JP2021513442A - ロボット遠隔マニピュレータを備えた手術ロボットシステム及び統合腹腔鏡手術 - Google Patents
ロボット遠隔マニピュレータを備えた手術ロボットシステム及び統合腹腔鏡手術 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、それぞれの全内容が引用により本明細書中に組み込まれている、2019年1月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/788,781号、及び2018年2月7日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/627,554号の優先権の利益を主張する。
本出願は、一般に、ロボット遠隔マニピュレータを備える遠隔作動手術ロボットシステムに関する。
非常に多くの状況及び応用が、遠隔操作外科装置による遠隔作動を必要とする。これらの応用は、オープンフィールドであるか低侵襲性であるかにかかわらず、微細な操作を行う能力、限定された空間で操作する能力、危険な環境や汚染された環境、クリーンルーム又は無菌環境、及び外科的環境で操作する能力を含む。これらの応用は、正確な許容範囲及び末端使用者の技能レベルなどのパラメータと共に変化するが、それぞれの応用は、高精度で巧妙な操作を実行する能力などの、遠隔操作システムの多数の同じ機能を必要とする。
本発明は、好ましくは、外科医による使用に十分に適合されており、手術室にシームレスに統合可能であり、外科医が手術を通してロボットと患者との間で無菌で作業することを可能にし、比較的低コストであり、かつ/又は統合腹腔鏡手術を可能にするロボット遠隔マニピュレータを有する遠隔作動手術ロボットシステムを提供することによって既知のシステムの欠点を克服する。
本発明の原理に従って構成された、低侵襲外科処置又は他の応用で使用できる、ロボット遠隔マニピュレータを有する遠隔作動手術ロボットシステム及び統合腹腔鏡手術について本明細書で説明する。手術ロボットシステムは、縫合及び切開などの時間のかかる困難な手術作業にロボット工学の有用性を提供し、使用者、例えば外科医が、血管の閉鎖及びステープル留めなどの短時間の特殊な手術作業のために統合腹腔鏡手術に効率的に切り替えることを可能にする。十分に多関節の器具は、複雑な手術作業を単純にし、手の動きの再現により精度が向上する。使用者は、外科医の集中力及び能力を向上させるために、リラックスした人間工学的作業姿勢で座る又は立つことができる。
Claims (30)
- 外科手術を行うための遠隔操作用のシステムであって:
複数のマスターリンクを備えるマスターコンソール;
ハンドルで加えられた動きが該複数のマスターリンクの少なくとも1つを動かすように該マスターコンソールに結合された該ハンドル;
複数のスレーブリンクを備えるスレーブコンソールであって、該マスターコンソールに動作可能に結合され、該ハンドルで加えられる動きに応答して動くように構成されている、該スレーブコンソール;及び
該スレーブコンソールに結合されたエンドエフェクタであって、該ハンドルでの作動に応答して動き、かつ該スレーブコンソールでの動きに応答して動いて該外科手術を行うように構成されている、該エンドエフェクタを含み;
該スレーブコンソールが、該エンドエフェクタに動作可能に結合された複数のアクチュエータを備え、該アクチュエータが、該ハンドルでの作動に応答して作動されると、マクロ同期状態中には該複数のスレーブリンクの少なくとも1つにマクロな並進運動を加えるが、マクロ非同期状態では該並進運動を加えず、ミクロ同期状態中には該エンドエフェクタにミクロな動きを加えるが、ミクロ非同期状態では該ミクロな動きを加えない、前記システム。 - 前記マスターコンソールが、前記外科手術中に無菌を維持するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記ハンドルが、前記外科手術中に無菌であり、かつ追加の外科手術のために取り外されている間も滅菌可能であるように、前記マスターコンソールに取り外し可能に結合されている、請求項2記載のシステム。
- 前記ハンドルが、クリップアタッチメントを介して前記マスターコンソールに取り外し可能に結合されている、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記ハンドルが、ねじアタッチメントを介して前記マスターコンソールに取り外し可能に結合されている、請求項1、2、又は3記載のシステム。
- 前記ハンドルが、該ハンドルの作動に応答して動く格納式ピストンを備え、前記マスターコンソールの少なくとも1つのセンサが、該格納式ピストンの動きを検知して、前記複数のアクチュエータに前記エンドエフェクタで対応するミクロな動きをさせるように構成されている、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記スレーブコンソールが、前記少なくとも1つのセンサが少なくとも所定程度の前記格納式ピストンを検知しない限り、前記マスターコンソールでの動きに応答しない、請求項6記載のシステム。
- 前記マスターコンソールが、前記複数のマスターリンクの少なくとも1つのマスターリンクの動きを制限するように構成された機械的制限部を備える、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記マスターコンソールに結合されたディスプレイをさらに含み、該ディスプレイが、前記システムの操作中に使用者が前記エンドエフェクタを視覚化できるように構成されている、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記複数のスレーブリンク及び複数のスレーブジョイントが、前記スレーブコンソールのベースが固定されたまま、前記外科手術を行う前に該スレーブコンソールの遠位端部を所望の水平位置に配置するために近位スレーブジョイントを中心に移動可能であるように、該スレーブコンソールのベースが、該複数のスレーブジョイントの該近位スレーブジョイントを介して該複数のスレーブリンクの近位スレーブリンクに結合されている、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記スレーブコンソールのベースが、前記複数のスレーブリンクの近位スレーブリンクに結合された調整可能な垂直支柱を備え、該調整可能な垂直支柱が、前記外科手術を行う前に該スレーブコンソールの遠位端部を所望の垂直位置に配置するために該複数のスレーブリンク及び前記複数のスレーブジョイントの高さを調整するように構成されている、請求項10記載のシステム。
