JP2007513319A - Chemical heat pump operating according to hybrid principle related applications - Google Patents

Abstract

  The chemical heat pump facility is provided with two similar main units, each containing a reactor and one condenser / evaporator integrated into the same vessel (100). One main unit is stored with heat while the other unit is cooling, for example. When the unit that has stored heat is cooled and the unit that has generated cooling is heated, a large amount of energy is consumed in the switching operation. In order to reduce these amounts of energy, each reactor and condenser / evaporator is further divided into two vessels. The condenser / evaporator has one part (3) in which the heat exchanger (3.3) is arranged and one collecting part (4) in which the volatile liquid in condensed form is stored Have In the same way, the reactor collects the heat exchanger (1.3) and the part (1) where the filter (1.2) is located, and the solution in which the active substance is stored in a volatile liquid. Having part (2). Due to this division, only a small part of the flowing material needs to change its temperature in the switching operation, so that the switching operation can be performed much more rapidly. A large cooling efficiency gain can be obtained with equipment having two main units. Further, no valve is necessary on the vacuum side.

Description

(Related application)
The present application is filed with Swedish Patent Application No. 1 filed on Dec. 8, 2003. Claims 0303304-0 priority and interest, the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.

(Technical field)
The present invention relates to a sprayer or distributor for chemical heat pumps and heat exchangers operating according to the hybrid principle, in particular to a spraying mechanism for spraying liquid onto a heat exchanger with a chemical heat pump (chemical heat pump).

  The chemical heat pump operates according to a special process, referred to herein as the hybrid principle, hybrid method, or hybrid process, and is described in International Publication No. WO 00/37864.

  In previously known heat pumps, all energy is stored in the main unit. This main unit always operates in equilibrium and is therefore always hot. Cooling or heat removal for the home AC system takes place in so-called subordinate units that operate completely independently of the main unit. As long as energy is stored in the main unit, water and the materials contained in it can be transferred to subordinate units, where heat or cold can be generated at any time, day or night, if necessary. it can. The heat for nighttime hot water is obviously always taken directly from the hot main unit.

  In order to communicate between the main unit and the subordinate units, the machine is required to operate at least three valves. However, valves in equipment using media that can be crystallized to a solid state may exhibit unstable operation and generally present a risk of leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the number of valves.

  In general, conventional mechanical devices include a first vessel, called an accumulator or reactor, containing a material that can exothermically adsorb solvates and desorb endothermically. The first container is connected through a pipe conduit to another container called a condenser / evaporator. The second container includes a condenser for condensing the gaseous solvate into a liquid solvate while endothermically desorbing the substance in the first container, and the solvate in the substance in the first container. Serves as an evaporator to convert the liquid solvate into a gaseous solvate. The material in the first container is in direct contact with the first heat exchanger therein, which is then heated from the ambient atmosphere by the flow of liquid, or the ambient atmosphere. Heat can be supplied. The liquid in the condenser / evaporator is in direct contact with the second heat exchanger therein in the same manner, each supplying a heat from its surrounding atmosphere to the heat exchanger, Alternatively, heat can be extracted from the heat exchanger to the surrounding atmosphere. In order to be able to operate the heat pump according to the hybrid principle, the first heat exchanger together with the material in the solid state is placed in a fine mesh net or filter in the first container. Put in. The solution forming the liquid state substance is present in the lower part of the first container and is collected in the free space directly below the first heat exchanger. From this space, the solution can be sprayed onto the first heat exchanger by a conduit and a pump.

(Summary of Invention)
One object of the present invention is to provide a chemical heat pump operating according to the hybrid principle with a reduced number of internal valves.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide equipment with great efficiency with equipment including chemical heat pumps operating according to the hybrid principle.

  Chemical heat pumps operating according to the hybrid principle generally include a reactor part, in which, during the loading stage, the dissolved active substance moves to the solid state and remains in the reactor part, At that time, the volatile liquid is desorbed and vaporized at the same time or afterwards, and in the unloading stage, the active substance that has been in a solid state absorbs the vapor of the volatile liquid and moves to a dissolved state. . Furthermore, the chemical heat pump includes a condenser / evaporator part in which, during the heat storage stage, the volatile liquid vapor is received from the reactor part and condensed into a liquid state within the condenser / evaporator part. In the heat release stage, at least a part of the volatile liquid is vaporized, and the formed vapor moves to the reactor part.

  Furthermore, chemical heat pumps or thermodynamic mechanical devices are generally provided that do not have a valve on the vacuum side. This principle uses two similar main units. Each main unit consists of a reactor and a condenser / evaporator integrated in the same vessel. One of the main units can store heat, while the other main unit can generate cold air, for example. One drawback of this principle is the large amount of energy required for process folding or direction change. The unit that was storing heat must be cooled, and the unit that was generating cold air must be heated. Therefore, such a folding operation requires a long time, and the energy transferred during the cooling process is a major loss in the system. When tested, it has proven to take about 30-50 minutes. During this time, the machine is not active and the house / apartment cannot be cooled.

  Therefore, to improve this situation, each of the reactor and the condenser / evaporator can be divided into two further containers. The condenser / evaporator has a portion in which a heat exchanger is disposed and a collecting portion containing a volatile liquid in a condensed state, ie normally water. The reactor has a part in which a heat exchanger and a filter are arranged and a collection part in which a solution in which the active substance is in a volatile liquid is stored.

  Due to this division, only a small part of the material flow needs to change its temperature during the folding operation. Thus, the folding operation is performed much more rapidly and is completed in less than 10 minutes according to tests. Using the two main units, one of the main units will completely dissipate heat and the other main unit will not store heat in principle. Can be obtained in practical applications.

