JP4706023B2 - スルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテル、その製造方法及び電解質膜 - Google Patents
スルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテル、その製造方法及び電解質膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4706023B2 JP4706023B2 JP2005514473A JP2005514473A JP4706023B2 JP 4706023 B2 JP4706023 B2 JP 4706023B2 JP 2005514473 A JP2005514473 A JP 2005514473A JP 2005514473 A JP2005514473 A JP 2005514473A JP 4706023 B2 JP4706023 B2 JP 4706023B2
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- aromatic ring
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- sulfonated
- aromatic
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- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 title claims description 82
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 sulfonated fluorenyl diphenol compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005115 alkyl carbamoyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 13
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BTLJHKIMMQUWHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound ClCCl.OS(Cl)(=O)=O BTLJHKIMMQUWHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- IFVTZJHWGZSXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenylene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 IFVTZJHWGZSXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound CCC[N+]([O-])=O JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012028 Fenton's reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007344 nucleophilic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LUMVCLJFHCTMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical class O.[OH-].[K+] LUMVCLJFHCTMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
上記事情に鑑みて、本発明の課題は、燃料電池の高出力化を図るために燃料電池の電解質に好適なスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテル及びその製造方法を提供することである。更に本発明は、そのスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルを用いた、優れた電解質膜を提供することを課題とする。
式(1)中、x、yは0〜3の整数であり、スルホン酸化度を表す。但し、xとyが共に0である場合を除く。n、mは、2以上の整数であり、重合度を表す。
式(3)中、x、yは0〜3の整数であり、スルホン酸化度を表す。但し、xとyが共に0である場合を除く。nは、2以上の整数であり、重合度を表す。
式(5)中、n、mは、2以上の整数であり、重合度を表す。
本発明により、耐熱・耐化学安定性に優れる芳香族ポリエーテルにイオン性官能基を導入することにより、低コストで耐久性に優れるプロトン伝導製膜を得ることが可能となった。更に本発明により、側鎖のフルオレニル基にのみスルホン酸基を有することを特徴とする、新たなスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルの製造方法が提供された。本発明のスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルは、スルホン酸基の導入部位が極めて明確に規定されており、主鎖中の芳香環にスルホン酸基を全く有していない。このために本発明の電解質膜は、100℃以上でのプロトン伝導度と、酸化・加水分解安定性が共に優れているという利点を有する。
本発明のスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルは、上記の一般式(1)で表されることを特徴とする。
一般式(1)で示されるスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルは、一般式(5)で表される芳香族ポリエーテルをスルホン酸化することによって得ることができる。
式(7)中、Ar1は炭素数6から20からなる含芳香環基であり、当該含芳香環基においてフェニレン基又はナフチレン基である芳香環を含み、かつ当該含芳香環基中において複数の該フェニレン基がN、O、Sなどのヘテロ原子、ケトン基、スルホン基又は脂肪族基を介して結合していてもよく、該芳香環の一部の水素原子が脂肪族基、ハロゲン原子、パーフルオロ脂肪族基、スルホン酸基などの置換基で置換されていてもよい。具体例は、上記一般式(1)におけるAr1と同様である。
