KR100375946B1 - A manure-making process of organic waste materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composting method of organic waste composting organic waste and microorganisms in contact with air by mixing and stirring, and heating organic waste such as food waste at high temperature and high speed while heating, and more specifically, a hydrogen ion index (pH) is It is easy to manage because it does not require the addition or exchange of microorganisms for a long time by inputting specific microorganisms that can grow below 5 to spontaneously maintain the pH of compost within the range of 3-6 during the composting process. In addition, by keeping the temperature of the composting process in the range of 40 ~ 80 ℃ to make the activity of the microorganism more active, it is possible to increase the composting treatment capacity, by killing or inactivating the sanitary insect eggs by the high temperature A method for composting organic wastes that does not cause odor and does not adversely affect the surrounding environment. will be.

In the composting method of the organic waste of the present invention, the organic waste and the substrate having a microorganism are mixed and stirred in contact with the air, and in the composting method of organic waste composting while continuously warming, the microorganism is eosinophilic bacillus ( Bacillus acidocaldarius (ATCC27009) belonging to the genus Bacillus, bacteria of the genus Sulporoteus, bacteria of the genus Thermoplasma, bacteria of the genus Thermopyroteus, and desulfurococcus By using any one or more of the bacteria in the genus) to be able to grow in the temperature range of 30 ~ 80 ℃ and hydrogen ion index (pH) 5 or less, the temperature of the process of composting by the heating 40 ~ 80 So that the hydrogen ion index (pH) of the compost is spontaneously maintained in the range of 3 to 6 during the entire period of the composting process. It is characterized by composting.

Description

A manure-making process of organic waste materials

The present invention relates to a composting method of organic waste composting organic waste and microorganisms in contact with air by mixing and stirring, and heating organic waste such as food waste at high temperature and high speed while heating, and more specifically, a hydrogen ion index (pH) is It is easy to manage because it does not require the addition or exchange of microorganisms for a long time by inputting specific microorganisms that can grow below 5 to spontaneously maintain the pH of compost within the range of 3-6 during the composting process. In addition, by keeping the temperature of the composting process in the range of 40 ~ 80 ℃ to make the activity of the microorganism more active, it is possible to increase the composting treatment capacity, by killing or inactivating the sanitary insect eggs by the high temperature A method for composting organic wastes that does not cause odor and does not adversely affect the surrounding environment. will be.

In general, a large amount of food waste is emitted from homes and restaurants, and although such food waste is one of recyclable organic waste, most of it is incinerated and the remainder is almost disposed of as landfill. to be.

Such incineration of food waste causes the generation of carbon dioxide or dioxin, and thus acts as a detrimental effect on the atmospheric environment. Therefore, there is a need for a prompt solution to an effective treatment method of food waste.

Therefore, in recent years, high-temperature high-speed composting has been used as a method for treating food waste, which has little environmental pollution, and such high-temperature high-speed composting is mainly used for composting food waste in a short period of one day to several days by the action of thermophilic microorganisms. It is a technique of converting, after putting food waste and the said substrate with the high thermophilic microorganisms into a composting container, stirring and mixing, and heating it and advancing the conversion effect.

Currently, the amount of food waste recycled by the high temperature and high speed composting method is less than 0.1% of the total discharge amount, and this method is an easy way to recycle food waste by an environmentally friendly method, and is widely distributed in general households. Each municipality has subsidized food wastes by subsidies such as purchasing composting containers.

As mentioned above, the high-temperature and high-speed composting method is implemented using a composting container, and in most cases, the odor is generated from the composting container or the composting capacity is very low, and the composting process is frequently performed. Because of the necessity of adding or replacing microorganisms, there is a problem of avoiding the use of complicated maintenance.

In addition, when the composting device is composted as the high temperature and high speed composting device, all of the microorganisms used are more than 7 because the hydrogen ion index (pH) of the compost does not work effectively, causing odors and decay. Will occur.

The present invention is to solve the above problems, by inserting a specific microorganism capable of growing hydrogen ion index (pH) of 5 or less within the composting process spontaneously within the pH range of 3-6 It is easy to manage because it does not require the addition or exchange of microorganisms over a long period of time, and it is possible to keep the temperature of the composting process in the range of 40-80 ° C, making the activity of microorganisms more active. The technical problem is that the treatment capacity can be improved, and the high temperature does not cause the odor due to the death or inactivation of the sanitary insect eggs and thus does not adversely affect the surrounding environment.

