JP2001280078A - Excavating method for excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavating method for an excavator capable of improving the efficiency of a gallery excavation. SOLUTION: A frame 22 is formed with a front part frame 23 and a rear part frame 24 supporting a cutter 21 divided into the front and rear in the excavating direction, and the front part frame 23 and the rear part frame 24 are properly divided in the peripheral direction and are formed expansibly and shrinkably against a gallery by expanding/shrinking jacks 38 and 39. A propulsion jack 50 for giving the prescribed propulsion force is provided between the front part frame 23 and the rear part frame 24. At an excavation, the front part frame 23 is shrunk in diameter, the rear part frame 24 is expanded in diameter, and pressing force is applied to the cutter 21 for the excavation by the propulsion jack 50 via the front part frame 23. After the propulsion jack 50 is extended, the front part frame 23 is expanded in diameter, the rear part frame 24 is shrunk in diameter, an expansion/shrinkage jack 50 is retreated, and the rear part frame 24 is drawn to the front part frame 23 for the excavation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of excavating an excavator for excavating underground to form a shallow tunnel in a coal mine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a long-wall coal mining method as shown in FIG. 13 is known as a method for mining underground coal. According to this long-wall type coal mining method, in addition to excavating parallel underground tunnels 2 and 3 on both sides of a coal seam 1 to be mined, a tip tunnel 4 is connected by connecting the tips thereof, and a cutter loader (drum) is connected to the tip tunnel 4. An excavating machine such as a cutter is installed, the long wall of the tip tunnel 4 is cut down toward the near side (in the direction of the arrow a in the figure), scraped out to the underground tunnels 2 and 3, and carried out by a belt conveyor or the like.

As a machine for excavating the underground tunnels 2 and 3, a tunnel excavator (continuous miner) 5 as shown in FIG. 14 is known. This tunnel excavator 5 is provided with a truncated cone-shaped excavating head 8 at the tip of a boom 7 extending forward of the machine body 6, and by turning the boom 7 up and down or right and left, a predetermined sectional shape is obtained. It is designed to excavate. Excavated coal and rocks are scraped by a loading device 9 provided at the front of the fuselage, transported by a conveyor 10 extending rearward in the center of the fuselage, and loaded on a transport vehicle 11 that follows and travels rearward. It is supposed to be.
The tunnel excavator 5 is normally operated by a worker, and runs on a crawler 12.

[0004]

However, the conventional tunnel excavator 5 has a problem that the excavation efficiency is poor because the size of the excavation head 8 is smaller than the cross section to be excavated. The excavated tunnels 2, 3, and 4 are supported and maintained by driving lock bolts into the roof and side walls. However, in order to ensure the safety of the driver of the tunnel excavator 7, the excavations are slightly excavated. The operation procedure of stopping the operation of the excavation head 8 and driving the rock bolt in advance, and then resuming the operation of the excavation head 8 and excavating must be followed.
Therefore, the excavation speed was further reduced, and when the underground tunnels 2 and 3 reached several kilometers, much of the entire coal mining process had to be devoted to excavation.

In order to solve such a problem, a shield tunneling machine that has been used in mountain tunnels and the like is used.
It is conceivable to perform the excavation in parallel with the excavation of all sections of the underground tunnels 2 and 3 and the construction of rock bolts. However, this type of shield excavator is designed to propel the segment built into the tunnel wall by reaction force and cannot be directly applied to a tunnel excavation without lining. Also, if the tunnel excavator has excavated to the end of the planned length (coal seam), it must return through the underground tunnel, but since the shield excavator has no retreat function, recovery is not possible. Extremely difficult. If it is left at the tip of the underground tunnels 2 and 3, an excavator must be prepared for each coal seam, and the equipment cost becomes excessive, which is impractical and difficult to adopt at all.