  Thus, in general, an active substance, usually a suitable metal salt, and a volatile liquid, usually water, which can be absorbed and desorbed at each temperature by the active substance, are used between these temperatures. Has a substantially constant temperature difference, and as a result, between these temperatures, the active substance gradually transitions from a dissolved state in a volatile liquid to a solid state, i.e., a normal crystalline state. A chemical heat pump is provided that operates as the volatile liquid is desorbed. In particular, volatile liquids are absorbed by the active substance at the first temperature and desorbed from the substance at the second higher temperature, so that at the first temperature the active substance is in the solid state and is active from that state. Upon absorption of the volatile liquid and its vapor phase, the substance immediately transitions partially into a liquid or solution state and at a second temperature enters a liquid or solution state from which the active substance becomes a volatile liquid. When it disappears from it, especially when its gas phase disappears, it immediately partially transitions to the solid state.

  Further, the chemical heat pump includes a reactor portion having a first heat exchanger disposed therein. The active material always stays in the reactor material, where it transitions between a solid state and a state dissolved in a volatile liquid. Furthermore, a condenser / evaporator part is provided in which a second heat exchanger is arranged. In the condenser / evaporator part, there is always only volatile liquid, but it is present in various amounts, in which it can vaporize and condense. A passage or path for vapor / gas only extends between the reactor part and the condenser / evaporator part and connects them. A distributor or nebulizer can be provided in the reactor section to bring the active material into a liquid state, i.e. dissolved, and transferred while in contact with the first heat exchanger and the solid material. In the same manner, a distributor or nebulizer can be provided in the condenser / evaporator section to transfer the volatile liquid in liquid form in contact with the second heat exchanger.

Therefore, in the reactor part,
-In the heat storage stage, the active substance in the dissolved state moves to the solid state and stays in the reactor part, at which time the volatile liquid is desorbed and vaporized at the same time or afterwards;-In the heat release stage, The active substance in the solid state absorbs the vapor of the volatile liquid and moves to a dissolved state,
In the condenser / evaporator section,
-In the heat storage stage, it receives the vapor of volatile liquid from the reactor part, condenses to the liquid state, stays in the condenser / evaporator part,
-In the heat release phase, at least a part of the volatile liquid is vaporized and the vapor formed is transferred to the reactor part.

  The reactor part absorbs / desorbs the volatile liquid to the active substance in two separate containers, and contains or stores the active substance when the active substance is in an undissolved solid state after desorption. Advantageously, it is divided into a reaction vessel and a collection vessel for the reaction vessel for collecting and storing the active substance when it is dissolved in the volatile liquid. Thereby, achieving that the temperature of the substance in or remaining in the collection vessel for the reaction does not depend on the temperature for desorbing the volatile liquid and vaporizing it in the reaction vessel. Can do.

  Similarly, the condenser / evaporator part is divided into two separate containers, namely a condenser / evaporator container for evaporating and condensing a certain amount of volatile liquid that resides in the condenser / evaporator part. Advantageously, the volatile liquid in liquid / condensed state can be collected during the heat release phase of the chemical heat pump and divided into a collection container for storing the volatile liquid during the heat storage phase of the chemical heat pump. Thereby, it can be achieved that the temperature of the material staying in or in the collecting vessel for the condenser / evaporator part is independent of the temperature of vaporization / condensation in the condenser / evaporator vessel. it can.

  Furthermore, the collection vessel for the reactor is advantageously located at a level below the reaction vessel, and in the same way, the collection vessel for the condenser / evaporator part is replaced with the condenser / evaporator vessel. It can be located at a lower level. The collection vessel for the evaporator / condenser can be located directly below the collection vessel of the reactor. The condenser / evaporator vessel is advantageously located directly above or above the top of the reaction vessel and is separated only by the partition walls. A gas / steam passage / path is disposed in the partition.

  In general, the reactor part and the condenser / evaporator part can be formed by a space in one vessel and are divided into different parts by suitable inner walls, also called partition walls.

  The first pump is advantageously configured to circulate the active substance. In that case, the first pump is connected to the collection vessel of the reactor, the dissolved active substance is allowed to flow over the first heat exchanger, and the pump is further connected to the outlet of the reaction vessel. In this way, the liquid flow and level can be balanced without configuring external adjustments or controls. Thus, the first pump is arranged to pump liquid from the reactor collection vessel to the distributor or sprayer in the reaction vessel during the heat storage phase. The pump can also deliver liquid from the collection vessel for the evaporator / condenser to the distributor or nebulizer in the reaction vessel during the heat storage stage.

  The second pump, in the heat release stage, sends liquid from the collection vessel for the evaporator / condenser to the condenser / evaporator vessel and is located at the second heat exchanger in the condenser / evaporator vessel It can be deployed to be sent to a distributor or spray mechanism for the condenser / evaporator part being operated.

  In addition, the condenser / evaporator container can include an emergency liquid container, which rather has a confined volume and is connected so that only a limited amount of condensate of volatile liquid can be received. Is placed. The emergency liquid container is then connected through a connection containing a vapor lock to the outlet conduit of the first pump containing a circulating flow of active substance in a dissolved state. Thereby, due to the temperature difference between the active substance in the circulating flow and the condensate in the emergency liquid container, the flow from the emergency liquid container flows into the outlet conduit during normal operation of the chemical heat pump Can be prevented. The connection path between the emergency liquid container and the outlet conduit can then include a check valve arranged to prevent undissolved active material from unintentionally flowing into the emergency liquid container.

  A filter or net is placed in the reactor part under the first heat exchanger to hold the active substance in the solid state, in which case the filter or net is designed as a basket with the top open. In this way, it is advantageously arranged in the reaction vessel. The filter or net has an overflow mechanism that, if possible, delivers the solution containing solid material directly to the reactor collection vessel when the solution is being fed and sprinkled onto the reactor heat exchanger at a rate that is too great. Can be designed to include.