The present invention is a composting method of the organic waste and the organic waste and the substrate having a microorganism mixed and stirred in contact with the air, and the composting while continuously warming, the microorganism belongs to the genus of acidophilic Bacillus Bacillus acidocaldarius (ATCC27009), a bacterium belonging to the genus Thermoproteus, a bacterium from Thermoplasma, a bacterium from Thermopyroteus, or a bacterium from Desulfurococcus By selectively using the above, the temperature range of 30 to 80 ° C. and the hydrogen ion index (pH) may be grown at 5 or less, so that the temperature of the composting process by the heating is maintained in the range of 40 to 80 ° C. And composting by keeping spontaneous hydrogen ion index (pH) spontaneously in the range of 3 to 6 during the entire composting process. It shall be.

Figure 1a is a composting device used in the composting method of organic waste according to the present invention

Front view.

Figure 2b is a composting apparatus used in the composting method of organic waste according to the present invention

Side view.

3 is a compost temperature, compost acidity, organic waste is added according to an embodiment of the present invention

Graph showing the input of

Figure 4 shows the hydrogen ion index (pH) trend of the compost according to an embodiment of the present invention

graph.

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing>

1: treatment tank 2: rotating shaft

3: stirring rod 4: stirring means

5: heating means

Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1a is a front view of the composting apparatus used in the composting method of the organic waste according to the present invention, Figure 2b is a side view of Figure 1a, having a volume 27L food waste treatment tank 1, disposed horizontally therein The stirring means 4 which arrange | positioned the three stirring rods 3 at right angles to one rotating shaft 2 is provided, and the plate-shaped heating means 5 is provided in the bottom face of the said outer periphery of the said processing tank 1.

The composting device of organic waste having the above structure is to rotate the rotating shaft 2 by the stirring means 4 to perform the stirring operation, the operation of the stirring means 4 is controlled by a control means (not shown) . That is, the stirring operation of the stirring means 4 is controlled to stop for about 24 minutes after continuing for about 8 minutes, and during the stirring operation, it is controlled to repeat the forward and reverse rotation every two minutes, and the rotation speed is maintained at 2 RPM.

The warming means 5 is to warm from the outer bottom of the food waste treatment tank 1, and is controlled to warm the inside of the food waste treatment tank 1 to a set temperature by a control means (not shown).

The basic constitution of the present invention is a method of composting organic waste and a substrate having microorganisms with mixed agitation and contacting with air, and then heating continuously, and the hydrogen ion index (pH) is 3 to 3 in the temperature range of 40 to 80 ° C. It is characterized by further improving the composting capacity by employing a specific microorganism to maintain 6.

As the microorganisms described above, at least the following conditions, i.e., a temperature range of 30 to 80 DEG C and a hydrogen ion index (pH) of 5 or less can be grown, and the hydrogen ion index (pH) of compost during the composting process is spontaneously grown. The conditions to maintain 3 to 6 must be satisfied, and when composting using the microorganisms, there should be no odor generation, high composting ability, and high long term without addition or exchange of the microorganisms. It is a necessary condition for obtaining excellent results such as maintaining the processing capacity.

Such conditions were found by the inventors by repeating and evaluating experiments on many microorganisms. Among them, the hydrogen ion index (pH) was increased in the temperature range of 40 to 80 ° C in the treatment tank 1 throughout the composting process. Maintaining 3 to 6 is very important, and microorganisms satisfying the above conditions are eosinophilic Bacillus bacteria, Thermoproteus bacteria, Thermoplasma bacteria, and Thermoproroteus. The bacteria of the genus) and the bacteria of the genus Desulfurococcus are mentioned, and the above-mentioned effect can be easily obtained by selecting and employing one or more kinds of microorganisms belonging to them and carrying out the composting method of the present invention.

To give a specific example of the microorganisms, Bacillus acidocaldarius (Bacillus acidocaldarius: ATCC27009 strain) belonging to the genus Bacillus genus (Bacillus) is a bacterium belonging to the genus Sulphobus (Sulfolobus) Porobus acidocaldarius (Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC49426), which can achieve the above useful action as in the embodiments described below.

