JP3406100B2 - Organic fertilizer and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an organic fertilizer and a method for producing the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for easily and quickly producing an organic fertilizer having an excellent fertilizer effect in a single fermentation step, and an organic fertilizer obtained by the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Chemical fertilizers which have been frequently used up to now have problems such as poor growth and withering of plants due to concentration disturbance, thinning of soil due to continuous use, environmental pollution and the like, although they have an immediate effect. Therefore, to overcome such drawbacks of chemical fertilizers, organic matter derived from animals such as chicken waste, pork waste, beef waste, bone meal, and plant-derived organic matter such as oily scum, wheat cane, rice straw, leaf litter, etc. Organic fertilizers made from raw materials are being reviewed.
However, these organic fertilizers contain a large amount of easily decomposable saccharides and the like, and during the decomposition, they tend to deprive the soil of oxygen, which tends to cause a temporary oxygen deficiency. Weeks to 3 months), and has the disadvantage of having an odor.

[0003] In recent years, in order to promote the composting of organic raw materials, methods of improving fermentation equipment and adding microbial materials have been developed. Examples of such methods include a fishery processing plant and a brewery plant. 2. Description of the Related Art There is known a method of promoting composting by inoculating organic waste discharged from a food factory with bacteria that decompose the waste. However, since this method requires fermentation at an average temperature of 75 ° C. or more using an expensive fermentation reactor, heat efficiency and equipment are expensive, and the process is complicated. In addition, organic substances such as wheat bran and defatted rice bran have been conventionally recognized as being effective as raw materials for organic fertilizers, but since they contain a large amount of cellulose and hemicellulose that are difficult to decompose, they are long in composting. It is time consuming (typically about 40 days to 2 months) and the addition of commercially available microbial materials to promote its composting does not significantly reduce the composting period.

[0004]

Under the circumstances described above, the present inventors have developed an organic fertilizer containing a large amount of cellulose and hemicellulose, particularly an organic substance containing a large amount of arabinoxylan, from an organic matter having a high fertilizing effect and which can be fertilized by a simple method in a short time. I have been doing research for many years with the aim of gaining between. Then, a fermentation aid composed of an adsorbent mineral material and / or charcoal is added to an organic substance containing a large amount of arabinoxylan to form Aspergillus.
After primary fermentation in the presence of one or more of the fungi consisting of flavus, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus soya, the pH is adjusted to a specific region to control the Streptomyces actinomycetes, Pseudomonas bacteria and It has been found that a secondary fermentation in the presence of one or more species of Bacillus bacterium provides an organic fertilizer which is highly effective and can be fertilized in a simple manner in a short period of time. Japanese Patent Application No. 5-195587).

As a result of further study as a part of the above-mentioned research, as a result of using the fungi used for the secondary fermentation of the above-mentioned prior application, the pH at the initial stage and during the fermentation was adjusted to a specific pH value. When the fermentation is performed while adjusting, the two-stage fermentation process of the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation is not adopted, and
It has been found that an organic fertilizer having a high fertilizer effect can be obtained very easily and in a very short period of time (usually less than 10 days) in a single-stage fermentation step. As a result of further study by the present inventors, in the case of such a one-stage fermentation method under the pH adjustment found by the present inventors, the fermentation aid comprising adsorbable mineral material and / or charcoal is used. Even without the presence of the material, it has been found that organic matter containing a lot of arabinoxylan can be sufficiently fermented, usually within a short period of 10 days or less, to turn into an organic fertilizer having a high fertilizer effect. The present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention provides a fermentation raw material comprising an organic substance having an arabinoxylan content of 20% by weight or more, and adding one or more of Streptomyces genus Actinomyces, Pseudomonas genus bacteria, and Bacillus genus bacteria, The pH of the fermentation raw material is adjusted to 6.0 to 12.0 to start fermentation, and the pH of the fermentation raw material is adjusted to 6.0 to 6.0 during fermentation.
This is a method for producing an organic fertilizer, wherein fermentation is advanced while adjusting the pH so that the pH is maintained in the range of 9.5.

[0007] The present invention provides a fermentation raw material comprising a mixture of an organic substance having an arabinoxylan content of 20% by weight or more and at least one selected from an adsorbable mineral material and a carbonaceous substance having an equal weight or less with respect to the organic substance. , One or more of Streptomyces genus Actinomyces, Pseudomonas genus bacteria and Bacillus genus bacteria are added, the pH of the fermentation raw material is adjusted to 6.0 to 12.0, and fermentation is started,
The method for producing an organic fertilizer is characterized in that the fermentation is advanced while adjusting the pH so that the pH of the fermentation raw material is maintained in the range of 6.0 to 9.5 during fermentation.

