JP3449757B2 - Culture treatment method of shochu lees and organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for culturing shochu lees, which is a by-product in the shochu manufacturing process. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for effectively treating and utilizing shochu lees, which is a distillation residue in a shochu manufacturing process, by the action of microorganisms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Distillation residue produced as a by-product in the process of producing shochu is usually called shochu lees, and a part of the conventional one is used as it is or as a fertilizer or a feed after being concentrated and dried. However, shochu lees are easy to rot and difficult to store as they are, and when heating, concentrating and drying, it requires a great deal of cost, which is more expensive than other fertilizers or feeds. There is. Besides, in both cases,
Since the shochu lees have a low pH and are acidic, they have a problem when used in large amounts as fertilizers or feeds. Therefore, most of the shochu lees are currently dumped in the ocean.

On the other hand, ocean dumping also requires a great amount of cost. Moreover, with the recent increase in global environmental conservation movements, a treaty that controls or prohibits dumping into the ocean has been agreed, and there is a risk that shochu lees will not be dumped into the ocean in the near future.

[0004]

Under these circumstances,
There is a strong demand for the development of a method for treating shochu lees by a method that is simple, economically advantageous, and that does not cause environmental pollution, and that obtains a treated product in a form that can be effectively used as desired.
Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide an economically advantageous and simple treatment method for shochu lees. A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating shochu lees which does not cause environmental pollution. A third object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating shochu lees which is reusable and can be converted into a useful substance such as organic fertilizer.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the present invention, the present inventors have earnestly conducted research on a method of culturing shochu lees by using a microorganism and using it as a useful substance. The shochu lees are low in acidity and usually have a pH in the range of about 4 to about 5. Therefore, microorganisms that can grow well in the shochu lees are considerably limited. And several kinds of microorganisms were found that could grow well in acidic shochu lees. However, even if the shochu lees were decomposed using the microorganism, it was not possible to obtain a useful decomposed product at an economical rate. The reason for this is not clear, but it is considered that as the used microorganism grows in the acidic shochu lees, the growth conditions in the shochu lees gradually change, and the conditions become unsuitable for the growth of the microorganisms. Therefore, the present inventors have selected two types of microorganisms, inoculated them in combination, and produced them in shochu lees so that they are cultivated to such an extent that they can be effectively used as organic fertilizers, as well as two types of microorganisms. It has been found that the micro-organisms interact effectively with one another, resulting in an advantageous culture treatment in a relatively short period of time.

[0006]

The present invention has been achieved based on the above-mentioned new findings, and it has been found that the shochu lees (1)
Basipetospora and
At least belonging to the genus Monascus
A kind of mesophilic bacterium and (2) Humicola
la), Thermoactinomyces (Thermoact)
inomyces), genus Thermomonospora (Therm)
omonospora) and the genus Thermomyces (Th
at least one thermophilic bacterium belonging to
The mixed inoculum, is first held at a temperature below 25 ° C. or higher 40 ° C., then the processing method of SDB, characterized in that to hold the temperature of 40 ° C. or higher 60 ° C. or less.

In summary, the method of the present invention involves culturing with a microorganism in two steps. That is,
In the first step of the method of the present invention, shochu lees are inoculated with the above-mentioned two kinds of mixed bacteria and cultured at a temperature of 25 ° C or higher and lower than 40 ° C. In this first stage, mesophilic bacteria mainly grow and thus the pH of shochu lees changes from acidic to neutral to weakly alkaline. Then, in the second stage, the culture is performed while maintaining the temperature at 40 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower, and mainly thermophilic bacteria grow.

Thus, according to the present invention, an organic fertilizer having a useful value can be obtained from shochu lees by the action of two kinds of microorganisms, and its treatment period is relatively short and economically excellent. .

The method of the present invention will be described in more detail below. In the method of the present invention, the shochu lees to be subjected to microbial treatment may be of any type and form as long as it is lees produced as a byproduct in the process of producing shochu, that is, a distillation residue. Further, the distillation residue may be used as it is, or the liquid portion or solid portion separated by filtration by an operation such as centrifugation may be used. The shochu lees contain various components secondarily produced by yeasts and koji molds, in addition to the components contained in rice, wheat, corn, and potatoes, which are the main raw materials for shochu. Table 1 below shows an example of analysis of shochu lees.