It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a method of excavating an excavator capable of improving the efficiency of excavating a tunnel.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a cutter for excavating a ground to a predetermined sectional shape so as to form a tunnel, and a peripheral wall of the tunnel formed by the cutter. In the excavation method of an excavator equipped with a frame that supports a frame, the frame is formed of a front frame and a rear frame supporting a cutter divided in the excavation direction front and rear, the front frame and the rear frame, It is appropriately divided in the circumferential direction and formed so as to be able to expand and contract with respect to the tunnel by a jack for expansion and contraction, and provided with expansion and contraction means for applying a predetermined propulsion force between the front frame and the rear frame. The diameter of the frame is reduced and the rear frame is expanded, and the cutter is excavated by applying a pressing force to the cutter via the front frame by the expansion and contraction means. After the expansion and contraction of the expansion and contraction means, the front frame is expanded. With an excavation method excavator which reduced diameter rearward portion frame stretching means is degenerated to be excavation attract rear part frame to the front portion frame.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the rear frame includes:
2. The excavating method for an excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a bolt driving device, wherein the bolt driving device drives the lock bolt into a pit.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the front frame and the rear frame are in contact with the floor surface of the tunnel and form a main body frame, an upper frame supporting the roof of the tunnel, and a side supporting the side wall. The excavation method of an excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the excavator is formed so as to be able to expand and contract with the frame.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the main frame and the upper frame have flat surfaces in contact with the tunnel, and the left and right side frames have arcuate surfaces in contact with the tunnel. 3. A method for excavating an excavator according to any one of 3.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the excavation device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the front frame is provided with a cover member that is movable forward of the cutter along the roof of the tunnel formed by the cutter. It is a method of excavating the machine.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the excavation method of the excavator according to the fifth aspect, wherein the cover member is movably provided on the upper frame of the front frame.

According to the above construction, the frame is divided into a front frame and a rear frame, and the front frame and the rear frame are appropriately divided in the circumferential direction and formed so as to be freely expandable and contractable by a jack for expansion and contraction. By providing expansion and contraction means between the rear frame and
By expanding the rear frame and pressing it against the tunnel, and reducing the diameter of the front frame, the extensible means is extended and excavated by applying a pressing force to the cutter while receiving the propulsion reaction force at the rear frame. Also, after the expansion and contraction means is extended, the rear frame can be drawn to the front frame by expanding the diameter of the front frame and reducing the diameter of the rear frame to retract the expansion and contraction means. By repeating, while receiving the reaction force at the time of excavation in the tunnel, it is possible to excavate the entire cross section of the underground tunnel etc., and it is also possible to perform support such as rock bolts in parallel, improving the efficiency of excavation work You. Further, after excavation, the front frame and the rear frame can be easily carried out through the excavated tunnel with the reduced diameter of the front frame and the rear frame.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 4 show a case where the present invention is applied to an excavator for excavating and forming a coastal tunnel in a coal mine. The excavator includes a cutter 21 for excavating a ground (a coal seam or a bedrock) 14 in an oval cross-section that is long in the left-right direction when viewed from the front, and a continuous tunnel 2 that is connected to the rear of the cutter 21 and formed by excavation. Frame 22 for supporting the peripheral wall of 3
And is mainly composed of

The frame 22 is appropriately divided before and after the excavation direction, and the front frame 23 and the rear frame 24 thereof contact the floor surface 15 of the underground tunnels 2 and 3 in substantially the same manner, and the body frame 25 constituting the machine body. And an upper frame 26 for supporting the roof 13 and left and right side frames 27 and 28 for supporting the side walls. These frames 25... 28 are spaced at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, and have an outer shape (an oval) substantially corresponding to the cross section cut by the cutter 21. That is, the upper frame 26
Has an upper plate 29 having a straight cross section, and is entirely assembled flat. The side frames 27, 28 are assembled having outer plates 30, 31 having an arc-shaped cross section. The main body frame 25 includes a lower portion 33 formed in a rectangular shape having a bottom plate 32 having a linear cross section, vertical portions 34 erected in the longitudinal direction on both sides of the lower portion 33, and a vertical portion 34. It is composed of an upper horizontal portion 35 and an upper vertical portion 36 connecting the upper ends, and the whole is assembled in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. A partition 37 is attached to the front end of the main body frame 25 to separate it from the cutter 21 side.

