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JP2021044278A - 半導体装置 - Google Patents

半導体装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2021044278A
JP2021044278A JP2019162625A JP2019162625A JP2021044278A JP 2021044278 A JP2021044278 A JP 2021044278A JP 2019162625 A JP2019162625 A JP 2019162625A JP 2019162625 A JP2019162625 A JP 2019162625A JP 2021044278 A JP2021044278 A JP 2021044278A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
bump
metal
terminals
substrate
bump electrode
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
JP2019162625A
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English (en)
Inventor
寛之 脇岡
Hiroyuki Wakioka
寛之 脇岡
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kioxia Corp
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Kioxia Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Kioxia Corp filed Critical Kioxia Corp
Priority to JP2019162625A priority Critical patent/JP2021044278A/ja
Priority to TW109100461A priority patent/TWI734338B/zh
Priority to CN202010027005.9A priority patent/CN112466828B/zh
Priority to US16/799,024 priority patent/US11011484B2/en
Publication of JP2021044278A publication Critical patent/JP2021044278A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

【課題】積層された複数の半導体チップ間において隣接する電極同士のショート不良を抑制することができる半導体装置を提供する。【解決手段】本実施形態による半導体装置は、第1基板と、第2基板とを備える。第2基板は、第1基板の第1面上に積層され、該第1面と対向する第2面を有する。複数の第1端子は、第1基板の第1面上に設けられている。複数の第2端子は、第2基板の第2面上に設けられている。複数の金属部が複数の第1端子と複数の第2端子との間のそれぞれに設けられている。第1および第2基板の積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、複数の第1端子または複数の第2端子は、最も近くに隣接する他の第1または第2端子へ向かう第1方向に凹部を有し、あるいは、第1方向と交差する第2方向に凸部を有する。【選択図】図4

Description

本実施形態は半導体装置に関する。
半導体装置において、小型化や高機能化のために、1パッケージ内に複数の半導体チップを積層するSiP (System in Package) 構造が開発されている。SiP構造において、複数の半導体チップを積層してフリップチップ接続する場合、上下に隣接する複数の半導体チップの電極同士をはんだバンプ等を用いて互いに接続する。
はんだバンプは、半導体チップを押圧しながらリフローすると、電極間において潰されてはみ出す場合がある。はんだのはみ出す方向が、隣接する他の電極の方向である場合には、はんだバンプは、隣接する他の電極と接触し、ショート不良を引き起こすおそれがある。一方、ショート不良を抑制するために、電極やはんだバンプの径を小さくすると、本来接続すべき電極とのオープン不良のおそれがある。
米国特許公開第2009−14896号 特開2009−248156号公報 米国特許公開第2013−99371号
積層された複数の半導体チップ間において隣接する電極同士のショート不良を抑制することができる半導体装置を提供する。