The organic substance used in the present invention having an arabinoxylan content of 20% by weight or more (hereinafter, "% by weight" is simply referred to as "%") (hereinafter, this may be referred to as "arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A)") is as follows. , Wheat bran (arabinoxylan content: usually about 30-40%), rice bran (about 35-45%), corn hull (about 35%)
To 45%) and the like, but not limited thereto, any organic substance having an arabinoxylan content of 20% or more can be used. Arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A)
May be used alone or in combination of two or more. When the content of arabinoxylan in the organic matter is lower than 20%, an organic fertilizer containing a large amount of useful flora such as actinomycetes cannot be obtained, and the content of water-soluble saccharides is too high, so that composting is difficult to proceed, and the organic matter produced The fertilizer will have an off-flavor. Here, in the present invention, the content of arabinoxylan in the organic matter is determined by the method of Tario, Bhatti et al. [Biochim.
ophys. Acta. 222 (1970) 339-347].

In the present invention, as the fermentation raw material for producing an organic fertilizer, (i) a fermentation raw material comprising an arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A); or (ii) an arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A); A) at least one selected from the group consisting of adsorptive mineral material and charcoal of equal weight or less [hereinafter, adsorbent mineral material and charcoal are sometimes collectively referred to as “fermentation aid (B)”] Mixtures are used.

In the present invention, a mixture of the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) and a fermentation aid (B) having a weight equal to or less than that of the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) [(ii) above] is used as a fermentation raw material. In particular, fermentation is performed very quickly, and an organic fertilizer having a high fertilizer effect can be obtained in a very short period of time, usually less than 10 days. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Even when a fermentation raw material [(i)] comprising an arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) is used without using the fermentation aid (B), the conventional method or the like can be used. Compared with this, fermentation is performed sufficiently quickly, and an organic fertilizer having a high fertilizer effect can be smoothly obtained in a very short period of time, usually within 10 days.

In the present invention, as the fermentation raw material, an adsorbent mineral material and / or an organic substance having an arabinoxylan content of at least 20% [arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A)] are used.
Alternatively, when charcoal [fermentation aid (B)] is used, natural or synthetic mineral materials such as zeolite and vermiculite can be used as the adsorptive mineral material, and charcoals such as charcoal, kung charcoal, and the like can be used. Shrimp charcoal, activated carbon, bone charcoal and the like can be used. The adsorptive mineral material and / or charcoal may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is preferable to use two or more of the adsorptive mineral material and the charcoal, and it is particularly preferable to use both the adsorptive mineral material and the charcoal. The fermentation aid (B) improves the permeability of the fermented product and prevents excessive solidification, promotes the propagation of useful microorganisms, and improves the ability to retain useful nutrients produced by fermentation, thereby further improving fermentation. Is promoted.

However, when the fermentation aid (B) is used in combination with the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A), the amount of the fermentation aid (B) used [when two or more fermentation aids (B) are used, As described above, the total weight] is equal to or less than the weight of the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) [that is, the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) 100
100 parts by weight or less of the fermentation aid (B) per part by weight], and if the fermentation aid (B) is used more than the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A), the proliferation of useful actinomycetes and the like will increase. Fertilizer containing many useful microflora cannot be obtained. In particular, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a mixture containing the fermentation aid (B) at a ratio of about 40 to 70 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) as the fermentation raw material. An organic fertilizer having a high fertilizer effect containing a large amount of useful actinomycetes can be obtained in a very short period of time.

In the present invention, the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) or the mixture of the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) and the fermentation aid (B) may be added, if necessary, to the mixture.
Fermentation may be performed using a fermentation raw material to which seeds or two or more other materials are added. Other materials that can be added in that case include, for example, inorganic fertilizer components such as nitrogen sources such as ammonium sulfate and lime perphosphate, phosphorus sources, potassium sources, and iron sources. They may be added or two or more may be added. By adding these inorganic fertilizer components, the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer of the present invention can be enhanced. When these other materials are added, the content is preferably about 5% or less based on the total weight of the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) and the fermentation aid (B).

In the fermentation using the above-mentioned fermentation raw material, the fermentation raw material may be used directly without sterilization, but it may be one of Streptomyces genus Actinomyces, Pseudomonas genus bacteria and Bacillus genus bacteria. Or 2
It is desirable to sterilize before adding more than a seed to kill various germs and the like. In the case of carrying out a sterilization treatment, a method using heated steam is preferable because appropriate moisture can be simultaneously provided to the fermentation raw material.

