JP2008258133A - リチウム2次電池用正極及び、これを含むリチウム2次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム2次電池用正極及び、これを含むリチウム2次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008258133A JP2008258133A JP2007196179A JP2007196179A JP2008258133A JP 2008258133 A JP2008258133 A JP 2008258133A JP 2007196179 A JP2007196179 A JP 2007196179A JP 2007196179 A JP2007196179 A JP 2007196179A JP 2008258133 A JP2008258133 A JP 2008258133A
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- lithium
- positive electrode
- group
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002335 surface treatment layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 LiCF 3 SO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Ti](O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 24
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
【解決手段】リチウム2次電池用正極30及び、これを含むリチウム2次電池100に関するものであって、前記リチウム2次電池用正極は、集電体と、その集電体上に形成され、下記化学式1の化合物をコアとし、その表面に形成された表面処理層を含む正極活物質からなる。前記表面処理層は第1元素のPを含み、さらにAl、Mg、Zr、Ti、Ba、B、Si、Feからなる群から選択される第2元素を含む酸化物からなる。 [化1] LiaCo1−bMbO2 (前記化学式1において、0.95≦a≦1.1、0.002≦b≦0.02であり、Mは結晶構造を安定化させる第3の元素である)。
【選択図】図1
Description
LiaCo1−bMbO2
(前記化学式1で、0.95≦a≦1.1であり、0.002≦b≦0.02であり、MはMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される第3元素である)。
LiaCo1−bMbO2
前記化学式2で、0.95≦a≦1.1であり、0.002≦b≦0.02であり、より好ましくは0.96≦a≦1.09、0.003≦b≦_0.019であり、MはMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される第3元素であり、最も好ましくはMgである。
Co3O4粉末、Li2CO3粉末及びMg(OH)2粉末を0.998:1:0.002のモル比で固状で混合して混合物を製造した。前記混合物を110℃で4時間乾燥させた後、再び800℃で10時間熱処理して平均粒径15μmのLiCo0.998Mg0.002O2正極活物質コアを製造した。
Co3O4粉末、Li2CO3粉末及びMg(OH)2粉末を表1及び表2に示したLi、Co、Mgのモル比に変更したことを除いては、実施例1 に実施して18650円筒形電池を製造した。
Co3O4粉末、Li2CO3粉末及びMg(OH)2粉末を表2に示したLi、Co、Mgのモル比に変更して正極活物質コアを製造し、P含有塩である(NH4)2HPO4とAl含有塩であるAl(NO3)3.9H2Oを1:1のモル比で100mlの水で混合して製造したコーティング液でコーティング処理したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に実施して18650円筒形電池を製造した。
LiCoO2、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)及びカーボン(Super-P)を94/3/3の質量比でN-メチル-2-ピロリドンに分散させて正極活物質層形成用組成物を製造した。このスラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔にコーティングした後、乾燥及び圧延して正極を製造した。
Co3O4粉末、Li2CO3粉末及びMg(OH)2粉末を表1に示したLi、Co、Mgのモル比に変更して正極活物質を製造した。この正極活物質を利用したことを除いては、比較例1と同様に実施して18650円筒形電池を製造した。
LiCoO2をP含有塩である(NH4)2HPO4とMg含有塩であるMg(NO3)2.9H2Oを1:1.5の質量比で100mlの水で混合して製造したコーティング液でコーティング処理したことを除いては、比較例1と同様に実施して18650円筒形電池を製造した。
Co3O4粉末、Li2CO3粉末及びMg(OH)2を0.99:1:0.01のモル比で混合してLiCo0.99Mg0.01O2正極活物質コアを製造した。
P含有塩である(NH4)2HPO4とAl含有塩であるAl(NO3)3.9H2Oを表4及び表5に示したPとAlのモル比に変更して100mlの水で混合してコーティング液を製造した。前記コーティング液を利用したことを除いては、実施例21〜40と同様に実施して18650円筒形電池を製造した。
P含有塩である(NH4)2HPO4とMg含有塩であるMg(NO3)2.9H2Oを、表3に示したPとMgのモル比に変更して100mlの水で混合してコーティング液を製造した。前記コーティング液を利用したことを除いては、比較例12と同様に実施して18650円筒形電池を製造した。
前記表1に示されているように、正極活物質をドーピング処理及びコーティング処理していない比較例1のリチウム2次電池は貫通試験結果4.35V及び4.5Vで発火した。また、ドーピング処理のみ実施した比較例2、3及び4のリチウム2次電池は貫通試験結果4.35V及び4.5Vで発火し、比較例5乃至11のリチウム2次電池はドーピング量が順次に増加することによって4.35V及び4.5Vで発火せず、寿命特性が顕著に低く現れた。これはドーピング量が過剰に多くなると、容量低下が発生するためである。表6はドーピング量が2.5モル%である場合に電池容量が顕著に低下することを示している。
前記表1乃至5に示されたように、正極活物質のCoに対するPの含量が一定である時、ドーピング元素の濃度が0.2%以下である実施例1及び実施例11の場合には、4.3V及び4.5Vの高電圧での貫通実験結果、熱的安定性向上効果が低くて発火が発生した。しかし、ドーピング元素の濃度が0.4%以上である実施例2乃至10及び実施例12乃至60の場合には、4.35V及び4.5Vの高電圧での熱的安定性が高く向上したことが確認できた。
前記表3、4及び表5に示されたように、ドーピング元素の含量が同一なLiCo0.99Mg0.01O2にCoに対するPの含量を異ならせて表面処理する場合、大体的にコーティング濃度に比例して4.2V、4.3V及び4.5Vの300回常温での寿命特性が増加し、特にCoに対するPの含量が0.997乃至3.418質量%の範囲である実施例31乃至実施例37では4.2V、4.35V及び4.5Vの300回常温での寿命特性が優れていた。
40 負極
50 セパレータ
60 電池容器
