JP2013526279A - ヒト胚性幹細胞の分化 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2010年5月12日に出願された、米国特許仮出願シリアル番号61/333,831号の利益を主張するものであり、当該出願を本明細書にその全容において、かつあらゆる目的について援用するものである。
本発明は、多能性幹細胞からのインスリン産生細胞への分化を促進させるための方法を提供する。特に、本発明は、膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団であって、その集団の50%超の細胞がPDX1及びNKX6.1を共発現する、細胞集団を産生する方法に関する。
a.多能性幹細胞集団を培養する工程と、
b.多能性幹細胞集団を、胚体内胚葉系(definitive endoderm lineage)に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団へと分化させる工程と、
c.胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団をプロテインキナーゼC活性化因子を追加した培地で処理することにより、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団を膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団へと分化させる工程と、を含む。
幹細胞は、単独の細胞レベルで自己複製し分化して子孫細胞を生成するという、これらの両方の能力で定義される未分化細胞であり、子孫細胞には、自己複製前駆細胞、非再生前駆細胞、及び最終分化細胞が含まれる。幹細胞はまた、インビトロで複数の胚葉(内胚葉、中胚葉及び外胚葉)から様々な細胞系の機能的細胞へと分化する能力によって、また移植後に複数の胚葉の組織を生じさせ、胚盤胞への注入後、全てではないとしても殆どの組織を提供する能力によっても、特徴付けられる。
多能性幹細胞の特徴付け
多能性幹細胞は、ステージ特異的胚抗原(SSEA)3及び4、並びにTra−1−60及びTra−1−81と呼ばれる抗体を使用して検出可能なマーカーのうちの1つ以上を発現することができる(Thomson et al.、Science 282:1145,1998)。インビトロで多能性幹細胞を分化させると、SSEA−4、Tra−1−60、及びTra−1−81の発現が減少し(存在する場合)、SSEA−1の発現が上昇する結果になる。未分化の多能性幹細胞は、典型的には、細胞を4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定した後、製造業者(Vector Laboratories(Burlingame Calif.))によって記載されるようにVector Redを基質として現像することによって検出することができる、アルカリホスファターゼ活性を有する。未分化の多能性幹細胞はまた、RT−PCRにより検出されるように、一般にOCT4及びTERTも発現する。
使用が可能な多能性幹細胞の種類としては、妊娠期間中の任意の時期(必ずしもではないが、通常は妊娠約10〜12週よりも前)に採取した前胚性組織(例えば胚盤胞など)、胚性組織又は胎児組織などの、妊娠後に形成される組織に由来する多能性細胞の樹立株が含まれる。非限定的な例は、例えばヒト胚性幹細胞株H1、H7及びH9(WiCell)などのヒト胚性幹細胞又はヒト胚生殖細胞の樹立株である。更に、こうした細胞の初期の株化又は安定化の際に本開示の組成物を使用することも考えられるが、その場合は、供給源となる細胞は供給源の組織から直接採取される1次多能性細胞であろう。フィーダー細胞の不在下で既に培養された多能性幹細胞集団から採取した細胞も好適である。例えば、BG01v(BresaGen,Athens,GA)等の変異ヒト胚性幹細胞株も好適である。
一実施形態において、多能性幹細胞は、フィーダー細胞の層上で培養され、このフィーダー細胞は、多能性幹細胞を様々な方法で支持する。代替的に、多能性幹細胞は、本質的にフィーダー細胞が存在しないにも関わらず、実質的な分化を受けないで多能性幹細胞の増殖を支持する培養液システム中で培養される。無フィーダー培養液中での分化なしでの多能性幹細胞の増殖は、以前に他の細胞型で培養することによって馴化された培地を使用して支持される。代替的に、無フィーダー培養液中での分化なしでの多能性幹細胞の増殖は、合成培地を使用して支持される。
一実施形態では、本発明は、多能性幹細胞から、膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団を産生するための方法を提供し、この方法は、
a.多能性幹細胞集団を培養する工程と、
b.多能性幹細胞集団を、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団へと分化させる工程と、
c.胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団を、プロテインキナーゼC活性化因子を追加した培地で処理することにより、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団を膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団へと分化させる工程と、を含む。
胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞の形成は、以下の特定のプロトコルの前後に、マーカーの存在に関して試験することにより判定することができる。多能性幹細胞は、典型的にはそのようなマーカーを発現しない。したがって、多能性細胞の分化は、細胞がそれらの発現を開始した際に検出されることになる。
一実施形態では、本発明は、多能性幹細胞から、膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団を産生するための方法を提供し、この方法は、
a.多能性幹細胞集団を培養する工程と、
b.多能性幹細胞集団を、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団へと分化させる工程と、
c.胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団を、プロテインキナーゼC活性化因子を追加した培地で処理することにより、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団を、膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団へと分化させる工程と、を包む。