  In addition, a separate passive connection between the reaction vessel and the reactor collection vessel, i.e. a pipe conduit without a pump, is present in both the dissolved state staying in the reaction vessel and the reactor collection vessel. It can be established to be controlled or selected to cause mixing of the active substances. Thus, the flow from the reaction vessel through this connection to the collection vessel occurs only by gravity. Depending on the temperature in the reaction vessel, a control unit can be deployed to establish this connection between the reaction vessel and the reactor collection vessel so that the connection is established when this temperature is low . Furthermore, the control unit can include a temperature sensor, in which case the temperature change corresponds to a change in the position of the machine part or the temperature change is in particular a composite metal / bimetal or memory metal part, or some Converted to mechanical work including parts containing any suitable wax or gas.

  The heat pump uses two atomizers, one atomizer for atomizing the solution in the reactor part and the other for atomizing the water in the condenser / evaporator part. These sprayers spray the liquid onto the surface of each heat exchanger and they may be designed as a simple shower mechanism or a rotary sprayer arm. In a sprayer having a rotary sprayer arm driven to rotate by liquid outflow, i.e. by reaction force, if the flow that may occur particularly in the reactor part fluctuates and is sometimes very small, It happens that the arms do not rotate at all and stay in the same place for more or less long time, so that all the liquid that flows out will only wet the same surface of the heat exchanger. In such a case, otherwise, gravity can be used to distribute and rotate the liquid on different surfaces of the heat exchanger. In general, such a spraying mechanism can be used to spray liquid on the surface of an optional heat exchanger.

  The sprayer driven by gravity has at least one spraying arm with at least one outlet opening for the liquid, and the sprayer arm so that it can rotate about a substantially vertical sprayer axis in a rotational motion caused by the flow of liquid. Generally includes a bearing mechanism for mounting. The atomizer arms may be substantially horizontal or may form a small angle with the horizontal plane. As a special aspect, when liquid flows out of the outlet opening in the spray arm, the vane or scoop mechanism that drives the spray arm to rotate about the axis of rotation is affected. In particular, the vane or scoop mechanism may include a vane or scoop wheel having a rotational axis that includes at least one vane or scoop arranged to receive liquid exiting from the outlet opening. Depending on the weight of the liquid received during the vane or scoop, the vane or scoop wheel is rotated around the axis of rotation, in which case the received liquid is drilled on the surface of the heat exchanger located below the nebulizer. . In that case, the drive mechanism is connected to a rotating shaft, and the rotation of the vane or scoop wheel causes the sprayer arm to rotate about the rotating shaft of the sprayer arm.

  The vane (s) or scoop (s) is positioned substantially directly below the nebulizer arm, and the nebulizer arm rotates and the vane (s) or scoop (s) Make the same rotational movement when rotating around the axis of rotation. Further, each vane or scoop is preferably long and has a groove-shaped space extending away from the axis of rotation of the atomizer arm. The drive wheels are connected to the axis of rotation of the blades or scoop wheels so that they can move together along a constant circular path. The rotation of the vane or scoop wheel and the rotating shaft drives and rotates the drive wheel and moves along its path, thereby causing the drive wheel to move along the path due to friction against the circular path, thereby causing the vane or scoop Rotate the ring around the axis of rotation of the atomizer arm. The atomizer arm may suitably include a pipe having a longitudinal slot or at least one hole forming an outlet opening. In that case, this slot or hole can be arranged in the uppermost part of the pipe.

  Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, but may also be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the methods, processes, apparatus and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

  The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims, but a full understanding of the invention, both above and other features thereof, both in terms of construction and content, is illustrated in the drawings below. The present invention will be better appreciated by considering the following detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments given in connection therewith.

Detailed Description FIG. 2 shows the most important parts of an air conditioning system driven by two similar main units 200 operating alternately. Each main unit consists of a reactor and a condenser / evaporator arranged in a vessel. The main unit includes upper and lower heat exchangers 210, 220 for the reactor and condenser / evaporator, respectively. The upper heat exchanger can be connected by means of a three-way valve 230, for example to an appliance AC intended to cool a house / apartment or office, or to a cooling medium cooler OC. The lower heat exchanger can be connected by a three-way valve 240 to a device that is heated in some suitable manner, such as a cooling medium cooler OC or a solar panel SP. By setting the three-way valve appropriately, one of the main units can store heat while the other main unit can be cooled by, for example, the appliance AC. If one of the main units is moved from the cold state to heat storage and the other main unit is moved from the heat storage state to start generating cold air, this system change, i.e. so-called folding It has been found that energy is consumed. These folding operations require a long time in a main unit of conventional design. A chemical heat pump with a short time required for the folding operation will now be described.

  Thus, FIG. 1a shows a first embodiment of a chemical heat pump or thermodynamic mechanical device for producing cold or hot air, which is entirely in accordance with the method described in the above-mentioned International Publication WO 00/37864. Is configured to operate automatically. The machine includes as a main member a vacuum-tight container 100 divided into different parts, also called chambers, or containers by a number of partitions. The reaction vessel 1, also simply called the reactor, is separated from the reactor collection vessel 2, also called the first collection vessel, by a slightly inclined flat impervious septum 110 at the bottom. ing. The reaction vessel 1 is continuous at its upper end into a condenser / evaporator vessel 3, which is also simply called a condenser / evaporator, and in the embodiment shown in the figure by a partition 120 having a horizontal bottom. , Separated from it, and at its central part continues into the gas pipe 3.4, which extends upwardly from this partition. The reactor collection vessel 2 is also called a second collection vessel with a flat impervious septum slightly inclined at its bottom in a manner similar to the reaction vessel, a collector / evaporator collection. Separated from the container 4.

  In the reaction vessel 1 is provided a heat exchanger 1.3, also called a heat exchanger unit, and in the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 is provided a corresponding heat exchanger 3.3. Yes. Further, in the reaction vessel 1, a filter 1.2, which is also called a reactor filter and generally called a separation mechanism, is arranged to separate and collect solid substances.

  Here, when starting the mechanical device, it is assumed that it is not storing heat, that is, there is no solid state active substance in the mechanical device.

