JP2015163745A - 含浸布 - Google Patents
含浸布 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2015163745A JP2015163745A JP2015084937A JP2015084937A JP2015163745A JP 2015163745 A JP2015163745 A JP 2015163745A JP 2015084937 A JP2015084937 A JP 2015084937A JP 2015084937 A JP2015084937 A JP 2015084937A JP 2015163745 A JP2015163745 A JP 2015163745A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- surface portion
- space
- powder material
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
【解決手段】第1の表面部10と、当該第1の表面部10から空間で分離した第2の表面部12と、第1の表面部10と第2の表面部12との間に延在する連結繊維14と、第1の表面部10と第2の表面部12との間の空間に配置した粉末材料とを具える布地であり、該粉末材料は、液体の添加で硬質又は半硬質の固体に固化可能となっており、布地の2つの表面部10,12の間の空間の容積は、2つの表面部が離される距離を制限する連結繊維14によって限定され、連結繊維14が、充填した材料を固化の際に補強する布地。
【選択図】図3
Description
第1には、目止め剤が粉末として残り、融解したプラスチックを凝結させて、密封材料として作用するのを妨害し;
第2には、目止め剤によって有効な熱切削に要求される熱の入力が増加し、刃での切削を妨害し、適切にスペーサー型の織布を融解するのを妨害する;
という2の理由によって、熱切削及び熱融着が困難又は不可能となる。従って、熱融着が作用するためには、布地は機械的に切削しなければならず、かつ、粉末は密封されている縁部から最初に除去しなければならず、好適な方法は真空を用いて縁部に隣接する領域で粉末を吸引し、その後表面部を密封するのに熱及び圧力を印加することである。しかしながら、プロセスにおけるその多数のステップによって、時間の浪費及び労力のかかるものとなるか、あるいは高価でかつ巨大な機械が要求され、更にはそのプロセスは多くの場合信頼性がなく、有効な熱融着のために表面に粉塵がないことが要求されるため速度が遅い。
第1の表面部と;
第1の表面部から空間で分離した第2の表面部と;
第1の表面部と第2の表面部との間を延在し、間隙を介した配置で第1の表面部及び第2の表面部を維持する自耐性のある連結繊維と;
第1の表面部と第2の表面部との間の空間に配置した粉末材料と;
を具え、この材料は液体の添加又は放射線への曝露で硬質又は半硬質の固体に固化でき、布地の1以上の縁部では、第1の表面部及び第2の表面部は、縁部で空間を少なくとも部分的に閉塞する弾性のある織糸によって連結される。
・連結繊維の配置、形状、及び物理的特性;
・密度及び粒径ならびに形状分布を含む好適な物理的特徴と有する目止め材料の選択;
・密度及び粒径ならびに形状分布を含む好適な物理的特徴と有する反応物の選択;
・材料内部の嵩密度を補正するために充填材を特に充填する製造プロセスの注意深い制御;及び
・乾燥充填材内部の反応物及び目止め材の比率の制御。
1.材料は浸漬でき、(液体が水である好適な実施形態にあるように)固化材料の特性を有意に変えることなく水中で固化されること;
2.ユーザの誤りによる誤差の危険を有意に低減すること;
3.正確に布地を用いるのに必要な訓練及び技術のレベルが低減すること;
4.更なる液体が布地に接触する場合、例えば雨で固化される場合、固化材料の特性を変化させないこと;
を含む。
第1の表面部と;
第1の表面部から空間で分離した第2の表面部と;
第1の表面部と第2の表面部との間を延在し、間隙を介した配置で前記第1の表面部及び前記第2の表面部を維持する自耐性のある連結繊維と;
第1の表面部と第2の表面部との間の空間に配置した、圧密な粉末材料と;
を具え、この材料は液体の添加で硬質又は半硬質の固体に固化でき、第1の表面部及び第2の表面部の双方は粉末材料に対して実質的に不浸透性であるが、少なくとも一方は液体に対して浸透性であり、圧密な粉末材料における反応物の含量及び種類、ならびに前記粉末材料の容積及び圧密性は:
MV−OV=x*LV;
