JP2023511032A - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023511032A JP2023511032A JP2022541273A JP2022541273A JP2023511032A JP 2023511032 A JP2023511032 A JP 2023511032A JP 2022541273 A JP2022541273 A JP 2022541273A JP 2022541273 A JP2022541273 A JP 2022541273A JP 2023511032 A JP2023511032 A JP 2023511032A
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- Prior art keywords
- active material
- positive electrode
- electrode active
- lithium
- transition metal
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
本発明による正極活物質は、リチウム以外の遷移金属の全体のモル数に対して、Niが50モル%を超える含量で含まれるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質であって、前記正極活物質は、単粒子の形態を有するものであり、前記正極活物質は、表面から中心方向に向けて50nm以下の領域に、空間群がFd3mに属する構造および空間群がFm3mに属する構造が形成されたものであり、前記正極活物質を650kgf/cm2で圧延した時に、平均粒径(D50)が1μm以下である微粉の発生率が5%~30%である。
Li1+aNixCoyMnzM1wO2
また、本発明は、遷移金属の全体のモル数に対して、Niが50モル%を超える含量で含まれる遷移金属水酸化物を準備するステップと、前記遷移金属水酸化物と、リチウム原料物質を、Li/遷移金属のモル比が1~1.2になるように混合し、800~890℃で10~20時間過焼成を行って、単粒子の形態を有する正極活物質を製造するステップとを含み、前記正極活物質は、表面から中心方向に向けて50nm以下の領域に、空間群がFd3mに属する構造および空間群がFm3mに属する構造が形成されるものであり、前記正極活物質を650kgf/cm2で圧延した時に、平均粒径(D50)が1μm以下である微粉の発生率が5%~30%である正極活物質の製造方法を提供する。
また、本発明は、上述の方法により製造された正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極を提供する。
また、本発明は、前記正極を含む電気化学素子を製造することができる。前記電気化学素子は、具体的には、電池、キャパシタなどであることができ、より具体的には、リチウム二次電池であることができる。
Ni0.88Co0.06Mn0.06(OH)2およびLiOHをLi/Meのモル比が1.1になるように混合し、酸素雰囲気下850℃で15時間焼成を行ってリチウム遷移金属酸化物を取得した。前記で取得したリチウム遷移金属酸化物を蒸留水を用いて水洗および乾燥し、水洗および乾燥したリチウム遷移金属酸化物に、H3BO3を、最終製造された正極活物質でBの含量が500ppmになるように混合し、300℃で熱処理して、表面にコーティング層が形成された正極活物質を製造した。
Li/Meのモル比が1.15になるように混合する以外は、前記実施例1と同一の方法で正極活物質を製造した。
Li/Meのモル比が1.15になるように混合し、大気(air)雰囲気下で焼成を行う以外は、前記実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
Li/Meのモル比が1.15になるように混合し、大気(air)雰囲気下950℃で25時間焼成する以外は、前記実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
大気(air)雰囲気下、900℃で焼成を行う以外は、前記実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
Li/Meのモル比が1.15になるように混合し、780℃で10時間焼成する以外は、前記実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
Li/Meのモル比が1.15になるように混合し、大気(air)雰囲気下950℃で焼成する以外は、前記実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
Li/Meのモル比が1.3になるように混合する以外は、前記実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
窒素雰囲気下で焼成する以外は、前記実施例1と同一の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)平均粒径
前記実施例1~3および比較例1~6で製造した単粒子形態の正極活物質粒子の平均粒径を測定するために、Microtrac社製のS-3500を用いて、実施例1~3および比較例1~6で生成された正極活物質の粒度を測定し、その結果を下記表1に示した。
前記実施例1~3および比較例1~6で製造した正極活物質粒子のサンプルを採取し、採取されたサンプルに650kgf/cm2で圧力を加えて粒子にクラックが発生する時点を測定し、圧力単位(MPa)に換算し、その結果を下記表1に示した。
実施例および比較例により製造された正極活物質の断面を切断し、TEM(FE-STEM、TITAN G2 80-100 ChemiSTEM)を用いて、正極活物質の表面から中心方向に向けて50nm以下の領域を観察し、正極活物質の相(phase)は小角回折パターン(small angle diffraction pattern、SADP)を介してFd3m相の存在可否と、Fm3m相の存在可否を確認した。
前記実施例1~3および比較例1~6で製造された正極活物質を650kgf/cm2で圧延した後、粒度分布を測定して1μm未満の微粉発生率を測定した。粒度分布は、Microtrac社製のS-3500を用いて測定し、正極活物質の全重量に対して1μm未満の微粉発生率を重量%に換算し、測定結果は、下記表3に示した。
前記実施例1~3および比較例1~6で製造した正極活物質を用いてリチウム二次電池を製造し、実施例1~3および比較例1~6の正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池それぞれに対して容量を評価した。
前記実験例4と同一の方法で製造した実施例1~3および比較例1~6の正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池の低温(-10℃)出力特性をそれぞれ確認した。具体的には、前記実施例1~3および比較例1~6で製造したリチウム二次電池を低温(-10℃)で0.4Cの定電流でSOC 35まで充電させた後、1,350秒間0.4Cの定電流で放電させて1,350秒間電圧降下を測定し、これを電流値で除して低温での抵抗を測定し、これを下記表5に示した。
