JP2007183655A - 光学装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】以下を包含する光学装置:円錐部分を有するプリズムであって、該円錐部分は、該プリズムの前方末端にある頂点および該プリズムの該頂点を通って伸長している中心軸を備えている;電磁放射光源を含む光学配置であって、該光学配置は、該円錐部分の該中心軸と実質的に整列した方向で、電磁放射線の入射ビームを、該円錐部分の該頂点上へと向けるように適合されている;および 該プリズムの該頂点の後方に設けた反射面;ここで、該プリズムにより屈折した該ビームは、該反射面により、該プリズムを通って後方へ反射されて、電磁放射線の環状ビームとして、該プリズムの該前方末端から投射するようにされる、光学装置。
【選択図】図6
Description
本発明は、光学装置に関する。特に、本発明は、それに限定するわけではないが、フローサイトメトリーの分野への用途がある。しかしながら、本発明の局面のいくつかは、フローサイトメトリーを越えた用途があり、光学一般の分野において、広範な用途を有し得ることが理解できる。例えば、本発明のいくつかの局面は、測光または光学粒子検出装置で使用できる。
一般に、分析用の粒子または物体を照射するとき、その光源は、単一方向から、この粒子へと向けられる。この粒子により反射したまたは生じた光(例えば、蛍光)について分析を行い、粒子の特定の性質が明らかにされることがある。この粒子のうちの特定の照射部分は、この光源に関する粒子の配向に依存する。この粒子または物体が非対称である場合には、その光測定は、どの部分を照射したかに依存して変わり、粒子または物体を全体として分析することは困難となる。
このシステムはまた、雄牛精子の配向依存性をなくす良好な性能を立証したものの、それはまた、高速ソーティング用に改変され得なかった。このことは、この焦点を通過した直後、この精子が脇に逸れることによる。
DNA Contension Measurements of Mammalian Sperm.CYTOMETRY 3:1〜9[1982] Pinkelら著、Flow Cytometry in Mammalian Sperm:Progress Morphology and DNA Measurement.THE JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY 24:353〜358[1979] Johnson著、Sex Preselection by Flow Cytometric Separation of X AND Y Chromosome Bearing Sperm Based on DNA Difference:A Review.PREPRODUCTIVE FERTILITY DEVELOPMENTS 7:893〜903[1995] Skogen−Hagensonら著、A High Efficiency Flow Cytometer,CYTOCHEMISTRY 25:784〜789[1977] Garnerら著、Quantification of the X and Y Chromosome Bearing Spermatozoa of Domestic Animals by Flow Cytometry,BIOLOGY OF PREPRODUCTION 28:312〜321[1983]
本発明の第1の局面によれば、以下を包含する光学装置が提供される:円錐部分を有するプリズムであって、この円錐部分は、このプリズムの前方末端にある頂点およびこのプリズムの頂点を通って伸長している中心軸を備えている;電磁放射光源を含む光学配置であって、この光学配置は、この円錐部分の中心軸と実質的に整列した方向で、電磁放射線の入射ビームを、この円錐部分の頂点上へと向けるように適合されている;およびこのプリズムの頂点の後方に設けた反射面;ここで、このプリズムにより屈折したビームは、この反射面により、このプリズムを通って後方へ反射されて、電磁放射線の環状ビームとして、このプリズムの前方末端から投射するようにされる。
該分析すべき粒子フローを、検査ゾーン中へと向けること;電磁放射光源を、実質的に共平面で実質的に放射状の対称な電磁放射線として、該検査ゾーンの方へ集中させること。
本発明のいくつかの実施態様は、以下の文献に論述されており、その内容は、本明細書中で参考として援用されている:John C.Sharpe,Peter N.SchaareおよびRainer Kunnemeyerによる「A New Optical Configuration for Flow Cytometric Sorting of Aspherical Cells」、Int.Soc.Optical Engr.,Proc,OF Adv.Tech.Analytical Cytology,1997;John C.Sharpe,Peter N.Schaare,およびRainer Kunnemeyerによる「Radially Symmetric Excitation and Collection Optics for Flow Cytometric Sorting of Aspherical Cells」、Cytometry 29:363−370(1997);およびJohnathan Charles Sharpeによる「A New Optical Configuration for Flow Cytometric Sorting of Bovine Spermatozoa by Sex」、a thesis submitted to the University of Waikato for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics。
再度、第1反射器および第2反射器の同一焦点距離(f1およびf2)を選択することにより、第2反射器の焦点にて、同じサイズのアークランプの実像が得られる。同様に、第1反射器の焦点距離よりも小さい第2反射器に対する焦点距離を選択することは、細胞の高い処理能力が望ましいとき、また、結果的に、細胞がこの検査ゾーンにて共に近接しているときに、誤差の防止に役立つより小さな像を生じる。
図13では、1実施態様が示されており、ここで、このノズルは、その反射面の焦点420がノズルの外部にあるように、成形されている。外部は、ノズル本体の外側またはノズル本体から離れていることを意味することが意図される。このような実施態様においては、電磁放射線を、このノズル本体を横切る必要なしに、この焦点に向けることができる。
