JP2024508186A - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2024508186A JP2024508186A JP2023554046A JP2023554046A JP2024508186A JP 2024508186 A JP2024508186 A JP 2024508186A JP 2023554046 A JP2023554046 A JP 2023554046A JP 2023554046 A JP2023554046 A JP 2023554046A JP 2024508186 A JP2024508186 A JP 2024508186A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011871 silicon-based negative electrode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 46
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 42
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- -1 lithium carbonate Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QKJALQPLNMEDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxochromene-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=O)C(C#N)=C2 QKJALQPLNMEDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSPIFKKOBWYOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-acetylcoumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C(C(=O)C)=CC2=C1 CSPIFKKOBWYOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGKXZMHLZMPKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-ethynylchromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=C(C#C)C=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 NGKXZMHLZMPKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910002982 Li2MnO3 phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910020219 SiOw Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910012265 LiPO2F2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- YQOXCVSNNFQMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Ni]=O.[Co] Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni]=O.[Co] YQOXCVSNNFQMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000332 coumarinyl group Chemical group O1C(=O)C(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3,6-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC(C#N)CCC#N LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DCWYVUZDHJMHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].CCOS([O-])(=O)=O DCWYVUZDHJMHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ALYPSPRNEZQACK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].COS([O-])(=O)=O ALYPSPRNEZQACK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
LiaNibCocMndMeO2
前記化学式1において、1<a、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.1、0.5≦d<1.0、0≦e≦0.2であり、Mは、Al、B、Co、W、Mg、V、Ti、Zn、Ga、In、Ru、Nb、Sn、Sr、及びZrからなる群より選択された少なくとも一つ以上である。好ましくは、前記化学式1において、1.1≦a≦1.5、0.1≦b≦0.4、0≦c≦0.05、0.5≦d≦0.80、0≦e≦0.1であり得る。
X Li2MnO3・(1-X)Li[Ni1-y-z-wMnyCozMw]O2
前記[化学式2]において、
Mは、Al、B、Co、W、Mg、V、Ti、Zn、Ga、In、Ru、Nb、Sn、Sr及びZrからなる群より選択された少なくとも一つ以上であり、0.1≦X≦0.5、0.4≦y<1、0≦z≦0.1、0≦w≦0.2である。
LiaNibCocMndMeO2
前記化学式1において、1<a、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.1、0.5≦d<1.0、0≦e≦0.2であり、Mは、Al、B、Co、W、Mg、V、Ti、Zn、Ga、In、Ru、Nb、Sn、Sr及び、Zrからなる群より選択された少なくとも一つ以上である。好ましくは、前記化学式1において、1.1≦a≦1.5、0.1≦b≦0.4、0≦c≦0.05、0.5≦d≦0.80、0≦e≦0.1であり得る。
本発明による正極は、正極活物質として化学式1で表される過リチウムマンガン系酸化物を含む。具体的には、本発明の正極は、正極集電体、前記正極集電体の少なくとも一面に形成された正極活物質層を含み、前記正極活物質層が下記化学式1で表される過リチウムマンガン系酸化物を含む正極活物質を含むことができる。
LiaNibCocMndMeO2
前記化学式1において、Mは、Al、B、Co、W、Mg、V、Ti、Zn、Ga、In、Ru、Nb、Sn、Sr及びZrからなる群より選択された少なくとも一つ以上であり得る。
X Li2MnO3・(1-X)Li[Ni1-y-z-wMnyCozMw]O2
前記[化学式2]において、Mは、金属イオンAl、B、Co、W、Mg、V、Ti、Zn、Ga、In、Ru、Nb、Sn、Sr及びZrからなる群より選択された少なくとも一つ以上であり得る。
本発明による負極は、負極活物質としてシリコン系負極活物質を含む。具体的には、本発明による負極は、負極集電体及び前記負極集電体の少なくとも一面に形成された負極活物質層を含み、前記負極活物質層が負極活物質としてシリコン系負極活物質を含むことができる。
本発明のリチウム二次電池において、分離膜は負極と正極を分離しリチウムイオンの移動通路を提供するもので、通常リチウム二次電池で分離膜として使用されるものであれば、特別な制限なしに使用可能であり、特に電解質のイオン移動に対して低抵抗でありながら電解液含湿能力が優れたものが好ましい。具体的には、多孔性高分子フィルム、例えば、エチレン単独重合体、プロピレン単独重合体、エチレン/ブテン共重合体、エチレン/ヘキセン共重合体及びエチレン/メタクリレート共重合体等のようなポリオレフィン系高分子で製造した多孔性高分子フィルムまたはこれらの2層以上の積層構造体が使用されることができる。また通常の多孔性不織布、例えば、高融点のグラス・ファイバー、ポリエチレンテレフタルレート繊維等からなった不織布が使用されることもできる。また、耐熱性または機械的強度確保のためにセラミックス成分または高分子物質が含まれたコーティングされた分離膜が使用されることもでき、選択的に単層または多層構造で使用されることができる。
また、本発明で使用される電解質としては、リチウム二次電池の製造時に使用可能な有機系液体電解質、無機系液体電解質、固体高分子電解質、ゲル型高分子電解質、固体無機電解質、溶融型無機電解質等を挙げることができ、これらに限定されるものではない。