本発明の電解質膜は、上記スルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルを主成分とする高分子材料からなる。すなわち、本電解質膜はこの高分子材料を適正な方法で製膜したものである。高分子材料の製膜方法は特に限定されるものではなく、溶液を平板上にキャストするキャスト法、ダイコータ、コンマコータ等により平板上に溶液を塗布する方法、溶融した高分子材料を延伸等する方法など、本技術分野で一般的に用いられている方法を採用することができる。この高分子材料の成分として、上記スルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルを単独で用いても、その他の高分子電解質等と混合して用いてもよい。
[芳香族ポリエーテルの製造]
シール付の水銀温度計、窒素導入口、還流管を付した100mLの三つ口フラスコに0.35g(1.0mmol)の9,9−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン(東京化成工業社製)と、0.25g(1.0mmol)の4−フルオロフェニルスルホン(ACROS社製)と、0.35g(2.5mmol)の炭酸カリウム(関東化学社製)と、3mLの脱水N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc、関東化学社製)を加えた。この混合物を窒素気流下で攪拌して、透明均一溶液を得た。この溶液を140℃で3時間、165℃で3時間加熱した。反応終了後、6mLのDMAcを加えてから常温まで冷却し、300mLの純水中に反応溶液をゆっくりと滴下した。得られた沈殿物を吸引ろ過によって回収し、80℃の純水で3時間洗浄した後メタノールで洗浄し、60℃で15時間真空乾燥すると0.55gの白色繊維状の芳香族ポリエーテルが得られた。
[芳香族ポリエーテルの製造]
シール付の水銀温度計、窒素導入口、還流管を付した100mLの三つ口フラスコに0.18g(0.5mmol)の9,9−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン(東京化成工業社製)と、0.11g(0.5mmol)のビスフェノールA(関東化学社製)と、0.25g(1.0mmol)の4−フルオロフェニルスルホン(ACROS社製)と、0.35g(2.5mmol)の炭酸カリウム(関東化学社製)と、3mLの脱水N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc、関東化学社製)を加えた。この混合物を窒素気流下で攪拌して、透明均一溶液を得た。この溶液を140℃で3時間、165℃で3時間加熱した。反応終了後、6mLのDMAcを加えてから常温まで冷却し、300mLの純水中に反応溶液をゆっくりと滴下した。得られた沈殿物を吸引ろ過によって回収し、80℃の純水で3時間洗浄した後メタノールで洗浄し、60℃で15時間真空乾燥すると0.49gの白色繊維状の芳香族ポリエーテルが得られた。
[芳香族ポリエーテルのスルホン酸化]
参考例1で得られた芳香族ポリエーテル0.30g(0.5mmol)を、50mLの脱水ジクロロメタン(関東化学社製)に溶解し、滴下漏斗に入れた。100mLナスフラスコ中に、0.1Mのクロロ硫酸ジクロロメタン溶液5mLを入れた(試験例1)。上述の芳香族ポリエーテル溶液を滴下漏斗で滴下すると薄赤色の沈殿物が析出した。そのまま攪拌しながら常温で3時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応溶液をヘキサン中に滴下して、得られた沈殿物を吸引ろ過によって回収した。ヘキサンでよく洗浄した後、80℃で15時間真空乾燥すると、白桃色のスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルが得られた。この化合物の1H−NMRスペクトルを図2に示す。1H−NMRスペクトルの積分値より、フルオレニル基あたり0.28個のスルホン酸基が導入されていること(スルホン酸化率28%、イオン交換容量0.92meq/g)を確認した。また上記と同様の手順で、0.1Mのクロロ硫酸ジクロロメタン溶液を7.5mL、15mL用いてスルホン酸化を行った(それぞれ試験例2(スルホン酸化率35%、イオン交換容量1.14meq/g)、試験例3(スルホン酸化率64%、イオン交換容量1.92meq/g))。
[芳香族ポリエーテルのスルホン酸化]
参考例2で得られた芳香族ポリエーテルを50mLの脱水ジクロロメタン(関東化学社製)に溶解し、100mLのナスフラスコへ入れた。0.1Mのクロロ硫酸ジクロロメタン溶液10mLを、滴下漏斗に入れた。上述の芳香族ポリエーテル溶液に、クロロ硫酸溶液を滴下すると薄赤色の沈殿物が得られた。そのまま攪拌しながら40℃で5時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応溶液をヘキサン中に滴下して、得られた沈殿物を吸引ろ過によって回収した。ヘキサンでよく洗浄した後、80℃で15時間真空乾燥すると、白桃色のスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルが得られた(試験例4)。この化合物の1H−NMRスペクトルを図3に示す。1H−NMRスペクトルの積分値より、フルオレニル基あたり0.15個のスルホン酸基が導入されていること(スルホン酸化率15%、イオン交換容量0.57meq/g)を確認した。また上記と同様の手順で、0.1Mのクロロ硫酸ジクロロメタン溶液を15mL、20mL、30mL用いてスルホン酸化を行った(それぞれ試験例5(スルホン酸化率25%、イオン交換容量0.92meq/g)、試験例6(スルホン酸化率38%、イオン交換容量1.35meq/g)、試験例7(スルホン酸化率53%、イオン交換容量1.71meq/g))。
[スルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルの製造]
