JP4106026B2 - 選択的な核酸の単離方法および組成物 - Google Patents
選択的な核酸の単離方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4106026B2 JP4106026B2 JP2003547581A JP2003547581A JP4106026B2 JP 4106026 B2 JP4106026 B2 JP 4106026B2 JP 2003547581 A JP2003547581 A JP 2003547581A JP 2003547581 A JP2003547581 A JP 2003547581A JP 4106026 B2 JP4106026 B2 JP 4106026B2
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- Prior art keywords
- solid phase
- genomic dna
- binding
- rna
- dna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
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Description
本出願は、アメリカ合衆国仮特許出願第60/334,029号(2001年11月28日出願)の利益を主張する。仮特許出願第60/334,029号は、任意の目的で、その全体が本明細書中に参考として援用される。
本発明は、核酸を単離および/または同定するための方法に関する。本発明は、核酸を単離および/または同定するためのキットも提供する。
生物学サンプルから核酸を単離することが、望まれ得る。特定の例において、このような生物学サンプルからの選択的なDNA単離は、有用である。特定の例において、生物学サンプルからの選択的なDNA単離および選択的なRNA単離は、有用である。RNAまたはDNAいずれかの単離のための代表的なプロトコールは、選択的な酵素的分解を、望まない核酸の除去のために使用してきた。
特定の実施形態に従い、生物学サンプルからのDNA単離の方法が、提供される。特定の実施形態において、生物学サンプルからのDNA単離の方法は、以下を包含する:選択的にDNAを結合する条件下での、生物学サンプルの固相との接触による、固相への選択的DNA結合;固相と結合DNAの、生物学サンプルの非結合部分からの分離;および固相からの結合DNAの単離。
上述の一般的記載および以下の詳細な記載の両方は、ただ代表的および説明的なものであり、そして、特許請求されるような発明を限定するものではないことを理解されたい。本出願において、単数形の使用は、特に述べない限り、複数形を含む。本出願において、「または」の使用は、特に述べない限り、「および/または」を意味する。なお、「含む」という用語の使用、ならびにその活用形(「含んだ」および「含んでいる」のような)の使用は、限定しない。
「生物学サンプル」という用語は、広義に使用されており、そして核酸を含む種々の生物学供給源を含むことを意図する。これらの供給源としては、限定されることなく、以下が挙げられる:生検材料および吸引液を含む全組織;一次および二次細胞、形質転換細胞系統、ならびに組織および細胞外植体を含むインビトロ培養細胞;全血、赤血球、白血球、およびリンパ球;尿、痰、精液、分泌物、眼洗浄液および眼吸引液、肺洗浄液、脳脊髄液、膿瘍液、および膿瘍吸引液のような体液。この「生物学サンプル」の定義に含まれるサンプルは、生物学供給源から取り出されるサンプルであり、細胞溶解産物および核酸含有抽出物を含むが、これらに限定されない。核酸を含む任意の生物は、生物学サンプルの供給源になり得る。任意の生物には、以下が含まれるが、限定されない:任意の真核生物、真正細菌、古細菌、またはウイルス。真菌類ならびに、葉、根、茎、および傘のような植物組織。これらもまた本発明の範囲内である。
A.特定の実施形態に従い、生物学サンプルからのDNA単離の方法が、提供され、この方法は、以下の工程を包含する:選択的にDNAに結合する条件下で、生物学サンプルを固相と接触させることによって、この固相にDNAを選択的に結合する工程;結合DNAを含む固相を、生物学サンプルの未結合部分から分離する工程;および固相からDNAを単離する工程。
種々の業者からのシリカマトリックスおよびガラスマトリックスは、pH8での種々の塩を用いてゲノムDNAに結合する能力によって評価した。
本実施例において使用した固相を、実施例1で記載したように調製した。仔ウシ胸腺由来の剪断ゲノムDNAを、実施例1で記載したように調製した。
種々の業者からのシリカ固相およびガラス固相へのRNAの結合特性を、種々の塩を用いてpH8においてアッセイした。
1. 各固相と緩衝液との組み合わせを、1回アッセイした。ラット肝臓全RNA(RNA15μg、水中において濃度2.5mg/mlの6μl)を、以下の緩衝液の1つを0.45ml含む1.5ml微量遠心チューブに加えた:(1)50mM Tris−HCl(pH8)、4.75Mグアニジンチオシアネート;(2)50mM Tris HCl(pH8);4.75Mグアニジン塩酸塩(3)50mM Tris HCl(pH8);4.75M塩化ナトリウム;(4)または50mM Tris−HCl(pH8);4.75Mヨウ化ナトリウム。核酸を、時々攪拌しながら、緩衝化溶液内において、周囲の温度で5分までインキュベートした。これらの混合物を、時々攪拌しながら、周囲の温度で10分間インキュベートした。
DNA結合と固相の間の関係を調査するため、DNAを、種々の塩組成とpHレベルの緩衝液を使用して、幾つかの固相に結合させた。
NaCl>GuSCN>NaBr>NaI
(実施例5)
RNAの結合に対するpHおよび特定の塩の効果もまた、評価した。Binding MatrixおよびGlassmilk粒子の固相を、実施例1で記載したように調製した。ラット肝臓全RNAは、RNAの供給源であった。