In addition, the present invention is to compost while heating the substrate with organic waste and microorganisms continuously, the temperature is within the above temperature range because the microorganisms used as selected above can grow in the temperature range of 30 ~ 80 ℃ If it is good to maintain the range of 40 ~ 80 ℃ can increase the activity of microorganisms to increase the activity of the microorganisms, and if it is maintained in the range of 50 ~ 80 ℃ can further increase the activity of microorganisms composting treatment The ability has been shown to improve.

In this way, if the temperature is raised to 50 ° C or higher while maintaining the temperature of 40 ° C or higher, various germs, roundworm eggs, endosperm egg or eggs of flies contained in organic wastes may be killed or inactivated. Various damages caused by rot and adult roundworm can be removed in advance.

When described in detail by the following examples.

(Example 1)

The microorganism uses an acido caldarius (Bacillus acidocaldarius: ATCC27009 strain), and incubated for 48 hours at 55 ° C. in ATCC medium 573 (pH 3.0), and the culture was treated in a food waste composting apparatus (1). ) Was added to the inside, and uniformly mixed with 32 L of sawdust to form a microorganism base.

The food waste introduced into the treatment tank 1 is discharged from a restaurant in Northeastern Japan, and the food waste discharged from the university student council in the food waste treatment tank 1 into which the microorganism is introduced 3.2 The operation was started by putting kg. The operation of the stirring means 4 and the heating means 5 after the start of operation was performed as described above, and the operation was continued for 150 days.

After the start of operation, as a general rule, food waste was accumulated at around 13:00 every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and the input amount was indicated in FIG. 3A.

In addition, each time the compost is sampled during operation, the depth from the bottom of the food waste treatment tank 1 to the surface of the compost is measured to measure the volume of the compost. The compost capacity was kept almost constant, and the plastics, etc. unsuitable for composting mixed during the composting were removed, and the mass of compost stuck to the bottom corner of the food waste treatment tank 1 was scraped off.

It was not necessary to add cultured microorganisms or sawdust or to replace the contents of the food waste treatment tank (1) from the start of operation to the end of the operation, which means that composting of food waste proceeds to normal during the operation period. There was no occurrence of flies and the weight of the contents in the food waste treatment tank 1 at the end of operation was 26.5 kg.

In Example 1, the method and amount of food waste input, the cumulative amount of food waste, the measurement of the compost temperature during operation, the measurement of the odor around the food waste composting device during operation, the sampling timing and method and the sampling of compost The measurement of the hydrogen ion index (pH) of one compost, the measurement of the depth to the surface of the compost carried out at the time of sampling, the extraction of the increased compost and the weight of the extracted compost were carried out as follows.

(a) Sampling of Compost

As a general rule, it was carried out at 10:00 am every week on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Since the compost is always in the stirring state by the action of the stirring means 4, 15 ml is evenly distributed from several places on the surface with or without taking it out at the bottom. The degree was taken.

(b) Determination of pH of compost

2 g of sampled compost was placed in a 50 ml falcon tube, and 20 ml of Milli-Q water was added thereto. The mixture was stirred and mixed thoroughly with a Voltexmixer, and the suspension was measured with a hydrogen ion index meter. Was set to the pH of the compost.

(c) measuring compost temperature

The thermometer was installed to a place where the compost depth of the food waste treatment tank 1 was 20 cm, and the temperature after 5 minutes was read.

(d) Depth measurement to compost

When the compost was sampled in the above (a), the depth from the top of the food waste treatment tank 1 to the compost surface was measured.

(e) When the depth to compost was measured in (d) above, the volume of the compost was measured by this, and the weight of the compost taken out by taking out the increased amount of compost from time to time was measured.

(f) Cumulative input of food waste

At the time of addition, after sufficiently removing moisture, the weight of the measured food waste was sequentially accumulated.

(g) input of food waste

The input amount of food waste was measured after removing enough moisture in advance.

(h) Determination of odor

Using the odor measuring device (manufactured by KALMOR-∑) from the food waste composting device, and measuring the value at 3m away from the device when sampling compost in paragraph (a), the value of ∑ was obtained. It was almost same as ∑ value, and it was judged that there was almost no odor even in sensory test.

