JP2012053713A - Store system, sales registration device and program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce labor of a salesclerk to register the use of a direct mail in registering a commodity.SOLUTION: A code reader 101 detects a code symbol included in an image taken (S3), reads code information corresponding to the code symbol (S4), and outputs the read code information (S5). If the output code information indicates a commodity, a POS terminal 11 registers sales of the commodity based on the code information (S14), and if the output code information indicates a direct mail, the POS terminal 11 registers the use of the direct mail based on the code information (S16).

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a store system, a sales registration apparatus, and a program.

  Conventionally, in a store such as a supermarket, a code symbol such as a barcode or a two-dimensional code (for example, QR code (registered trademark)) attached to a product is imaged by a digital camera such as a CCD image sensor and detected from the captured image. A product code reading device is used that reads a product code by detecting and decoding the generated code symbol. The store clerk registers the product purchased by the customer by taking out the product stored in the shopping cart brought to the counter stand and holding it over the digital camera of the product code reader.

  By the way, as a part of sales promotion, a store may send a direct mail describing advertisements such as bargain products and service points to registered customers in advance. The customer can obtain a service point, for example, by presenting the sent direct mail at the time of product purchase. In addition, by registering whether direct mail is used at the store, it is possible to aggregate the degree of sales promotion effect expected by sending direct mail, such as how much the sent direct mail is used. .

  However, when registering the presence / absence of direct mail or the like when purchasing a product, the conventional product code reading device can only read the product code, and the store clerk has to input it manually. For example, in the case of performing detailed aggregation for each type of direct mail or each customer, it is necessary to manually input a unique ID described in the direct mail for each type of direct mail or each customer, which is inconvenient.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, an embodiment of the present invention includes a code reading device including an image capturing unit, a code reading unit, and an output unit, and a sales registration device including a sales registration unit and a direct mail use registration unit. It has a store system. The image capturing unit captures an image captured by the imaging unit. The code reading unit detects a code symbol included in the captured image and reads code information corresponding to the code symbol. The output means outputs the read code information. The sales registration means registers the sales of the product based on the code information when the output code information indicates the product. The direct mail use registration means registers the use of direct mail based on the code information when the output code information indicates direct mail.

  An embodiment of the present invention is a sales registration apparatus including a code reading unit, a sales registration unit, and a direct mail use registration unit. The code reading unit detects a code symbol included in the image captured by the imaging unit, and reads code information corresponding to the code symbol. The sales registration means registers the sales of the product based on the code information when the read code information indicates the product. When the read code information indicates direct mail, the direct mail use registration unit registers the use of direct mail based on the code information.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, a computer of a sales registration apparatus having a code reading unit that detects a code symbol included in an image captured by an imaging unit and reads code information corresponding to the code symbol is referred to as a sales registration unit. This is a program for functioning as direct mail use registration means. The sales registration means registers the sales of the product based on the code information when the read code information indicates the product. When the read code information indicates direct mail, the direct mail use registration unit registers the use of direct mail based on the code information.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a checkout system. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the POS terminal and the code reading device. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the data structure of a direct mail management file. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating one aspect of direct mail. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating one aspect of direct mail. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the CPU. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the checkout system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a reading area in the reading window. FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a reading area in the reading window.

  Hereinafter, a store system, a sales registration apparatus, and a program according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings, taking a checkout system as an example. The checkout system is a configuration having a POS terminal as a sales registration device that registers and settles a product for one transaction, and a code reading device that reads a product code attached to the product. is there. This embodiment is an application example to a checkout system introduced in a store such as a restaurant or a supermarket.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a checkout system 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the checkout system 1 includes a POS terminal 11 that performs registration and settlement of commodities related to one transaction. The POS terminal 11 is placed on the upper surface of the drawer 21 on the checkout table 51. The drawer 21 is controlled by the POS terminal 11 for the opening operation. On the upper surface of the POS terminal 11, a keyboard 22 that is pressed down by an operator (a store clerk) is arranged. A display device 23 that displays information toward the operator is provided behind the keyboard 22 when viewed from the operator who operates the keyboard 22. The display device 23 displays information on the display surface 23a. A touch panel 26 is laminated on the display surface 23a. A customer display device 24 is erected so as to be rotatable further behind the display device 23. The customer display device 24 displays information on the display surface 24a. The customer display device 24 shown in FIG. 1 has the display surface 24a facing the front side in FIG. 1, but the customer display device 24 is rotated so that the display surface 24a faces the back side in FIG. Thus, the customer display device 24 displays information to the customer.