Glass Milkの選択性を、結合の間のpHおよびイオン組成の関与として、さらに評価した。Glassmilk Spin Buffer #4を、実施例1に記載したように調製した。剪断仔ウシ胸腺DNAを、実施例1に記載したように調製した。ラット肝臓全RNAが、RNAの供給源であった。
ヨウ化ナトリウム存在下でのDNAおよびRNAの結合に対するpHの効果を、幾つかの固相で評価した。二酸化ケイ素(Sigma,Product Number S−5631,Lot 58H0154)、Davisil Grade 643 Silica Gel(Spectrum,Product Number Sil 66, Lot NE 0387)およびUniform Silica Microspheres(Bangs Laboratories,Inc.Catalog Code SS05N,Inv#L0002188)を、以下の研究に使用した。使用前に、二酸化ケイ素粒子およびDavisil Grade Silica Gel粒子を、以下のように調製した。粒子を水で1回、500mMアンモニウムバイオフルオリドで1回、100mM硝酸で1回、100mM水酸化アンモニウムで2回、300mM水酸化アンモニウムで2回、エタノールで1回、そして水で9回洗浄した。3種の固相の全粒子は、200mg/ml(20%)水中スラリーとして調製し、保存した。
ヨウ化ナトリウムが結合用塩である場合に、DNA選択性に対するpHの影響を、幾つかの固相を使用して、試験した。シリカ(Organon Teknika)、珪藻土、二酸化ケイ素(Sigma Silica)、Binding Matrix、およびGlassmilkを、実施例1で記載したように調製した。結合は、剪断仔ウシ胸腺DNA(実施例1で記載)またはラット肝臓全RNAの存在下で行った。結合は、以下の結合緩衝液内で行った:(1)50mM Tris−HCl(pH8)、4.75M NaI;または(2)50mM AMP(pH10)、4.75M NaI。
二酸化ケイ素へのDNA結合とRNA結合との間の相違、および飽和のレベルを測定するため、以下の実験を行った。試験した固相は、二酸化ケイ素であり、これは、実施例1で記載したように調製した。研究した核酸は、剪断仔ウシ胸腺DNA(実施例1で記載したように調製)およびラット肝臓全RNAであった。
選択性が、結合緩衝液のアルカリ度に起因するRNA分解の結果もたらされたか否かを試験するため、RNAを、pH6またはpH10のいずれかにおいてインキュベートしてから、以下のようなRNA結合に適合した条件下で、シリカと結合させた。全ラット肝臓RNA(全容量10μL中に25μg)を、2連で、100μLの、50mM AMP(pH10、4.8M NaIを含む)、または50mM MES(pH6、4.8M NaIを含む)のいずれかの中で、周囲温度で5分間、10分間、15分間、30分間、または60分間、インキュベートした。示した時間の最後に、1mLの、4.8M NaI含有50mM MES(pH6)を、各チューブに加え、シリカへのRNA結合に適合した条件にした。反応物を混合し、10mgのSigma二酸化ケイ素(実施例1で記載されたように調製)を、全容量50μLで加えた。サンプルを、設定7のVortex Genie−2 mixer(Scientific Industries)上で、周囲温度で10分間インキュベートした。
タンパク質の結合に対するpHの影響を、試験した。各条件を、1回アッセイした。精製ウシ血清アルブミン(1mg、100μlの10mg/ml水溶液、New England Biolab,Lot 938)を、以下を1ml含む1.5ml微量遠心チューブに加えた:(1)50mM MES(pH6.0)、4.75M NaI;(2)50mM Tris−HCl(pH8)、4.75M NaI;または(3)50mM AMP(pH10)、4.75M NaI。固相(10mg)を、別々の緩衝化タンパク質溶液に加え、これらの混合物を、時々混合しながら、周囲温度でインキュベートした。
DNAおよびRNAのシリカへの結合に対する塩組成の影響を、アルカリpHにおいて試験した。二酸化ケイ素(Sigma Silicaとも呼ばれる)を、実施例1で記載したように調製した。剪断仔ウシ胸腺DNAを、実施例1に従って調製した。ラット肝臓全RNAを、RNAの供給源とした。
DNA単離のための選択的条件の識別能力を実証するために、高濃度RNAがゲノムDNAの結合を阻害する能力を試験した。二酸化ケイ素およびゲノムDNAは、実施例1で記載したように調製した。ラット肝臓全RNAを、RNAの供給源とした。
高レベルのRNAが固相への結合においてDNAと競合するかどうかを評価するため、高レベルのRNAを、ゲノムDNAと混合し、非選択的条件および選択的条件の両条件下で結合させた。Sigma二酸化ケイ素および剪断ゲノムDNAを、実施例1で記載したように調製した。ラット肝臓全RNA(Biochain Institute、ロット番号A304057、ロット番号A305062またはロット番号A306073)を、RNAの供給源とした。
以下のように、ヒト全血から、ゲノムDNAを単離した。二酸化ケイ素を、実施例1で記載したように調製した。
特定の実施形態において、DNAおよびRNAの両方を、連続的選択的結合(連続的選択的結合)により、サンプル混合物から単離し得る。代表的な連続的選択的結合を、図17に示す。連続的選択的結合にて、サンプルを、選択的DNA結合に適合した条件下で、固相に接触させた。結合核酸を含む固相を、非結合物質から分離し、そして非結合画分における条件を、固相へのRNA結合に適合した条件に調節した。この第二画分に第二固相を加え、RNAを吸着させた。DNAおよびRNAを、次にそれぞれの固相から単離した。