[0010]

[Table 1]

In carrying out the method of the present invention, a mixed bacterium of a mesophilic bacterium and a thermophilic bacterium is inoculated into shochu lees and cultured. For that purpose, each strain is cultivated and the culture is used. That is, in the case of mesophilic bacterium, the optimum growth temperature is 25 to
It is cultivated at a temperature of 40 ° C., particularly preferably at a temperature of 30 to 35 ° C., for about 6 days to about 14 days, particularly preferably for about 8 days to about 12 days, in a fusuma medium supplemented with shochu lees. On the other hand, in the case of a thermophilic bacterium, the temperature suitable for growth is 40 ° C. to 60 ° C., particularly preferably 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. in a fusuma medium containing shochu lees for about 6 days to about 14 days, particularly preferably about 8 days. ~ About 12
Incubate for a day.

Thus, precultures of the mesophilic bacterium and the thermophilic bacterium are obtained. Each pre-culture contains about 1 x 1 fungus
It is contained at a density of 0 ⁵ / g to about 1 × 10 ⁸ / g. These precultures are mixed and added to shochu lees. In that case,
Suitably, the preculture added is in a proportion of about 5 to 20% by weight, preferably about 7 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount added.

The mesophilic bacterium used in the method of the present invention has a temperature of 25 ° C. or higher and lower than 40 ° C., particularly preferably 30.
A strain which is grown at a temperature of from 35 ° C to 35 ° C and which can grow and grow in shochu lees is selected and used. Preferred is under acidic conditions, eg, a pH of about 3.5 to about 5.
It is a bacterium that can grow under the conditions.

[0014] Such Bashipetosupora genus as specific bacteria mesophilic bacteria (Basipetospora) or Monascus genus (Mon
1 or 2 strains of a bacterium belonging to ascus ). As specific examples Bashipesutopora-lightheadedness dos Police (Basipetospora chlamydosporis; IF0 32385), Bashipesutosupora · Y105 (Basipetospora sp.Y105) or Monascus louvers (Monascus ruber) and the like.

The thermophilic bacterium used in the method of the present invention has a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 4
A strain is selected and used, which is a strain having a growth temperature of 5 ° C. or higher and 55 ° C. or lower as a suitable growth temperature and capable of growing and growing in shochu lees, particularly shochu lees after culturing with the mesophilic bacterium. Preferred are, for example, bacteria capable of growing and growing in a pH range of about 5.5 to about 10, preferably about 6 to about 9.5.

[0016] Specific examples of the bacteria of such a high temperature bacteria, the genus Humicola (Humicola), Thermo actinomycin Mrs. genus (Ther
moactinomyces ), genus Thermomonospo
ra ) or 1 strain or 2 strains of a bacterium belonging to the genus Thermomyces . Specific examples include Humicola grisea and Thermoactinomyces gl
aucus ), Thermomonospora viridis
pora virides ; IFO 12207), Thermomyces lanuginosus or Thermomonospora viri HIR50.
des HIR 50).

In the method of the present invention, the above-mentioned two types of bacteria are mixed with shochu lees and cultivated under the conditions of the following two stages. First, in the first stage, a temperature of 25 ° C or higher and lower than 40 ° C, preferably 30 ° C or higher and 35 ° C or lower,
The shochu lees containing the above-mentioned two types of bacteria are held to grow and grow the bacteria. At the beginning of this first stage, the pH is acidic and the temperature is maintained within the above range, so that mesophilic bacteria mainly grow and thermophilic bacteria hardly grow. The pH gradually increases as the growth of the mesophilic bacterium progresses. Thus, the pH rises and is about 6.5 to about 8.
5, the mesophilic bacterium still continues to grow, while the thermophilic bacterium tends to grow to a small extent. This first stage is usually continued for 5-10 days, preferably 6-9 days. This first step is preferably held for a period until the growth tendency of the mesophilic bacterium is substantially not recognized, that is, the increase in the density is not substantially recognized by examining the density of the bacterium. However, for economic or other purposes, this period may be shortened or postponed.

As described above, after the first stage, the second
Perform staged culture treatment. In the second stage, 40 ℃ or more 60
The shochu lees containing the fungus are kept at a temperature of not higher than 0 ° C, preferably not lower than 45 ° C and not higher than 55 ° C. In this second stage, thermophilic bacteria mainly grow, and mesophilic bacteria do not substantially grow, or even if they grow, the proportion thereof is small. The second step is usually carried out for 5 to 10 days, preferably 6 to 9 days. The transition from the first stage to the second stage may be carried out continuously or stepwise.