- 前記スレーブコンソールの遠位端部と前記外科手術を受けている患者の体内に配置されたトロカールとの整合を可能にするように構成された取り外し可能な切開ポインタをさらに含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 制御装置をさらに含み、該制御装置が、前記複数のアクチュエータが該制御装置によって実行される命令に応答して前記スレーブコンソールの前記複数のスレーブリンクに動きを加えるように、該複数のアクチュエータに動作可能に結合されている、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記制御装置が、前記複数のアクチュエータに前記スレーブコンソールの前記複数のスレーブリンクをホーム構成に移動させる命令を実行するように構成されており、該ホーム構成では、該複数のスレーブリンクが、前記外科手術を受けている患者に挿入されたトロカール内で前記エンドエフェクタが配置可能であるように後退している、請求項13記載のシステム。
- 前記制御装置が、前記複数のアクチュエータに前記複数のスレーブリンクの角度付けスレーブリンクを、該角度付けスレーブリンク及び該角度付けスレーブリンクの近位側の前記スレーブコンソールのスレーブリンクが前記システムの操作中に固定されたままである角度まで移動させる命令を実行するように構成されている、請求項13又は14記載のシステム。
- 前記角度付けスレーブリンクの角度では、前記スレーブコンソールの遠位端部により、前記エンドエフェクタが、該角度付けスレーブリンクの角度に平行な角度で傾けられた半球形手術作業空間で前記外科手術を行うことが可能である、請求項15記載のシステム。
- 複数のスレーブジョイントのベータジョイントの遠位側の前記複数のスレーブリンクのうちのスレーブリンクが、該ベータジョイントの近位側の該複数のスレーブリンクのうちのスレーブリンク及び前記スレーブコンソールのベースが固定されたまま、該ベータジョイントに対して移動して該スレーブコンソールの遠位端部を前方手術作業空間と反転手術作業空間との間で反転させるように構成されている、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記マスターコンソールが、作動されると前記複数のマスターリンクのマクロな並進運動を防止するように構成されたクラッチをさらに備える、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記ハンドルに結合された少なくとも1つのセンサが、該ハンドルの作動パターンを検知するように構成され、前記複数のセンサによって検知されたハンドルでの動きが、該少なくとも1つのセンサが該ハンドルの作動パターンを検知しない限り、前記エンドエフェクタによる対応するミクロな動きを引き起こさない、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 近位端部及び遠位端部を有する器具をさらに含み、該近位端部が、前記スレーブコンソールに取り外し可能に結合されるように構成された器具ハブを備え、該遠位端部が前記エンドエフェクタを備える、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記スレーブコンソールの遠位端部が、前記複数のスレーブリンクの角度付けスレーブリンクのアルファ軸を中心に回転可能であり、このため、該スレーブコンソールの遠位端部が、使用者が前記マスターコンソールから移動して前記外科手術を受けている患者に腹腔鏡手術を手動で行えるように配置可能である、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記マスターコンソールがマスター制御装置を備え、前記スレーブコンソールがスレーブ制御装置を備え、該マスター制御装置が、前記ハンドルで検知された動きに基づいて命令を実行して、該動きに基づいて信号を該スレーブ制御装置に送信するように構成され、該スレーブ制御装置が、該信号を受信し、命令を実行して、該マスター制御装置から送信された信号に基づいて前記複数のスレーブリンク若しくは前記エンドエフェクタの少なくとも1つ、又はその両方を動かすように構成されている、請求項1〜21のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記スレーブコンソールが、右スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータ、右スレーブ制御装置、左スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータ、及び左スレーブ制御装置を備え、
該マスターコンソールが、右マスター遠隔マニピュレータ、左マスター遠隔マニピュレータ、及びマスター制御装置を備え、
前方手術作業空間構成では、該マスター制御装置が該右スレーブ制御装置と通信して、該右マスター遠隔マニピュレータでの動きに応答して該右スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータを動かし、該マスター制御装置が該左スレーブ制御装置と通信して、該左マスター遠隔マニピュレータでの動きに応答して該左スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータを動かし、かつ