The main frame 25 and the upper frame 2
6 and the side frames 27 and 28 are provided with jacks 38 and 39 for expansion and contraction, respectively, so that the diameter can be reduced toward the inside of the machine, and guides 40 and 41 for guiding the expansion and contraction are provided. Have been. As shown in FIG. 8, the expansion / contraction jack 38 for the upper frame 26 has a cylinder 42 mounted vertically before and after the upper vertical portion 36 on each of the left and right sides of the main body frame 25, and is protruded and retracted from the cylinder 42. The tip of the piston rod 43 is connected to the lower surface of the upper frame 26. That is, upper frame 2
Reference numeral 6 denotes a movable range within a predetermined range in which the distance between the lower surface of the upper frame 26 and the upper surface of the upper vertical portion 36 of the main body frame 25 is limited. The guide 40 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 9, each of the vertical portions 34 includes a cylindrical body 44 erected at an upper end thereof, and a cylindrical body 45 suspended from the upper frame 26 coaxially with the cylindrical body 44. By sliding inside 44, the upper frame 26 is guided to move up and down. In addition, expansion / contraction jacks 39 for the left and right side frames 27 and 28 are provided on the front and rear sides and on the upper and lower sides of the main body frame 25, respectively, and as shown in FIG. The tip of the piston rod 47 is attached to the inner surfaces of the side frames 27 and 28, respectively. And guide 41
Are arranged side by side in the vicinity of the expansion / contraction jack 39 and, as shown in FIG. 7, a column 48 projected horizontally from the inner surfaces of the side frames 27 and 28, and a column 4
8 is formed with a cylindrical portion 49 for sliding.

Between the front frame 23 and the rear frame 24, there is provided a propulsion jack 50 which is a telescopic means for applying a predetermined propulsion force necessary for excavation. The propulsion jacks 50 are arranged at the four corners of the main body frame 25 in the upper, lower, left and right directions, and the jack main body 51 is provided on the lower portion 33 and the upper vertical portion 52 of the rear frame 24 along the longitudinal direction. Therefore, especially the upper vertical portion 52
Is formed to be slightly more rigid than the upper vertical portion 36 of the front frame 23 so as to sufficiently support the propulsion jack 50. The left and right expansion / contraction jacks 39 and the guides 41 of the rear frame 24 are provided at positions where they do not interfere with the propulsion jacks 50. The distal end of the piston rod 53 of the propulsion jack 50 is detachably connected to the rear end of the main body frame 25 of the front frame 23. That is, the propulsion jack 50 is used to
The front frame 23 and the cutter 21 are moved forward by taking a reaction force to the rear frame 24 by being expanded and contracted in conjunction with the frame expansion and contraction by the driving of Frame 24
Is attracted.

Next, as shown in FIG.
A pair of left and right main cutters 61 and 62 each rotating around an axis in the excavation direction, and a pair of upper and lower trimming cutters 63 for excavating a portion (Q in the two-dot chain line in the figure) left by the main cutters 61 and 62. , 64. The main cutters 61 and 62 include a shaft 65 serving as a rotation axis, three spokes 66 extending radially from the shaft 65, and a bit (cutter pick) 67 protruding forward at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the spoke 66. It is composed of A bit 68 is also implanted at the front end of the shaft 65 in an arc shape. Further, a water spray nozzle may be provided on the shaft 65 to spray a spray to the face to prevent dust and cutting sparks. The left and right main cutters 61 and 62 are provided with the spokes 6.
6 are arranged side by side in such a way that one spoke 66 enters the middle of the other spoke 66 on the same plane.