  The active substance is then present as a solution in the reactor collection vessel 2. The valve 2.3 connected in the pipe conduit 2.2 between the first bottom outlet 1.7 at the bottom of the reaction vessel 1 and the reactor collection vessel 2 is closed. Only a small amount of volatile liquid, usually water, is present in the condenser / evaporator collection container 4 located at the bottom of the container 100. The second pump P2 is stopped and the first pump P1 is started. These pumps are also referred to as atomizer pumps for reactor and condenser / evaporator heat exchangers 1.3, 3.3, respectively.

  Referring to FIG. 2, as from the solar panel SP, heat is supplied to the reactor heat exchanger 1.3, the condenser / evaporator heat exchanger 3.3 is connected to the cooling medium cooler OC, etc. To cool.

  When the first pump P1 is started, the solution passes from the lower part of the reactor collection vessel 2 through the bottom outlet 2.1, through the pipe conduit 132 to which the check valve 2.4 is connected, From the pump inlet, it passes through the first pump outlet pipe 131, through the inlet pipe 1.6, to the nebulizer 1.4 located in the top of the reaction vessel 1, and the reactor heat exchanger 1.. 3 is sprayed onto the surface. The nebulizer can be designed as a conventional rotating arm mounted in the center to rotate, has a center supply and rotates by reaction force induced from the flowing liquid. In that case, the atomizer arm may have a number of small exit holes, or alternatively two large exit openings at each end of the arm. In that case, these openings are suitably located at different distances from the central mounting of the atomizer arm 4.1 and all surfaces of the heat exchanger 1.3 of the reactor are generated by the first pump P1. Make it reachable by flow.

  In this way, the sprayer 4.1 sprays the solution onto the heat exchanger 1.3 of the reactor, from which the solution passes through the filter 1.2 and is at the second bottom outlet at the bottom of the reaction vessel 1. 1.5, from the reaction vessel through the pipe conduit 133 extending from its bottom outlet to the inlet of the first pump P1 and back to the first pump again. This solution thus circulated in the reaction vessel is rapidly heated by the heat exchanger 1.3 and thereby stored. In the heat storage process, water vapor flows from the reaction vessel 1 through the gas pipe 3.4 to the condenser / evaporator vessel 3, in which case the water vapor is condensed on the surface of the condenser / evaporator heat exchanger 3.3. The condenser / evaporator vessel outlet 3.5 formed at the bottom of the vessel formed by the partition wall 120 and flows down through the pipe conduit 135 from which the condenser / evaporator is collected. It flows into the container 4 through a further pipe conduit 136 connected to the bottom inlet / outlet 4.1 for this collection container. In that case, the amount of solution in the reaction vessel is reduced, where more new solution is continuously from the reactor collection vessel 2 through the conduit 132, through the check valve 2.4 and continuously into the inlet of the first pump P1. Pumped to flow little by little. In this way, the solution is gradually concentrated and the dissolved active substance gradually transitions to the solid state, i.e. crystals are formed, which are placed in the reaction vessel 1 in the form of a basket-shaped reactor. Collected by filter 1.2.

  The check valve 2.4 is connected to the reactor through the pipe conduits 132, 133 from the reactor outlet 1.5 by a swiveling motion caused by the pressure difference between the reactor collection vessel 2 and the reaction vessel 1. A hot solution is prevented from entering the collection vessel 2, both pipe conduits being connected to the inlet of the first pump P1. The purpose is that the reactor collection vessel 2 remains cold. In this way, the heat storage process continues until the solution is emptied from the reactor collection vessel 2, and the filter 1.2 in the reaction vessel 1 contains substantially all the active substance in the machine, at which time The active substance is in a solid state.

  A pipe 1.1 extends between the reaction vessel 1 and the reactor collection vessel 2, which is for example located in the center and is intended to equalize the pressure difference between the vessels, A certain distance extends upward from the upper wall, i.e., partition 110, into the interior of the reaction vessel, e.g., to approximately its center. As shown in the figure, the reactor filter 1.2 can be designed as a basket with an annular space open upwards, since the annular space receives the active substance, ie its solid state crystals. In that case, the centrally located pipe 1.1 extends into a raised part located in the central part of the filter and is arranged there, for example, to a mouth somewhat below the large hole 1.8 in the filter. It extends to the mouth made in a metal plate. The solution can flow directly back to the first pump P1 through the hole 1.8, the second bottom outlet 1.5 of the reaction vessel, and the conduit 133, in which case the filter 1.2 It is not possible to pass the solution through small holes or nets on its bottom and its sides at a sufficiently high rate compared to the rate at which pump P1 delivers the solution.

  Finally condensed water is collected in the second collection container 4. If this vessel is filled just before the end of heat storage, the level in the pipe 135 extending between the bottom outlet 3.5 in the lower part of the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 and the inlet of the second pump P2 will rise. To do. After a certain time, the level becomes very high and the condensed water enters the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 through the bottom outlet 3.5. When the level reaches a predetermined height in the condenser / evaporator vessel 3, condensed water returns from the condenser / evaporator vessel through the overflow pipe 3.9 to the upper part of the reaction vessel 1. It flows like. The heat storage phase is now over, but the thermal effect from the solar panels can still be received. A sensor (not shown) can be placed at the inlet of the overflow pipe 3.9 into the reaction vessel 1.1, in which case the overflow pipe is usually hot. The sensor detects the temperature drop that occurs when the water reaches the flow through the overflow pipe 3.9 and cools this pipe when the heat storage condition is completely full, so that the sensor stores the heat pump fully. A signal can be provided to indicate that this has occurred.

  Now you can turn the process back to the other way.