一実施形態において、膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団は、当技術分野における任意の方法により、膵臓内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団に更に分化される。
本発明の細胞集団の形成
ヒト胚性幹細胞株Hl細胞を、0.2%のFBS+100ng/mLのアクチビンA(PeproTech;カタログ#120−14)+20ng/mLのWNT−3a(R&D Systems;カタログ# 1324−WN/CF)を追加したRPMI培地(Invitrogen;カタログ#:22400)を有する、MATRIGEL(登録商標)(1:30希釈)(BD Biosciences;カタログ# 356231)をコーティングしたディッシュ上で1日培養した後で、0.5%のFBS+100ng/mLのアクチビンAを追加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって処理し(ステージ1)、次いで、
a.2%のFBS及び50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって処理し(ステージ2)、次いで
b.1%のB27+0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD+2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)+100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理し(ステージ3)、次いで
c.処理1:1%のB27を添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理する(ステージ4−基本培地−BM)、若しくは
d.処理2:1%のB27+100ng/mLのノギン+1μMのALK5阻害剤IIを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理する(ステージ4)、又は
e.処理3:1%のB27+100ng/mLのノギン+1μMのALK5阻害剤II+20nMのホルボール−12,13−ジブチレート(PDBu)(Calbiochem、カタログ#524390)を添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理した(ステージ4)。
重症複合免疫不全(SCID)−beige(Bg)マウスへの、本発明の細胞の移植
ヒト胚性幹細胞株H1細胞を、0.2%のFBS+100ng/mLのアクチビンA+20ng/mLのWNT−3aを添加したRPMI培地を有する、MATRIGEL(登録商標)(1:30希釈)をコーティングしたディッシュ上で1日培養し、次いで0.5%のFBS+100ng/mLのアクチビンAを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって処理し(ステージ1)、次いで
a.2%のFBS+50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって処理し(ステージ2)、次いで
b.1%のB27+0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD+2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)+100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理し(ステージ3)、次いで
c.1%のB27+100ng/mLのノギン+1μMのALK5阻害剤II+50nMのTPBを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理した(ステージ4)。
本発明の細胞集団を形成するための代替方法
ヒト胚性幹細胞株H1細胞を、0.2%のFBS+100ng/mLのアクチビンA(PeproTech;カタログ#120−14)+20ng/mLのWNT−3a(R&D Systems;カタログ# 1324−WN/CF)を添加したRPMI培地(Invitrogen;カタログ#:22400)を有する、MATRIGEL(登録商標)(1:30希釈)(BD Biosciences;カタログ# 356231)をコーティングしたディッシュ上で1日培養した後で、0.5%のFBS+100ng/mLのアクチビンAを追加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって処理し(ステージ1)、次いで、
a.2%のFBS+50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって処理し(ステージ2)、次いで
b.1%のB27+0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD+2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)+100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理し(ステージ3)、続いて又は
c.処理4:1%のB27+20nMのPDBu+100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理する(ステージ4)、又は
d.処理5:1%のB27+100ng/mLのノギン+1μMのALK5阻害剤II+20nMのPDBuを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理する(ステージ4)、又は
e.処理6:1%のB27+50ng/mLのFGF10+20nMのPDBuを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間処理する(ステージ4)。
本発明の細胞集団を形成するための代替方法
ヒト胚性幹細胞株H1細胞を、0.2%のFBS+100ng/mLのアクチビンA(PeproTech;カタログ#120−14)+20ng/mLのWNT−3a(R&D Systems;カタログ# 1324−WN/CF)を添加したRPMI培地を(Invitrogen;カタログ#:22400)有する、MATRIGEL(登録商標)(1:30希釈)(BD Biosciences;カタログ# 356231)をコーティングしたディッシュ上で1日培養した後で、0.5%のFBS+100ng/mLのアクチビンAを追加したRPMI培地で更に2日間にわたって処理し(ステージ1)、次いで、
a.2%のFBS+50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM/F12で3日間にわたって処理し(ステージ2)、次いで