シール付の水銀温度計、窒素導入口、還流管を付した100mLの三つ口フラスコに0.35g(0.5mmol)の9,9−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−2,7−ジスルホフルオレン、0.1g(0.5mmol)のビスフェノールA、0.25g(1.0mmol)の4−フルオロフェニルスルホン、1.3g(4.0mmol、Aldrich社製)の炭酸セシウム、5mLの脱水N−メチルピロリドン(NMP、関東化学社製)、0.8mLのトルエン(関東化学社製)を加えて溶解し、モノマーの溶解を確認後、200℃まで加熱して21時間反応させた。反応終了後NMPを10mL加えてから常温まで冷却し、1%塩酸を含むメタノール中に反応溶液を滴下した。得られた沈殿物を吸引ろ過によって回収し、メタノールで洗浄した後、60℃で15時間真空乾燥すると0.65gの薄茶色のスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテル(イオン交換容量1.55meq/g)が得られた。
溶液キャスト法により製膜を行った。上記スルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルを濃度が3wt%となるようにN,N−ジメチルアセトアミドに溶解した。この溶液をガラス板上にキャストした。60℃で12時間常圧乾燥した後、更に80℃で12時間真空乾燥して、膜を得た。この膜を1Nの硝酸水に12時間浸漬した(酸処理工程)。この酸処理工程を更に2回繰り返した。その後60℃の純水で膜を洗浄し、80℃で15時間真空乾燥を行うことにより、電解質膜を得た。これを各試験の試験試料とした。
各試験試料を、フェントン溶液(2ppmの硫酸第一鉄を含有する3%過酸化水素水溶液)中、80℃で加熱した。試験試料の外観を経時的に観察した。試料の膜が溶解を始めた時間と完全に溶解した時間とを記録した。
各試験試料を、140℃で相対湿度100%の雰囲気下で24時間放置した。試験試料の分子量変化を測定した。分子量はGPC法により測定した重量平均分子量(Mw)を示し、標準ポリスチレン試料を用いた換算値とした。
各試験試料を、5×40mmの大きさに切り取り、4端子法により交流インピーダンスを測定した。測定は80℃、および120℃で相対湿度100%、電流値として0.005mAの定電流、掃引周波数として10〜20000Hzの条件で行った。得られたインピーダンスと膜端子間距離(10mm)、膜厚(30μm)から、プロトン伝導度を算出した。
前述の報告(特開2003−147074)によると、9,9−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン、ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホン、4,4’−ジフルオロジフェニルスルホンから得られた共重合芳香族ポリエーテルをスルホン酸化した電解質には、フルオレニル基だけでなく、エーテル酸素原子と結合した主鎖芳香環にもスルホン酸基が導入されていることが示されている。即ち、特開2003−147074記載のスルホン酸化された共重合芳香族ポリエーテルは、本発明のスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルとは異なり、側鎖フルオレニル基にのみスルホン酸基が導入されたものではなく、その事はNMRスペクトルのデータにおいても示されている。そして特開2003−147074において、電解質膜を65℃の水中に3日間浸漬して膜の形態を目視観察したところ、安定であったと示されている。しかし、特開2003−147074において採用している条件は液性が中性であって、且つ温度もそれ程高温ではなく、本発明の実施例における耐酸化安定性(2ppmの硫酸第一鉄を含有する3%過酸化水素水溶液、80℃)、耐加水分解性(相対湿度100%の雰囲気下、140℃)の条件と比較して、非常に緩やかな条件である。特開2003−147074の実施例1に従って製造した試験試料は、常温においても水に溶解し、相対湿度100%の雰囲気下、140℃の条件下では、膜が完全に崩壊した。すなわち、本発明の実施例に記載された試験試料は、特開2003−147074に記載された試験試料よりも厳しい条件で耐えうることが明らかである。また、特開2003−147074に記載の試験試料のプロトン伝導度は80℃、相対湿度95%の条件下で0.21S/cmであることが報告されている(特開2003−147074、表1)。本実施例のスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルのプロトン伝導度は、より高い温度条件下(120℃、相対湿度100%)において、特開2003−147074に記載の試験試料の値に対して2倍以上高い値である。
Claims (7)
- 基本骨格が一般式(1)で表されることを特徴とするスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテル。
式(1)中、x、yは0〜3の整数であり、スルホン酸化度を表す。但し、xとyが共に0である場合を除く。n、mは、2以上の整数であり、重合度を表す。) - 基本骨格が一般式(3)で表されることを特徴とするスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテル。
式(3)中、x、yは0〜3の整数であり、スルホン酸化度を表す。但し、xとyが共に0である場合を除く。nは、2以上の整数であり、重合度を表す。) - 一般式(5)で表される芳香族ポリエーテルの側鎖のみをスルホン酸化することを特徴とするスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルの製造法。
式(5)中、n、mは、2以上の整数であり、重合度を表す。) - 芳香族ポリエーテルの側鎖のみをスルホン酸化することを特徴とし、一般式(6)で表されるスルホン酸化フルオレニルジフェノール化合物、
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一つの請求項に記載のスルホン酸化芳香族ポリエーテルを製膜して得ることを特徴とする電解質膜。
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DE102006036496A1 (de) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-02-07 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Sulfonierte Polyarylverbindungen, Membranmaterial daraus, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung |
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