According to the present invention, one or more of Streptomyces spp., Pseudomonas spp. And Bacillus spp. Are added to the fermentation raw material obtained as described above, and water is added to the fermented raw material to further add water. It is important to make the content suitable for fermentation and to adjust the pH of the fermentation raw material in the range of 6.0 to 12.0 before starting fermentation. When the pH of the fermentation raw material at the start of fermentation is less than 6.0 or more than 12.0, fermentation does not proceed smoothly and it takes a long time to make fertilizer. It is more preferable to adjust the pH of the fermentation raw material at the start of fermentation so as to be in the range of 7.0 to 9.5.

In adjusting the pH of the fermented raw material, if the pH of the fermented raw material is less than 6.0, it is preferable to add a basic compound to adjust the pH to a range of 6.0 to 12.0. In this case, as the basic compound, either a basic inorganic compound or a basic organic compound can be used, and among them, it is preferable to use slaked lime because it is economical and has high safety. In addition, the pH of the fermented raw material is 1
When it is higher than 2.0, it is preferable to add an acidic compound to adjust the pH to a range of 6.0 to 12.0. As the acidic compound at this time, any of an acidic inorganic compound and an acidic organic compound can be used. Can be used. Among them, weakly acidic inorganic compounds are preferred, and weakly acidic phosphates such as monosodium phosphate are more preferred because they are easily available and have little damage to plants. In addition, monosodium phosphate has a deodorizing effect, and is preferable from this point.

In adjusting the pH of the fermentation raw material to 6.0 to 12.0, a method in which a basic compound or an acidic compound is added to the fermentation raw material in the form of a powder or the like and mixed with the basic compound or the acidic compound May be dissolved or dispersed in a liquid such as water and added to and mixed with the fermentation raw material. The pH of the fermentation raw material is preferably adjusted after adding the above-mentioned actinomycetes and / or bacteria to the fermentation raw material and further adding water. However, depending on the case, the pH may be adjusted to 6.0 to 12.0 after adding water to the fermentation raw material, and then the above-mentioned actinomycetes and / or bacteria may be added.

The Streptomyces (Streptomyces) used in the present invention
omyces), especially Streptomyces
Heimi (Streptomyces heimi), Streptomyces flaveolus (Streptomyces flaveolus), Streptomyces misionensis (Streptomyces misionensis),
Streptomyces fuman
us), Streptomyces albras
lbulus) and fungi such as Streptomyces griseofuscus have a high assimilation effect and are useful. Also useful Pseudomonas (Pseudo
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, and the like, and examples of useful Bacillus bacteria include Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida.
Circular (Bacillus circulans), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), etc. can be mentioned.

As the actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces, the bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and the bacterium of the genus Bacillus used in the present invention, known ones may be used, and commercially available ones or commercially available ones can be used. . Examples of Streptomyces heimi are IFO 13048, ATCC 2546
0 as an example for Streptomyces flaveolus
3408, IFO 3715, IFO 12768, ATCC 3319; Streptomyces mycionensis examples are IFO 13063, ATC
C14991, ATCC 25475; Streptomyces humanus examples include IFO 13042, ATCC 19904, ATCC 25454
IFO 13 as an example of Streptomyces albras
410, IFO 14147, ATCC 12757, and examples of Streptomyces griseofuscus include IFO 12870, ATCC 23916. Examples of Pseudomonas fluorescens include IFO 13922, IFO 14160, IAM 1092,
IAM 1154, IFO as an example of Pseudomonas putida
3738, IFO 12653, IF0 12996, IFO 13696, IFO 14164,
Examples include IFO 14796, ATCC 8209, and ATCC 12633. Further examples of Bacillus circulans include IFO 33
29, IFO 3967, IFO 13625-13640, IAM 1140, AHU 136
3, AHU 1365, AHU 1646, ATCC 4513, ATCC 8384, ATCC
9966, ATCC 14175, ATCC 14176, examples of Bacillus subtilis IFO 13722, IFO 14117, IFO 14140, IFO
14144, IFO14191, IFO 14192, IFO 14357, IFO 14411
14414419 and ATCC 19659.

The amount of the bacterium used for the fermentation is about 0.05% based on the weight of the fermented raw material after water conversion in terms of dry cells.
It is better to be about 0.2%. The microorganism used for fermentation may be a fermented product containing at least one of these pure dry cells in addition to the pure dry cells described above. For example,
Fermentation product (organic fertilizer) obtained by the method of the present invention
May be collected and used as it is in the next fermentation treatment. In this case, the fermentation step may be carried out by adding a fermentation product (organic fertilizer of the present invention) at a ratio of about 5 to 20% based on the weight of the fermented raw material after water addition.