前記実験例4と同一の方法で製造した実施例1~3および比較例1~6の正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池を、それぞれ、50℃で0.2Cの定電流で4.7Vまで充電した後、120時間定電圧充電を連続して実施した。0~120時間発生する電流の量を測定し、その結果を下記表6に示した。
Claims (12)
- リチウム以外の遷移金属の全体のモル数に対して、Niが50モル%を超える含量で含まれるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質であって、
前記正極活物質は、単粒子形態を有し、
前記正極活物質は、表面から中心方向に向けて50nm以下の領域に、空間群がFd3mに属する構造および空間群がFm3mに属する構造が形成されたものであり、
前記正極活物質を650kgf/cm2で圧延した時に、平均粒径(D50)が1μm以下である微粉の発生率が5%~30%である、正極活物質。 - 前記正極活物質は、空間群がFd3mに属する構造および空間群がFm3mに属する構造の生成率(Fd3m/Fm3m)が0.2~0.7である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記空間群がFd3mに属する構造は、スピネル構造である、請求項1または2に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記空間群がFm3mに属する構造は、岩塩構造である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記単粒子形態の正極活物質の平均粒径(D50)が1μm~10μmである、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、下記化学式1で表され、
[化学式1]
Li1+aNixCoyMnzM1wO2
前記化学式1中、
M1は、Al、Mg、V、TiおよびZrからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つであり、
0≦a≦0.20、0.5<x<1.0、0<y<0.5、0<z<0.5、0≦w≦0.05、x+y+z+w=1である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記正極活物質を650kgf/cm2で圧延した時に、平均粒径(D50)が1μm以下である微粉の発生率が8%~25%である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。
- 遷移金属の全体のモル数に対して、Niが50モル%を超える含量で含まれる遷移金属水酸化物を準備するステップと、
前記遷移金属水酸化物と、リチウム原料物質を、Li/遷移金属のモル比が1.0~1.2になるように混合し、800~890℃で10~20時間過焼成を行って、単粒子の形態を有する正極活物質を製造するステップとを含み、
前記正極活物質は、表面から中心方向に向けて50nm以下の領域に、空間群がFd3mに属する構造および空間群がFm3mに属する構造が形成されるものであり、
前記正極活物質を650kgf/cm2で圧延した時に、平均粒径(D50)が1μm以下である微粉の発生率が5%~30%である、正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記Li/遷移金属のモル比が1.05~1.15になるように混合する、請求項8に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記過焼成は、酸素または空気雰囲気下で行われる、請求項8または9に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む、リチウム二次電池用正極。
- 請求項11に記載の正極を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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WO2024225150A1 (ja) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-10-31 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 二次電池用正極活物質および二次電池 |
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KR102653933B1 (ko) * | 2020-01-29 | 2024-04-03 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR102669346B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-01 | 2024-05-28 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 이에 의하여 제조된 양극 활물질 |
KR20230162569A (ko) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 전구체, 이를 이용한 양극 활물질의 제조방법 및 양극 활물질 |
KR20240032661A (ko) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-03-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 전구체, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 이용한 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 양극 활물질 |
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CN114868283A (zh) | 2022-08-05 |
CN114868283B (zh) | 2024-07-19 |
EP4064391A4 (en) | 2023-05-24 |
US20230034497A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 |
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EP4064391B1 (en) | 2024-10-23 |
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