷1N HCl中に注ぎ、EtOAcで抽出する。合わせた有機溶媒を飽和NaHCO3、食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去して、表題化合物を得る(620.7mg)。
1-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}ブタン-1-オンオキシムの調製
1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2-(4-{1-[(2-フリルメチル)アミノ]ブチル}フェニル)プロパン-2-オールの調製
3-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}-4,5-ジヒドロイソキサゾール-5-カルボン酸メチルの調製
ワインレブアミド(1.66g、5mmol、実施例6、段階2)のTHF溶液(15mL)にDIBAL(12mL、トルエン中1M)を、アルゴン雰囲気下、-78℃で滴加する。反応混合物をその温度で2時間撹拌する。反応混合物を1N HClに注ぎ、EtOAcで3回抽出する。合わせた有機溶媒を飽和NaHCO3、食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。有機溶媒を減圧下で除去し、ベンズアルデヒド中間体を無色固体で得る(1.27g)。
ベンズアルデヒド中間体(1.0g)および塩酸ヒドロキシアミン(1.27g)をMeOH(8mL)中で混合する。反応混合物を室温で12時間撹拌する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣をEtOAcおよび水の間で分配する。水層をEtOAcで抽出する。合わせた有機溶媒を食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を除去してオキシム中間体を得る(1.1g)。
上で得たオキシム中間体(225mg)のDMF溶液(1mL)にNBS(208mg)を室温で加える。1時間撹拌後、アクリル酸メチル(0.14mL)と、続いてEt3N(0.22mL)を加える。反応混合物を12時間撹拌し、EtOAcで希釈する。有機層を1N HCl、飽和NaHCO3、食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を除去後、残渣を調製用TLC(CH2Cl2:MECN=95:5)で精製して、表題化合物を得る(119mg)。
3-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}-4,5-ジヒドロ-イソキサゾール-5-カルボン酸の調製
N-[(3-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}-4,5-ジヒドロイソキサゾル-5-イル)カルボニル]-β-アラニン酸1,1-ジメチルエチルの調製
5-メチル-3-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}イソキサゾール-4-カルボン酸エチルの調製
3-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}ヘプタン-3-オールの調製
2-[4-(3,5-ジメチル-イソキサゾル-4-イル)-フェニル]-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-プロパン-2-オールの調製
2-(4-ブロモフェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン-2-オール(723mg、2.24mmol)、ビス(ピナコラート)ジボラン(625mg、2.46mmol)およびKOAc(659mg、6.72mmol)をDMF(15mL)中で混合する。懸濁液を窒素気流により脱酸素した後、Pd(dppf)Cl2(60mg)を加える。窒素雰囲気下、90℃で30分間加熱した後、反応混合物をEtOAcおよび水の間で分配する。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、減圧下で濃縮する。残渣をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィ(ヘキサン:EtOAc=5:1)に供し、ボロン酸アリール中間体を白色固体で得る(650mg、78%)。
ボロン酸アリール中間体(50mg、0.135mmol)、4-ブロモ-3,5-ジメチルイソキサゾール(33mg、0.189mmol)および飽和NaHCO3溶液(2mL)をTHF(5mL)中で混合する。懸濁液を窒素気流により脱酸素した後、Pd(dppf)Cl2(10mg)を加える。窒素雰囲気下、70℃で7時間加熱した後、反応混合物をEtOAcおよび水の間で分配する。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、減圧下で濃縮する。残渣をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィ(ヘキサン:アセトン=5:1)に供し、表題化合物を白色固体で得る(18mg、39%)。
N-(5-メチル-4-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}イソキサゾル-3-イル)-N'-フェニル尿素の調製
前述の実施例に従って調製した5-メチル-4-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}イソキサゾル-3-イルカルバミン酸1,1-ジメチルエチル(40mg、0.09mmol)を室温でCH2Cl2中50%TFA(2mL)で処理する。反応混合物をさらに1時間撹拌し、減圧下で濃縮する。残渣を調製用TLC(ヘキサン:アセトン=1:1)で精製して、アミン中間体を白色固体で得る(24mg、78%)。