  Now the heat exchanger 1.3 of the reactor has been cooled and the heat exchanger 3.3 of the condenser / evaporator 3 is connected to the AC device of the house. The second pump P2 is started. The solution possibly remaining in the reaction vessel 1 is cooled together with its salt, ie the crystals of the active substance remaining in the filter 1.2, the solid form of this active substance. The second pump P2 sends water through the pipe conduit 137 and flows over the heat exchanger 3.3 in the condenser / evaporator vessel, at which time the water first passes from the pipe conduit to the condenser / evaporator vessel 3. Ascend to the entrance 3.6 at the top of the. Water reaches the emergency liquid container 3.2 from its inlet, which is located in the center of the condenser / evaporator container and has a relatively small volume, and therefore a limited amount of water. Can only receive. Furthermore, water flows through the overflow hole 3.8 in the surrounding partition 150 defining the emergency liquid container, and from this container 3.2 to the nebulizer container 3.1 arranged on the side of the emergency liquid container. From there, the water flows through the opening in the bottom of the nebulizer vessel onto the condenser / evaporator heat exchanger 3.3. The nebulizer container with the bottom opening serves as a nebulizer mechanism for the condenser / evaporator container 3 and is in principle a shower mechanism.

  If the nebulizer vessel 3.1 cannot receive all the water, excess water flows through the overflow pipe 3.11, which is the condenser / evaporator vessel inside the nebulizer vessel 3.1. 3 extends down through the condenser / evaporator vessel to the mouth of the heat exchanger 3.3 located therein. The water passes through the outlet 3.5 of the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 and then flows again through the pipe 135 to the inlet of the second pump P2. When the reaction vessel 1 is cooled, the ball valve 2.3 placed in the pipe conduit 2.2 between the first bottom outlet 1.7 of the reaction vessel and the reactor collection vessel 2 is opened. The two vessels 1 and 2, the reaction vessel and its collection vessel actually form one main reactor or reactor unit. The salt in the filter 1.2 dissolves slowly and gradually more solution is collected in the reactor collection vessel 2. This process continues as long as the cooling temperature produced in the medium flowing to the AC device is acceptable.

  The ball valve 2.3 uses the temperature sensor / control unit 1.9 placed at the bottom of the reaction vessel, i.e., the top surface of the partition wall 1.10, etc. Controlled by. This temperature sensor / control unit generally has a temperature change corresponding to a change in the position of the machine part, in a manner not shown, or a temperature change, in particular a bimetal or memory metal component, or a wax or gas. Sensors can be included that are converted to mechanical work including the parts involved, so that the ball valve 2.3 can be operated directly in a mechanical manner.

  If the power supply is cut off, the pumps P1, P2 will stop. At that time, there is a risk that the active substance in the solution remaining in the pipe conduit and the first pump P1 is precipitated as crystals. To prevent this, use water from an emergency liquid container. During normal operation, the pump delivery level in the outlet pipe 131 from the first pump P1 is such that it is somewhat higher than the level of the inlet pipe 1.6 of the nebulizer 1.4 in the reaction vessel 1. . In that case, water from the emergency liquid container 3.2 cannot, under normal operation, flow down through the cleaning pipe 3.10 extending from the bottom of the emergency liquid container to the inlet pipe of the atomizer of the reaction container. That is due to the steam lock 3.12 formed by creating a loop going down in the pipe 3.10 where it would otherwise be the horizontal part of this pipe. A check valve 3.7 connected in the cleaning pipe prevents the solution from entering the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 due to pressure shock or the like. After the first pump P1 has been stopped, for example due to the interruption of the current supply, the water passes from the emergency liquid container 3.2 through the check valve 3.7 and the cleaning pipe 3.10 and its vapor lock to the first pump P1. Through the outlet conduit 131 to the first pump and remove the salt solution to clean the conduit and the first pump.

  The same procedure can be used to intentionally stop the first pump and perform so-called rinsing. It is that the water from the condenser / evaporator vessel 3.2 deliberately passes through the cleaning pipe 3.10 from which the atomizer 1 for the inlet pipe 1.6 and the reactor heat exchanger 1.4. 4 and flow back to the reaction vessel 1, meaning that salt residues accumulated after a long operating time are removed.

  The heat pump is provided with an externally located pipe through which a hot saturated solution flows. A heating jacket can be used to prevent crystallization in these pipes and pumps. These can consist of, for example, a copper pipe with an aluminum foil shield and a general porous thermal insulator thereon. The copper pipe is heated by the energy source of the heat pump during the day and can be heated by a separate immersion electric resistance heater at night. Instead of such jackets, electrical resistance heating strips with foil wrapped around them can be used. In a somewhat modified embodiment of the heat pump shown in FIG. 1b, a solution pump, i.e. a first pump P1, is placed under the reactor part, in particular directly under the reactor collection vessel 2, and the pump enclosure, inlet pipe , And its outlet pipe is located inside the container 100. In this way, these pipes have the same temperature as the solution and crystallization in the pipes is prevented.

  The heat storage stage of the heat pump and the crystals moved by its turn may cause problems with the first pump P1 and the sprayer 1.4 in the reaction vessel 1, and in the worst case it may stop working. . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1b, an additional filter 1.10, also called the reaction vessel pump filter, is deployed and mounted at the inlet of the first pump P1. The inlet of this pump is made as a pipe 1.11, which is a continuous part of the reaction vessel 1 and extends from its bottom 110 through the reactor collection vessel 2 down the center. The bottom of the reaction vessel can be designed as an inverted frustoconical or funnel to achieve liquid flow more easily towards the central pipe 1.11. The solution filtered in the first reactor filter 1.2 flows down through this pipe 1.11. The pipe is connected to provide thermal insulation for the solution in the reactor collection vessel 2. Has a heavy wall. The pipe contains an additional filter 1.10 which separates the solution flowing down from the reactor from the pump inlet. This filter is of the same type as reactor filter 1.2. In the same manner as in the first embodiment, the first pump P1 collects solutions from both the reaction vessel 1 and its collection vessel 2. The solution collected from the collection vessel 2 is also filtered by having to pass another filter 2.5 called the reaction vessel pump filter. This filter surrounds the inlet pipe 1.11 of the first pump P1. From the space between this additional filter and the inlet pipe 1.11 liquid can flow through the outlet 2.1 and the check valve 2.4 to the inlet of the first pump.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1a, the valve 2.3 and / or the conduit to which this valve is connected, which controls the flow directly from the reaction vessel 1.2 to its collection vessel 2, are described above. Even with the jacket in the same way, crystals can plug. The valve 2.3 is completely moved into the vacuum-tight container 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. The valve is designed as a side valve, which is controlled by moving it back and forth. This movement is transmitted by screw movement magnetically communicated from the outside by a motor 2.7 arranged outside the container 100.