となる。ここで、MVは布地内部の空間の(布地の単位面積あたりの)最大容積であり、ひいてはMVは粉末材料の添加前の布地における空き空間の容積と、液体の添加中又は材料の固化中の粉末材料の膨張によって作用する圧力による、空間の任意の拡大で得られる更なる容積との双方を含み、更なる容積は連結繊維の量及び剛性を調整することによって変更できるが、一般的には、粉末材料の添加前の布地における空き空間の容積の最大15%程度、例えば約12%であり;OVは粉末材料の粒子によって占有される布地内部の空間の容積であり、この容積は粉末材料内部の空隙によって占有される(布地の単位面積あたりの)容積を含まず;LVは長期間(28日)の最大圧縮強さが生じる、固化の際の前記充填剤の配合物の(布地の単位面積あたりの)液体の容積であり、経験的に得ることができるか、あるいは反応物の製造者/配合者の推奨する反応物/配合物に対する液体の比率から得ることができ;xは0.65ないし1.1の因子である。
1.乾燥充填材は外部の力、例えば輸送中の振動を受ける場合に材料内でほどんど移動しない傾向にある。
2.湿性の充填材は、例えば液体が多孔表面部のうちの1つ又は複数の多孔表面部に噴霧又は噴射することによって添加される場合、液体が添加されると液体の移動によってほどんど移動しない傾向にある。
3.材料が処置又は折り重ねられた場合、乾燥充填材又は湿性だが固化していない充填材はほとんど移動せず、固化材料において脆弱な領域又はラインを生じうる。
4.いくつかの場合においては、高密度の反応物レベルは反応を有効に促進でき、更には低温で反応が生じうる単位領域あたりの更なる熱を発生する。
・ポリプロピレン:アルカリ条件に対して優れた化学的耐性を有するため、固化可能な材料がセメントを含む場合に用いる好適な材料である;
・コーティングされたガラス繊維:固化材料を強化できる;
・ポリエチレン;
・PVC繊維:利点は化学的又は熱的結合を用いて結合するのが比較的容易なことである;
を含む繊維の混合物を用いることができる。
・車両、歩行者、又は動物用の道路を形成するため;
・布地を躯体に適用することによってシェルターを形成するため;
・コンクリートを鋳造するための型枠を生成するため;
・トンネルを裏打ちする等のための障壁を形成するため;
・屋根等の構造を修復又は強化するため;
・床又は防湿構造を形成するため;
・川岸及び不安定な勾配等の土構造物を強化するため;
・堤防(flood defence)を提供するため;
・埋まっている配水管を含む現存するパイプを修復する、又は新しいパイプを構成するため;
・煙突用の耐火性のカバー又は裏張等のような新しい又は現存する構造の要素を耐火性にするため;
・ヘリコプター等の飛行機の着地点及び滑走路で、表面処理を形成し、粉塵災害を低減し、かつ燃料漏洩を抑制するため;
・砂袋構造を強化し、風及び紫外線劣化といった自然の力による損傷から保護するため;
・土台を裏打ちし、埋立等での化学汚染物質の浸出又は二次燃料汚染物質の作用を防ぐため;
・池等の水の格納部、管の裏張、及び水の貯蔵部又は沈降槽若しくは浄化槽のための耐水性の裏張を形成するため;
・永久的な日除け又は屋根構造を形成するため;
・排液管溝を裏打ちするため;
・建築物用の外部の耐候性の外装を提供するため;
・耐久性のある土嚢構造の一体化部分を形成するため;
・土嚢構造を修復及び/又は強化し、風及び紫外線劣化といった自然の力による損傷から保護するため;
・美術的又は装飾的な形態を形成するため;又は
・船殻とボートやポンツーンといった浮遊する船の船楼とを形成するため;
に用いることができる。
Claims (26)
- 硬質又は半硬質となるように固化可能な可撓性の布地であって、
第1の表面部と、
当該第1の表面部から空間で分離した第2の表面部と、
前記第1の表面部と前記第2の表面部との間に延在する連結繊維と、
前記第1の表面部と前記第2の表面部との間の空間に配置した粉末材料であって、液体の添加で硬質又は半硬質の固体に固化可能な粉末材料とを具え、