  A horizontally long table-shaped counter table 151 is arranged so as to form an L shape with the checkout table 51 on which the POS terminal 11 is placed. A cargo receiving surface 152 is formed on the upper surface of the counter table 151. On the cargo receiving surface 152, a shopping basket 153 for storing the product A with the barcode BC is placed. The shopping basket 153 can be divided into a first shopping basket 153a brought in by a customer and a second shopping basket 153b positioned at a position sandwiching the code reader 101 from the first shopping basket 153a.

  A code reader 101 connected to the POS terminal 11 so as to be able to transmit and receive data is installed on the receiving surface 152 of the counter table 151. The code reading device 101 includes a thin rectangular housing 102. A reading window 103 is disposed in front of the housing 102. A display / operation unit 104 is attached to the upper portion of the housing 102. The display / operation unit 104 is provided with a display device 106 on which a touch panel 105 is laminated. A keyboard 107 is disposed on the right side of the display device 106. A card reading groove 108 of a card reader (not shown) is provided on the right side of the keyboard 107. A display device 109 for a customer, which is a display device provided to the customer and displays information for the customer, is installed on the back left side of the display / operation unit 104 as viewed from the operator. A customer touch panel 109 a is laminated on the display surface of the customer display device 109.

  In the first shopping basket 153a brought in by the customer, a product A for one transaction is stored. A barcode BC in which a product code (code information) related to the product A is encoded is attached to the product A. The product A is moved to the second shopping basket 153b by the operator's hand. In this moving process, the barcode BC is directed to the reading window 103 of the code reading device 101. At this time, the imaging unit 164 (see FIG. 2) arranged on the back side of the reading window 103 images the barcode BC. The code reader 101 reads the product code corresponding to the product A by detecting and decoding (decoding) the barcode BC attached to the product A included in the image captured by the imaging unit 164. Next, the code reading device 101 outputs the read product code to the POS terminal 11.

  The product code described as the barcode BC is a code assigned to each product in order to specify the product A, and is a JAN code that is a 13-digit number as an example. In the present embodiment, the barcode BC is described as an example of the code symbol, but it goes without saying that the code symbol may be a two-dimensional code such as a QR code (registered trademark).

  Further, when reading the barcode BC attached to the product A and registering the sales of the product A, a direct mail (details will be described later) may be presented by the customer. In this case, the presented direct mail is directed to the reading window 103 in the same manner as the movement process described above. At this time, the imaging unit 164 arranged on the back side of the reading window 103 images the code symbol attached to the direct mail. The code reader 101 reads code information attached to the direct mail by detecting and decoding a code symbol included in the image captured by the imaging unit 164. Next, the code reading device 101 outputs the read code information to the POS terminal 11.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the POS terminal 11 and the code reading device 101. The POS terminal 11 includes a microcomputer 60 as an information processing unit that executes information processing. The microcomputer 60 is configured by connecting a ROM 62 (Read Only Memory) and a RAM 63 (Random Access Memory) to a CPU 61 (Central Processing Unit) that executes various arithmetic processes and controls each unit.

  The drawer 61, the keyboard 22, the display device 23, the touch panel 26, and the customer display device 24 are all connected to the CPU 61 of the POS terminal 11 through various input / output circuits (all not shown). . These are controlled by the CPU 61.

  The keyboard 22 includes a numeric key 22d, a temporary fastening key 22e, and a fastening key 22f on which numbers such as “1”, “2”, “3”,... The keyboard 22 outputs an operation input by the operator to the CPU 61 using the numeric keypad 22d, the temporary fastening key 22e, and the fastening key 22f. The keyboard 22 is an operation means that receives an operation from an operator.