  In the embodiment of the heat pump according to FIG. 1 a, after entering the heat storage stage, the water remaining in the condenser / evaporator collection vessel 4 passes directly through the simple partition 130 to the reactor collection vessel 2. So that a too large pressure difference may occur between the space in the collection vessel 4 and the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 when the latter vessel is cooled. . The water in the collection vessel 4 is pushed up to a high level in the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 and then the water passes through the overflow pipe 3.9 or directly through the gas pipe 3.4 to the reaction vessel 1. Flow down. This results in the loss of valuable heat storage material mechanisms. In that case, the simple partition 130 between the collection containers 3 and 4 can be replaced by double partitions 160, 170 as illustrated in FIG. 1b. Thereby, the collection container is mechanically separated by the heat insulating space 2.6. Furthermore, the upper opening of the gas pipe 3.4 is arranged higher than in the case of the embodiment of FIG. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1b, the overflow pipe 3.9 and the temperature sensor of this pipe are not present. Instead, the heat storage level is indicated by the floating body 4.2.

  The outlet 3.5 of the lowermost part of the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 should be connected at a distance from the heat exchanger 3.3 in this vessel. Otherwise, sound may be generated in the pipe extending from the outlet, particularly when the heat pump is dissipated. These sounds are generated when the bubbles transported down in the pipe implode and make sound. A sufficient distance is obtained by tilting the partition 120 between the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 and the reaction vessel 1 somewhat and placing the outlet 3.5 at the lowest part of the partition, as shown in FIG. 1b. Can be obtained.

  The sprayer in the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 can include a normal sprayer arm 3.13 instead of being a stationary shower type, and that arm is mounted centrally so that it can rotate in this vessel It receives the liquid from the second pump P2 at the center and rotates caused by the flow generated by this pump. See Figure 1b. However, the nebulizer 4.1 for the heat exchanger 1.3 for the reaction vessel 1 designed as such a rotating arm is often used, especially during the final period of the heat storage stage, when the flow of the solution is considerably reduced. May stop.

  Another type of spraying mechanism for the reaction vessel 1 that is more independent of the magnitude of the flow for rotation is illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b. The liquid pumped through the central inlet pipe 1.12 to the nebulizer, in the rotatably mounted distributor unit 31 at the upper end of the inlet pipe, is divided into two pieces, also called nebulizer arms. Distributing into the diagonally arranged distributor pipes 33 in the radial direction. The distributor pipes have a slot 35 in their uppermost part through which the pumped liquid flows out from the outside of the distributor pipe and is arranged from there directly under the distributor pipe. The vane or scoop wheel 17 also flows down from the central inlet pipe 1.22 in the opposite radial direction. As the outlet opening of the distributor pipe, a suitably arranged hole (not shown) may be provided instead of the slot. As shown, the slots 35 and such holes can be located in the uppermost portion of the distributor pipe, but they can be located at the lower portion of the distributor pipe or at the sides thereof, You may have some other suitable place. The vane or scoop wheel 37 has at least one, preferably two, on each side of the central inlet pipe 1.12, preferably four long radially arranged vanes or scoops 39 as shown in FIG. 3b. They include a long space in the shape of a groove and are mounted to rotate it about the axis 41 of the vane or scoop wheel, which axis is approximately along the diameter of the inlet pipe 1. 12 is very close. This shaft is attached at its end to a horizontal holding plate 42, which is also attached to the outermost end of the distributor pipe 33. Each of the blades or scoops is gradually filled with liquid and is attached firmly to one end of the shaft 41 of the blades or scoop wheels by the rotational motion of the blades or scoop wheels 37 obtained when moving down due to gravity. The drive wheel 43 also rotates. This drive wheel moves relative to a circular horizontal passage 45, also called an annular support rail, which is fixedly attached to the reactor 1, so that the drive wheel is brought into the inlet pipe 1.12 by friction of the drive wheel against that passage. Causes the rotational movement of the entire spray unit around the vertical central axis through At that time, the liquid present in the vane or scoop 39 is stepped on the new surface of the heat exchanger during the rotation of the atomizer arm rotating in the reaction vessel 1. Such an atomizer can obviously also be used in the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 and also in other devices where the spraying or distribution of liquids from various streams is desired on a number of surfaces arranged on one another. it can.

  As mentioned above, problems with crystallization may occur if operation is suddenly stopped. For example, an interruption in current or power will stop all pumps in the system and allow the material and solution to cool. The solution to this is to flow water back from the condenser / evaporator vessel 3 back to the reaction vessel 1, which water is obtained from the emergency liquid vessel 3.2. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1b, the emergency liquid container is located outside the vacuum-tight container 100 and is connected to a conduit from the second pump P2 to the nebulizer 3.13 in the condenser / evaporator container 3. A conduit containing the magnet valve 3.14 extends directly from the emergency liquid container down to the reaction vessel inlet pipe 1.12, which is also the outlet pipe of the first pump P1, and the additional filter unit 1.10. It extends through the center through. After operation stops, open this valve.

  Arranged at the bottom of the first pump P1, also called a solution pump, is an electrical emergency heating member 108, which can dissolve crystals that may form during long periods of interruption.