The fermentation is usually an aerobic fermentation, and the fermentation requires adjustment of the water content in the raw materials and adjustment of the fermentation temperature. If the water content is too large, heat of fermentation is less likely to be generated, anaerobic fermentation is mainly caused and it has a bad smell and it is easy to produce rot with low fertilizing effect, while if the water content is small, the fermentation temperature rises sharply It causes volatilization of the active ingredient nitrogen and the like and kills useful microorganisms. Generally, the water content is about 30-45 based on the total weight of the fermentation feedstock after adding water.
%, Especially about 35-40%, to start the fermentation. Also, from the start of fermentation to the end of fermentation,
The fermentation is preferably performed while maintaining the temperature of the fermentation raw material at about 20 to 75 ° C, and more preferably at about 45 to 70 ° C.

In the fermentation, the fermented raw material whose water content is adjusted, the above-mentioned actinomycetes and / or bacteria are added, and the pH is adjusted as described above is deposited to a predetermined thickness, and the product temperature is adjusted as described above. It is preferred that the sediment be turned over or agitated several times until the fermentation is completed so as to maintain the temperature within the temperature range. The end of the fermentation can be known by obtaining a smooth granular product having a small particle size. More precisely,
The fermentation may be terminated when the ratio of the total sugar amount of the fermentation product becomes 1% or less (the total sugar amount per 1 g of dry matter weight is 10 mg or less). In general, the closer the total sugar content in the fermentation product or its extract is to 0%, the higher the effect as an organic fertilizer and the more desirable.

In the fermentation raw material in which fermentation is started by adjusting the pH to 6.0 to 12.0, the pH decreases as the fermentation progresses in the early stage of the fermentation, but the pH is less than 6.0, preferably less than 6.0. When the pH becomes less than 6.5, the pH is adjusted to 6.0 to 9.5, preferably 6.5 to 8.5 using the above basic compound such as slaked lime. In general, the pH starts to rise about 2 to 4 days after the start of fermentation. Therefore, when the pH exceeds 9.5, preferably 8.5, the acidic compound such as monosodium phosphate described above. The fermentation is performed while adjusting the pH so that the pH is maintained in the range of 6.0 to 9.5, preferably 6.5 to 8.5. At that time, the pH of the fermentation raw material can be measured continuously or intermittently.

When fermentation is carried out under the above pH conditions, at the end of fermentation, the above-mentioned actinomycetes and / or bacteria used for fermentation have proliferated in the fermentation product, and the total number of these bacteria is usually 1 The fermentation can be terminated when the number of cells reaches 10 ⁷ cells / g or more. For example, to a fermentation raw material having a water content of 35% adjusted to pH 7.0, 0.1% of the above-mentioned dried actinomycetes and / or bacteria corresponding to 0.1% thereof is added, and this is added to a thickness of about 20 cm. And the pH of the fermentation material is adjusted to 6.5 to 6.5 at an ambient temperature of about 25 to 30 ° C.
When fermentation is performed while adjusting to 8.5, an organic fertilizer having a high fertilizer effect can be obtained usually about 7 to 10 days after the start of fermentation.

The organic fertilizer of the present invention obtained as described above is used as it is, or is dried sufficiently under conditions that do not kill useful microorganisms and then stored in a moisture-impermeable bag or other container. Good to keep. In addition, as described above, a part thereof may be used as cells in the next fermentation treatment. The organic fertilizer of the present invention has a smooth fine particle without a bad smell, and is extremely easy to handle. The organic fertilizer of the present invention can be effectively used for any plants such as flowers, vegetables, rice, wheat, beans, trees, and fruit trees. Among them, the fertilizer of the present invention is particularly suitable as a turfgrass fertilizer. If applied to the turfgrass, you can fertilization directly turfgrass by means of spraying or the like, usually, about per turfgrass 1 m ² 50 to 50
Apply at a rate of 0 g. In addition, instead of turf grass, turf grass 1
When applied at a rate of about 100 g to 1000 g per m ² , the effect of the soil and the effect of fertilization can be obtained at the same time.

[0026]

【Example】

Example 1 A mixture consisting of 50 kg of wheat bran having arabinoxylan content of 35%, 4.8 kg of zeolite and 30.0 kg of vermiculite (total 84.8 kg:
The wheat bran content in the mixture was 59%) and uniformly mixed using a large mixer, and 35.0 kg of water was added, followed by sterilization by heating steam. The water content of the mixture after sterilization was about 40%. Add this mixture to Streptomyces
Flaveolas (Streptomyces flaveolus) fungus (IFO 1276)
8) and Bacillus circula
ns) 80 g of each bacterium (IFO 13640) was added and mixed uniformly, and then the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 9.2 by adding slaked lime powder. This was deposited to a thickness of 20 cm in a fermentation chamber adjusted to an ambient temperature of 25 ° C. to start fermentation.