The shaft 65 extends rearward as shown in FIG. 1 and is supported by the vertical portion 34 of the main body frame 26, and a gear 69 is provided at the extending end. The gear 69 is engaged with a gear 71 of the electric motor 70 mounted on the lower part 33 of the main body frame 26. A speed reducer 72 is provided between the gear 71 and the electric motor 70. That is, the rotational force of the electric motor 70 is appropriately transmitted to the pair of main cutters 61 and 62, and these are rotationally driven in opposite directions to excavate the front face. As shown in FIG. 3, the outer peripheral end 66 a of the spoke 66 is detachably divided and formed so as to be shorter in accordance with the diameter reduction of the frame 22. As this dividing structure, for example, the dividing surfaces 73 of the spokes 66 may be formed in a concave and convex manner so as to be fitted and fastened with bolts and nuts (not shown). Although FIG. 3 shows a structure in which only the spokes 66 protruding upward or left and right when the diameter is reduced can be divided, all the spokes 66 may be shortened.

Further, a bucket 74 is provided on the back side of the spoke 66 so as to scoop the excavated coal or rock and to put it into a carry-out conveyor 76 via a chute 75. Two chutes 75 are provided corresponding to the left and right main cutters 61 and 62 and are inclined downward toward the center of the fuselage. As shown in FIG. 1, the conveyor 76 is formed by an endless belt 78 wound around a roller 77 located below and in front of the chute 75. Then, as shown in FIG.
The transport surface side is supported by guide rollers 79 appropriately arranged in the main body frame 25, and after slightly ascending, extends horizontally rearward, and is excavated on another conveyor (not shown) or a transport vehicle (not shown) located at the rear of the body. It transports the coal or rock that has been converted.

The trimming cutters 63 and 64 are formed in a saw-tooth shape with a cutter body 80 having a predetermined length and bits 81 planted at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction thereof. In the vicinity of the rear of the bucket 74 at the front end of the front frame 23. That is, the upper trimming cutter 63 is
In addition, lower trimming cutters 64 are arranged on the lower portion 33 of the main body frame 25, respectively. As shown in FIG. 5, the cutter body 80 is accommodated in a box-shaped bracket member 82 with only the bit 81 exposed, and supported by a guide rod 83 extending in the left-right direction via a moving block 84. ing. Both ends of the guide rod 83 are supported by left and right side plates 82 a of the bracket member 82. The moving block 84 is fitted to the guide rod 83 and is slidable in the longitudinal direction. A return cylinder 85 is connected to the moving block 84. Return cylinder 85
Is provided in parallel with the guide rod 83, and the base end of the cylinder body 85 a is connected to the substrate 8 at the rear of the bracket member 82.
2b is supported via a bracket 86, and the tip of the piston rod 85b is connected to the moving block 84 via the bracket 87. That is, the trimming cutters 63 and 64 reciprocate in the left-right direction by the expansion and contraction of the return cylinder 85. The range of the return movement is restricted by a stopper 83a provided on the guide rod 83.