  While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described herein, many additional advantages, modifications, and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details, representative features, and examples illustrated and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope or essence of the overall inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Therefore, it is to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.

FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a chemical heat pump. FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a chemical heat pump. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an air conditioning facility driven by a chemical heat pump. In FIG. 3, FIG. 3a is a schematic view of the sprayer, and FIG. 3b is a schematic view of the sprayer shown in FIG. 3a as viewed from the end of the sprayer arm.

Explanation of symbols

1 Reaction vessel 1.1 Pipe for pressure equalization between the top wall of the reactor collection vessel and the interior of the reaction vessel 1.2 Reactor filter 1.3 Heat for the reactor in the reaction vessel Exchanger 1.4 Nebulizer in reaction vessel 1.5 Second outlet of reaction vessel to first pump P1 1.6 Inlet pipe of reaction vessel 1.7 First outlet of reaction vessel to reactor collection vessel 1. 8 Overflow hole located at the top of the central part of the reactor filter 1.9 Temperature sensor / control unit at the bottom of the reaction vessel 1.10 Additional filter in the reaction vessel = Pump filter 1.11. First pump P1 Double wall outlet pipe arranged in the center of the reaction vessel leading to the inlet of the reactor 1.12 Inlet pipe in the center of the reaction vessel = outlet pipe of the first pump P1 to the sprayer in the reaction vessel 2 Reactor Collection container 2.1 Reactor collection Outlet of the reactor 2.2 Pipe from the first outlet of the reaction vessel to the reactor collection vessel 2.3 Ball valve in the pipe from the first outlet for the reaction vessel to the reactor collection vessel 2.4 Reactor collection vessel Check valve in the pipe from the outlet of the reactor to the inlet of the first pump P1 2.5 Pump filter for the reactor collection vessel 2.6 Underneath the bottom of the reactor collection vessel for the condenser / evaporator Thermal insulation space above the top wall in the collection vessel 2.7 Valve motor 3 Condenser / evaporator vessel 3.1 Nebulizer vessel,
3.2 Emergency liquid container 3.3 Condenser / evaporator heat exchanger 3.4 Gas pipe between condenser / evaporator container and reaction vessel 3.5 Condenser / evaporator container outlet 3.6 Condenser / evaporator vessel inlet with emergency liquid container mouth 3.7 Check valve in pipe from emergency liquid container outlet to reaction vessel atomizer inlet pipe 3.8 For emergency liquid container 3.9 overflow pipe from the condenser / evaporator vessel to the reaction vessel 3.10 cleaning pipe from the outlet of the emergency liquid vessel to the inlet pipe of the atomizer of the reaction vessel 3.11 condensation from the atomizer vessel Overflow pipe to the main part of the condenser / evaporator vessel 3.12 vapor lock in the horizontal part of the cleaning pipe 3.13 nebulizer of the condenser / evaporator vessel 3.14 towards the main part of the condenser / evaporator vessel Emergency liquid container leading to 4 in the outlet of the collector 4 Collection container for the condenser / evaporator 4.1 Outlet of the collection container for the condenser / evaporator 4.2 Floating object for level indication P1 First pump = in the reactor Vessel pump for spraying active substance liquid onto heat exchanger P2 Second pump = condensate pump for distributing liquid onto condenser / evaporator heat exchanger 31 Rotating at central inlet tube Distributing unit 33 mounted in such a manner 33 Distributing pipe 35 Exit slot 37 Blade or scoop wheel 39 Blade or scoop 41 Blade or scoop wheel shaft 42 Holding plate for blade or scoop wheel 43 Driving wheel 45 Friction path 100 Vacuum-tight container 110 Bulkhead 120 Bulkhead 130 Bulkhead 131 Pipe from the outlet of the first pump P1 to the inlet pipe of the reaction vessel 132 From the outlet of the reactor collection vessel to the first pump P Pipe to the inlet of 1 133 Pipe from the second outlet of the reaction vessel to the inlet of the first pump P1 135 Pipe from the outlet of the condenser / evaporator to the inlet of the second pump P2 136 of the condenser / evaporator collection vessel Pipe 137 from the outlet to the inlet of the second pump P2 Pipe from the outlet of the second pump P2 to the inlet of the emergency liquid container 140 Bottom of the nebulizer container 150 Bulkhead defining the emergency liquid container 160 Bottom of the reactor collection container 170 Condensation Upper partition wall in collector / evaporator collection vessel 180 Electrical emergency heating element in first pump 200 Main unit 210 Heat exchanger for reactor 220 Heat exchanger for condenser / evaporator 230 Three-way valve 240 Three-way Valve AC Air conditioning SP Solar panel

Claims (24)