本実施形態による半導体装置は、第1基板と、第2基板とを備える。第2基板は、第1基板の第1面上に積層され、該第1面と対向する第2面を有する。複数の第1端子は、第1基板の第1面上に設けられている。複数の第2端子は、第2基板の第2面上に設けられている。複数の金属部が複数の第1端子と複数の第2端子との間のそれぞれに設けられている。第1および第2基板の積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、複数の第1端子または複数の第2端子は、最も近くに隣接する他の第1または第2端子へ向かう第1方向に凹部を有し、あるいは、第1方向と交差する第2方向に凸部を有する。
第1実施形態による半導体装置の製造方法の一例を示す断面図。 図1に続く、半導体装置の製造方法の一例を示す断面図。 図2に続く、半導体装置の製造方法の一例を示す断面図。 図1の半導体チップを第2面から見た該略平面図。 金属バンプがバンプ電極間でリフローされたときの半導体チップの断面図。 リフロー工程に用いられる熱処理装置の構成例を示すブロック図。 金属バンプのリフロー工程の一例を示す断面図。 図7に続く、金属バンプのリフロー工程の一例を示す断面図。 半導体パッケージの一例を示す断面図。 リフロー後の半導体チップを第2面から見た該略平面図。 第1実施形態の変形例1による半導体チップの該略平面図。 第1実施形態の変形例2による半導体チップの該略平面図。 第2実施形態による半導体チップの該略平面図。 第2実施形態の変形例による半導体チップの該略平面図。 第3実施形態による半導体チップの該略断面図。 第3実施形態による基板配線と金属バンプとの接続部分の構成を示す概略平面図。
以下、図面を参照して本発明に係る実施形態を説明する。本実施形態は、本発明を限定するものではない。図面は模式的または概念的なものであり、各部分の比率などは、必ずしも現実のものと同一とは限らない。明細書と図面において、既出の図面に関して前述したものと同様の要素には同一の符号を付して詳細な説明は適宜省略する。
(第1実施形態)
図1〜図3は、第1実施形態による半導体装置の製造方法の一例を示す断面図である。まず、半導体基板10の第1面F1上に半導体素子20を形成する。半導体基板10は、例えば、シリコン基板等でよい。半導体素子20は、例えば、複数のメモリセルを三次元配置した立体型メモリセルアレイと、該メモリセルアレイを制御するCMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)回路でよい。即ち、半導体装置は、NAND型フラッシュメモリの半導体チップであってもよい。尚、半導体素子20は、他のLSI(Large-Scale Integration)であってもよい。また、半導体素子20は、第2面F2に形成されてもよい。
次に、半導体基板10に、TSV(Through-Silicon Via)等の貫通電極30が形成される。貫通電極30は、第1面F1とその反対側にある第2面F2との間に設けられ、半導体基板10を貫通する貫通孔40に金属材料を埋め込むことによって形成される。貫通電極30には、例えば、銅、ニッケル、タングステン等の低抵抗金属が用いられる。
第1面F1上には、貫通電極30に接続する第1端子としてのバンプ電極51が形成される。バンプ電極51には、例えば、銅、ニッケル、タングステン等の低抵抗金属が用いられる。
第2面F2上には、貫通電極30に接続する第2端子としてのバンプ電極52が形成される。バンプ電極52には、例えば、銅、ニッケル、タングステン等の低抵抗金属が用いられる。バンプ電極52には、金属部としての金属バンプ60が設けられている。金属バンプ60は、バンプ電極51、52よりも融点の低い材料で構成されている。金属バンプ60には、例えば、はんだ(スズ)等の低融点金属が用いられる。金属バンプ60は、バンプ電極51、52よりも融点の低い導電性材料であれば、はんだ以外の他の材料でもよい。バンプ電極52および金属バンプ60の幅は、例えば、5μm〜50μmでよい。隣接するバンプ電極52間の距離は、例えば、10μm〜100μmでよい。
半導体基板10の第2面F2上には、接着剤70が形成されている。接着剤70には、例えば、エポキシ、フェノール、アクリル等の樹脂またはこれらの混合樹脂が用いられる。
以上の半導体ウェハまたは半導体チップはフリップチップ接続される。尚、複数の半導体ウェハは、ウェハ状態のまま積層され、その後、ダイシングされてもよい。代替的に、半導体ウェハは、それぞれチップ状態に個片化されてから積層されてもよい。以下、半導体ウェハは、半導体チップにダイシングされ、その後、積層されるものとして説明する。