アミン中間体(45mg、0.13mmol)およびイソシアン酸フェニル(34μL、0.5mmol)のピリジン溶液(2mL)を、窒素雰囲気下、90℃で4時間撹拌する。反応混合物をEtOAcで希釈し、飽和CuSO4溶液および食塩水で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、減圧下で濃縮する。残渣を調製用TLC(CH2Cl2:メタノール=20:1)で精製して、表題化合物を白色固体で得る(38mg、63%)。
(2E)-3-(5-メチル-4-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}イソキサゾル-3-イル)プロパ-2-エン酸エチルの調製
実施例16に従って調製した5-メチル-4-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}イソキサゾール-3-カルボン酸エチル(1.9g、4.78mmol)をメタノール(20mL)に溶解し、室温でNaOH(1.0g、23.9mmol)の水溶液(10mL)で処理する。反応混合物をさらに1時間撹拌し、水で希釈し、EtOAcで抽出する。水相を1N HCl溶液でpH2まで酸性化し、EtOAcで抽出した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去して、酸中間体を白色固体で得る(1.56g、89%)。
酸中間体(150mg、0.406mmol)のTHF溶液(2mL)に窒素雰囲気下、1M塩化オキサリル/CH2Cl2溶液(812μL)と、続いてDMF4滴を加える。反応混合物を室温で1時間撹拌する。溶媒を減圧下で除去後、残渣をTHF(1mL)に溶解し、塩酸N,O-ジメチルヒドロキシルアミン(80mg、0.812mmol)およびトリエチルアミン(113μL、0.812mmool)のTHF溶液(1mL)を加える。反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した後、1N HCl溶液で反応停止する。EtOAcを用いて抽出を行い、有機層を1N HCl、飽和NaHCO3および食塩水で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去後、残渣を調製用TLC(ヘキサン:EtOAc=3:1)で精製して、ワインレブアミド中間体を白色固体で得る(45mg、27%)。
LiAlH4(14mg、0.335mmol)のTHF懸濁液(0.5mL)に窒素雰囲気下、-40℃でワインレブアミド中間体のTHF溶液(1mL)を加える。添加後、冷却浴をはずし、反応混合物を2時間かけて室温まで戻す。0.1N HCl溶液で反応停止した後、懸濁液をEtOAcで抽出し、1N HCl溶液、飽和NaHCO3溶液および食塩水で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去後、残渣を調製用TLC(ヘキサン:EtOAc=2:1)で精製して、アルデヒド中間体を黄色油状物で得る(33mg、56%)。
アルデヒド中間体(13mg、0.037mmol)および(カルボエトキシメチレン)トリフェニルホスホラン(14mg、0.04mmol)をトルエン(1mL)中で混合する。反応混合物を90℃で3時間撹拌した後、減圧下で濃縮する。残渣を調製用TLC(ヘキサン:アセトン=2:1)で精製して、表題化合物を白色固体で得る(13mg、81%)。
N-{3-フェニル-4-[4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-トリフルオロメチル-エチル)-フェニル]-イソキサゾル-5-イル}-イソブチルアミドの調製
1M LHDMSのTHF溶液(10.6ml、10.6mmol)を4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ヒドロキシイソプロピルフェニルアセトニトリルのTHF溶液にアルゴン雰囲気下、室温で加える。反応混合物をアルゴン雰囲気下、室温で30分間撹拌した後、安息香酸メチル(527μl、4.24mmol)を加える。次いで、溶液を8時間撹拌する。反応混合物にH2Oを注ぎ、溶液をEtOAcで洗浄する。水層を1N HClで酸性化し、EtOAcで抽出する。この有機層を食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。濃縮し、調製用TLCで精製して、中間体3-オキソ-2-[4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-トリフルオロメチル-エチル)-フェニル]-ブチロニトリルを得る。
上の中間体(560.8mg、1.45mmol)および塩酸ヒドロキシアミン(201mg、2.9mmol)をピリジン(2.5ml)中で混合する。反応混合物を80℃で12時間撹拌する。反応混合物をEtOAcで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3、H2Oおよび食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。濃縮し、調製用TLCで精製して、2-[4-(5-アミノ-3-フェニル-イソキサゾル-4-イル)-フェニル]-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-プロパン-2-オールを得る(260mg、45%)。
2-[4-(5-アミノ-3-フェニル-イソキサゾル-4-イル)-フェニル]-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-プロパン-2-オールのDMF溶液に水素化ナトリウム(18mg、0.45mmol)をアルゴン雰囲気下、0℃で加える。反応混合物をアルゴン雰囲気下、室温で30分間撹拌した後、塩化イソブチリル(23.8ul、0.23mmol)を加える。溶液を8時間撹拌した後、EtOAcで希釈する。有機層をH2O、食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。濃縮し、調製用TLCで精製して、表題化合物を得る。