特定の実施形態において、DNAおよびRNAの両方を、最初に固相へこれらの両種を結合させて、適切な条件下で連続的に各核酸型を放出させること(連続的特異的溶出)により、サンプル混合物から単離し得る。代表的な連続的選択的溶出を、図17に示す。連続的選択的溶出において、サンプルをDNAおよびRNAの両方に結合する条件下で固相と接触させる。洗浄に続き、このRNAを、DNAとのみ結合する条件下で解放する。固相を除去し、DNAおよびRNAを、次に両画分から連続的に精製する。
Claims (27)
- 生物学サンプルからゲノムDNAを単離する方法であって、該方法は、以下:
該生物学サンプルを、選択的ゲノムDNA結合条件下で固相と接触させることにより、ゲノムDNAを、該固相に選択的に結合させる、工程;
該固相と該結合ゲノムDNAを、該生物学サンプルの非結合部分から分離する工程;および
該ゲノムDNAを、該固相から単離する工程、
を、包含し、
該選択的ゲノムDNA結合条件が、以下:
アルカリ性pH;および
少なくともブロミドイオンの大きさである大型アニオン、
を含む結合緩衝液の使用を含み、
該アルカリ性pHが10またはそれより高い、
方法。 - 前記固相からの前記ゲノムDNAの単離が、該ゲノムDNAの溶出を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記固相がケイ酸含有物質である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ酸含有物質が、シリカ、二酸化ケイ素、珪藻土、ガラス、セライト、およびシリカゲルの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記固相が、粒子、ビーズ、膜、フリット、チャンバの表面、および容器の壁の少なくとも1つから選択される形状である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記大型アニオンが、ピクレート、タンネート、タングステート、モリブデート、パークロレート、およびスルホサリチレートの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記大型アニオンが、トリクロロアセテート、トリブロモアセテート、チオシアネート、およびニトレートの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記大型アニオンが、ヨードイオンおよびブロミドイオンの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 生物学サンプルからゲノムDNAおよびRNAを単離するための方法であって、該方法は、以下:
該生物学サンプルを、選択的ゲノムDNA結合条件下で、第一固相と接触させることにより、ゲノムDNAを、該第一固相へ選択的に結合させる工程;
該第一固相と該結合ゲノムDNAを、該生物学サンプルの非結合部分から分離する工程;
該ゲノムDNAを、該第一固相から単離する工程;および
RNAを、該生物学サンプルの該第一非結合部分から単離する工程、
を、包含し、
該選択的ゲノムDNA結合条件が、以下:
アルカリ性pH;および
少なくともブロミドイオンの大きさである大型アニオン、
を含む結合緩衝液の使用を含み、
該アルカリ性pHが10またはそれより高い、
方法。 - 前記第一固相からの前記ゲノムDNAの前記単離が、該ゲノムDNAの溶出を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法であって、前記RNAを前記生物学サンプルの前記第一非結合部分から単離する工程が、以下:
該生物学サンプルの該第一非結合部分を、RNAが第二固相に結合する条件で、該第二固相に晒すこと;
該第二固相と結合RNAを、該生物学サンプルの第二非結合部分から分離すること;および
RNAの溶出により、RNAを、該第二固相から単離すること、
を、包含する、方法。 - RNAが前記第二固相へ結合する前記条件が、中性または酸性pHを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第二固相がケイ酸含有物質である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ酸含有物質が、シリカ、二酸化ケイ素、珪藻土、ガラス、セライト、およびシリカゲルの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記第二固相が、粒子、ビーズ、膜、フリット、チャンバの表面、および容器の壁の少なくとも1つから選択される形状である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記大型アニオンが、ピクレート、タンネート、タングステート、モリブデート、パークロレート、およびスルホサリチレートの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項9〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記大型アニオンが、トリクロロアセテート、トリブロモアセテート、チオシアネート、およびニトレートの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項9〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記大型アニオンが、ヨードイオンおよびブロミドイオンの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項9〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- RNAが前記第二固相へ結合する前記条件が、中性およびアルカリ性pHを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 生物学サンプルにおけるゲノムDNAを同定する方法であって、該方法は、以下:
該生物学サンプルを、選択的ゲノムDNA結合条件下で固相と接触させることにより、ゲノムDNAを、該固相に選択的に結合させる、工程;
該固相と該結合ゲノムDNAを、該生物学サンプルの非結合部分から分離する工程;および
該固相に結合した該ゲノムDNAを、同定する工程、
を、包含し、
該選択的ゲノムDNA結合条件が、以下:
アルカリ性pH;および
少なくともブロミドイオンの大きさである大型アニオン、
を含む結合緩衝液の使用を含み、
該アルカリ性pHが10またはそれより高い、
方法。 - 前記固相に結合した前記ゲノムDNAの同定が、該固相に結合した該ゲノムDNAの増幅を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 生物学サンプルにおけるゲノムDNAおよびRNAを同定する方法であって、該方法は、以下:
該生物学サンプルを、選択的ゲノムDNA結合条件下で、第一固相と接触させることにより、ゲノムDNAを、該第一固相へ選択的に結合させる工程;
該第一固相と該結合ゲノムDNAを、該生物学サンプルの第一非結合部分から分離する工程;
該第一固相に結合した該ゲノムDNAを、同定する工程;および
該生物学サンプルの該第一非結合部分からRNAを同定する工程、
を、包含該選択的ゲノムDNA結合条件が、以下:
アルカリ性pH;および
少なくともブロミドイオンの大きさである大型アニオン、
を含む結合緩衝液の使用を含み、
該アルカリ性pHが10またはそれより高い、方法。 - 前記第一固相に結合した前記ゲノムDNAの同定が、該第一固相に結合した該ゲノムDNAの増幅を含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 以下:
10またはそれより高いアルカリ性pHの緩衝液;
少なくともブロミドイオンの大きさである大型アニオン;および
固相、
を、含む、生物学サンプルからゲノムDNAを単離するためのキット。 - 前記大型アニオンが、ピクレート、タンネート、タングステート、モリブデート、パークロレート、およびスルホサリチレートの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項24に記載のキット。
- 前記大型アニオンが、トリクロロアセテート、トリブロモアセテート、チオシアネート、およびニトレートの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項24に記載のキット。
- 前記大型アニオンが、ヨードイオンおよびブロミドイオンの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項24に記載のキット。
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US8507198B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
US20070224630A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
US20150086988A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
JP2005510233A (ja) | 2005-04-21 |
US20100021905A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
WO2003046146A2 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
EP1448799A4 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
ATE449186T1 (de) | 2009-12-15 |
AU2002359522A8 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
EP1448799B2 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
JP2009039137A (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
US20030138828A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
WO2003046146A3 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
JP2008000146A (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
AU2002359522A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
US7537898B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 |
DE60234464D1 (de) | 2009-12-31 |
US20140065626A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
EP1448799A2 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
US7208271B2 (en) | 2007-04-24 |
EP1448799B1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
US8865405B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
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