As shown in FIG. 6, the bracket member 82 is provided with an actuator 88 for appropriately moving the trimming cutters 63 and 64 inward and outward of the body. The actuator 88 includes a cylinder 88
The base end of a is pivotally supported inside the lower frame 33 or the upper frame 26 via a bracket 89, and the distal end of a piston rod 88b is pivotally supported via a bracket 90 on the back side of the substrate 82b. And near the pivot point,
The board 82b is connected to the frames 33, 2 via the bracket 91.
A support shaft 92 is provided in the left-right direction to support the support shaft 6. That is, the bracket member 82 is lowered about the support shaft 92 by the expansion and contraction drive of the actuator 88,
The trimming cutters 63 and 64 are movable in and out of the body. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6A, in normal excavation, the bit direction of the trimming cutters 63 and 64 is maintained at a predetermined angle θ with respect to the vertical direction, for example, at 45 degrees, and as necessary. By retracting the actuator 88 to rotate the bracket member 82 clockwise in the figure as shown in FIG. 6B, the bit 81 is directed toward the inside of the machine and the entire bracket member 82 is It is designed to be located inside the body. In addition, for example, when adjusting the amount of extra digging or performing bending excavation, the actuator 88 is extended so that both the upper and lower sides or one of them is extended more than usual, and the bit 81 is rotated and moved so as to protrude largely outside the body. ). When the trimming cutters 63 and 64 are directed toward the inside of the machine, the bracket member 82 may interfere with the partition wall 37. In order to avoid this, FIG.
As shown in the above, the portion supporting the actuator 88 of the frames 33 and 26 may be formed so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction, and this portion may be appropriately advanced by a distance L by extension of another actuator 93. Good. In addition, an inclined guide plate 82c for appropriately guiding excavated coal or the like is formed on the inner side of the machine of the bracket member 82,
On the upper side, the main cutter 6 is guided to the chute 75, and on the lower side, is pushed forward according to the excavation.
1, 62 buckets 74 so that they can be scooped. Further, an auxiliary guide 94 is provided on the bracket member 82 behind the guide rod 83 in order to sufficiently receive the excavation reaction force of the trimming cutters 63 and 64.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the upper frame 26 of the front frame 23 is provided with a cover member 95 which moves along the roof 13 of the underground tunnels 2, 3 formed by the cutter 21. Have been. This covering member 95 is
9 is formed as an outer plate out of the two stacked members, and is slidable with respect to the inner plate 96. A cylinder 97 is provided on the upper frame 26, and a distal end of the piston rod 97a is connected to the cover member 95, and projects forward of the cutter 21 by extension thereof. That is, when a bit is replaced or maintenance is performed during excavation, an operator enters between the face and the cutter 21. At this time, falling of rocks from the roof 13 immediately after excavation is prevented, and You can ensure the safety of.

Also, as shown in FIG.
5 is provided with a vent pipe 98 for ventilation. Then, each jack (38,
39, 50...), An operator cab (not shown) for controlling excavation, and the like. This operator's cab may be provided on the wellhead side separated from the frame 22 to perform the excavation operation by remote control. Further, a lock bolt 99 is mounted on a rear deck (not shown) of the rear frame 24 with the roof 13 of the underground tunnels 2 and 3.
And a bolt driving device 100 for driving to the side wall. Note that the bolt driving device 100 is not necessarily provided on the rear deck, and may be separately mounted on a traveling vehicle or the like that travels following the excavation.

Next, the excavator having the above structure is used for the underground tunnel 2,
The step of excavating No. 3 will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, first, the propulsion jack 50 is kept in a reduced state,
The front frame 23 contracts the expansion / contraction jacks 38 and 39 so as to reduce the diameter so as to have a slightly smaller outer shape than the cross section excavated by the cutter 21. That is, an appropriate gap S is provided between the roof 13 and the upper surface of the upper frame 26.
₁ is formed, the side wall and the side frame 2
Similar gaps (not shown) are also formed between the first and second members 7 and 28. The rear frame 24 is brought into a state in which the frames 26... 28 as well as the main frame 25 are appropriately pressed against the peripheral wall over the entire circumference by the expansion of the expansion / contraction jacks 38 and 39 (FIG. 10A). . In this state, the main cutters 61 and 62 and the trimming cutters 63 and 64 are driven, and the conveyor 76 is driven. Then, when the propulsion jack 50 is extended, the main cutters 61 and 62 excavate substantially the entire face by the rotation and the pressing force, and the trimming cutters 63 and 64 use the main cutter 6.
Excavate the part left uncut by 1,62 (Fig. 10
B). At this time, the trimming cutters 63 and 64 only cut at the positions where the upper ends of the pair of main cutters 61 and 62 and the lower ends thereof are tangentially connected, but the remaining upper and lower substantially triangular portions (Q ) Is easily separated from the ground 14 due to its own weight or vibration when a crack is formed due to the nature of the coal seam. The coal or the rock excavated by the cutter 21 is scooped by the bucket 74 and carried out rearward by the chute 75 and the conveyor 76.