Among the above measurement results, the compost hydrogen ion index (pH) in (b), the compost temperature in (c), the depth to compost in (d), the cumulative input of food waste in (f), and the food waste input in (g) 3A to 3E, the compost weight of the section (e) taken out from the above measurement results is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Weight of Sampling Compost

Time of extraction One 2 3 4 5 6 Weight (kg) 7.8 5.9 2.0 5.5 5.4 8.3

The compost characteristics of the sampled compost were analyzed and the results of the analysis method and components are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Analysis Methods and Components of Sampling Compost

Analysis item Way result carbon Soil Nutrient Analysis 9.1 39% nitrogen Fertilizer Method 4.1,1,1 34g / kg P ₂ O ₅ Fertilizer Method 4.2.3 9.5 g / kg K ₂ O Fertilizer Method 4.3.3 7.8g / kg Water content 6.8%

(Example 2)

Except for employing sulfobus acidocaldarius (ATCC49426) against microorganisms, composting for 150 days was always normal, as it was carried out in the same manner using a commercial food waste composting device as in Example 1. It progressed and measured about the same items as Example 1 in Example 2. In addition, the characteristics of the obtained compost were analyzed, and the extinction rate of the food waste that was lost during the composting process was calculated, and the analysis method and the component results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Extinction rate and composition of food waste during composting

Analysis item Way result carbon Soil Nutrient Analysis 9.1 41% nitrogen Fertilizer Method 4.1,1,1 35g / kg P ₂ O ₅ Fertilizer Method 4.2.3 10.0g / kg K ₂ O Fertilizer Method 4.3.3 8.1g / kg Water content 13% Extinction rate 87%

Next will be described by comparing the Example 1 and Example 2 as follows.

First, the food waste composting treatment was performed by sequentially feeding the same amount of food waste of the same origin as Example 1 and Example 2 using commercially available food waste composting devices A and B for comparison between the two examples.

In the composting by the food waste composting devices A and B, the microorganism base designated for each device was used, and the example by the food waste composting device A was made into Comparative Example 1, and the example by the food waste composting device B was compared with the comparative example 2 Shall be.

In addition, in Comparative Example 1, composting did not proceed to normal after 110 days, and in Comparative Example 2, composting did not proceed to normal after 60 days, and composting was carried out in the process of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The transition of hydrogen ion index (pH) of is shown in Figure 4, the characteristics of the compost obtained in Comparative Example 1 and the extinction rate of the food waste disappeared in the course of composting are shown in Table 4 together with the above-described analysis method.

And the same matter about the comparative example 2 was shown in Table 5, the characteristic of the compost of the comparative example 1 was withdrawn on the 105th day, the extinction rate was to 105th day, and the composting characteristic of the comparative example 2 was 105th The extinction rate is up to 60 days.

Table 4 Analysis method and result for Comparative Example 1

Analysis item Way result carbon Soil Nutrient Analysis 9.1 44% nitrogen Fertilizer Method 4.1,1,1 19g / kg P ₂ O ₅ Fertilizer Method 4.2.3 15.2g / kg K ₂ O Fertilizer Method 4.3.3 9.8g / kg Water content 36% Extinction rate 75%

Table 5 Analysis method and result for Comparative Example 2

Analysis item Way result carbon Soil Nutrient Analysis 9.1 46% nitrogen Fertilizer Method 4.1,1,1 26g / kg P ₂ O ₅ Fertilizer Method 4.2.3 13.8g / kg K ₂ O Fertilizer Method 4.3.3 8.6g / kg Water content 44% Extinction rate 88%

As described above, the results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 will be examined and explained as follows.

The cumulative input amount of the food waste of Example 1 is 253 kg, and Example 2 is slightly longer than this due to a slightly longer implementation period. As described in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, composting does not proceed to normal after 110 days in the former and 60 days in the latter, so that the cumulative input amount is small.

In Example 1, compost was taken out at each point indicated by the numbers of arrows 1 to 6 in the graph displayed at the depth (cm) of FIG. 3, and the cumulative extraction amount was 34.9 kg. The compost weight in (1) is 26.5 kg.

In Example 1, a total of 61.4 kg of compost was collected during the operation period, and since the cumulative input amount is 253 kg, the food waste extinction rate is about 75%. In Example 2, only the conclusion is shown in Table 3. According to this, food waste extinction rate reaches about 87%.

