JP2021164639A - ピンガイドドライバをナビゲートするためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
ピンガイドドライバをナビゲートするためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】ナビゲートピンガイドドライバシステムを使用して、膝関節を切除するためのシステムおよび方法。ナビゲートピンガイドドライバシステムは、ナビゲーションシステムと通信して、ユーザが切断ブロックピンを膝関節に配置するのを支援する。ナビゲートピンガイドドライバシステムは、ハンドルと、ナビゲーションシステムと電子的に通信する参照要素と、1つ以上の切断ブロックに対応し得る1つ以上のピンガイドチューブと、骨に取り付けるように構成された遠位先端とを含み得る。
【選択図】図14
Description
本出願は、2019年9月30日に出願された米国出願第16/587,203号の一部継続出願である、2020年1月8日に出願された米国出願第16/737,054号の一部継続出願である。米国出願第16/737,054号はまた、2019年9月27日に出願された米国仮出願第62/906,831号の利益を主張する。これらの出願の各々の内容は、あらゆる目的のためにそれらの全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
例示的な外科手術処置
手術室(OR)で外科手術ロボット4を使用する例示的な外科手術処置としては、以下を挙げることができる。
1.外科手術ロボット4システムは、手術室(OR)の外側にある。看護師は、患者が外科手術のために準備されているときに、システムをORに運ぶ。
恒久固定
恒久固定構成では、ブレード2104は、ブレードアダプタ2114に恒久的にクランプされ得る。ユーザ(例えば、手術室看護師)は、外科医が外科手術野を準備している間に、ブレード2104をブレードアダプタ2114に組み立てることができる。例示的な恒久固定構成は、以下を含み得る。
分離可能な固定
分離可能な固定構成では、ブレードを現場で迅速にブレードアダプタに取り付け、かつブレードアダプタから分離することができる。ブレードアダプタは、能動的(通常は閉じられており、電気信号によって開くクランプ機構)であっても、受動的(迅速結合および/または迅速解放機構)であってもよい、クランプ機構を統合する。
慣性モーメント
ブレードアダプタ2114は、ブレードの回転軸を中心として回転する結合された「ブレード/ブレードアダプタ」の慣性モーメントを大幅に増加させ得る。ブレードアダプタ2114が鋸ブレード2104と一緒に振動するとすぐに、不均衡な慣性により動的な力およびトルクが生み出され、力およびトルクが機械構造ならびに外科医の手に伝えられる。実装例を最適化するために、振動軸を中心とする振動要素の慣性を最小限に抑えることができる。つまり、振動軸と比べて振動要素の質量が軽く、近いほど優れている。ハンドピース誘導の概念に関する振動軸を中心とした鋸ブレード要素の慣性モーメントは次のとおりである。
● Ih=Id+MD2
Dはブレード振動軸と遠位関節回転軸との間の距離であり、Mはブレードの重量(鋸ブレード要素の重量)であり、Idはブレード振動軸を中心とした鋸ブレード要素の慣性モーメントである。次いで、慣性モーメントは、直接的なブレード誘導の概念を用いてMD2だけ低減する。これは、振動軸とブレード振動軸との間の距離が0である(軸が組み合わされている)ため、最小値である。
追跡
図25は、矢状鋸ハンドピース2112に取り付けられたナビゲーションマーカまたは一連のマーカ2500を含み得る、直接的なブレード誘導システム2100を例示している。マーカ2500により、矢状鋸をカメラ追跡システム6などのカメラによって追跡すること可能になる。光学追跡により、鋸の位置を測定することができるが、切断中に直接的な鋸ブレードの位置を測定することが難しい場合がある(ブレードの振動の高い周波数)。さらに、ブレード/鋸ハンドピース接続の剛性が低いため、追跡は、ブレード2104に対する鋸ハンドピース2112の偏向を直接測定することになる。
さらなる定義および実施形態:
本発明概念の様々な実施形態の上記の発明を実施するための形態において、本明細書で使用される用語が、特定の実施形態を説明することのみを目的とし、本発明概念を限定することを意図したものではないことを理解されたい。別段に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用されるすべての用語(技術用語および科学用語を含む)は、本発明概念が属する当技術分野の当業者によって一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。一般的に使用される辞書に定義されるものなどの用語が、本明細書および関連する技術分野の背景におけるそれらの意味に矛盾しない意味を有するものとして解釈されるべきであり、本明細書で明確にそのように定義された理想化された意味、または過度に形式的な意味では解釈されないことがさらに理解されるであろう。
Claims (20)
- ナビゲートピンガイドドライバシステムであって、
ハンドルと、
第1のピンガイドチューブと、
前記第1のピンガイドチューブに取り付けられている参照要素であって、ナビゲーションシステムと電子通信するように構成されている、参照要素と、
皮質骨にドッキングするように構成されている遠位先端と、を備える、システム。 - 第2のピンガイドチューブをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1のピンガイドチューブが、前記第2のピンガイドチューブと平行である、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- ブリッジをさらに備え、前記第1のピンガイドおよび前記第2のピンガイドが、前記ブリッジ上に配設されている、請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記ブリッジが、前記第1のピンガイドチューブと前記第2のピンガイドチューブとの間の間隔を維持するように構成されている、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記間隔が、切断ブロックに対応する、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記切断ブロックが、4イン1切断ブロックである、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記切断ブロックが、近位脛骨切断ブロックである、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記ナビゲーションシステムをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記参照要素が、前記ナビゲーションシステムによって可視であるように構成されている光学マーカを含む、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- ナビゲートピンガイドドライバシステムを使用して膝関節全置換外科手術を実施するための方法であって、
患者をナビゲーションシステムに対して位置合わせすることと、
前記ナビゲーションシステムを使用して、前記ナビゲートピンガイドドライバシステムを前記患者の膝の目標エリアと一致させることと、
前記ナビゲートピンガイドドライバシステムを使用して、少なくとも1つの切断ブロックピンを前記目標エリアに打ち込むことと、
前記少なくとも1つの切断ブロックピンの上に少なくとも1つの切断ブロックを取り付けることと、
前記少なくとも1つの切断ブロックに対応する前記目標エリアへの切断を実施することと、を含み、
前記ナビゲートピンガイドドライバシステムが、
ハンドルと、
第1のピンガイドチューブと、
前記第1のピンガイドチューブに取り付けられている参照要素であって、ナビゲーションシステムと電子通信するように構成されている、参照要素と、
皮質骨にドッキングするように構成されている遠位先端と、を備える、方法。 - 第2のピンガイドチューブをさらに備える、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のピンガイドチューブが、前記第2のピンガイドチューブと平行である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- ブリッジをさらに備え、前記第1のピンガイドおよび前記第2のピンガイドが、前記ブリッジ上に配設されている、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記ブリッジが、前記第1のピンガイドチューブと前記第2のピンガイドチューブとの間の間隔を維持するように構成されている、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記間隔が、切断ブロックに対応する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記切断ブロックが、4イン1切断ブロックである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記切断ブロックが、近位脛骨切断ブロックである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記ナビゲーションシステムをさらに備える、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記参照要素が、前記ナビゲーションシステムによって可視であるように構成されている光学マーカを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
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