  An HDD 64 (Hard Disk Drive) is connected to the CPU 61 of the POS terminal 11. The HDD 64 stores programs and various files. All or a part of the programs and various files stored in the HDD 64 are copied to the RAM 63 and sequentially executed by the CPU 61 when the POS terminal 11 is activated. An example of a program stored in the HDD 64 is a product sales data processing program PR. Examples of files stored in the HDD 64 are a PLU file F1 and a direct mail management file F2 distributed and stored from the store computer SC.

  The PLU file F1 is a file that stores information related to products such as the name, unit price, and product classification of each product code uniquely assigned to each product. That is, the PLU file F1 stores information such as the name, unit price, and product classification of the product corresponding to the product code as related information related to the product code. In the POS terminal 11, by referring to the information stored in the PLU file F1 with the product code read by the code reading device 101, the sales of the product corresponding to the read product code can be registered.

  The direct mail management file F2 is a file for managing information related to direct mail issued by the store. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the data configuration of the direct mail management file F2. As shown in FIG. 3, the direct mail management file F2 has a data configuration having a customer ID, a period, contents, and a usage flag for each issue ID that is unique identification information for each direct mail issued by the store. The customer ID is identification information unique to each customer for identifying the customer to whom the direct mail is issued. When direct mail with the same issue ID is sent to a plurality of customers, the customer ID describes the IDs for a plurality of customers that are destinations. The period indicates a period in which the issued direct mail is valid, such as a period in which the service described in the direct mail is applied. The contents indicate the contents of the issued direct mail. The usage flag records whether or not the issued direct mail is used and the number of times it is used.

  Specifically, when the direct mail is presented by the customer and the use is registered by reading the imaging unit 164 described above, the use flag specified by the direct mail is changed from “×” to “◯”. When registering the use of direct mail, the number of uses recorded in the use flag is counted up each time the use is repeated (in the example shown, “×” → “O” → “2” → “3”). "→ ...) In this case, the number of uses of direct mail specified by the issue ID can be totaled. In addition, the use flag is provided for each ID of a plurality of customers that are destinations when a direct mail with the same issue ID is sent to a plurality of customers. Thereby, even when the same direct mail is sent to a plurality of customers, it can be confirmed whether or not the customer specified by the customer ID has used the direct mail.

  Here, the direct mail issued by the store will be described. 4 and 5 are conceptual views illustrating one aspect of the direct mail D. FIG. Specifically, FIG. 4 shows the reverse side of the direct mail D in which advertisements such as the contents of the service carried out by the store are described, and FIG. 5 shows the direct address in which the address and name of the customer as the shipping destination are described. This is the surface of the mail D. As shown in FIG. 4, the direct mail D is accompanied by a barcode BC1 including a unique issuance ID for each direct mail D in addition to the contents of the service provided by the store and the validity period of the service. Is done. When the direct mail D is presented by the customer, the issue ID included in the barcode BC1 is acquired by reading the barcode BC1. As shown in FIG. 5, the direct mail D is attached with a barcode BC2 including a customer ID which is unique identification information for each customer, in addition to the address and name of the customer as the shipping address. When the direct mail D is presented by the customer, the customer ID included in the barcode BC2 is acquired by reading the barcode BC2.

  A communication interface 25 for performing data communication with the store computer SC is connected to the CPU 61 of the POS terminal 11 via an input / output circuit (not shown). The store computer SC is installed in a store backyard or the like. The HDD (not shown) of the store computer SC stores a PLU file F1 and a direct mail management file F2 distributed to the POS terminal 11. Further, the store computer SC acquires the direct mail management file F2 stored in the HDD 64 of the POS terminal 11 via the communication interface 25, and compares it with the direct mail management file F2 stored in its own HDD. Updates newly recorded in the direct mail management file F2 by reading the direct mail D presented by the customer at the terminal 11 can be tabulated. Further, the store computer SC can totalize the usage status of the direct mail D in the entire store by performing the total for the update for all the POS terminals 11 installed in the store.