During the fermentation, the pH of the mixture is continuously measured, and if the pH of the mixture is about to fall outside the range of 6.5 to 8.5, slaked lime powder or an aqueous solution of monosodium phosphate is used. PH of the mixture is always 6.5-8.
The fermentation was carried out for 15 days under aerobic conditions while adjusting the pH so as to be 5. The pH of the fermentation product 15 days after the start of fermentation was 8.5. During the fermentation period, the soil was returned almost every day to make the temperature of the sediment uniform. Seven days, nine days, ten days, and fifteen days after the start of fermentation, the total sugar content of the fermented product was measured by the following method. In addition, the number of viable bacteria, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes contained in the fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation was measured by the following method. Start fermentation 2
The nitrogen content (total nitrogen content, ammonia nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content) and potassium ion concentration in the fermentation product after 0 days were determined as follows. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 also shows the properties of the fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation.

<Method of measuring the number of bacteria> The number of bacteria was measured by a dilution agar plate culture method as follows. General viable cell count : When cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours using a standard agar plate medium (pH 7.0) prepared by adding 5 g of polypeptone, 2.5 g of yeast extract, 1 g of glucose and 15 g of agar per liter of water. Was counted. Number of filamentous fungi : Colonies cultured at 37 ° C. for 3 days using MYG agar plate medium (pH 4.3) prepared by adding 20 g of malt extract, 5 g of yeast extract, 10 g of glucose and 25 g of agar per liter of water. The number was measured. Actinomycetes : 10 g starch, 1 liter casein per liter of water.
_{3g, KNO 3 2g, NaCl 2g} , K 2 HPO 4 2g, MgSO 4 · 7H
0.05 g of Ca ₂ O, 0.02 g of CaCO ₃ , FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O
01g, 18g of agar and 0.06g of cycloheximide (antifungal agent) prepared on an agar plate medium (pH
Using 7.2), the number of colonies when cultured at 30 ° C. for 6 days was measured.

<Measurement of Total Sugar Content> A mixture before fermentation according to the method described in Michinori Nishio, "Basic Knowledge of Soil Microorganisms", pp. 74-75, published by The Agricultural and Mountain Fishing Village Cultural Association (1989) 1 g of the fermentation product 7 days after the start of fermentation or the fermentation product 9 days after the start of fermentation
After stirring, the mixture is left at 60 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, the mixture was filtered using Toyo Filter Paper No. 5 to obtain a filtrate of 0.1%.
0.5 ml of a 5% phenol aqueous solution and 3 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid are added to 5 ml, followed by stirring. After allowing this to stand for 30 minutes, the absorbance at a wavelength of 490 nm was measured to determine the total sugar amount (mg) as a glucose equivalent, and the ratio of the total sugar amount was determined.

<Measurement of Nitrogen Content of Fermentation Product (Total Nitrogen; Ammonia Nitrogen; Nitrate Nitrogen)> Total Nitrogen Content : 0.5 g of a sample (organic fertilizer) was collected, and a decomposition catalyst (Nihon General Co., Ltd.) 1) and 4 ml of sulfuric acid, and heat-decompose for 30 minutes to 1 hour. When the color becomes green, the decomposition is completed. After allowing to cool, 40 ml of water was added, and using the sample solution obtained as a result, measurement was performed using a “KJELTEC AUTO 1030 Analyzer” manufactured by Japan General Co., Ltd. to determine the total nitrogen content (%). Ammonium nitrogen content : 40 ml of distilled water was added to 2 g of the sample (organic fertilizer), shaken for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged (3
The suspension was filtered at 000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was filtered. Using 20 ml of the resulting filtrate, measurement was carried out using a "KJELTEC AUTO 1030 Analyzer" manufactured by Nippon General Co., Ltd. to determine the ammonia nitrogen content (%). Nitrate nitrogen content : 30 g of distilled water in 6 g of sample (organic fertilizer)
After mixing for 30 minutes, centrifugation (3000
rpm for 10 minutes), and using the resulting supernatant, "COMPACT ION METER C-14" manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
The measurement was performed according to "1" to determine the nitrate nitrogen content (%).

<Measurement of Potassium Ion Concentration of Fermentation Product> 30 g of distilled water was added to 6 g of a sample (organic fertilizer) and mixed for 30 minutes, followed by centrifugation (10 minutes at 3000 rpm).
Minutes), and using the resulting supernatant,
The measurement was performed using "COMPACT ION METER C-131" manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. to determine the potassium ion concentration (%).

