JP4115506B2 - Method for continuous excavation of a mine having a bent portion - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for continuously excavating a mine having a bent portion, such as a case where a shaft is excavated from the ground side to a predetermined depth and then a horizontal shaft is continuously excavated from the bottom of the shaft.

  Conventionally, excavation of horizontal and inclined shafts using a rock tunnel excavator (TBM) has been performed. After excavating the shaft down to a predetermined depth from the ground side with this tunnel excavator, the bottom of the shaft is excavated. Since it is difficult to change the direction of the tunnel excavator in an arbitrary direction at a steep angle, it is difficult to continuously excavate a tunnel having a bent portion of an arbitrary angle, such as continuously excavating a horizontal shaft from Not done.

  On the other hand, in the case of a shield excavator used in a sediment tunnel instead of a rock tunnel, as a method of continuously excavating a vertical shaft and a horizontal shaft with one excavator, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, A shield machine is supported at the front end opening of the shaft shield frame with a propulsion jack so that the shield machine can be swung freely, and the outer peripheral surface from the outer peripheral surface of the skin plate of the shield machine to the rear end of the shaft shield frame. Using a drilling device with a sheath pipe detachably attached, first, a reaction force was applied to the segment that covered the excavation wall surface while the shield excavator and the shaft shield frame were held straight by the sheath pipe. After extending the shaft by extending the propulsion jack and excavating to a predetermined depth, the shield excavator is swung horizontally to excavate the horizontal shaft. It is being carried out.

  At this time, in order to turn the shield excavator from the vertical state to the horizontal direction, first, a plurality of the above-mentioned sheath pipes that hold the shield excavator and the shield frame for the shaft in a straight shape are installed on the ground. By driving a winch, the shield excavator is pulled horizontally to the ground via a wire, and then the swivel jack connecting the shaft frame and the rear spherical wall of the shield excavator is operated to move the shield excavator horizontally. Is aimed at. Next, after dismantling and removing the above-mentioned rear spherical wall of the swivel jack and shield excavator, the swivel center shaft, etc., the skin plate is added in a cylindrical shape, and the facilities necessary for excavation of the horizontal shaft are installed inside it. ing.

JP-A-3-183895

  However, according to the excavation device between the vertical shaft and the horizontal shaft, when excavating the vertical shaft, the shield excavator always presses the cutter head against the face by its own weight. In addition to not being able to excavate efficiently according to the rock quality, there is a possibility that the excavation bit will be damaged in a short time due to excessive pressure acting on the excavation bit of the cutter head.

  Even if it can be applied to a rock tunnel, when the excavator is turned to a horizontal state after excavation of the shaft, the sheath pipe that holds the shield excavator and the shaft shield frame straight must be removed. In addition, since the sheath tube is in sliding contact with the excavation wall surface, even if an attempt is made to drive a plurality of winches installed on the ground and pull them up through the wire, the sheath tube is locked to the excavation wall surface and can be smoothly pulled up. However, there is a problem that the removal work requires a lot of trouble.

  In addition, even if the swivel jack that connects the vertical frame and the rear spherical wall of the shield excavator is operated, the shield excavator cannot be swiveled 90 degrees at a time. Need to be replaced. In addition, after turning the shield excavator horizontally, after dismantling and removing the swivel jack, the rear spherical wall of the shield excavator, the swivel center shaft, etc., add the skin plate into a cylindrical shape and add it inside. Since the equipment necessary for excavation of the horizontal shaft is installed, it is necessary to remodel the shield excavator for horizontal shaft excavation except for the cutter head, which is almost different from that for vertical shaft excavation. There was a problem that a long construction period was required for excavation work from the vertical shaft to the horizontal shaft. Further, when turning again at a steep angle, it is necessary to reattach the above-described sheath tube, turning jack, and spherical wall, which is practically difficult.