Thus, by performing the culture treatment according to the first and second stages of the method of the present invention, the shochu lees are converted from acidic to culture having a pH of about 6.5 to about 8.
The culture obtained by the method of the present invention contains the mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria used in a relatively high density. For example, mesophilic bacterium, depending on its type, is about 1 × 10 ⁶ to about 1 ×.
10 ⁸ / g, about 1 × 10 ⁷ depending on the type of thermophilic bacterium
Contained in the culture at a density of about 5 × 10 ⁹ cells / g.
Therefore, in carrying out the method of the present invention, the culturing of the bacterial cells used for the first treatment can be carried out by the method described above, but from the second time and thereafter, the culture obtained by the method of the present invention is mixed with the mixed bacteria. It is possible to use this as an inoculum and repeat this operation. When the culture of the method of the present invention is used again as an inoculum, the amount used is preferably about 5 to 20% by weight, preferably about 7 to 15% by weight, based on the content mixed with shochu lees. Thus, the method of the present invention is
Since the obtained culture can be used as it is as a seed culture, a new strain may be supplied to the first culture.

In the culture obtained by the method of the present invention, as described above, useful microorganisms survive at a high density, certain components of shochu lees are effectively decomposed, and the pH is generally neutral. Therefore, it has some useful uses. For example, the culture can be used as an organic fertilizer, can also be used as an inoculum for microbial treatment of domestic garbage, and can also be used as a soil conditioner.

[0021] In particular, according to the studies by the present inventors, it was found that when the culture-treated product obtained by the method of the present invention is used as it is or as an organic fertilizer, it is possible to obtain an extremely excellent effect. Was issued. That is, in contrast to the case where "rapeseed meal" which is normally used as an organic fertilizer is used as a control, when the culture according to the present invention is used as an organic fertilizer, as will be apparent from Examples described later, It has a slow speed, and even if it is heavily used, it does not show a concentration disorder, and it is effective for germination of useful plants. Moreover, since the culture according to the method of the present invention contains a large amount of organic matter, it is expected to play a role as a soil improving agent.

[0022]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 In this example, Basipetospola chlamydosporis ; IFO was used as a mesophilic strain.
32385) and used as a thermophilic strain, Thermomonospora viridis ; IFO 1220
7) was used.

I. Preparation and Culture Treatment of Inoculum Bifipetospora chlamydosporis IFO 32385 and Thermomonospora viridis IFO were added to a fusuma medium containing shochu lees.
12207 are inoculated separately and each is cultured at 30 ° C. for 10 days, and the culture is used as an inoculum. The total amount of this inoculum is 1
Add 0% by weight to shochu lees and mix well and culture. First, after culturing at 30 ° C. for 7 days and at 45 to 50 ° C. for another 7 days, it was pulverized to produce an organic fertilizer.

II. Results of Culture Treatment and Results of Evaluation of Culture Treatment (1) Change in pH in Culture Treatment The pH of shochu lees was changed during culture as shown in Table 2 below. Immediately after culturing, the increase begins and the pH reaches 8 after 3 days. This makes it possible to culture strains such as thermophilic bacteria that are difficult to grow under low pH.

[0026]

[Table 2]

(2) Changes in the number of bacteria in each culture in the treated product The number of viable bacteria in each strain in culture changed as shown in Table 3. After culturing, 1 mesophilic bacterium, Basipetospora chlamydosporis
A viable cell count of 0 ⁷ cells / g and 10 ⁹ cells / g of Thermomonospora viridis which is a thermophilic bacterium were observed. This suggests that the culture-treated product described below can be used as an inoculum for the second and subsequent treatments.

[0028]

[Table 3]

(3) Fertilization of the culture-treated product In order to evaluate the culture-treated product as a fertilizer, the components of the culture-treated product were analyzed, a mineralization test and a germination test on Komatsuna were performed. The results are shown in Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6.

[0030]

[Table 4]

[0031]

[Table 5]

[0032]

[Table 6]

As a result of performing a nitrogen mineralization test and a germination test on Komatsuna using rapeseed meal as a control, the cultured product of the shochu shochu lees was found to have a mineralization rate as shown in Tables 5 and 6. It is gradual, and it is clear that concentration disorders do not appear even with heavy use. Further, since the treated culture product contains organic matter, it can be expected to play a role as a soil improving agent.
The mineralization test and the cultivation of komatsuna were carried out by the following methods.

1) Mineralization Test The amount of mineralized nitrogen in soil of the culture-treated product was examined as a control using rapeseed meal. The test method is as follows. Preparation of sample Cultivated culture product and rapeseed meal were pulverized to a diameter of 0.
Pass through a 5 mm sieve. Soil treatment The field soil is air dried and passed through a 2 mm diameter sieve. Mineralization treatment 20 g of soil is placed in a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask, a culture treated product having a nitrogen content of 10 mg and a control product are added and mixed well, and 60% of the maximum water capacity is added to water. Cover with parafilm and place in a 30 ° C incubator for 3 days, 1 week,
Let stand for 2 weeks each. Measurement: 200 ml of a 10% potassium chloride solution is added to the soil that has been mineralized for a predetermined period of time, and the mixture is shaken for 1 hour and then filtered with a dry filter paper. A certain amount of the filtrate is taken and the amount of inorganic nitrogen is measured by the distillation method.