Reference Example 1 Arabinoxylan content 35
% Wheat bran, 4.8 kg zeolite and 30.0 kg vermiculite (total 8%).
4.8 kg: wheat bran content in the mixture of 59%) was uniformly mixed using a large mixer, and then water was mixed with 35.0 k of water.
g and sterilized by heating steam. The water content of the mixture after sterilization was about 40%. Next, 80 g of dried cells of Aspergillus oryzae (IFO 30105) were added and mixed uniformly, and then deposited to a thickness of 20 cm in a room where the ambient temperature was controlled at 27 ° C. under aerobic conditions. The primary fermentation was carried out for 48 hours. The cutback was performed twice during the primary fermentation.

Next, Streptomyces flaveolus (IFO 12768) and Bacillus circulans (IF)
O 13640) was added in an amount of 80 g each, mixed uniformly, deposited to a thickness of 20 cm, and fermented for 15 days under aerobic conditions while controlling the ambient temperature to 25 ° C. The pH of the fermentation product at the end of the fermentation was 8.2. During the fermentation period, the soil was returned almost every day to make the temperature of the sediment uniform. 7 days, 9 days, 10 days and 1 day after fermentation
After 5 days, the total sugar content of the fermentation product was measured by the method described above.
Also, the number of viable bacteria, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes contained in the fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation, and the nitrogen content (total nitrogen content, ammonia nitrogen content) contained in the fermentation product 20 days after the fermentation start And nitrate nitrogen content) and potassium ion concentration were measured by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 1 below together with the properties of the fermented product 20 days after the start of fermentation.

[0034]

[Table 1] Example Reference Example 11 ○ Percentage of total sugar (%) : 7 days after the start of fermentation 0.6 1.4 9 days after the start of fermentation 0.5 1.1 10 days after the start of fermentation 0.5 0.9 0.5 day after the start of fermentation 0.4 0.5 ○ Number of bacteria (pieces / g) : General viable bacteria 1 × 10 ⁹ × 10 ⁸ Filamentous fungi 1 × 10 ⁵ 4 × 10 ⁵ Actinomycetes 1 × 10 ⁷ 1 × 10 ⁷ ○ Nitrogen content : Total nitrogen ( 1.8) 1.7 Ammonia nitrogen (%) 0.14 0.13 Nitrate nitrogen (%) 0.7 0.7 ○ Potassium ion concentration (% ): 0.3 0.2 ○ Properties : Offensive odor None None Color Black brown Black brown ○ Judgment ¹⁾ : ◎ ○ 1) Judgment: ◎: Total sugar content is reduced to 1% or less within 7 days, and fermentation state is extremely good. ○: Total sugar content is reduced to 1% or less within 10 days, and fermentation state is good.

From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that in the case of Example 1, an organic fertilizer having substantially the same physical properties as that of Reference Example 1 and a high fertilizer effect was obtained in a shorter fermentation time than in Reference Example 1.

Example 2 pH of the mixture at the start of fermentation
And the pH of the mixture during fermentation was adjusted to the pH shown in Table 2 below.
Fermentation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that
The ratio (%) of the total sugar content in the fermented product at 7 days, 9 days, and 15 days after the start of fermentation was determined by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0037]

[Table 2]           pH   Percentage of total sugar (%) Experiment No.At the start of fermentation During fermentation Start of fermentation Start of fermentation Start of fermentation Judgment¹⁾                                    7 days later 9 days later 15 days later    1 5.5 5.5 2.0 1.9 1.9 ×    2 7.0 6.5 to 8.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 ◎    3 9.5 6.5 to 8.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 ◎    4 12.0 6.5 to 8.5 1.7 1.3 0.9 ○    5 12.5 6.5 to 8.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 ×    6 9.5 8.5 to 9.5 1.8 1.4 1.0 ○    7 12.0 10.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 ×    8 12.0 10.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 × 1) Judgment: ：: Total sugar content was reduced to 1% or less within 7 days and fermented
Very good condition ：: The total sugar content decreased to 1% or less within 15 days, and fermentation
Good condition ×: Total sugar content is higher than 1% even after 15 days, fermented
Poor condition

From the results in Table 2 above, in producing the organic fertilizer of the present invention, the pH of the fermentation raw material at the start of fermentation was adjusted to 6.0 to 12.0, and the pH of the fermentation raw material was adjusted during fermentation. It turns out that it is important to perform fermentation so that it is maintained in the range of 6.0 to 9.5.