  For this reason, it cannot be used in rock tunnels. For this reason, when constructing a bent part in a rock tunnel, take out the excavator and the subsequent carriage, etc., and use a rock drill or the like. After excavating the tunnel tip (face), there is only a means to carry the excavator and the subsequent carriage into the mine again, change the direction of the excavator to the desired direction, and re-dig up. Was necessary and very difficult.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems. The object of the present invention is to continuously and efficiently excavate a pit having a bent portion using a gripper type rock tunnel excavator (TBM). An object of the present invention is to provide a continuous excavation method for a mine having a bent portion.

In order to achieve the above object, the method for continuously excavating a mine having a bent portion according to the present invention is as described in claim 1, while pressing the grippers disposed on the four sides of the excavator body against the excavation wall surface of the mine. After excavating the mine by propelling the excavator main body and excavating the mine to a predetermined length, the excavator main body is slightly retracted and separated from the face surface, and in this state, the gripper arranged in four directions Of these, the set of grippers facing the digging wall of the excavator body is crimped to the digging wall of the pit while the other set of grippers is contracted, and then crimped to the digging wall. Rotate the excavator body to a predetermined angle with the fulcrum as a fulcrum, then extend the other set of grippers that have been shrunk and crimp them to the excavation wall, and then shrink one set of grippers this along with the Returns a set of grippers in posture can fully close contact with the drilling wall of pit drilling the outer surface is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the excavator body, after accordingly, pressing all grippers drilling wall However, it is characterized by propelling the excavation body in a new direction and excavating the mine.

  The gripper disposed on the four sides of the excavator main body is pushed against the excavation wall surface of a pit, for example, a vertical shaft, and the excavator main body is supported by the excavation wall surface, and the vertical shaft is advanced by propelling downward. At this time, the excavator body may be propelled by another jack while adjusting the support force of the excavator body with respect to the excavation wall surface by a plurality of jacks connecting the excavator body and the gripper. As a jack, it consists of a propulsion slanted jack inclined toward the rear side of the excavator body and a slanted jack slanted from the support base toward the front side of the excavator main body. The excavator main body can be propelled by the propulsion jack while the gripper is pressed against the excavation wall surface by the inclined jack with a predetermined pressing force.

  After excavating a shaft to a certain depth in this way, when excavating a horizontal shaft oriented at a predetermined angle, for example, a right angle with respect to the shaft, first of all the grippers arranged in four directions are excavated. With the pair of grippers facing in the diametrical direction of the machine main body pressed against the excavation wall surface of the shaft, the other set of grippers is contracted, and then the above-mentioned pair of grippers being crimped to the excavation wall surface The excavator body is rotated as a fulcrum from the vertical state to the horizontal state. At this time, the cutter head of the excavator main body is rotated to change the direction while cutting the bottom wall surface of the shaft, and the rotation of the excavator main body is the above-mentioned set of pressure-bonded to the excavation wall surface. The excavator body is moved with respect to the gripper by an appropriate rotation drive mechanism such as a rack and a pinion.

  When the excavator body changes its orientation in the horizontal direction, the other pair of grippers that have been shrunk change its direction integrally with the excavator body and the outer surface curved in a convex arc shape is One set of grippers that are crimped to the excavation wall of the shaft remains in a shape suitable for excavation of the shaft even if the main body of the excavator changes the horizontal direction. Therefore, after extending the other set of grippers that had been contracted so far and crimping them to the excavation wall surface, one set of grippers is contracted and these grippers are moved by an appropriate rotation drive mechanism. Rotate 90 degrees so that the outer surface curved in a convex arc shape can be crimped to the excavation wall surface of the horizontal shaft. After that, the excavator body is propelled and the horizontal shaft is dug in the same way as when the shaft is dug.

  As described above, according to the continuous excavation method for a mine having a bent portion according to the present invention, as described in claim 1, first, the grippers disposed on the four sides of the excavator body are pressed against the excavation wall surface of the mine. Since the excavator body is driven while the excavator body is propelled, it is possible to excavate according to the situation of the face ground without excessive force acting on the cutter head due to the weight of the excavator body. It is possible to excavate the same mine efficiently.