N-ブチル-4-フェニル-1-プロピル-2-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}-1H-イミダゾール-5-カルボキサミドの調製
4-(2-ヒドロキシ-ヘキサフルオロイソプロピル)安息香酸(100mg、0.35mmol)およびフェニルグリオキサール水和物(46mg、0.35mmol)のメタノール溶液(1.5ml)にプロピルアミン(20mg、0.35mmol)を室温で加えた。5分間撹拌した後、イソシアン化ブチル(83mg、0.35mmol)を混合物に室温で加えた。得られた混合物を同じ温度で12時間撹拌し、0.1N HCl溶液で酸性化した。混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、有機層を水および食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥した。溶媒を減圧下で蒸発させた。残渣(165mg)をそれ以上精製せずに次の段階に用いた。
得られた残渣(54mg)を酢酸(1ml)に溶解し、酢酸アンモニウム(77mg、1mmol)を加えた。反応混合物を還流条件下で3時間撹拌した。水で希釈した後、混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機層を食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥した。溶媒を減圧下で蒸発させた。残渣を調製用TLC(ヘキサン:EtOAc=2:1)で精製して、表題化合物を得た(24mg、46%)。
1-メチル-3-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}-1H-ピラゾール-4-カルボニトリルの調製
4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]ベンズアルデヒド(200mg、0.735mmol)のベンゼン溶液(1.5ml)にメチルヒドラジン(51mg、1.1mmol)のベンゼン溶液(1mL)を窒素雰囲気下、室温で加える。混合物を還流条件下で2時間撹拌する。混合物を室温まで冷却し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去して、生成物メチルヒドラゾンを得(145mg、66%)、これをそれ以上精製せずに次の段階に用いる。
ジメチルスルフィド(90mg、1.45mmol)をN-クロロスクシンイミド(107mg、0.805mmol)のCH2Cl2溶液(5.5mL)に0℃で加える。混合物を0℃で5分間撹拌し、次いで-70℃に冷却する。この溶液に、上述したメチルヒドラゾン(145mg、0.483mmol)のCH2Cl2溶液(1mL)を滴加する。混合物を0℃まで徐々に加温しながら、4.5時間撹拌する。反応を冷水で停止し、CH2Cl2で抽出する。有機層を水および食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去して、塩化ヒドラゾノイル中間体を得(115mg、71%)、これをそれ以上精製せずに次の段階に用いる。
上述した塩化ヒドラゾノイル中間体(115mg、0.344mmol)のCHCl3溶液(3mL)に、フマロニトリル(27mg、0.344mmol)と、続いてEt3N(35mg、0.344mmol)を室温で加える。混合物を還流条件下で一晩撹拌する。反応混合物を室温まで冷却した後、これをCHCl3で希釈し、水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を調製用TLC(ヘキサン:EtOAc=3:1)で精製して、表題化合物を淡黄色固体で得る(25mg、21%)。
N,N-1-トリメチル-3-{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}-4,5-ジヒドロ-1H-ピラゾール-5-カルボキサミドの調製
CHCl3中、塩化ヒドラゾノイル中間体(204mg、0.610mmol)(前述の実施例24の段階2で得られたもの)およびN,N-ジメチルアクリルアミド(61mg、0.610mmol)の混合物にEt3N(62mg、0.610mmol)を加える。反応混合物を室温で5日間撹拌する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣をEtOAcに溶解し、水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を調製用TLC(ヘキサン:EtOAc=2:1)で精製して、表題化合物を白色固体で得る(29mg、12%)。
N,N-ビス(1-メチルエチル)-N'-フェニル-4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロ-メチル)エチル]ベンゼンカルボヒドラゾンアミドの調製
4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]ベンズアルデヒド(500mg、1.84mmol)のベンゼン溶液(3mL)にフェニルヒドラジン(200mg、1.84mmol)を室温で加える。混合物を室温で4時間撹拌する。溶媒を減圧下で除去して、生成物フェニルヒドラゾンを得(656mg、99%)、これをそれ以上精製せずに次の段階に用いる。
N-クロロスクシンイミド(404mg、3.02mmol)のCH2Cl2溶液(21mL)にジメチルスルフィド(338mg、5.43mmol)を0℃で加える。混合物を0℃で5分間撹拌し、次いで-70℃に冷却する。この溶液に、上述したフェニルヒドラゾン(656mg、1.81mmol)のCH2Cl2溶液(3mL)を滴加する。混合物を0℃まで徐々に加温しながら、2時間撹拌する。反応を冷水で停止し、CH2Cl2で抽出する。有機層を水および食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去して、塩化ヒドラゾノイル中間体を得(387mg、54%)、これをそれ以上精製せずに次の段階に用いる。