次に、図2に示すように、リードフレーム100上に接着剤110で配線基板120を接着する。その後、複数の半導体チップC1、C2・・・を配線基板120上に積層する。即ち、複数の半導体チップC1、C2・・・は、フリップチップ接続される。ここで、配線基板120を「第1基板」とし、半導体チップC1を「第2基板」としてよい。また、配線基板120の代わりに、貫通電極30が形成されていない半導体チップを「第1基板」とし、その半導体チップの上に積層される他の複数の半導体チップを「第2基板」としてもよい。半導体チップを第1基板とする場合、第1基板としての半導体チップは、その上に積層される第2基板としての他の半導体チップと略同等の回路構成を有し、かつ、貫通電極30が形成されていないことのみ異なる半導体チップでよい。
図3は、複数の半導体チップC1〜C4を配線基板120上に積層したときの構成を示す断面図である。半導体チップC1〜C3は、例えば、NANDメモリチップであり、半導体チップC4は、例えば、コントローラチップである。積層方向(D1方向)に隣接する複数の半導体チップC1〜C4は、接着剤70で互いに接着されており積層体STを構成する。半導体チップC1〜C4は、バンプ電極51、52、金属バンプ60および貫通電極30によって電気的に接続されている。尚、本実施形態では、4つの半導体チップC1〜C4が積層されているが、積層される半導体チップの数は、3以下であっても、5以上であってもよい。
ここで、バンプ電極51,52および金属バンプ60の平面形状について説明する。
図4は、図1の半導体チップを第2面F2から見た該略平面図である。尚、便宜的に、バンプ電極51の外形も図示している。バンプ電極52および金属バンプ60は、図1の半導体チップを形成する際に、リソグラフィ技術およびエッチング技術を用いて同時に加工される。従って、バンプ電極52および金属バンプ60は、平面形状においてほぼ同一形状を有する。
本実施形態において、バンプ電極52および金属バンプ60は、2列に略等間隔で配置されており、その周囲に接着剤70が配置されている。バンプ電極52および金属バンプ60は、3列以上のマトリックス状に配置されてもよい。
本実施形態において、各バンプ電極52および各金属バンプ60は、平面形状において、凹部P1および凸部P2を有する。凹部P1は、バンプ電極52および金属バンプ60に最も近くに隣接する他のバンプ電極52または他の金属バンプ60へ向かう第1方向としてのD11a方向およびD11b方向に設けられている。即ち、凹部P1は、四方に隣接する最寄りの他のバンプ電極52または他の金属バンプ60に向かって四方に設けられている。
一方、凸部P2は、隣接する凹部P1間に設けられ、D11a方向およびD11b方向に交差する第2方向D12aおよびD12bに設けられている。凸部P2も四方に向かって設けられているが、D11a方向およびD11b方向に対して約45度の角度で傾斜し交差する第2方向D12aおよびD12bに向かって突出している。
もし、バンプ電極52および金属バンプ60が凹部P1および凸部P2を有さず、バンプ電極51と同様に略円形である場合、D11a方向およびD11b方向において、隣接する2つのバンプ電極52間の距離DST1a、DST1bは比較的短い。一方、D12a方向およびD12b方向において、隣接する2つのバンプ電極52間の距離DST2a、DST2bは比較的長い。この場合、金属バンプ60のチップ積層およびリフロー工程において、はんだがD11a方向およびD11b方向にはみ出したときに、隣接する金属バンプ60同士の距離DST1a、DST1bが比較的短いため、金属バンプ60同士が接触し易く、ショート不良を引き起こすおそれがある。一方、はんだがD12a方向およびD12b方向にはみ出した場合には、隣接する金属バンプ60同士の距離DST2a、DST2bが比較的長いため、金属バンプ60同士が接触し難い。
そこで、本実施形態では、各バンプ電極52および各金属バンプ60は、平面形状において、D11a方向およびD11b方向に凹部P1を有し、D12a方向およびD12b方向に凸部P2を有する。D11a方向およびD11b方向において、最も近くに隣接する2つのバンプ電極52または金属バンプ60は、凹部P1において対向している。よって、最も近くに隣接する2つのバンプ電極52間の距離または金属バンプ60間の距離DST1a、DST1bが拡がる。これにより、金属バンプ60のチップ積層およびリフロー工程において、はんだがD11a方向およびD11b方向にはみ出しても、金属バンプ60同士が接触し難くなる。
また、はんだがD11a方向およびD11b方向にはみ出すとき、はんだは、バンプ電極52の側面を図4の紙面方向(図5のD1方向)へ或る程度はみ出す。例えば、図5は、金属バンプ60がバンプ電極52とバンプ電極51との間でリフローされたときの半導体チップの断面図である。図5に示すように、金属バンプ60は、D11a方向およびD11b方向からはみ出すと、はんだは、バンプ電極52の側面を伝わってD1方向へ広がっている。これにより、はんだがD11a方向およびD11b方向にはみ出すことを軽減することができる。その結果、金属バンプ60同士がさらに接触し難くなる。