Further, after excavating the mine to a predetermined length, the excavator main body is slightly retracted to be separated from the face surface, and in this state, the gripper disposed in four directions is opposed to the diameter direction of the excavator main body. One set of grippers is crimped to the excavation wall of the mine, while the other set of grippers is contracted, and then the excavator body is rotated at a predetermined angle with the set of grippers being crimped to the excavation wall as a fulcrum. Therefore, even if the angle is steep, the entire excavator body can be easily and reliably turned in a predetermined direction, and the mine is smoothly prepared for excavation and has a bent portion. Can be continuously drilled.

In addition, after the excavator body turns in a predetermined direction at a steep angle, the other set of grippers that have been shrunk are stretched and crimped to the excavation wall surface, while one set of grippers is shrunk. At the same time, the pair of grippers are rotated around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the excavator body so that the outer surface of the pair of grippers can be brought into close contact with the excavation wall surface of the pit to be excavated. This tunnel excavator is made by pushing the digging wall against the excavation wall and propelling the excavation body in a predetermined direction so that the grippers arranged on the four sides of the excavation machine main body are suitable for excavation of the mine. Thus, a continuous pit can be smoothly excavated to a predetermined length via the bent portion.

  Next, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a simplified longitudinal front view of a tunnel excavator A excavating a shaft B, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the gripper portion. The excavator main body 1 is formed by integrally fixing a rectangular frame 1b having a circular inner surface on an outer peripheral surface of a middle portion in a length direction of a rectangular tubular body 1a having a certain length. The gripper 2 that expands and contracts in the radial direction by a plurality of jacks 3A and 3B on four flat surfaces parallel to the length direction of the excavator body 1 in the rectangular frame 1b, that is, on the outer periphery of the rectangular frame 1b. And a cutter head 4 is rotatably disposed on the tip (lower end) side of the rectangular tubular body 1a.

  In the gripper 2 disposed on the outer periphery of the rectangular frame 1b in the excavator main body 1, one set of grippers 2A and 2A facing the diameter direction of the excavator main body 1 is a shaft of the excavator main body 1. The other pair of grippers 2B and 2B which are mounted so as to be rotatable around an axis orthogonal to the center and which face the diameter direction of the excavator body 1 are the same as the one set of grippers 2A and 2A. Although it may be mounted so as to be rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the excavator body 1, in the drawing, it is mounted on the mutually parallel surfaces of the rectangular frame 1b so as not to rotate. .

  The mounting structure of these grippers 2A and 2B to the rectangular frame 1b of the excavator body 1 will be described in more detail. A fixed base plate 5 as shown in FIG. The support bases 6A and 6A are superposed on one set of the fixed base plates 5 and 5 of the two fixed base plates 5 and 5 which are fixed and parallel to each other, and the central portion thereof is the center of the fixed base plates 5 and 5 The support bases 6B and 6B are fixed on a pair of fixed base plates 5 and 5 on the other set of fixed base plates 5 and 5 so as to be pivotally attached to the support shaft 7 projecting from the support bases 6A and 6A. The base ends of the plurality of jacks 3A, 3B are connected to the fixed support bases 6B, 6B so as to be rotatable in the front-rear direction (the length direction of the excavator body 1), and the tip end of the rod is gripper 2A, It is rotatably connected to the inner surface of 2B.

  As the rotation drive mechanism 8 of the rotation support bases 6A, 6A, the side of the rectangular frame 1b and the rotation support base 6A are connected by a jack, and the rotation support base 6A is rotated by the operation of the jack. Alternatively, the rotation support base 6A can be rotated by the operation of the jack while connecting the excavation wall surface t and the rotation support base 6A in an oblique direction with a jack and applying a reaction force to the excavation wall surface. In the figure, a rotation motor 8a is installed on the rectangular frame 1b, and the pinion 8b fixed to the rotation shaft of the motor 8a is attached to the rotation support member 6A. The rotating support member 6A is configured to rotate around the support shaft 7 by being engaged with a circular rack 8c provided integrally around the shaft 7 and driven by a rotating motor 8a. Further, the rotation support base 6A is normally fixed to the fixed base plate 5 with a bolt (not shown) so as not to rotate, and the convex arcuate curved outer surface 2a of the grippers 2A and 2A is circumferentially arranged along the excavation wall surface t. It is kept in the state of facing.