  The CPU 61 of the POS terminal 11 is connected to a connection interface 65 that enables data transmission / reception with the code reader 101. Therefore, the connection interface 65 is connected to the code reading device 101. The CPU 61 of the POS terminal 11 is connected to a printer 66 that prints on receipts and the like. Under the control of the CPU 61, the POS terminal 11 prints the transaction content (payment amount and assigned points) of one transaction on a receipt.

  The code reading device 101 also includes a microcomputer 160. The microcomputer 160 is configured by connecting a ROM 162 and a RAM 163 to a CPU 161 via a bus. The ROM 162 stores a program executed by the CPU 161. The CPU 161 is connected to an imaging unit 164 and an audio output unit 165 via various input / output circuits (none of which are shown). The operations of the imaging unit 164 and the audio output unit 165 are controlled by the CPU 161. The display / operation unit 104 is connected to the POS terminal 11 via the connection interface 176. The operation of the display / operation unit 104 is controlled by the CPU 61 of the POS terminal 11.

  The imaging unit 164 is a CCD image sensor, a COMS image sensor, or the like, and performs imaging from the reading window 103 under the control of the CPU 161. For example, the imaging unit 164 captures a 30 fps moving image. Frame images sequentially captured by the imaging unit 164 at a predetermined frame rate are stored in the RAM 163. The audio output unit 165 is an audio circuit and a speaker for generating a preset warning sound or the like. The sound output unit 165 performs notification by sound such as a warning sound under the control of the CPU 161.

  Furthermore, a connection interface 175 that connects to the connection interface 65 of the POS terminal 11 and enables data transmission / reception with the POS terminal 11 is connected to the CPU 161. Under the control of the CPU 161, the product code, issue ID, and customer ID read from the image captured by the image capturing unit 164 of the code reader 101 are output via the connection interface 175, and the POS terminal via the connection interface 65. 11 is input.

  Next, functional units of the CPU 161 and the CPU 61 that are realized by the CPU 161 and the CPU 61 sequentially executing programs will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the functional configuration of the CPU 161 and the CPU 61. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the CPU 161 has functions as a captured image capturing unit 1611, a barcode reading unit 1612, and an information output unit 1613 by sequentially executing programs. Similarly, the CPU 61 has functions as a sales registration unit 611 and a direct mail recording unit 612.

  The captured image capturing unit 1611 outputs an imaging on signal to the imaging unit 164 and causes the imaging unit 164 to start an imaging operation. The captured image capturing unit 1611 sequentially captures frame images captured by the imaging unit 164 and stored in the RAM 163 after the start of the imaging operation. Captured frame images by the captured image capturing unit 1611 are performed in the order stored in the RAM 163.

  The barcode reading unit 1612 detects a code symbol included in the frame image captured by the captured image capturing unit 1611 and reads code information such as a product code, an issue ID, and a customer ID corresponding to the code symbol. Specifically, barcode detection by a pattern matching technique is performed from an image obtained by binarizing the captured frame image, and a two-dimensional code is detected from a predetermined finder pattern. Next, the barcode reading unit 1612 reads the code information corresponding to the detected barcode by converting the detected barcode or two-dimensional code into code information (for example, JAN code) according to a predetermined rule. The information output unit 1613 outputs the code information read by the barcode reading unit 1612 to the POS terminal 11 via the connection interface 175.

  When the code information output from the code reading device 101 is a product code indicating a predetermined product A, the sales registration unit 611 refers to the PLU file F1 based on the product code, so that the barcode reading unit The product A read in 1612 is identified, and the sales of the identified product A are registered. This sales registration is performed by recording information such as a product code, quantity, date and time in a sales master file (not shown).

  When the code information output from the code reader 101 is an issuance ID and customer ID obtained by reading the direct mail D, the direct mail recording unit 612 creates a direct mail management file F2 based on the issuance ID and customer ID. By referring, the issued direct mail D and the customer to whom the direct mail D is sent are specified. Next, the direct mail recording unit 612 records the use of the direct mail D in the specified direct mail D and the usage flag for the customer as the destination. As described above, by recording the use of the direct mail D specified by the issuance ID and the customer ID, detailed tabulation can be performed for each issued direct mail D or for each customer.