当該布地の2つの表面部の間の空間の容積は、2つの表面部が離される距離を制限する前記連結繊維によって限定され、前記連結繊維が、充填した材料を固化の際に補強することを特徴とする布地。 - 請求項1に記載の布地において、当該布地の2つの表面部が、前記連結繊維の配置、形状及び物理的特性によって制限されることを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項1または2に記載の布地において、前記固化可能な粉末材料がセメントを含むことを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項3に記載の布地において、前記固化可能な粉末材料が可塑剤と他の添加剤とを含有するセメント系の乾燥コンクリートの混合物を含むことを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の布地において、前記第1の表面部が、前記粉末材料を前記空間内に収容できる程度に大きい孔部を有し、前記孔部が少なくとも部分的に密封されているか、あるいは寸法が低減しており、これによって前記空間内に前記固化可能な粉末材料を保持することを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項5に記載の布地において、前記孔部が密封材、熱硬化可能な材料、又は前記第1の表面部に塗布される材料の層で少なくとも部分的に密封されることを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項6に記載の布地において、前記密封材が接着剤であることを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項1ないし7のいずれかに記載の布地において、前記第1の表面部が更なる層で裏打ちされることを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項8に記載の布地において、前記更なる層が、液体又は気体に対し不浸透性である防湿層を含むことを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項1ないし9のいずれかに記載の布地において、前記第2の表面部が、前記空間内に前記固化可能な粉末材料を保持する程度に小さいが、前記粉末材料を固化させるために前記液体を通過させることができる孔部を具えることを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項1ないし10のいずれかに記載の布地において、当該布地が固化した時点で、前記連結繊維は固化した充填材料に補強を与え、充填材料が割れた場合は、前記連結繊維が当該布地の負荷を担うことによって、当該布地は、破壊的にではなく、徐々に決壊することを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項1ないし11のいずれかに記載の布地において、前記連結繊維は、当該布地の短い繊維とともに、固化の際に材料を補強し、亀裂伝播を防ぐことを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項1ないし12のいずれかに記載の布地において、当該布地の1以上の縁部では、前記第1の表面部及び前記第2の表面部が前記連結繊維よりも短い弾性のある糸によって連結され、これによって当該布地の縁部で前記空間を少なくとも部分的に閉塞することを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項13に記載の布地において、前記第1の表面部及び/又は第2の表面部が、前記1以上の縁部において横方向に延出する縁部部分を具え、前記縁部部分が、前記弾性のある糸によって当該布地の他の部分に連結され、前記弾性のある糸が、前記延出する部分を他の表面部の方向に引き込み、これによって当該布地の縁部で前記空間を少なくとも部分的に閉塞することを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項14に記載の布地において、前記弾性のある糸が、当該布地の縁部に組み込まれることを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項15に記載の布地において、前記弾性のある糸が、当該布地の製造中に、前記自耐性のある連結繊維の一部又はすべての代わりに、当該布地の縁部に組み込まれることを特徴とする布地。
- 請求項1ないし16のいずれかに記載の可撓性の布地を生成するための方法であって、
布地を提供するステップであって、前記布地が、第1の表面部と、当該第1の表面部から空間で分離した第2の表面部と、前記第1の表面部と前記第2の表面部との間に延在する連結繊維とを有するものである、ステップと、
前記液体の添加で硬質又は半硬質の固体に固化可能な粉末材料で前記布地内部の前記空間を充填するステップとを具えることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項17に記載の方法において、前記粉末材料がセメントであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項17または18に記載の方法において、固化可能な粉末材料を前記第1の表面部に配置して、前記布地を振動し、及び/又は粉末材料を前記布地にブラッシングすることによって、前記粉末材料が添加されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項17ないし19のいずれかに記載の方法が、