  Further, the jacks 3A and 3B connecting the grippers 2A and 2B and the support bases 6A and 6B are located behind the excavator body 1 from the support bases 6A and 6B toward the grippers 2A and 2B (upward in the drawing). A propulsion inclined jack 3A inclined to the side, and a supporting inclined jack 3B inclined to the front (downward in the figure) side of the excavator body 1 from the support bases 6A, 6B toward the grippers 2A, 2B; The gripper 2A, 2B is crimped to the excavation wall surface t by the extension of the support inclined jack 3B that is inclined forward from the support bases 6A, 6B, and the excavator body 1 moves down more than necessary. In addition, the excavator body 1 is constructed by extending the propulsion inclined jack 3A inclined forward from the support bases 6A and 6B.

  The grippers 2A and 2B are configured so that the outer peripheral surfaces thereof are formed into curved surfaces 2a and 2b that are curved in a convex arc shape in the circumferential direction of the excavation wall surface t, and are fully crimped to the excavation wall surface t. The grippers 2A and 2A mounted on the rotation support bases 6A and 6A are provided with excavators to avoid collision with the cutter head 4 when the excavator body 1 is rotated from the vertical state to the horizontal state. A part of the main body 1 on which the direction is changed (one side in the figure) is formed as an detachable interference part 2 ′.

  Further, the cutter head 4 is formed in a reverse truncated cone shape inclined rearward (upward) from the rotation center portion 41 toward the outer peripheral end, and a large number of roller bits 42 project from the excavation surface. Further, a scraper 44 for taking in excavation sludge into the machine is provided at a side edge facing the rotation direction of the slant take-in opening 43 and provided with a sled take-in opening 43 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. Is installed.

  Further, an arm member 45 is projected from the outer peripheral end of the cutter head 4 toward the inner diameter direction, and a ring member 46 is integrally fixed to the inner end of these arm members 45, and the ring member 46 is attached to the excavator body 1. The rectangular frame 1b is rotatably supported at the lower end (tip) of the circular inner peripheral surface of the rectangular frame 1b, and the internal gear 47 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the ring member 46 is connected to the rectangular frame 1b. The external gear 9a fixed to the rotating shaft of the drive motor 9 installed in the gear is engaged with the cutter 9 and the cutter head 4 is rotated by driving the motor 9.

  The tunnel excavator A constructed in this way is connected to a plurality of planar rectangular (three in the figure) succeeding bases 10, 11 and 12 in a state where they are detachably stacked one on top of the other. 10 to 12, cylindrical support columns 13, 14, 15 of the same size and shape as the rectangular tube body 1a of the excavator main body 1 are integrally provided at the center thereof, and the support columns on the succeeding platforms adjacent to each other vertically The opposite end surfaces of the body are detachably connected and communicated with each other, and the lower end opening of the column body 15 of the lower trailing stage 12 is detachably connected to the upper end opening of the rectangular tubular body 1a. The excavator is configured to be transported upward from the square tubular body 1a of the excavator main body 1 through the support columns 13 to 15 by appropriate conveying means such as a bucket conveyor.

  In addition, the succeeding stands 10-12 formed in the plane rectangular shape are shorter in length and height than the excavation diameter of the vertical shaft B or the horizontal shaft C described later in terms of the length of the diagonal line and the height of each succeeding stand 10-12. Is formed. The upper succeeding platform 10 is provided with equipment for constructing lining concrete on the excavation wall t, for example, the intermediate succeeding platform 11 is provided with various hydraulic facilities, and the lower succeeding platform 12 is locked. A bolt placing device 16 and a lining concrete spraying device (not shown) are arranged to perform operations such as primary lining on the excavation wall surface t.