また、D12a方向およびD12b方向に凸部P2を設けることによって、金属バンプ60のリフロー工程において、溶融したはんだが、凸部P2に伝って流動する。従って、凸部P2は、はんだのはみ出す(流出)方向をD12a方向およびD12b方向へ誘導することができる。D12a方向およびD12b方向は、金属バンプ60間の距離(DST2a、DST2b)が広い方向である。よって、金属バンプ60は、D12a方向およびD12b方向にはみ出しても、他の金属バンプ60に接触し難くい。
このように、本実施形態によるバンプ電極52は、金属バンプ60のリフロー工程において、はんだのはみ出す方向を制御して、他の金属バンプ60との距離が遠い方向D12a、D12bへはんだをはみ出させる。あるいは、バンプ電極52は、金属バンプ60をバンプ電極52の側面に沿ってD1方向へ誘導する。これにより、隣接する金属バンプ60同士のショート不良を抑制することができる。
次に、図2から図3へ半導体チップC1〜C4を積層する際のリフロー工程を説明する。
図6は、リフロー工程に用いられる熱処理装置200の構成例を示すブロック図である。熱処理装置200は、チャンバ201と、ヒータ202と、ステージ203と、薬液タンク204と、不活性ガス供給部205と、配管206、207と、マスフローコントローラMFCと、真空ポンプ208と、除害装置209とを備えている。
チャンバ201は、ヒータ202およびステージ203を収容する。ステージ203は、チャンバ201内に搬入された複数の積層体STを載置することができる。ヒータ202は、複数の積層体STを加熱することができる。これにより、チャンバ201内部で半導体チップ間の金属バンプ60をリフローすることができる。
薬液タンク204は、薬液Cを収容可能であり、配管206を介してチャンバ201および不活性ガス供給部205に接続されている。薬液Cは、還元剤として、例えば、ギ酸(HCOOH)を含む。ギ酸は、例えば、酸化されたはんだ(酸化スズ(SnO、SnO))を還元する還元剤として用いられる。薬液Cは、薬液タンク204内で気化され、酸化スズ(SnO、SnO)を還元する還元ガスとして配管206を介してチャンバ201内に導入される。
不活性ガス供給部205は、配管206を介して薬液タンク204またはチャンバ201内に不活性ガスを供給する。不活性ガスは、例えば、窒素、希ガス等でよい。薬液タンク204において、不活性ガスは、薬液Cの気化に用いられる。また、不活性ガスは、還元ガスの濃度を調整するために用いられたり、チャンバ201内部のクリーニングのために用いられる。以下、薬液Cは、ギ酸溶液であり、還元ガスは、ギ酸ガスを主成分として含むものとして説明を進める。
真空ポンプ208は、配管207を介してチャンバ201に接続されており、チャンバ201内部を減圧したり、チャンバ201内部の気圧を制御することができる。除害装置209は、真空ポンプ208によって排気されたガスを無害化する。
このような構成を有する熱処理装置200によって、積層体STは熱処理される。
図7(A)〜図8は、金属バンプ60のリフロー工程の一例を示す断面図である。
図7(A)〜図8では、第1半導体チップとしての半導体チップC1の第1面F1上に第2半導体チップとしての半導体チップC2が積層される様子を示している。
まず、図7(A)に示すように、第1半導体チップとしての半導体チップC1の第1面F1と第2半導体チップとしての半導体チップC2の第2面F2とを対向させて、半導体チップC1側のバンプ電極51と半導体チップC2側のバンプ電極52あるいは金属バンプ60とを互いに接触可能なように位置合わせをする。尚、このとき、半導体チップC2の第2面F2から見たバンプ電極51、52および金属バンプ60の平面形状は、図4に示すように成形されている。
半導体チップC1において、バンプ電極51の側面には、酸化膜55が形成されている。バンプ電極51には、例えば、ニッケルが用いられている。酸化膜55は、バンプ電極51の自然酸化膜であり、例えば、ニッケル酸化膜である。バンプ電極51の表面には、金メッキ80が形成されている。バンプ電極51の周辺の第1面F1上には、ポリイミド膜90が設けられており、隣接するバンプ電極51間を電気的に絶縁している。貫通電極30には、例えば、ニッケルが用いられている。貫通電極30は、導電体56を介してバンプ電極51に電気的に接続されている。