前記第1の表面部の孔部を通って前記空間に前記粉末材料を充填するステップと、
前記粉末材料が充填された時点で、前記孔部の寸法を低減するか、あるいは前記孔部を閉塞するステップとを具えることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項20に記載の方法において、前記孔部を部分的にあるいは完全に密封することにより、前記孔部の寸法が低減されるか、あるいは前記孔部が閉塞されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項21に記載の方法において、密封材を前記第1の表面部に塗布すること、又は更なる層を前記第1の表面部に結合することによって、前記孔部が部分的にあるいは完全に密封されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1ないし16のいずれかに記載の布地を固化する方法であって、前記固化可能な粉末材料を固化するために液体を前記布地に添加するステップを具えることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項23に記載の方法において、液体が添加された布地は、粉末材料を完全に固化するのに最適な水量よりも低い、固化可能な粉末材料に対する水の比率を有し、亀裂によって水が、固化した材料に浸透して、固化した材料内に保持される未反応の粉末材料と反応できる場合に、未反応の粉末材料が、固化した材料に、限定した自己回復特性を与えることができることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1ないし16のいずれかに記載の布地を固化する方法であって、前記固化可能な粉末材料を固化するために前記布地を液体に浸漬するステップを具えることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1ないし16のいずれかに記載の布地または請求項17ないし25のいずれかに記載の方法によって与えられる布地の使用であって:
・グラウンドシートとカバーとを含むプレハブ式シェルターのカバーを形成するため;
・車両、歩行者、又は動物用の道路を形成するため;
・前記布地を躯体に適用することによってシェルターを形成するため
・コンクリートを鋳造するための型枠を生成するため;
・障壁を形成するため;
・トンネルを裏打ちするため;
・構造を修復又は強化するため;
・屋根を修復又は強化するため;
・床又は防湿構造を形成するため;
・土構造物を強化するため;
・川岸及び不安定な勾配を強化するため;
・堤防を提供するため;
・埋まっている配水管を含む現存するパイプを修復するため、あるいは新しいパイプを構成するため;
・新しい又は現存する構造の要素を耐火性にするため;
・煙突用の耐火性のカバー又は裏張を提供するため;
・飛行機の着地点及び滑走路で、表面処理を形成し、粉塵災害を低減し、かつ燃料漏洩を抑制するため;
・ヘリコプターの着地点及び滑走路で、表面処理を形成し、粉塵災害を低減し、かつ燃料漏洩を抑制するため;
・砂袋構造を強化し、自然の力による損傷から保護するため;
・砂袋構造を強化し、風及び紫外線劣化による損傷から保護するため;
・土台を裏打ちし、化学汚染物質の浸出を防ぐため;
・土台を裏打ちし、埋立での化学汚染物質の浸出又は二次燃料汚染物質の作用を防ぐため;
・水の格納部に耐水性の裏張を形成するため;
・池、管の裏張、及び水の貯蔵部又は沈降槽若しくは浄化槽のための耐水性の裏張を形成するため;
・永久的な日除け又は屋根構造を形成するため;
・排液管溝を裏打ちするため;
・建築物用の外部の耐候性の外装を提供するため;
・耐久性のある土嚢構造の一体化部分を形成するため;
・土嚢構造を修復及び/又は強化し、自然の力による損傷から保護するため;
・土嚢構造を修復及び/又は強化し、風及び紫外線劣化による損傷から保護するため;
・美術的又は装飾的な形態を形成するため;
・浮遊する船の船殻と船楼とを形成するため;あるいは
・ボート又はポンツーンの船殻と船楼とを形成するため;
の使用。
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