2) Cultivation of Komatsuna 20 seeds of Komatsuna were sown per pot and cultivated in a greenhouse at 30 ° C. The application rates and the amounts of the components (N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O) in the test plots are shown in Table 7 below.

[0036]

[Table 7]

In addition to the application of the treated culture product and the control product (rapeseed meal) described in Table 7 above, 35 mg of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O were added to all test plots including the standard plot. Amounts of ammonia sulfate, lime superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied.

(4) Repeated Use of Cultured Product as Inoculum The cultured product obtained by treating shochu lees by mixed culture of microorganisms contains 10 ⁷ Basipetospora chlamidosporis.
g, the viable cell count of Thermomonospora viridis of actinomycetes was confirmed to be 10 ⁹ cells / g, and the treatment from the second time was continued by returning 10% of the culture-treated product as an inoculum and performing the same culture. It was possible to process. The number of viable bacteria in the culture-treated product after three consecutive treatments is shown in Table 8 below.

[0039]

[Table 8]

[0040] Example 2 as mesophilic bacterium using incomplete filamentous fungus Y-105 of Bashipesutosupora genus (Basipestospora), hot actinomycetes Thermo mono Supora-Viridjisu as thermophilic bacteria (Thermomospora vi
ridis ) HIR-50 was used to treat shochu lees in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown below. The above two strains used in this example are owned by the present inventors. (1) Change in pH during culture treatment The pH of shochu lees was changed as shown in Table 9 below.

[0041]

[Table 9]

The growth of the bacterium was good and the increase in pH was also favorable. (2) Viable cell count of the culture after the culture treatment The viable cell count after culturing for 2 weeks was 10 ⁷ cells / g for filamentous fungus Basipestofupora Y105, and actinomycete Thermomonospora HIR.
-50 was 10 ⁹ pieces / g, and the same favorable result as in Example 1 was obtained. Therefore, it can be used as an inoculum for the second and subsequent treatments. (3) Fertilization of the culture In order to evaluate the culture as a fertilizer, as in Example 1,
The analysis of the components of the culture-treated product, the mineralization test and the seedling test for komatsuna were performed. These results are shown in Table 1 below.
0, shown in Table 11 and Table 12.

[0043]

[Table 10]

[0044]

[Table 11]

Compared with rapeseed meal, the culture-treated product of the present invention has a slower decomposition rate and a slow supply of nitrogen into the soil, so that it can be expected to be used as a sustained and slow-acting organic fertilizer.

[0046]

[Table 12]

Germination started the day after seeding, and no substantial difference in germination start date was observed between the culture-treated product of the present invention and the control product (rapeseed meal). In both plots, the growth was delayed immediately after germination as the amount of application increased, and the growth delay was more remarkable in the rapeseed meal cake plot than in the culture treated plot. The difference in growth between the culture treated section and the rapeseed meal section was considered to be due to the difference in the decomposition pattern such as the mineralization rate in the soil of the sample, but no abnormal symptom due to harmful substances was observed. As a result of the above-mentioned two tests, the culture-treated product of the present invention showed the same or higher results in germination and subsequent growth of Komatsuna as compared to the control rapeseed meal, and can be used as a slow-release organic fertilizer. Was found.

[0048]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, the use of microorganisms of shochu lees makes it possible to perform a simple and economical culture treatment, and the obtained culture-treated product is extremely excellent as an organic fertilizer.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shinsaku Hayashida 6-22-45 Kazumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C12F 1/00-3/10 A23K 1/06

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A shochu lees containing (1) Basipetospora (B)
asipetospora) and Monascus (Mo
and at least one mesophilic bacterium belonging to
(2) Humicola, Thermoac
The genus Tynomyces (Thermoactinomyce
s), Thermomonospora
ora) and the genus Thermomyces (Thermomyc)
es) mixed inoculation with at least one thermophilic bacterium belonging to
First, keep the temperature above 25 ° C and below 40 ° C, then
A method for culturing shochu lees by culturing, which is characterized by holding at a temperature of not lower than 60 ° C and not higher than 60 ° C. 2. The culture treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the mesophilic bacterium is a strain capable of growing in shochu lees under a temperature of 25 ° C. to 40 ° C. and an acidic condition of pH 3.5 to 5. 3. The culture treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the thermophilic bacterium is a strain capable of growing in a shochu lees culture at a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower. 4. An organic fertilizer containing the culture-treated product obtained by the culture-treatment method according to claim 1 as an active ingredient.