一方、半導体チップC2において、金属バンプ60の周囲には、酸化膜61が形成されている。酸化膜61は、金属バンプ60の自然酸化膜であり、例えば、酸化スズ(SnO、SnO)膜で構成されている。バンプ電極52の側面には、例えば、ニッケル酸化膜が形成されている。バンプ電極52と金属バンプ60との間には、銅膜31が設けられており、バンプ電極52と金属バンプ60とを良好に接続している。
このような半導体チップC1、C2を加熱しつつ、D1方向に接近させ圧接する。このとき、半導体チップC1、C2の温度は、金属バンプ60の融点未満である。例えば、半導体チップC1、C2の温度は、約150℃前後でよい。これにより、バンプ電極51と金属バンプ60とが仮固定される。仮固定は、熱処理装置200に半導体チップC1、C2を搬入する際に、半導体チップC1,C2が外れない程度に接続することである。従って、仮固定は、リフロー工程後の半導体チップC1,C2の接続よりも弱い接続でよい。また、仮固定は、バンプ電極51と金属バンプ60とを物理的に接続すればよく、電気的な接続でなくてもよい。バンプ電極51と金属バンプ60との仮固定は、例えば、パルスヒータ加熱型ボンダを用いて、金属バンプ60をその融点未満に加熱しつつ、半導体チップC1、C2を互いに押し付けてバンプ電極51とはんだバンプとを圧接することで実現される。また、仮固定は、図示しない感光性接着剤または非導電性接着剤で半導体チップC1と半導体チップC2とを接着することで実現してもよい。
仮固定において、図7(B)に示すように、金属バンプ60は、半導体チップC1と半導体チップC2との間で或る程度潰れて変形し、略楕円形状となる。従って、隣接する金属バンプ60間の距離(間隙)DSTが狭くなる。このとき、バンプ電極51と金属バンプ60とは、酸化膜61を介して接続されており、まだ電気的には接続されていなくてもよい。
このとき、金属バンプ60は、或る程度潰れ、図4および図5を参照して説明したように、他のバンプ電極52または他の金属バンプ60との距離が遠い方向D12a、D12bへ突出し、あるいは、バンプ電極52の側面に沿ってD1方向へ或る程度突出する。これにより、隣接する金属バンプ60間の距離(間隙)DSTはあまり狭くならない。これは、後のリフロー工程で金属バンプ60間のショート不良を抑制することに繋がる。
このように、半導体チップC1およびC2は、バンプ電極51と金属バンプ60とを互いに接触させて仮固定するように積層される。同様に、他の半導体チップC3、C4も、半導体チップC1、C2の上に仮固定される。積層された配線基板120および半導体チップC1〜C4を以下積層体STともいう。
次に、仮固定された積層体STを、金属バンプ60をリフローするために、図6に示す熱処理装置200のチャンバ201内へ搬入する。積層体STは、ステージ203上に載置される。
積層体STがチャンバ201内に搬入された後、チャンバ201内が減圧され、ヒータ202がステージ203の温度を上昇させる。熱処理装置200は、薬液タンク204からチャンバ201へギ酸ガスを導入し、酸化膜(酸化スズ)61を還元し除去する。さらに、熱処理装置200は、積層体STを金属バンプ60の融点以上に熱処理する。これにより、図8に示すように、金属バンプ60はリフローされ、半導体チップC1のバンプ電極51に電気的に接続される。
ここで、リフロー工程において、金属バンプ60は、図4および図5を参照して説明したように、他のバンプ電極52または他の金属バンプ60との距離が遠い方向D12a、D12bへはんだを誘導し、あるいは、バンプ電極52の側面に伝ってD1方向へ流動する。これにより、隣接する金属バンプ60同士のショート不良を抑制することができる。
次に、ヒータ202がステージ203の温度を低下させ、チャンバ201内の気圧を大気圧へ近づける。その後、積層体STはチャンバ201から搬出され、半導体パッケージとして組み立てられる。例えば、図9は、半導体パッケージの一例を示す断面図である。実装基板300上に、積層体STを熱硬化性樹脂330で接着し、積層体STと実装基板との間をワイヤーボンディング(図示せず)やバンプ電極340等で接続する。その後、実装基板上の積層体STを樹脂310で封止し、実装基板の底面に外部接続端子320を形成する。これにより、半導体パッケージ(SiP)が完成する。尚、図9では、積層体STに含まれる半導体チップCn(nは整数)は、図3に示す積層体STのそれよりも多い。
以上の工程を経て形成された半導体装置では、図8に示すように、半導体チップC1および半導体チップC2は、第1面F1と第2面F2とを対向させるように積層されている。半導体チップC1の第1面F1に設けられたバンプ電極51と半導体チップC2の第2面F2に設けられたバンプ電極52とは、金属バンプ60によって電気的に接続されている。バンプ電極51とバンプ電極52との間に設けられた金属バンプ60は、リフローされているため、図4に示す形状とは異なっている。しかし、バンプ電極52は、図4に示す形状を維持している。従って、半導体チップC1、C2の積層方向(D1方向)に対して略垂直方向の断面(図8の4−4線に沿った断面)において、バンプ電極52は、図4のD11a方向およびD11b方向に凹部P1を有し、D12a方向およびD12b方向に凸部P2を有する。これにより、上記仮固定やリフロー工程において、金属バンプ60のはみ出し方向を制御し、隣接する金属バンプ60同士のショート不良を抑制することができる。