塩化ヒドラゾノイル中間体(100mg、0.252mmol)の1,4-ジオキサン溶液(1.5mL)を、ジイソプロピルアミン(7.5mL)に0℃で20時間かけて滴加する。混合物を室温でさらに3.5時間撹拌する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣をEtOAcに溶解し、水および食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥する。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣を調製用HPLCで精製して、表題化合物を淡黄色固体で得る(26mg、22%)。
4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニルアミドリン酸ジエチルの調製
エチル{4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロキシ-1-(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニル}アミドリン酸ジエチルの調製
4-[2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-ヒドロ(トリフルオロメチル)エチル]フェニルホスホン酸ジエチルの調製
2-フェノキシ-N-[4-(トリフルオロアセチル)フェニル]アセトアミドの調製
4-ニトロ安息香酸メチル(4.0g、22.0mmol)をアルゴン雰囲気下で無水CH2Cl2(80mL)に溶解する。次いで溶液を-78℃に冷却する。この溶液に(トリフルオロメチル)トリメチルシラン(4.08mL、27.6mmol)と、続いて固体フッ化テトラブチルアンモニウム(560μL、0.56mmol)を加える。淡紅色溶液をゆっくり室温に戻し、20時間撹拌する。橙色溶液を水、食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥し、減圧下で蒸発させる。次いで、粗TMSエーテルをアセトン(60mL)に溶解した後、8M HCl(30mL)およびトリフルオロ酢酸(2mL)を加える。黄色溶液を水、飽和NaHCO3、食塩水で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥し、溶媒を減圧下で蒸発させる。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィ(ヘキサン:CHCl3=1:9、CHCl3、メタノール:CHCl3=3.5:96.5)で精製して、表題化合物を黄色固体で得る(3.05g、63.0%)。
4-ニトロ-2',2',2'-トリフルオロアセトフェノン(3.05g、13.9mmol)、氷酢酸(30mL、500mmol)、および鉄粉末(4.7g、83mmol)を95%エタノール(63mL)に加える。次いで、混合物を17時間加熱還流する。褐色混合物をセライトを通してろ過し、減圧下で蒸発させる。残渣をトルエンと2回共沸させていかなる残留酢酸も除去する。褐色固体をクロロホルムと混合し、シリカゲルパッドを通してろ過して極性不純物を除去し、表題化合物を黄色固体で得る(2.08g、79.1%)。
4-アミノ-2',2',2'-トリフルオロアセトフェノン(595mg、3.15mmol)およびポリ(4-ビニルピリジン)(720mg、6.3mmol)を無水CH2Cl2(20mL)中で混合する。この懸濁液に塩化フェノキシアセチル(450μL、3.26mmol)を加え、反応混合物を室温で24時間撹拌する。混合物をろ過し、有機溶媒を減圧下で除去する。黄色固体を調製用TLC(100%CHCl3)で精製して、表題化合物を無色固体で得る(705mg、69.2%)。
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US7279477B2 (en) | 2007-10-09 |
US20040063671A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
JP2008100998A (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
EP1377290B1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
ES2274005T3 (es) | 2007-05-16 |
JP4267920B2 (ja) | 2009-05-27 |
AU2002241966A1 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
ATE341539T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
JP2004523542A (ja) | 2004-08-05 |
US20080070869A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
DE60215139D1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
EP1377290A2 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
DE60215139T2 (de) | 2007-08-16 |
WO2002064136A3 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
WO2002064136A2 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
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