Next, with the tunnel excavator A configured as described above, in order to excavate the vertical shaft B vertically down to a predetermined depth, grippers 2A and 2B arranged on the four sides of the excavator body 1 are used. tilting jack 3A, to perform the support of tunneling machine a and the subsequent stage 10-12 with taking propulsion reaction force該掘cutting wall t by crimping the excavation wall t by 3B, the inclined rectangular frame 1b obliquely upward The face rock is excavated by rotating the cutter head 4 while propelling the tunnel excavator A vertically downward by extending the propelling inclined jack 3A. In addition, the slanting jack 3B for slanting slantingly downward from the rectangular frame 1b adjusts the pressure-bonding force of the lower ends of the grippers 2A and 2B against the excavation wall surface t so that the tunnel excavator A descends more than necessary. Is to prevent.

  In this way, when the tunnel excavator A is dug downward together with the succeeding platforms 10 to 12 and the shaft B is excavated to a predetermined depth, first, as shown in FIG. After the upper follower base 10 is suspended from the excavation wall t or the ground crane by the wire rope 17 in a state where 10 to 12 are integrally connected, the tunnel excavator A is advanced to a predetermined depth, and the follower base 10 to 12 are cut off from the tunnel excavator A, and then the tunnel excavator A is slightly retracted by extending the slanting jack 3B to be separated from the face surface. The support of the subsequent platforms 10 to 12 is not limited to the above-described configuration. For example, a jack may be attached to several positions on the side of the subsequent platform, and the jack may be extended and crimped to the excavation wall t. .

  In this state, the rotation support base 6A on which one set of grippers 2A and 2A is mounted can be rotated with respect to the fixed base plate 5 by removing the fixing bolts, and as shown in FIG. The gripper 2A, 2A, one side of the interference part 2 'is once removed, and the gripper 2A, 2A is crimped to the excavation wall t, while the other set of grippers 2B, 2B is supported The diameter of the jacks 3A and 3B is reduced to the maximum. Further, if necessary, a roller bit 42 'is mounted on the outermost peripheral end of the cutter head 4.

  After that, when the cutter head 4 is rotated and the motor 8a of the rotational drive mechanism 8 is driven, the one set of the above-mentioned one set in which the pinion 8b fixed to the rotating shaft of the motor 8a is pressure-bonded to the excavation wall surface t. The fixed support bases 6B and 6B in which the motor 8a is installed by moving in the circumferential direction while meshing with the circular rack 8c provided on the outer peripheral end face of the rotation support base 6A of the grippers 2A and 2A are shown in FIGS. As shown in the drawing, the excavator main body 1 rotates around the support shaft 7 with the grippers 2A and 2A as fulcrums, and the excavator body 1 gradually changes its direction from one side to the other side from the vertical state. Cut one side wall surface of t.

  Thus, when the excavator main body 1 is rotated 90 degrees around the support shaft 7 and turned in the horizontal direction, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the other pair of grippers 2B and 2B contracting as shown in FIGS. The outer surface 2b curved in a convex arc shape by changing its direction integrally with the excavator body 1 is directed to the circumferential direction of the excavation wall surface t ′ of the horizontal shaft C to be excavated next. The one pair of grippers 2A and 2A that are pressure-bonded to the excavation wall surface t in FIG. 2 maintains a state suitable for excavation of the shaft B even when the excavator body 1 changes its direction in the horizontal direction.

  In order to make this set of grippers 2A and 2A suitable for excavating the horizontal shaft C, first, as shown in FIG. 9, the back dug portion at the bottom of the excavated shaft B is backfilled. After forming the bottom surface portion D connected to the bottom surface of the horizontal shaft C to be excavated, the other pair of grippers 2B and 2B which are contracted are extended so that the lower gripper 2B facing the bottom surface portion D is The excavator body 1 is supported by being brought into contact with the bottom surface portion D, and after this state, one set of grippers 2A and 2A that are crimped to the excavation wall surface t is contracted.

  After that, when the motor 8a of the rotation drive mechanism 8 is driven, the rotation support bases 6A, 6A rotate on the fixed plates 5, 5, and when the rotation angle reaches 90 degrees, these grippers 2A. , 2A is suitable for excavating the horizontal shaft C, that is, the outer surfaces 2a and 2a curved in a convex arc shape are directed in the circumferential direction of the excavation wall t ′ of the horizontal shaft C.