種々の光学装置は、平行光の光源(7、75)を提供する。平行光(7、75)は、一般に、入射ビームをプリズム(1、22、24、26、28)の頂点に向けることにより、得られる。このプリズムは、変化する立体配置を有し得る。1つの立体配置は、前方円錐面(24)を有する。他の立体配置は、ピラミッド状前方末端(22)を有する。他の立体配置もまた、開示されている。その応用はまた、三次元の外観(例えば、放物面または楕円体)として成形した内部反射面を有する反射器(20、78、216、316、400)を明示している。これらの反射器(20、78、216、316)は、この反射器上へと入射する光を、1以上の焦点(F、220、320、420)に集中する。これらの反射器は、プリズム(1、22、24、26、28)を含む光学装置と組み合わせて、使用できる。これらの反射器(20、78、216、316)は、試料流(237、337)で反射器(20、78、216、316)の焦点(F、220、320、420)を通過する光を集中するために、フローサイトメーターで使用してもよい。フローサイトメーターにおいて、照射した試料流(237、337)からの散乱および/または蛍光光の捕集は、回転体(例えば、放物面または楕円体)の外観として成形した捕集器の使用により、達成できる。種々の光学方法およびフローサイトメトリー方法もまた、開示されている。
2 頂点
3 円錐面
4 円形後部末端
5 入射光
6 鏡
7 平行光の光源
Claims (1)
- 以下を包含する光学装置:
円錐部分を有するプリズムであって、該円錐部分は、該プリズムの前方末端にある頂点および該プリズムの該頂点を通って伸長している中心軸を備えている;
電磁放射光源を含む光学配置であって、該光学配置は、該円錐部分の該中心軸と実質的に整列した方向で、電磁放射線の入射ビームを、該円錐部分の該頂点上へと向けるように適合されている;および 該プリズムの該頂点の後方に設けた反射面;
ここで、該プリズムにより屈折した該ビームは、該反射面により、該プリズムを通って後方へ反射されて、電磁放射線の環状ビームとして、該プリズムの該前方末端から投射するようにされる、光学装置。
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JP2007006458A Expired - Lifetime JP4727595B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2007-01-15 | 光学装置 |
JP2011058447A Expired - Lifetime JP5512579B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2011-03-16 | 光学装置 |
JP2014042303A Expired - Lifetime JP6016830B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2014-03-05 | 光学装置 |
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JP2014042303A Expired - Lifetime JP6016830B2 (ja) | 1997-01-31 | 2014-03-05 | 光学装置 |
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US (8) | US6819411B1 (ja) |
EP (4) | EP2264427B1 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP4323571B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE298084T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU752985B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2279574C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69830598T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998034094A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2009128073A (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-06-11 | Olympus Corp | 光学ユニット |
WO2009139058A1 (ja) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-19 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 生体画像撮影装置 |
JP2012513031A (ja) * | 2008-12-18 | 2012-06-07 | バイオビジラント システムズ,インコーポレイテッド | 粒径及び蛍光の同時検出のための小型検出器 |
JP2014002025A (ja) * | 2012-06-18 | 2014-01-09 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 対象物検出装置 |
JP2014514556A (ja) * | 2011-04-06 | 2014-06-19 | インスタント バイオスキャン, エルエルシー | 微生物検出装置及び方法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2264427B1 (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 2017-05-03 | Xy, Llc | Optical apparatus with focussing reflector for converging radiation onto a flow of particles, and related method of analysis |
US6149867A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2000-11-21 | Xy, Inc. | Sheath fluids and collection systems for sex-specific cytometer sorting of sperm |
US6071689A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2000-06-06 | Xy, Inc. | System for improving yield of sexed embryos in mammals |
HUP0103126A3 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2002-10-28 | Univ Colorado State Res Found | Equine system for non-surgical artificial insemination |
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