Example 3 Arabinoxylan content 35
% Of wheat bran and 7.8 kg of zeolite (total 77.8 kg: content of wheat bran in the mixture 90%) was uniformly mixed using a large mixer, 33.0 kg of water was added, and the mixture was heated with steam. It was sterilized. The water content of the mixture after sterilization was about 40%. This mixture is added to Streptomycesev Heimi
omyces heimi) (IFO 25460) and Bacillus subtilis (bacillus subtilis) (IFO 14144), respectively.
After adding 0 g each and mixing uniformly, slaked lime powder was added to adjust the pH of the mixture to 9.5. This was deposited to a thickness of 20 cm in a fermentation chamber adjusted to an ambient temperature of 25 ° C. to start fermentation.

During the fermentation, the pH of the mixture is continuously measured, and if the pH of the mixture is about to fall outside the range of 6.5 to 8.5, slaked lime powder or an aqueous solution of monosodium phosphate is used. PH of the mixture is always 6.5-8.
The fermentation was carried out for 20 days under aerobic conditions while adjusting the pH so that it was 5. The pH of the fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation was 8.2. During the fermentation period, the soil was returned almost every day to make the temperature of the sediment uniform. The ratio of the total sugar amount in the fermentation product at 7, 10, 15, and 20 days after the start of fermentation was determined by the method described above. In addition, general viable bacteria contained in the fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation,
The number of filamentous fungi and actinomycetes was measured by the method described above.
The results are shown in Table 3 below.

<< Comparative Example 1 >> Arabinoxylan content 35
% Of wheat bran and 7.8 kg of zeolite (total 77.8 kg: content of wheat bran in the mixture 90%) was uniformly mixed using a large mixer, 33.0 kg of water was added, and the mixture was heated with steam. It was sterilized. The water content of the mixture after sterilization was about 40%. Next, dried cells 8 of Aspergillus oryzae (IFO 30105) were added to the above mixture.
After adding 0 g and mixing uniformly, the mixture was deposited to a thickness of 20 cm in a fermentation chamber adjusted to an ambient temperature of 27 ° C., and subjected to primary fermentation under aerobic conditions for 72 hours. 3 during the primary fermentation
A roundback was performed.

Next, Streptomyces heimi (Stre
80 g of each of B. ptomyces heimi) (IFO 025460) and 80 g of Bacillus subtilis (IFO 014144) were added and mixed uniformly, and then 20 cm thick in a fermentation chamber adjusted to an ambient temperature of 25 ° C. And fermentation was started. P of fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation
H was 8.2. The fermentation was repeated almost every day to make the sediment temperature uniform and aerobic. 7 days, 10 days, 15 days and 20 days after the start of fermentation
The ratio of the total sugar amount in the fermentation product after the day was determined by the method described above. In addition, the number of general viable bacteria, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes contained in the fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

Example 4 Example 3 was used as a fermentation raw material.
80 kg of wheat bran (wheat bran 10
0%), and fermented for 20 days in the same manner as in Example 3. The pH of the fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation is 8.0.
Met. The ratio of the total sugar amount in the fermentation product at 7, 10, 15, and 20 days after the start of fermentation was determined by the method described above. In addition, the number of general viable bacteria, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes contained in the fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

<< Comparative Example 2 >> Arabinoxylan content 35
33.0 kg of water was added to 80 kg of 100% wheat bran (100% wheat bran) and sterilized by heating steam. The water content of the mixture after sterilization was about 40%. Next, Aspergillus oryzae (IF)
O 30105) was added and mixed uniformly, and then 20 cm was placed in a fermentation chamber where the ambient temperature was adjusted to 27 ° C.
And fermented for 72 hours under aerobic conditions. In the course of the primary fermentation, cutting was performed three times.

Next, Streptomyces heimi (Stre
80 g of each of B. ptomyces heimi) (IFO 025460) and 80 g of Bacillus subtilis (IFO 014144) were added and mixed uniformly, and then 20 cm thick in a fermentation chamber adjusted to an ambient temperature of 25 ° C. And fermentation was started. P of fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation
H was 8.2. The fermentation was repeated almost every day to make the sediment temperature uniform and aerobic. 7 days, 10 days, 15 days and 20 days after the start of fermentation
The ratio of the total sugar amount in the fermentation product after the day was determined by the method described above. In addition, the number of general viable bacteria, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes contained in the fermentation product 20 days after the start of fermentation was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0046]