反転手術作業空間構成では、該マスター制御装置が該左スレーブ制御装置と通信して、該右マスター遠隔マニピュレータでの動きに応答して該左スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータを動かし、該マスター制御装置が該右スレーブ制御装置と通信して、該左マスター遠隔マニピュレータでの動きに応答して該右スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータを動かす、請求項1〜22のいずれか一項記載のシステム。 - 外科手術を行うための遠隔操作用のシステムであって:
マスター制御装置、複数の右マスターリンクを有する右マスター遠隔マニピュレータ、及び複数の左マスターリンクを有する左マスター遠隔マニピュレータを備えるマスターコンソール;
該右マスター遠隔マニピュレータを操作するために該右マスター遠隔マニピュレータに結合された右ハンドル;
該左マスター遠隔マニピュレータを操作するために該左マスター遠隔マニピュレータに結合された左ハンドル;
右スレーブ制御装置、複数の右スレーブリンクを有する右スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータ、左スレーブ制御装置、及び複数の左スレーブリンクを有する左スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータを備えるスレーブコンソール;
該右スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータに結合された右エンドエフェクタであって、該右又は左ハンドルでの作動に応答して動いて該外科手術を行うように構成されている、該右エンドエフェクタ;並びに
該左スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータに結合された左エンドエフェクタであって、該左又は右ハンドルでの作動に応答して動いて該外科手術を行うように構成されている、該左エンドエフェクタを含み;
前方手術作業空間構成では、該マスター制御装置が該右スレーブ制御装置と通信して、該右マスター遠隔マニピュレータでの動きに応答して該右スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータを動かし、該マスター制御装置が該左スレーブ制御装置と通信して、該左マスター遠隔マニピュレータでの動きに応答して該左スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータを動かし、かつ反転手術作業空間構成では、該マスター制御装置が該左スレーブ制御装置と通信して、該右マスター遠隔マニピュレータでの動きに応答して該左スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータを動かし、該マスター制御装置が該右スレーブ制御装置と通信して、該左マスター遠隔マニピュレータでの動きに応答して該右スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータを動かす、前記システム。 - 前記右スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータの遠位端部が、前記複数の右スレーブリンクの右角度付けスレーブリンクのアルファ軸を中心に回転可能であり、前記左スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータの遠位端部が、前記複数の左スレーブリンクの左角度付けスレーブリンクのアルファ軸を中心に回転可能であり、このため、該右及び左スレーブ遠隔マニピュレータの遠位端部が、使用者が前記マスターコンソールから移動して前記外科手術を受けている患者に腹腔鏡手術を手動で行うことができるように配置可能である、請求項1〜24のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記右ハンドルが、前記右マスター遠隔マニピュレータに取り外し可能に結合され、前記左ハンドルが、前記左マスター遠隔マニピュレータに取り外し可能に結合されている、請求項1〜25のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 外科手術を行うための遠隔操作用のシステムであって:
該外科手術中に無菌を維持するように構成された、複数のマスターリンクを備えるマスターコンソール;
ハンドルで加えられた動きが複数のマスターリンクの少なくとも1つを動かすように、該マスターコンソールに取り外し可能に結合された該ハンドルであって、該外科手術中は無菌であり、かつ追加の外科手術のために取り外されている間も滅菌可能である、該ハンドル;
複数のスレーブリンクを備えるスレーブコンソールであって、前記マスターコンソールに動作可能に結合され、かつ該ハンドルで加えられる動きに応答して動くように構成されている、該スレーブコンソール;及び
該スレーブコンソールに結合されたエンドエフェクタであって、該ハンドルでの作動に応答して動き、かつ該スレーブコンソールでの動きに応答して動いて該外科手術を行うように構成されている、該エンドエフェクタを含む、前記システム。 - 前記ハンドルが、前記マスターコンソールから取り外されている間の外科手術間の滅菌を容易にするために、電子機器を備えずに純粋に機械的である、請求項1〜27のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記ハンドルが、クリップアタッチメントを介して前記マスターコンソールに取り外し可能に結合されている、請求項1〜28のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
- 前記ハンドルが、ねじアタッチメントを介して前記マスターコンソールに取り外し可能に結合されている、請求項1〜29のいずれか一項記載のシステム。
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