  In addition, in the sales registration unit 611 and the direct mail recording unit 612, the product code, issue ID, and customer ID are classified as one method in which format the code information output from the code reading device 101 is. It may be performed by determining. For example, if the code information belongs to a JAN code standardized with 13-digit numbers, it may be a product code, and if not, it may be an issue ID and a customer ID. Conversely, the format of the issue ID and customer ID described in the direct mail D is determined in advance, and the code information output from the code reader 101 corresponds to the format determined as the format of the issue ID and customer ID. It may be determined. As another method, referring to the PLU file F1 with the code information output from the code reader 101, a product code may be used if applicable, and an issue ID or customer ID may be used if not applicable.

  Next, the operation of the checkout system 1 will be described in detail. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the checkout system 1 according to the present embodiment.

  First, the operation on the code reading apparatus 101 side will be described. As illustrated in FIG. 7, when processing is started in response to the start of product registration by the POS terminal 11, the captured image capturing unit 1611 outputs an imaging on signal to the imaging unit 164 and performs imaging by the imaging unit 164. Is started (S1). Next, the captured image capturing unit 1611 captures a frame image (captured image) captured by the image capturing unit 164 and stored in the RAM 163 (S2).

  Next, the barcode reading unit 1612 detects a barcode included in the frame image captured by the captured image capturing unit 1611 (S3), and codes such as a product code, an issue ID, and a customer ID corresponding to the barcode. Information is read (S4).

  8 and 9 are conceptual diagrams illustrating examples of the reading region R in the reading window 103. FIG. Specifically, FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the reading area R when reading the product A, and FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the reading area R when reading the direct mail D. As shown in FIG. 8, when the product A is reflected in the reading region R in the process of moving the product A described above, the product code corresponding to the barcode BC attached to the product A is read in S4. . As shown in FIG. 9, when the direct mail D is reflected in the reading area R, the issuance ID corresponding to the barcode BC1 attached to the direct mail D is read in S4.

  Next, the information output unit 1613 outputs code information such as the product code, issue ID, and customer ID read by the barcode reading unit 1612 to the POS terminal 11 via the connection interface 175 (S5). Next, the CPU 161 receives a notification from the POS terminal 11 that has received the output code information, and reads the barcode by the barcode reading unit 1612 by outputting a notification sound by the voice output unit 165 or by displaying the screen by the display device 106. The store clerk is notified (S6).

  Next, the CPU 161 determines the presence / absence of business end from the POS terminal 11 by a product registration end notification or the like (S7). When the business is continued (S7: NO), the CPU 161 returns the process to S2 and continues the process. When the work is to be ended (S7: YES), the captured image capturing unit 1611 outputs an imaging off signal to the imaging unit 164, ends the imaging by the imaging unit 164 (S8), and ends the process.

  Next, the operation on the POS terminal 11 side will be described. As shown in FIG. 7, when the process is started in response to the start of product registration in response to an operation instruction on the keyboard 22, the CPU 61 reads the product code, issue ID, customer ID, etc. read and output by the code reader 101. Is received via the connection interface 65 (S11), and the reception is notified to the code reader 101 (S12).

  Next, the CPU 61 determines whether or not the received code information is a product code indicating the predetermined product A based on the above-described case classification (S13). When the product code indicates the predetermined product A (S13: YES), the sales registration unit 611 registers the sales of the product A based on the product code (S14), and proceeds to S15. If the product code does not indicate the predetermined product A (S13: NO), the process proceeds directly to S15.

  In S15, the CPU 61 determines whether the received code information is an issued ID or a customer ID by reading the direct mail D according to the above-described case classification. If the issuance ID and customer ID (S15: YES), the direct mail recording unit 612 records the use of the direct mail D in the use flag of the direct mail management file F2 based on the issuance ID and customer ID ( The process proceeds to S16) and S17. If it is not the issue ID or customer ID (S15: NO), the process proceeds directly to S17.

  In S <b> 17, the CPU 61 determines whether or not there is an end of business due to the end of product registration by an operation instruction of the keyboard 22. When the business is continued (S17: NO), the CPU 61 returns the process to S11 and continues the process. When the business is to be ended (S17: YES), the CPU 61 ends the process.