If the propulsion jack 50 has been dug up to the maximum extension (FIG. 10c), the front frame 23
The expansion and contraction jacks 38 and 39 are extended to bring the upper frame 26 and the side frame 27 into pressure contact with the peripheral wall (S ₂ ), and the expansion and contraction jacks 38 and 39 of the rear frame 24 are reduced. , Each frame 26, 27
Is separated from the roof 13 and the side wall. That is, a state where appropriate gap S ₁ is formed between the upper and Tenban 13 of the upper frame 26 of the rear portion frame 24. In this state, the propulsion jack 50 is retracted, and the rear frame 24 is retracted.
Is drawn forward (d in FIG. 10). At this time, holes for rock bolt driving are drilled in the roof 13 and side walls of the section dug as appropriate with a drill provided in the bolt driving device 100.
The hole is used to inject a chemical solution for stabilization, and a lock bolt 99 is driven and fixed with a nut.
For this support, a net or the like may be used in combination for fixing the lock bolt 99. When the propulsion jack 50 is retracted to the minimum (FIG. 10E), the front frame 2
3 and the rear frame 24 is expanded to return to the initial state (a in FIG. 10), and digging is continued.

When the excavation reaches the planned length, the jacks 38 and 39 for expansion and contraction are contracted to the maximum as shown in FIG. 11 so that the frame outer shape is significantly smaller than the cross section of the underground tunnels 2 and 3. And reduce the diameter. That is, frame 26 ...
A state where a large clearance S ₃ is formed between the 28 and Tenban 13 and side walls. Then, the connection between the piston rod 53 of the propulsion jack 50 and the front frame 23 is released,
A connecting member 102 is attached to a towing vehicle 101 that runs on the underground tunnels 2 and 3.
The rear part frame 24 is connected via (FIG. 11A). Then, the rear frame 24 is carried out by moving the towing vehicle 101 to the wellhead side. At this time, by slightly raising the rear end of the rear frame 24, only the front end is in contact with the ground, and the frictional resistance is reduced (FIG. 11).
B). For this traction, a roller or the like may be provided below the front end of the rear frame 24. If the ground 14 is a coal seam, the excavation surface (floor surface 15) is smooth and the friction coefficient μ is about 0.4, so that it does not become a major obstacle in towing, and is a relatively small towing vehicle. It can be quickly carried out at 101. When the unloading is completed, the towing vehicle 101 is connected to the front frame 23. At this time, if the lower trimming cutter 64 is kept at the same position as the outer surface of the frame or in a protruding state, the frictional resistance due to ground contact increases, and the cutter may be damaged. And FIG.
As shown in (b), it is in a state of being housed inside the machine. Then, the rear frame 2
Then, it is carried out in the same manner as in (4). In some cases, as shown in FIG. 12, the front frame 23 and the rear frame 24 are connected to the towing vehicle 101 in a connected state,
You may carry it out.

When the excavation of the underground tunnels 2 and 3 is completed, a tip tunnel 4 connecting the extremities thereof is excavated (see FIG. 13 described above). At the time of this excavation, the direction may be changed to a right angle in order to excavate with the same excavator following the formation tunnels 2 and 3, but it is difficult to change the direction in a narrow space. Since it is extremely short compared with the layer tunnels 2 and 3, it is assumed that after excavating the excavator of the present invention, a conventional excavator (see FIG. 14 described above) is carried in and excavated. When this excavation is completed, a drum cutter is carried into and installed in the tip end tunnel 4, the coal seam between the two underground tunnels 2 and 3 is excavated, and full-scale coal mining is performed.