正極活物質:単層カーボンナノチューブ:PVDFバインダを96.0:1.0:3.0の重量比でN-メチルピロリドン中で混合して正極スラリーを製造した。このとき、正極活物質としては、Al 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2を使用した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.34Co0.02Mn0.64]0.857O2を使用した点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAlがコーティングされていないLi1.143[Ni0.34Co0.02Mn0.64]0.857O2を使用した点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.130[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.870O2を使用した点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2を使用し、第1負極スラリー及び第2負極スラリー製造時に単層カーボンナノチューブの代わりに多層カーボンナノチューブを使用した点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2を使用し、銅集電体シート上に第2負極スラリーを塗布し、乾燥させた後、圧延して単一層構造の負極を製造した点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2を使用し、正極放電容量に対する負極放電容量の比(N/P比率(ratio))が120%となるように正極及び負極のローディング量を調節した点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2を使用し、前記第1負極スラリー及び第2負極スラリーの負極活物質としては、SiOx:グラファイトを10:90の重量比で混合して使用した点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2を使用し、前記第1負極スラリー及び第2負極スラリーの負極活物質としてSiCを単独で使用し、正極放電容量に対する負極放電容量の比(N/P比率(ratio))が250%となるようにした点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.22Co0.12Mn0.66]0.857O2を使用した点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLiNi0.80Co0.10Mn0.10O2を使用した点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質としてAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2の代わりにAl 1500ppmがコーティングされたLi1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2を使用し、前記第1負極スラリー及び第2負極スラリーの負極活物質としてグラファイトを単独で使用し、正極放電容量に対する負極放電容量の比(N/P比率(ratio))が112%となるようにした点を除いて、実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例及び比較例で製造された正極の非可逆容量及び負極の初期効率を下記のような方法で測定した。測定結果は下記表3に示した。
実施例及び比較例で製造された正極とリチウム対極で半電池(half-cell)を製造した後、45℃で0.1Cの定電流で4.65Vとなるまで充電した後、0.1Cの定電流で2.0Vまで放電して活性化工程を行い、活性化工程時の充電容量C1を測定した。
実施例及び比較例で製造された負極とリチウム対極で半電池(half-cell)を製造した後、25℃で0.1Cの定電流で0.005Vとなるまで電流を印加した後、0.005Vの定電位で0.05Cとなるまで充電をし、0.1Cの定電流で1.5Vとなるまで放電した後、充電容量に対する放電容量の百分率を測定した。
前記実施例及び比較例で製造された二次電池を、25℃で0.33Cの定電流で4.35Vとなるまで充電し、0.33Cの定電流で2.5Vとなるまで放電することを1サイクルとして充放電を繰り返しながら、初期放電容量に対するサイクル以後に放電容量が80%水準となる回数を測定した。測定結果は下記[表4]に示した。
前記実施例及び比較例で製造された二次電池をステップ充電(step charging)方法で充電してSOC80%まで充電されるのにかかる時間(単位:分)を測定した。このとき、前記ステップ充電は、一定の充電速度(Cレート(rate))で充電した後、一定電圧(4.35V)に到達したら、充電速度を下げて順に充電を進める方法であり、本発明では3C→2.5C→2C→1.5C→1C→0.5C→0.1CのCレート(rate)条件で順に充電を進めた。測定結果は下記[表4]に示した。
前記実施例及び比較例で製造された二次電池を25℃、0.1Cの条件で4.35V~2.5Vの電圧範囲で充放電してエネルギー密度を測定した。このとき、前記エネルギー密度は、放電容量に平均電圧を掛けた後、二次電池の単位体積で割って計算し、平均電圧は容量-電圧プロファイルのカーブ積分値を容量で割った値である。測定結果は下記[表4]に示した。
Claims (16)
- 正極、負極、分離膜、及び電解質を含むリチウム二次電池であり、
前記正極は、下記化学式1で表される過リチウムマンガン系酸化物を含む正極活物質を含む正極活物質層を含み、
前記負極は、シリコン系負極活物質を含む負極活物質層を含む、リチウム二次電池。
[化学式1]
LiaNibCocMndMeO2
前記化学式1において、1<a、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.1、0.5≦d<1.0、0≦e≦0.2であり、Mは、Al、B、Co、W、Mg、V、Ti、Zn、Ga、In、Ru、Nb、Sn、Sr、及びZrからなる群より選択された少なくとも一つ以上である。 - 前記化学式1において、1.1≦a≦1.5、0.1≦b≦0.4、0≦c≦0.05、0.5≦d≦0.80、0≦e≦0.1である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記過リチウムマンガン系酸化物は、下記[化学式2]で表されるものである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
[化学式2]
X Li2MnO3・(1-X)Li[Ni1-y-z-wMnyCozMw]O2
前記[化学式2]において、
Mは、Al、B、Co、W、Mg、V、Ti、Zn、Ga、In、Ru、Nb、Sn、Sr及びZrからなる群より選択された少なくとも一つ以上であり、0.2≦X≦0.5、0.4≦y<1、0≦z≦0.1、0≦w≦0.2である。 - 前記正極活物質は、D50が2μm~10μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、BET比表面積が1~10m2/gである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極は、初期非可逆容量が5%~70%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極は、電極密度が2.5~3.8g/ccである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記シリコン系負極活物質の初期効率が60%~95%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質層は導電材及びバインダをさらに含み、
前記導電材は単層カーボンナノチューブを含むものである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記シリコン系負極活物質のD50が3μm~8μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質層の空隙率が20%~70%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は酸化シリコンと炭素系負極活物質の混合物であり、
前記リチウム二次電池のN/P比率(ratio)が100%~150%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記負極は、2以上の負極合材層を含む多層構造である、請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極は、負極集電体、前記負極集電体上に配置される第1負極合材層、及び前記第1負極合材層上に配置される第2負極合材層を含み、
前記第2負極合材層の導電材の含量が、前記第1負極合材層の導電材の含量より高い、請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質はSiからなり、
前記リチウム二次電池のN/P比率(ratio)が150%~300%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記リチウム二次電池は、エネルギー密度が500Wh/L以上であり、SOC80%まで急速充電するのに要する時間が20分以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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