また、リフロー工程において、金属バンプ60の流動方向は、バンプ電極52の形状に従って制御される。例えば、図10は、リフロー後の半導体チップを第2面F2から見た該略平面図である。リフロー工程において、金属バンプ60は、上述の通り、D11a方向およびD11b方向よりも、D12a方向およびD12b方向へ多く誘導される(はみ出す)。従って、D1方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、金属バンプ60のD12a方向の幅およびD12b方向の幅は、D11a方向およびD11b方向の幅よりも広くなっている。このように、バンプ電極52は、仮固定やリフロー工程において、隣接する金属バンプ60間の距離に応じて、金属バンプ60のはみ出し方向を制御し、金属バンプ60同士のショート不良を抑制することができる。
(変形例1)
図11は、第1実施形態の変形例1による半導体チップの該略平面図である。変形例1では、バンプ電極51も、バンプ電極52と同じ形状を有する。即ち、各バンプ電極51は、平面形状において、凹部P1および凸部P2を有する。凹部P1は、最寄りの他のバンプ電極51に向かって四方に設けられている。凸部P2は、隣接する凹部P1間に設けられ、D11a方向およびD11b方向に交差する第2方向D12aおよびD12bに設けられている。
バンプ電極51が、バンプ電極52と同様に、凹部P1および凸部P2を有する。これにより、リフロー工程において、バンプ電極51とバンプ電極52との間に挟まれる金属バンプ60は、方向D12aおよびD12bにさらに誘導され易くなる。また、金属バンプ60は、D11a方向およびD11b方向からはみ出したときに、バンプ電極52だけでなく、バンプ電極51の側面にも沿ってD1方向へ流出する。これにより、D11a方向およびD11b方向にはみ出すはんだの量がさらに低減する。その結果、金属バンプ60同士がさらに接触し難くなる。
(変形例2)
図12は、第1実施形態の変形例2による半導体チップの該略平面図である。変形例2では、凹部P1および凸部P2の向きが、最も近くに隣接する2つのバンプ電極52間においてほぼ90度回転している。即ち、複数のバンプ電極52は、互い違いにほぼ90度ずつ回転させるように配置されている。従って、積層方向D1に対して略垂直方向の断面において、最も近くに隣接する2つのバンプ電極52の一方は、他方へ向かって(D11aまたはD11b方向に)凹部P1を有し、他方は一方へ向かって(D11aまたはD11b方向に)凸部P2を有する。換言すると、最も近くに隣接する2つのバンプ電極52は、凹部P1と凸部P2とで対向している。
この場合、最も近くに隣接する2つのバンプ電極52間の距離DST1a、DST1bは、或る程度広く維持することができる。また、金属バンプ60を誘導する凸部P2の方向が、最も近くに隣接する他のバンプ電極52の凹部P1に向かっている。従って、変形例2による半導体装置も、金属バンプ60同士のショート不良を抑制することができる。
変形例2は、変形例1と組み合わせてもよい。即ち、バンプ電極51も、バンプ電極52と同じ形状に形成されてもよい。バンプ電極51も、互い違いにほぼ90度ずつ回転させるように配置され、最も近くに隣接する2つのバンプ電極51は、凹部P1と凸部P2とで対向している。これにより、変形例2は、変形例1の効果も得ることができる。
(第2実施形態)
図13は、第2実施形態による半導体チップの該略平面図である。第2実施形態では、複数のバンプ電極51、52は、それぞれ隣接方向に対して傾斜する方向(ほぼ斜め45度)に長径および/または短径を有するように配列されている。例えば、複数のバンプ電極51は、それぞれ積層方向D1に対して略垂直方向の断面において、D12b方向に長径を有し、D12b方向に略直交するD12a方向に短径を有する略楕円形である。バンプ電極51、52の長径方向(または短径方向)は、バンプ電極51、52の配列方向D11a、D11bに対してほぼ45度に傾斜する方向であると言ってもよい。
これにより、バンプ電極51、52の長径は、凸部P2と同様に機能し、リフロー工程において金属バンプ60を誘導する。従って、金属バンプ60は、バンプ電極51、52の長径方向(D12b方向)にはみ出し、最も近くに隣接する他の金属バンプ60の方向D11aにはさほどはみ出さない。