  As described above, in the checkout system 1, the code reader 101 detects the code symbol included in the image captured by the imaging unit 164, reads the code information corresponding to the code symbol, and reads the read code information into the POS. Output to the terminal 11. When the output code information indicates a product, the POS terminal 11 registers the sales of the product based on the code information, and when the output code information indicates a direct mail, the POS terminal 11 directly outputs the product based on the code information. Register to use email. Therefore, when the customer presents the direct mail D at the time of product registration, the checkout system 1 can register the use of the direct mail D simply by holding the presented direct mail D over the reading area R of the imaging unit 164. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the labor of the store clerk when registering the use of the direct mail D.

  A program executed by the POS terminal 11 and the code reading device 101 of the present embodiment is provided by being incorporated in advance in a ROM or the like. The programs executed by the POS terminal 11 and the code reading device 101 of the present embodiment are files in an installable format or an executable format, and are CD-ROM, flexible disk (FD), CD-R, DVD (Digital Versatile Disk). ) Or the like may be recorded and provided on a computer-readable recording medium.

  Furthermore, the program executed by the POS terminal 11 and the code reading device 101 according to the present embodiment may be provided by being stored on a computer connected to a network such as the Internet and downloaded via the network. good. In addition, the program executed by the POS terminal 11 and the code reading device 101 according to the present embodiment may be provided or distributed via a network such as the Internet.

  The programs executed by the POS terminal 11 and the code reading device 101 according to the present embodiment include the above-described units (sales registration unit 611, direct mail recording unit 612, captured image capturing unit 1611, barcode reading unit 1612, information output unit). 1613), and the actual hardware is such that the CPU (processor) reads the program from the ROM and executes it to load the respective units onto the main storage device, and the sales registration unit 611, direct A mail recording unit 612, a captured image capturing unit 1611, a barcode reading unit 1612, and an information output unit 1613 are generated on the main storage device.

1 Checkout system 11 POS terminal 22 Keyboard 61 CPU
64 HDD
101 Code Reader 103 Reading Window 104 Display / Operation Unit 161 CPU
164 Imaging unit 1611 Captured image capturing unit 1612 Bar code reading unit 1613 Information output unit 611 Sales registration unit 612 Direct mail recording unit BC, BC1, BC2 Bar code A Product D Direct mail PR Program SC Store computer F1 PLU file F2 Direct mail Management file R reading area

JP 2008-33640 A

Claims (6)

Image capturing means for capturing an image captured by the image capturing means;
Code reading means for detecting a code symbol included in the captured image and reading code information corresponding to the code symbol;
A code reader comprising output means for outputting the read code information;
Sales registration means for registering sales of the product based on the code information when the output code information indicates the product,
A sales registration device comprising direct mail use registration means for registering the use of the direct mail based on the code information when the output code information indicates direct mail;
The store system characterized by having. The direct mail is attached with a code symbol corresponding to unique direct mail identification information for each direct mail,
The direct mail use registration means, when the output code information is the direct mail identification information, registering the use of the direct mail specified by the direct mail identification information;
The store system according to claim 1. The direct mail usage registration means counts up the number of times of use of the direct mail specified by the direct mail identification information;
The store system according to claim 2. The direct mail is attached with a code symbol corresponding to customer identification information unique to each customer to whom the direct mail is sent,
The direct mail use registration means registers that the customer specified by the customer identification information uses the direct mail when the output code information is the customer identification information;
The store system according to claim 1. Code reading means for detecting a code symbol included in an image picked up by the image pickup means and reading code information corresponding to the code symbol;
Sales registration means for registering sales of the product based on the code information when the read code information indicates the product;
Direct mail usage registration means for registering the use of the direct mail based on the code information when the read code information indicates direct mail;
A sales registration device comprising: A computer of a sales registration device having a code reading unit that detects a code symbol included in an image captured by the imaging unit and reads code information corresponding to the code symbol,
Sales registration means for registering sales of the product based on the code information when the read code information indicates the product;
Direct mail usage registration means for registering the use of the direct mail based on the code information when the read code information indicates direct mail;
Program to function as.

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