JP7418490B2 - リチウム複合酸化物およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム複合酸化物およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7418490B2 JP7418490B2 JP2022069301A JP2022069301A JP7418490B2 JP 7418490 B2 JP7418490 B2 JP 7418490B2 JP 2022069301 A JP2022069301 A JP 2022069301A JP 2022069301 A JP2022069301 A JP 2022069301A JP 7418490 B2 JP7418490 B2 JP 7418490B2
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- lithium composite
- lithium
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- oxide
- composite oxide
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 161
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 161
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 110
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明の一態様によれば、リチウムの吸蔵および放出が可能な一次粒子および前記一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子を含むリチウム複合酸化物が提供される。前記リチウム複合酸化物は、リチウム二次電池の正極活物質としての役割をすることができる。
本発明の他の態様によれば、正極集電体と、前記正極集電体上に形成された正極活物質層とを含む正極が提供され得る。ここで、前記正極活物質層は、正極活物質として、上述した本発明の多様な実施例によるリチウム複合酸化物を含むことができる。
(1)製造例1
まず、硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、および硫酸マンガンを準備し、共沈反応を行って前駆体を合成し、合成された前駆体にLiOHを添加した後、焼成して、リチウム複合酸化物を製造した。具体的に、前駆体にLiOHを混合した後、焼成炉でO2雰囲気を維持しつつ、分当たり1℃で昇温して、10時間熱処理した後、自然冷却して、リチウム複合酸化物を得た。
最終生成されたリチウム複合酸化物のうちAlの含量が1,600ppmおよびZrの含量が1,000ppmになるように製造例1の前駆体にLiOHを混合した後、熱処理する前にAl2O3およびZrO2をさらに混合した後、熱処理したことを除いて、製造例1と同一にリチウム複合酸化物を製造した。
製造例1においてリチウム複合酸化物とB含有原料物質(H3BO3)を混合した後、熱処理する前にAl含有原料物質(Al2O3)と混合した後、熱処理したことを除いて、製造例1と同一にリチウム複合酸化物を製造した。
製造例1においてリチウム複合酸化物とB含有原料物質(H3BO3)を混合した後、熱処理する前にTi含有原料物質(TiO2)と混合した後、熱処理したことを除いて、製造例1と同一にリチウム複合酸化物を製造した。
上述した製造例1~製造例4によって製造されたリチウム複合酸化物に対してXRD分析を行った。
製造例1~製造例3によって製造されたリチウム複合酸化物に対するXPS分析を行ってリチウム複合酸化物の表面にコーティング層が存在するか否かを確認した。XPS分析は、Quantum 2000(Physical Electronics.Inc.)(加速電圧:0.5~15keV、300W、エネルギー分解能:約1.0eV、最小分析領域:10micro、Sputter rate:0.1nm/min)を使用して行われた。
(1)リチウム二次電池の製造
上述した製造例1~製造例4によって製造されたリチウム複合酸化物、導電材として人造黒鉛、結合材としてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVdF)を92:4:4の重量比で混合してスラリーを製造した。前記スラリーを厚み15μmのアルミニウム箔に均一に塗布し、135℃で真空乾燥して、リチウム二次電池用正極を製造した。
上述した方法で製造されたリチウム二次電池を電気化学分析装置(Toyo,Toscat-3100)を用いて25℃、電圧範囲3.0V~4.3V、0.1Cの放電率を適用して充放電実験を実施して、放電容量を測定した。
Claims (9)
- リチウムの吸蔵および放出が可能で少なくともニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)およびマンガン(Mn)を含む一次粒子、および、前記一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子、および、
前記一次粒子間の界面または/および前記二次粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をカバーするコーティング層を含み、
リチウムを除く金属元素中のニッケルのモル分率が0.60以上であるリチウム複合酸化物であって、