[Table 3] Example Comparative Example Example Comparative Example 3 1 4 2 (Wheat bran 90%) (Wheat bran 100%) ○ Ratio of total sugar (%) : 7 days after fermentation start 1.0 2.3 1.2 2.7 10 days after fermentation start 0.8 2.0 0.9 2.5 15 days after start of fermentation 0.6 1.9 0.8 2.3 20 days after start of fermentation 0.6 1.7 0.7 2.2 ○ Number of bacteria (pcs / g) : General bacteria 5 × 10 ⁹ 2 × 10 ⁸ 7 × 10 ⁹ 9 × 10 ⁷ Filamentous bacteria 6 × 10 ⁴ 2 × 10 ⁵ 5 × 10 ³ 6 × 10 ⁵ Actinomycetes 2 × 10 ⁷ 3 × 10 ⁵ 5 × 10 ⁷ 4 × 10 ⁴ ○ Judgment ¹⁾ : ◎ × ○ × 1) Judgment: ：: The ratio of the total sugar was reduced to 1% or less within 7 days, and the fermentation state was extremely good. ○: The total sugar was reduced to 1% or less within 10 days, and the fermentation state X: The ratio of the total sugar amount is higher than 1% even after 20 days,
Poor fermentation

From the results shown in Table 3 above, the ratio of the total sugar in the fermented product was reduced to 1% or less within a very short fermentation period of 7 days or less according to Example 3 and 10 days or less according to Example 4. It can be seen that the organic fertilizer which has been reduced and fermented sufficiently and has a high fertilizer effect can be obtained in a very short time. In contrast, in the case of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, fermentation start 2
Even after 0 days, the percentage of total sugar in the fermentation is higher than 1%,
It can be seen that the fermentation does not progress easily and the fermentation takes a long period.

[0048]

The organic fertilizer of the present invention can be produced in a single fermentation step in a very simple and extremely short period (usually a fermentation period of 10 days or less) without using complicated and complicated processes and equipment. can do. In the case of the method of the present invention, compared with the two-stage fermentation method in which primary fermentation and secondary fermentation are performed using different microorganisms, the types of microorganisms to be used can be reduced, so that the microorganisms can be easily managed. is there. Further, the organic fertilizer of the present invention can maintain the fertilizing effect without causing plant growth failure or withering due to concentration disturbance as in conventional chemical fertilizers, and can grow the plant extremely well. The organic fertilizer of the present invention is extremely easy to handle because it is composed of fine particles that are smooth and free of off-flavors, and does not emit a bad odor around even when fertilized. In the organic fertilizer of the present invention, since the components of the arabinoxylan-containing organic matter are converted into components more effective as fertilizers by fermentation, the plant is caused by a temporary lack of oxygen and the generation of methane gas and ammonia gas as in conventional organic fertilizers. It does not cause poor growth or weak roots.

The organic fertilizer of the present invention is particularly suitable for turfgrass, and does not cause problems such as soil thinning and environmental pollution even if it is continuously used. In the present invention, fermentation is further promoted, particularly when a fermentation raw material containing at least one of an adsorbent mineral and charcoal of equal weight or less together with the arabinoxylan-containing organic substance (A) is used as a fermentation raw material, At the same time, the growth of useful bacteria, in particular, actinomycetes that assimilate arabinoxylan, can be promoted, whereby the organic fertilizer of the present invention contains a large amount of nutrients necessary for plant growth in a form easily absorbed. The plant contains a very large amount of useful actinomycetes that inhibit the growth and inhabitation of harmful pathogens and other organisms that are harmful to the growth of the plant, so that the plant grows robustly and well. Can be.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Ken Takeshi 13 Okubo Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.Tsukuba Research Laboratories (72) Inventor Kenzo Okada 13 Okubo Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Nisshin Flour Milling Tsukuba Research Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-2-16778 (JP, A) JP-A-61-209981 (JP, A) Patent 3365527 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) ) C05B 1/08-5/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fermentation raw material comprising an organic substance having an arabinoxylan content of 20% by weight or more, and adding one or more of Streptomyces sp. Actinomycetes, Pseudomonas sp. And Bacillus sp. Is adjusted to 6.0 to 12.0 to start fermentation, and the fermentation is advanced while adjusting the pH so that the pH of the fermentation raw material is maintained in the range of 6.0 to 9.5 during fermentation. A method for producing an organic fertilizer, comprising: 2. A fermentation raw material comprising a mixture of an organic substance having an arabinoxylan content of not less than 20% by weight and at least one selected from an adsorbent mineral material and carbonaceous substances having a weight equal to or less than the organic substance. Genus actinomycetes,
One of Pseudomonas and Bacillus
Seeds or two or more kinds are added, and the pH of the fermentation material is adjusted to 6.0 to 1
The fermentation is adjusted to 2.0 and fermentation is started, and p is adjusted so that the pH of the fermentation feedstock is maintained in the range of 6.0 to 9.5 during fermentation.
A method for producing an organic fertilizer, wherein fermentation is advanced while adjusting H.