b.処理7(T7):1%のB27+0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD+2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)+100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理する(ステージ3)、又は
c.処理8(T8):1%のB27+0.25μMのシクロパミン−KAAD+2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)+100ng/mLのノギン+50ng/mLのFGF7を添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理する(ステージ3)、次いで
d.処理9(T9):1%のB27+100ng/mLのノギン+1μMのALK5阻害剤II+20nMのPDBuを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理する(ステージ4)、又は
e.処理10(T10):1%のB27+50ng/mLのFGF10+20nMのPDBuを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理する(ステージ4)、又は
f.処理11(T11):1%のB27+20nMのPDBu+100ng/mLのノギンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)で4日間にわたって処理した(ステージ4)。
Claims (20)
- 膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団であって、前記集団の50%超の細胞がPDX1及びNKX6.1を共発現する、細胞集団。
- 前記集団の60%超の細胞がPDX1及びNKX6.1を共発現する、請求項1に記載の細胞集団。
- 前記集団の70%超の細胞がPDX1及びNKX6.1を共発現する、請求項1に記載の細胞集団。
- 前記集団の80%超の細胞がPDX1及びNKX6.1を共発現する、請求項1に記載の細胞集団。
- 前記集団の90%超の細胞がPDX1及びNKX6.1を共発現する、請求項1に記載の細胞集団。
- 細胞集団の50%超の細胞がPDX1及びNKX6.1を共発現する、膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する前記細胞集団を生成する方法であって、該方法は、
a.多能性幹細胞集団を培養する工程と、
b.前記多能性幹細胞集団を、胚体内胚葉系(definitive endoderm lineage)に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団へと分化させる工程と、
c.前記胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する前記細胞集団を、プロテインキナーゼC活性化因子を追加した培地の中で、前記膵臓内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現する細胞集団へと分化させる工程と、を含む方法。 - 前記プロテインキナーゼC活性化因子が、(2S,5S)−(E,E)−8−(5−(4−(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)−2,4−ペンタジエノイルアミノ)ベンゾラクタム、インドラクタムV、ホルボール−12−ミリステート−13−アセテート、及びホルボール−12,13−ジブチレートからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記プロテインキナーゼC活性化因子が、(2S,5S)−(E,E)−8−(5−(4−(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)−2,4−ペンタジエノイルアミノ)ベンゾラクタムである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記(2S,5S)−(E,E)−8−(5−(4−(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)−2,4−ペンタジエノイルアミノ)ベンゾラクタムが、約20nM〜約500nMの濃度で使用される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- プロテインキナーゼC活性化因子を追加した前記培地が、BMP阻害能を有する因子、TGFβ受容体シグナル伝達阻害剤、及び線維芽細胞増殖因子からなる群からの少なくとも1つの因子を更に追加される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- BMP阻害能を有する前記因子がノギンである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- ノギンが、約50ng/mL〜約500μg/mLの濃度で使用される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- ノギンが約100ng/mLの濃度で使用される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記TGFβ受容体シグナル伝達阻害剤がALK5阻害剤である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ALK5阻害剤がALK5阻害剤IIである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- ALK5阻害剤IIが、約0.1μM〜約10μMの濃度で使用される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ALK5阻害剤IIが約1μMの濃度で使用される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記線維芽細胞増殖因子がFGF7である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記線維芽細胞増殖因子がFGF10である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記線維芽細胞増殖因子が、約50pg/mL〜約50μg/mLの濃度で使用できる、請求項10に記載の方法。
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