また、第2実施形態において、積層方向から見て、バンプ電極51の長径とバンプ電極52の長径は、クロス(略直交)している。即ち、積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、バンプ電極52は、D12b方向に長径を有し、D12a方向に短径を有する略楕円形である。バンプ電極51は、D12b方向に短径を有し、D12a方向に略直交する方向に長径を有する略楕円形である。これにより、バンプ電極52の長径がバンプ電極51の短径の方向にほぼ一致する。よって、リフロー工程において、溶融した金属バンプ60が、或る程度バンプ電極51の側面に沿ってD1方向へはみ出る。また、バンプ電極51の長径がバンプ電極52の短径の方向にほぼ一致する。よって、リフロー工程において、溶融した金属バンプ60が、或る程度バンプ電極52の側面に沿ってD1方向へはみ出る。よって、金属バンプ60は、D12a方向およびD12b方向に誘導され、最も近くに隣接する他の金属バンプ60の方向へははみ出し難い。その結果、隣接する金属バンプ60同士のショート不良を抑制することができる。第2実施形態は、第1実施形態と同様の効果を得ることができる。
また、積層方向から見て、バンプ電極51とバンプ電極52との重複面積が比較的小さくなる。このため、金属バンプ60のはみ出し量自体が少なくなり、隣接する金属バンプ60同士のショート不良を抑制することができる。
尚、図13では、バンプ電極51、52の長径および短径は入れ替えてもよい。即ち、バンプ電極52がD12a方向に長径を有し、バンプ電極51がD12b方向に長径を有していてもよい。また、バンプ電極51、52は、略楕円形に代えて略長方形であってもよい。この場合、バンプ電極51、52の長径および短径は、それぞれ長方形の長辺および短辺と読み替えればよい。
また、隣接するバンプ電極51間の距離またはバンプ電極52間の距離を維持するために、バンプ電極51の長径の方向は、全て略同一方向に揃っていることが好ましい。バンプ電極52の長径の方向も、全て略同一方向に揃っていることが好ましい。
(変形例)
図14は、第2実施形態の変形例による半導体チップの該略平面図である。本変形例では、複数のバンプ電極51、52は、千鳥配置されている。即ち、複数のバンプ電極51、52のD11b方向に配列されたバンプ列(配列)COL1、COL2は、D11a方向に隣接しており、D11b方向に半ピッチずつずれている。1ピッチPTは、D11b方向に隣接する複数のバンプ電極51、52間の距離である。
また、バンプ電極51、52は、それぞれD11a方向またはD11b方向に長径または短径を有する。即ち、バンプ電極51の長径方向または短径方向は、バンプ電極51の配列方向D11bであり、バンプ電極52の長径方向または短径方向は、バンプ電極52の配列方向D11bである。例えば、バンプ電極51は、D11b方向に長径を有し、D11a方向に短径を有する。バンプ電極52は、D11a方向に長径を有し、D11b方向に短径を有する。本変形例では、バンプ列COL1、COL2の隣接方向D11aにおいて、バンプ電極52同士は隣接していない。従って、バンプ電極52は、D11a方向に長径を有することによって、リフロー工程において、金属バンプ60をD11a方向に誘導する。これにより、金属バンプ60はD11a方向にはみ出ても、隣接する他の金属バンプ60と接触し難い。
このように、本変形例によれば、複数のバンプ電極51、52を千鳥配置しても、金属バンプ60のショート不良を抑制することができる。
(第3実施形態)
図15は、第3実施形態による半導体チップの該略断面図である。図16は、第3実施形態による基板配線と金属バンプとの接続部分の構成を示す概略平面図である。第3実施形態では、フリップチップ接続によって、半導体チップC1が配線基板120上に接続されている。
第3実施形態では、図15に示すように、配線基板120上に基板配線125が設けられており、基板配線125上に半導体チップC1の金属バンプ60を接続している。図16に示すように、基板配線125の側面は、金属バンプ60の接続部分において凹部126を有する。即ち、配線基板120の表面上方から見たときに、基板配線125のうち金属バンプ60の接続部分の幅は、他の部分の幅よりも狭くなっており、括れている。ここで、隣接する基板配線125の配線方向をD12とする。
金属バンプ60は、基板配線125の凹部126に熱圧着または超音波によってリフローされて接続される。このとき、金属バンプ60は、基板配線125の表面のD12方向及び、凹部126の側面にD1方向に沿って流れる。即ち、金属バンプ60は、互いに隣接する基板配線125同士の方向D11へはあまりはみ出さない。尚、配線基板120と半導体チップC1との間には、NCP(Non-Conductive Paste)またはNCF(Non-Conductive Film)等の接着材が設けられていてもよい。