As described above, the cutter 21 excavating with the oval cross section, and the underground tunnel 2 formed by the cutter 21,
3 and a frame 22 for supporting the peripheral wall, and the frame 22 is formed so that the diameter of the frame 22 can be reduced, so that the entire cross section of the tunnel can be excavated at once and the rock bolts 99 can be installed in parallel. Efficiency is greatly improved, and unloading after excavation can be performed extremely easily and quickly, which contributes to drastically shortening the construction period of excavation and coal mining of the underground tunnels 2, 3. Then, divide the frame 22 back and forth,
In the meantime, the propulsion jack 50 is provided, so that the propulsion reaction force can be reliably obtained without depending on the frictional force with the bottom wall of the tunnel due to the weight of the fuselage. Is further improved.

The dividing interval and the range of expansion and contraction in the circumferential direction of the frame 22 may be such that they do not hinder excavation and retreat, and may correspond to the size of the excavated cross section, the protruding length of the head of the lock bolt 99, and the like. It should be selected appropriately. Further, in this embodiment, the frame is divided into four parts, that is, upper, lower, left and right. Further, the divided frames are not limited to be spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and may be configured to keep a substantially closed state in a digging state and to partially overlap in a reduced diameter state. Further, the case of excavating along the underground tunnel 22 of the coal mine is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be widely applied to tunnel excavation under similar construction conditions.

[0032]

In summary, according to the present invention, the front frame and the rear frame are alternately expanded and contracted to take a reaction force from the tunnel, and the front frame is propelled by the expansion / contraction means and the rear frame is drawn. As a result, the excavation efficiency is greatly improved, and the excavation after excavation can be carried out extremely easily and quickly, which can contribute to a drastic reduction in the construction period of the coal mining process and the like.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view for explaining the operation of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a main part of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line EE of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a side sectional view showing an excavation process by the excavator of FIG. 1;

11 is a side sectional view showing a step of collecting and removing the excavator of FIG. 1.

FIG. 12 is a side sectional view showing another collection and removal method of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view for explaining a long-wall type coal mining method in a coal mine.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a conventional excavator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2, 3 Coastal tunnel (tunnel) 13 Roof (surrounding wall) 14 Ground 21 Cutter 22 Frame 23 Front frame 24 Rear frame 25 Main frame 26 Upper frame 27, 28 Side frame 38, 39 Jack 50 for expansion / contraction Jack (expansion / contraction means) 61, 62 Main cutter 63, 64 Trimming cutter 95 Cover member

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method of excavating an excavator, comprising: a cutter for excavating a ground into a predetermined cross-sectional shape to form a tunnel; and a frame supporting a peripheral wall of the tunnel formed by the cutter. Formed by a front frame and a rear frame that support the cutter divided in the front and rear direction,
The front frame and the rear frame are appropriately divided in the circumferential direction and formed to be freely expandable / contractible with respect to the mine tunnel by a jack for expansion / contraction, and between the front frame and the rear frame,
A telescopic means for providing a predetermined propulsion force is provided, and when excavating, the front frame is reduced in diameter and the rear frame is expanded to apply a pressing force to the cutter via the front frame by the telescopic means. An excavator characterized by excavating and expanding the expansion / contraction means, expanding the diameter of the front frame, reducing the diameter of the rear frame, and contracting the expansion / contraction means, drawing the rear frame to the front frame, and excavating. How to dig. 2. The excavating method for an excavator according to claim 1, wherein the rear frame is provided with a bolt driving device, and the bolt driving device drives the lock bolt into the tunnel. 3. The front frame and the rear frame,
The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the main body frame is in contact with the floor of the tunnel and forms the machine body, an upper frame supporting the roof of the tunnel, and a side frame supporting the side wall are formed so as to be freely expandable and contractable. How to excavate. 4. The main body frame and the upper frame have flat surfaces in contact with the tunnel, and the left and right side frames are
The excavation method of an excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a surface in contact with the tunnel is formed in an arc shape. 5. The excavating method for an excavator according to claim 1, wherein the front frame is provided with a cover member that is movable forward of the cutter along a roof of a tunnel formed by the cutter. 6. The excavating method for an excavator according to claim 5, wherein the cover member is movably provided on an upper frame of the front frame.