Active substances and volatile liquids that can be absorbed and desorbed at the respective temperatures by the active substances, there being a substantially constant temperature difference between these temperatures, In the chemical heat pump, when the volatile liquid is desorbed, the active substance gradually shifts from a state dissolved in the volatile liquid to a solid state.
-In a reactor part having a heat exchanger arranged therein, the active substance always stays in the reactor part, between the solid state and the state dissolved in the volatile liquid; Migrating, reactor part,
A condenser / evaporator part in which a second heat exchanger is arranged, in which only the volatile liquid is always present in various amounts, the condensation in which the volatile liquid evaporates and condenses A reactor / evaporator part, and a passage / path for vapor / gas only between the reactor part and the condenser / evaporator part,
Including
-The reactor part is two separate containers:
A reaction vessel in which the active substance is allowed to absorb / desorb the volatile liquid, and when the active substance is in a solid state after desorption, the active substance is put in or stored; and
-A reactor collection container for collecting or storing the active substance when the active substance is dissolved in the liquid;
Is divided into
Thereby achieving that the temperature of the material stored or staying in the reactor collection vessel is independent of the temperature at which the volatile liquid is desorbed and vaporizes in the reaction vessel, and / or Or-the condenser / evaporator part is two separate containers:
-A condenser / evaporator vessel for vaporizing / condensing the amount of the volatile liquid remaining in the condenser / evaporator section; and
-Collection container for collecting the volatile liquid in liquid / condensed state while dissipating the chemical heat pump,
Is divided into
Thereby achieving that the temperature of the material stored or staying in the collecting container of the condenser / evaporator part is independent of the temperature at which it evaporates / condenses in the condenser / evaporator container;
A chemical heat pump characterized by that.   A first pump arranged to circulate the active substance is connected to a reactor collection vessel for flowing the dissolved active substance over the first heat exchanger and is also connected to the outlet of the reaction vessel. The chemical heat pump of claim 1, comprising a single pump, wherein a balance of liquid flow and level is achieved without any control or regulation.   The condenser / evaporator container includes an emergency liquid container for receiving a limited amount of condensate in the liquid container, and the emergency liquid container is in a dissolved state through a connection path including a vapor lock. Connected to the outlet pipe of the first pump containing the circulating flow for an active substance, the temperature difference between the active substance in the circulating flow and the condensate in the emergency liquid container The chemical heat pump of claim 1, wherein during operation of the heat pump, a flow from the emergency liquid container is prevented from entering the outlet pipe.   The connection between the emergency liquid container and the outlet pipe includes a check valve arranged to prevent unintended flow of the active substance in a dissolved state from going to the emergency liquid container. Chemical heat pump as described in.   The chemical heat pump of claim 1 comprising a filter or net in the reactor portion disposed below the first heat exchanger and disposed to maintain the active material in a solid state.   6. A chemical heat pump according to claim 5, wherein the filter or net is designed as an upwardly opened basket for receiving chemicals in solid state.   Control or selection to achieve mixing of both amounts of active material in a dissolved state where the connection between the reaction vessel and the reactor collection vessel remains in the reaction vessel and the reactor collection vessel The chemical heat pump of claim 1, which can be established according to:   8. The control unit according to claim 7, wherein the control unit for establishing a connection between the reaction vessel and the reactor connection vessel depends on the temperature of the reaction vessel, whereby a connection is established when this temperature is low. Chemical heat pump.   Control temperature sensors where temperature changes correspond to changes in the position of mechanical parts or where temperature changes are converted into mechanical work, especially including bimetallic or memory metal parts, or parts containing wax or gas The chemical heat pump of claim 8, wherein the unit comprises.   The chemical heat pump of claim 1, wherein the reaction vessel is located directly on top of the reactor collection vessel using a simple separation wall.   The reaction vessel is arranged such that its main part is located directly above the reactor collection vessel and has a narrow portion extending downwardly through the reactor collection vessel to the inlet of the first pump; The chemical heat pump of claim 1, wherein the chemical heat pump is arranged to circulate the active substance and receives the active substance from the reaction vessel.   12. A chemical heat pump according to claim 11, wherein the pump filter in the reaction vessel is configured in a narrow section at the inlet of the first pump.   The chemical heat pump of claim 11, wherein the first pump is located at the bottom of the reactor collection container and also receives liquid from the reactor collection container.   14. A chemical heat pump according to claim 13, wherein the pump filter in the reactor collection container is configured at the outlet of the reactor collection container connected to the inlet of the first pump.   The vacuum-tight container is divided by a partition, in particular a substantially horizontal partition, to form a reaction container, a reactor collection container, a condenser / evaporator container, and a condenser / evaporator collection container. Item 2. The chemical heat pump according to Item 1.   The chemical heat pump of claim 15, wherein the condenser / evaporator vessel is located directly above the reaction vessel.   16. A chemical heat pump according to claim 15, wherein the collection vessel for the condenser / evaporator part is located at the lowest point in the vacuum-tight vessel.   A sprayer for spraying liquid on the surface of a heat exchanger, the sprayer being configured to rotate on the surface of the heat exchanger by gravity acting on the liquid passing through the sprayer. The described chemical heat pump. A sprayer or distributor for spraying liquid onto the surface of a heat exchanger, in particular with a chemical heat pump,
-At least one substantially horizontal spray arm having at least one outlet opening for the liquid;
An attachment mechanism for attaching the atomizer arm to rotate about a substantially vertical axis of rotation so that the rotational movement is caused by the flow of liquid;
A vane or scoop mechanism for receiving liquid from the at least one outlet opening and configured to move by gravity acting on the received liquid, whereby the atomizer arm and the vane or about the axis of rotation of the atomizer arm A nebulizer or dispenser characterized by a vane or scoop mechanism configured to rotate the scoop mechanism. The vane or scoop mechanism
-Receiving liquid from at least one outlet opening of the nebulizer arm and rotating around the axis of rotation by the weight of liquid received in at least one vane or scoop, at which time the received liquid is emptied A configured blade or scoop wheel having at least one blade or scoop configured and a rotation axis; and rotation of the blade or scoop wheel so that the sprayer arm rotates about the axis of the sprayer arm. Driven device,
20. A nebulizer according to claim 19, comprising:   21. A sprayer according to claim 20, wherein at least one vane or scoop is arranged substantially directly below the sprayer arm so that the rotational movement of the sprayer arm performs the same rotational movement as the sprayer arm.   21. A sprayer according to claim 20, wherein the at least one vane or scoop is elongated with a grooved space extending away from the axis of the sprayer arm. -A drive wheel connected to the rotating shaft of the blade or scoop wheel; and- the rotation of the blade or scoop wheel and the rotating shaft causes the drive wheel to rotate and move along the passage by friction against a circular passage. A circular path through which the drive wheels travel so that the vanes or scoop wheels rotate about the axis of the atomizer arm,
21. A nebulizer according to claim 20, comprising:   21. A sprayer according to claim 20, wherein the sprayer arm comprises a long slot or a pipe having at least one hole, in particular a slot or hole configured in the uppermost part of the pipe.

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