上記の実施形態において、複数の半導体チップC1、C2・・・を積層することは、「第1基板」としての半導体チップと、「第2基板」としての半導体チップを積層することと解してもよい。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態を説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。これら実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれると同様に、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれるものである。
10 半導体基板、20 半導体素子、30 貫通電極、40 貫通孔、51,52 バンプ電極、60 金属バンプ、70 接着剤、C1〜C4 半導体チップ、P1 凹部、P2 凸部

Claims (7)

  1. 第1基板と、
    前記第1基板の第1面上に積層され、該第1面と対向する第2面を有する第2基板と、
    前記第1基板の前記第1面上に設けられた複数の第1端子と、
    前記第2基板の前記第2面上に設けられた複数の第2端子と、
    前記複数の第1端子と前記複数の第2端子との間のそれぞれに設けられた複数の金属部と、
    前記第1および第2基板の積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、前記複数の第1端子または前記複数の第2端子は、最も近くに隣接する他の第1または第2端子へ向かう第1方向に凹部を有し、あるいは、前記第1方向と交差する第2方向に凸部を有する、半導体装置。
  2. 前記金属部には、前記第1および第2端子よりも融点の低い材料が用いられ、
    前記積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、前記金属部の前記第2方向の幅は、前記金属部の前記第1方向の幅よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
  3. 前記積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、前記第2方向は、前記第1方向に対して約45度の角度で交差している、請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置。
  4. 前記積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、前記第1または第2端子は、前記第1方向に凹部を有し、かつ、前記第2方向に凸部を有し、
    最も近くに隣接する2つの前記第1端子または最も近くに隣接する2つの前記第2端子は、前記凹部において対向している、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の半導体装置。
  5. 前記積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、前記第1または第2端子は、前記第2方向に長径を有し、前記第2方向に略直交する方向に短径を有する略楕円形である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の半導体装置。
  6. 前記積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、前記第1端子は、前記第2方向に長径を有し、前記第2方向に略直交する方向に短径を有する略楕円形であり、前記第2端子は、前記第2方向に短径を有し、前記第2方向に略直交する方向に長径を有する略楕円形である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の半導体装置。
  7. 第1基板と、
    前記第1基板の第1面上に積層され、該第1面と対向する第2面を有する第2半導体チップと、
    前記第1基板の前記第1面上に設けられた複数の第1端子と、
    前記第2基板の前記第2面上に設けられた複数の第2端子と、
    前記複数の第1端子と前記複数の第2端子との間のそれぞれに設けられた複数の金属部と、
    前記第1および第2基板の積層方向に対して略垂直方向の断面において、最も近くに隣接する2つの第1端子のうち一方の第1端子は、他方の第1端子へ向かう第1方向に凹部を有し、前記他方の第1端子は前記第1方向に凸部を有する、半導体装置。
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