前記コーティング層は、少なくとも1つの、前記二次粒子の表面部から前記二次粒子の中心部に向かって減少する濃度勾配を示す酸化物を含み、
前記酸化物は、ボロン含有酸化物、または、ボロン含有酸化物と下記化学式2で表される酸化物とからなり、
LiaM3bOc [化学式2]
(ここで、
M3は、Ni、Mn、Co、Fe、Cu、Nb、Mo、Ti、Al、Cr、Zr、Zn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Pt、Au、P、Eu、Sm、W、Ce、V、Ba、Ta、Sn、Hf、Ce、GdおよびNdから選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
0≦a≦6、0≦b≦8、2≦c≦13であり、
ただし、aおよびbがいずれも0である場合は除かれる。)
R-3m空間群を有する六方格子により定義されるXRDピークにおける(104)ピークの半値幅(FWHM;deg.,2θ)の範囲が下記数式1で表される、リチウム複合酸化物。
-0.025≦FWHM(104)-{0.04+(q-0.6)×0.25}≦0.025 [数式1]
前記数式1で、qは、前記一次粒子内のリチウムを除いた金属元素の総モル数に対するニッケルの比率(molar ratio)であり、前記FWHM(104)は、下記の数式2で表され、
FWHM(104)=FWHMLi(104)-FWHMSi(220) [数式2]
前記数式2で、
前記FWHMLi(104)は、リチウム複合酸化物のXRD測定値で44.5±1.0°(2θ)で観測される(104)ピーク(peak)の半値幅を意味し、
前記FWHMSi(220)は、Si粉末のXRD測定値で47.3±1.0°(2θ)付近で観測される(220)ピーク(peak)の半値幅を意味する。 - 前記一次粒子は、下記の化学式1で表される、請求項1に記載のリチウム複合酸化物。
LiwNi1-(x+y+z)CoxM1yM2zO2 [化学式1]
(ここで、
M1は、Mnであり、
M2は、B、Ba、Ce、Hf、Ta、Cr、F、Mg、Al、Cr、V、Ti、Fe、Zr、Zn、Si、Y、Nb、Ga、Sn、Mo、W、P、Sr、Ge、Nd、GdおよびCuから選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
M1とM2は、互いに異なる元素であり、
M2は前記一次粒子にドーパントとして含まれ、
0.5≦w≦1.5、0<x≦0.40、0<y≦0.20、0≦z≦0.20、x+y+z≦0.40である。) - 下記の数式3で表される前記一次粒子内の金属元素のモル分率(molar ratio)が0.93~0.95であるとき、前記FWHM(104)は、0.098°(2θ)~0.152°(2θ)である、請求項2に記載のリチウム複合酸化物。
モル分率(molar ratio)=Ni(mol)/(Ni(mol)+Co(mol)+M1(mol)) [数式3] - 下記の数式3で表される前記一次粒子内の金属元素のモル分率(molar ratio)が0.87~0.89であるとき、前記FWHM(104)は、0.083°(2θ)~0.137°(2θ)である、請求項2に記載のリチウム複合酸化物。
モル分率(molar ratio)=Ni(mol)/(Ni(mol)+Co(mol)+M1(mol)) [数式3] - 下記の数式3で表される前記一次粒子内の金属元素のモル分率(molar ratio)が0.79~0.81であるとき、前記FWHM(104)は、0.063°(2θ)~0.117°(2θ)である、請求項2に記載のリチウム複合酸化物。
モル分率(molar ratio)=Ni(mol)/(Ni(mol)+Co(mol)+M1(mol)) [数式3] - 前記リチウム複合酸化物のXRD測定値で44.5±1.0°(2θ)で観測される(104)ピーク(peak)の半値幅(FWHMLi(104))の範囲が下記の数式4で表される、請求項1に記載のリチウム複合酸化物。
-0.025≦FWHMLi(104)-{0.12+(q-0.6)×0.25}≦0.025 [数式4] - 前記ボロン含有酸化物が、下記化学式2-1で表される、請求項1に記載のリチウム複合酸化物。
LiaBbM4b’Oc [化学式2-1]
(ここで、
M4は、Ni、Mn、Co、Fe、Cu、Nb、Mo、Ti、Al、Cr、Zr、Zn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Pt、Au、P、Eu、Sm、W、Ce、V、Ba、Ta、Sn、Hf、Ce、GdおよびNdから選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
0≦a≦6、0<b≦8、0≦b’≦8、2≦c≦13である。) - 前記コーティング層は、
前記化学式2で表される酸化物(前記化学式2-1で表されるボロン含有酸化物を除く)の少なくとも1つが存在する第1酸化物層、および
前記化学式2-1で表される前記ボロン含有酸化物が存在する第2酸化物層を含み、
前記第1酸化物層は前記一次粒子間の界面または/および前記二次粒子の表面の少なくとも一部をカバーし、
前記第2酸化物層は少なくとも前記第1酸化物層の表面の一部および/または前記第1酸化物層によりカバーされない一部をカバーする、
請求項7に記載のリチウム複合酸化物。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム複合酸化物を含む正極が使用されたリチウム二次電池。
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