And the food waste extinction rate of Comparative Example 1 is up to 105 days, 75% as shown in Table 4, the waste extinction rate of Comparative Example 2 is up to 60 days, but 88% as shown in Table 5 Leads to

Therefore, when Examples 1 and 2 are compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it is recognized that they are not so different in terms of waste extinction rate, and they are not limited to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and are generally used in the composting method of the conventional general food waste composting apparatus. It is the same as showing the extinction rate of more than%, but in that respect is no different from that of the prior art, as described later, Examples 1 and 2 did not require the addition of microorganisms any more during the four months or more, Considering that the exchange of contents including the microbial base was not required, it can be seen that high processing capacity is maintained for a long time.

In addition, the temperature of the compost during the implementation period of Examples 1 and 2 was maintained at approximately 45 ° C. or higher and reached 60 ° C. at the maximum, but none of the sanitary pests, such as flies, occurred during the implementation period. This is because the hygienic pest eggs are killed or inactivated due to the progress of the process.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the compost was maintained in the hydrogen ion index (pH) in the range of 4 to 5, and the hydrogen ion index (pH) after the input of food waste, as shown in FIGS. ) Slightly increased temporarily, but gradually decreased thereafter, which is thought to be related to the properties of microorganisms involved in composting, which is completely different from Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

In Comparative Example 1, the hydrogen ion index (pH) of the compost goes down to about 6 days after commencement of composting, as shown in FIG. Defect is beginning. In Comparative Example 2, as shown in FIG. 4, the hydrogen ion index (pH) of the compost is changed at a high level of 8 or more, and when this starts to fall below 8, composting failure begins.

Therefore, in either of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it was found that good composting was performed under neutral to weak alkaline conditions, and the hydrogen ion index (pH) of the compost during the implementation period was It is very characteristic that it can maintain 4-5 and continue favorable composting action.

As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the characteristics of the compost obtained by Examples 1 and 2 were almost the same because the food wastes of the raw materials were almost the same, and the characteristics of the compost were the same. As shown in Table 5, except that the pH and the water content are low, it was found to be not much different from the compost of food waste origin obtained by Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and conventionally used apparatus or method.

In contrast, in Comparative Example 1, as described above, normal composting is not maintained after 110 days, and in Comparative Example 2, normal composting is not maintained after 60 days, and in order to continue composting, the contents need to be replaced. It should be said. In other words, the exchange of contents starts with taking out all the compost and the like in the composting container and starting again with the addition of the microorganism base.

Therefore, there is a clear difference with respect to the introduction of the microorganism base compared with the prior art, and the microorganism base used in Examples 1 and 2 has a much longer long-term composting capacity than the microbial base used in this type of method and apparatus. It can be seen that it can continue over and does not cause the occurrence of bad smell for a long time.

As described above, according to the composting method of the organic waste of the present invention, Bacillus ashdo caldarius, which belongs to an acidophilic Bacillus genus bacterium capable of growing at a hydrogen ion index (pH) of 5 or less Select one of the archaeological bacteria of the genus Porosus, Thermoplasma, Thermoproteus, and Disulfococcus so that the spontaneous hydrogen ion index (pH) can be maintained within 3 to 6 voluntarily during the composting process. It does not require the addition or exchange of microorganisms over a long period of time, so it is easy to manage and maintains the temperature of the composting process in the range of 40 to 80 ° C, making the activity of the microorganisms more active, thereby improving the composting capacity. It is possible to increase, and the high temperature does not cause odor by killing or inactivating sanitary insect eggs and adversely affect the surrounding environment. Which would have the effect jujianneun.

Claims (6)

( delete ) ( delete ) ( delete ) ( delete ) (정정) In the composting method of the organic waste, the organic waste and the substrate containing the microorganisms are mixed and stirred to come into contact with air, and continuously heated to compost. The microorganism is Bacillus acidocaldarius (ATCC27009) belonging to the bacteria of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus acidocaldarius (ATCC27009), Sulfurus (Thermoproteus) bacteria, Thermoplasma bacteria, Thermoproteus (Thermoproteus) By using any one or more of the bacteria, Desulfurococcus bacteria in the temperature range of 30 ~ 80 ℃ and the hydrogen ion index (pH) to be able to grow at 5 or less, By maintaining the temperature of the composting process by the heating in the range of 40 ~ 80 ℃, Composting organic waste, characterized in that the composting process to maintain the spontaneous hydrogen ion index (pH) spontaneously in the range of 3 to 6 during the composting process. (Correction) The organic waste according to claim 5, wherein the microorganisms of the genus Sulphobus are Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (ATCC49426) belonging to the genus Sulphobus. Composting method.