  Next, the grippers 2A and 2A are attached with the interference portions 2 ′ and 2 ′ removed when the excavator body 1 is rotated to restore the original shape, and then the grippers 2A and 2A are rotated by fixing bolts. The support bases 6A and 6A are fixed to the fixed base plates 5 and 5, respectively. After that, as shown in FIG. 10, a gripper E is interposed between the grippers 2A, 2A and the excavation wall surface t at the bottom of the shaft B, and the grippers 2A, 2A are made uniform on the excavation wall surface t via the padding E. In this state, while the cutter head 4 is rotated, the propulsion inclined jack 3A and the tension inclined jack 3B are operated to excavate the tunnel excavator A in the horizontal direction and excavate the horizontal pit C.

  When the side pit C is excavated for about 20 to 30 m, rails 18 are laid on the inner bottom surface of the side pit C as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 and separated from the excavator body 1 after excavation of the shaft B. The succeeding bases 10 to 12 suspended on the excavation wall surface t in the upper part of the bottom are separated one by one and sequentially arranged on the rail 18 so as to freely run and connected to the excavator body 1 in series. To do. At this time, the wheels 19 of the subsequent platforms 10 to 12 are carried in advance from the ground to the subsequent platforms 10 to 12 when excavating the shaft B, and are laid on the rail 18 after being laid on the rail 18. It is attached to the bottom surface of the succeeding bases 10 to 12 as a cart.

  In this way, the tunnel excavator A is connected to the tunnel excavator A in sequence, using various equipment such as hydraulic equipment and lining equipment disposed in the subsequent carts 10 to 12. Is excavated to excavate a horizontal pit C having a predetermined length. In the above embodiment, the continuous excavation method of the bent portion from the vertical shaft B to the horizontal shaft C has been described. However, the tunnel excavator A is not limited to the vertical shaft B or the horizontal shaft C, and the tunnel (tunnel) being excavated by the tunnel excavator A ) Can be carried out naturally even when continuously excavating a pit in an arbitrary direction at a steep angle with respect to the mine.

The simplified longitudinal front view of the tunnel excavator which excavated the vertical shaft to the predetermined depth. The simplified cross-sectional view of the gripper part arrange | positioned in the four directions. The simplified longitudinal cross-sectional front view of the state which separated the subsequent stand from the excavator main body. The simplified cross section of the state which contracted the other set of grippers. The simplified longitudinal front view of the state which is changing the direction of the excavator body in the horizontal direction. The simplified cross-sectional view of the gripper portion. The simplified longitudinal cross-sectional front view of the state which changed the direction of the excavator main body in the horizontal direction. The simplified cross-sectional view. The simplified longitudinal front view of the state which extended the other set of grippers. The simplified cross-sectional view of one set of gripper portions. The simplified longitudinal front view of the state which excavates the horizontal shaft. The simplified cross-sectional view.

Explanation of symbols

A Tunnel excavator B Vertical shaft C Horizontal shaft t Drilling wall 1 Excavator body
2A, 2B gripper
3A, 3B Inclined jack 4 Cutter head 5 Fixed base plate 6 Support base 8 Rotation drive mechanism

Claims (1)

The excavator body is pushed forward against the excavation wall while pushing the grippers arranged on the four sides of the excavator body, and the excavator body is advanced to the predetermined length, and then the excavator body is slightly retracted. Among the grippers arranged in four directions in this state, the pair of grippers opposed to the diameter direction of the excavator body are pressed against the excavation wall surface of the pit, while the other set The gripper is contracted, and then the excavator body is rotated to a predetermined angle with the set of grippers crimped to the excavation wall surface as a fulcrum, and then the other set of grippers that have been contracted are moved. After extending and crimping to the excavation wall surface, one set of grippers is contracted and the set of grippers is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the excavator body to excavate the outer surface. On the drilling wall Back to the posture that can surface and closely, accordingly after the continuous drilling process of pit having a bent portion, characterized by boring a by promoting anti drilling body while pressing all grippers drilling wall in a new direction.

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