70 封入部材
100 リチウム2次電池
Claims (16)
- 集電体と、
前記集電体に形成され、下記の化学式1の化合物コア及び、このコアに形成された表面処理層を含む正極活物質を有する正極活物質層を含み、
前記表面処理層は第1元素であるP及び、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Ti、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される第2元素を含む化合物を含むことを特徴とするリチウム2次電池用正極。
[化1]
LiaCo1−bMbO2
(前記化学式1で、0.95≦a≦1.1であり、0.002<b≦0.02であり、MはMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される第3元素である)。 - 前記表面処理層に含まれる第1元素の含量は、前記化学式1の化合物に含まれたCoの質量に対して0.001乃至6質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極。
- 前記表面処理層に含まれる第1元素の含量は、前記化学式1の化合物に含まれたCoの質量に対して0.005乃至4.883質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極。
- 前記表面処理層は第1元素であるP及び、Al、Mg、Zr、Ti、Ba、B、Si、Fe及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される第2元素を含む酸化物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極。
- 正極と、
リチウムイオンを挿入及び脱離することができる負極活物質を含む負極と、
非水性有機溶媒とリチウム塩を含む電解質を含み、
前記正極は集電体と、
前記集電体に形成され、下記の化学式2の化合物コア及び、このコアに形成された表面処理層を有する正極活物質を含む正極活物質層を含み、
前記表面処理層は第1元素であるP、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Ti、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される第2元素を含む化合物を含み、
4.2乃至4.5Vの充電カット-オフ電圧を有することを特徴とするリチウム2次電池。
[化2]
LiaCo1−bMbO2
(前記化学式2で、0.95≦a≦1.1であり、0.002<b≦0.02であり、MはMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される第3元素である)。 - 前記リチウム塩はLiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4、LiN(CpF2p+1SO2)(CqF2q+1SO2)(ここで、p及びqは自然数である)、LiSO3CF3、LiCl、LiI、LiB(C2O4)2及び、これらの混合物からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウム塩は0.1乃至2.0Mの濃度で含まれることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記負極活物質はリチウム金属、リチウムと合金化が可能な金属、リチウムと反応してリチウム含有化合物を形成することができる物質及び、リチウムが可逆的に挿入及び脱離できる物質からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウムと合金化が可能な金属は、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Fr、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Al、Sn及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるものであることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の請求項リチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有化合物を形成することができる物質は酸化スズ、硝酸チタニウム、シリコン酸化物、シリコン及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるものであることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウムと可逆的に挿入及び脱離できる物質は炭素系物質であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記炭素系物質は非晶質炭素または結晶質炭素であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記非水性有機溶媒は、カーボネート系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、アルコール系溶媒、非陽子性溶媒及び、これらの混合物からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記表面処理層に含まれる第1元素の含量は、前記化学式2の化合物に含まれたCoの質量に対して0.001乃至6質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記表面処理層に含まれる第1元素の含量は、前記化学式2の化合物に含まれたCoの質量に対して0.005乃至4.883質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記表面処理層は第1元素であるP及び、Al、Mg、Zr、Ti、Ba、B、Si、Fe及び、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される第2元素を含む酸化物を含むものであることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載のリチウム2次電池。
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Also Published As
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JP5124196B2 (ja) | 2013-01-23 |
KR101330616B1 (ko) | 2013-11-18 |
CN101281964A (zh) | 2008-10-08 |
EP1981103B1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
EP1981103A1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
KR20080090157A (ko) | 2008-10-08 |
US20080248400A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
US8268486B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
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