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EP3896207B1 - Needle machine - Google Patents

Needle machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3896207B1
EP3896207B1 EP20193058.3A EP20193058A EP3896207B1 EP 3896207 B1 EP3896207 B1 EP 3896207B1 EP 20193058 A EP20193058 A EP 20193058A EP 3896207 B1 EP3896207 B1 EP 3896207B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
wires
guiding means
needles
needle loom
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20193058.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3896207A1 (en
Inventor
Johann Philipp Dilo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik KG
Original Assignee
Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik KG filed Critical Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik KG
Priority to US17/209,963 priority Critical patent/US11384460B2/en
Priority to CN202110400362.XA priority patent/CN113529284B/en
Publication of EP3896207A1 publication Critical patent/EP3896207A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3896207B1 publication Critical patent/EP3896207B1/en
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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00Needling machines
    • D04H18/02Needling machines with needles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a needling machine for needling a textile fabric, such as a non-woven fabric, woven fabric or scrim.
  • Needle machines are well known and for example in Lünen62 and Albrecht: “Vliesstoffe”, Georg-Thieme-Verlag Stuttgart, 1982, p. 122 to 129 or also in Albrecht, Fuchs, Kittelmann: “Vliesstoffe”, Wiley-VCH Verlag Weinheim, 2000, p. 270 ff. described.
  • DE 3304392 A1 discloses a needling machine having upper and lower fabric support and guide means, each formed by a plurality of parallel tensioned wires movable in the conveying direction of the machine.
  • the present invention is based on the object of specifying a needling machine with which a textile fabric can be needled particularly uniformly.
  • the needling machine according to the invention for needling a textile fabric comprises at least one needle bar arranged in a needling zone, on which at least one needle board is arranged, with a large number of needles protruding from the at least one needle board.
  • the needling machine includes at least one drive device for the at least one needle bar, which is designed to move the at least one needle bar at least in a reciprocating stroke movement.
  • the needling machine also comprises upper and lower support and guide means for the fabric, which extend at least in the area of the needling zone, wherein a space for the passage of the fabric is formed between the upper support and guide means and the lower support and guide means .
  • the upper support and guide means are each formed by a multiplicity of tensioned wires arranged in parallel, between which upper passage openings for the needles of the at least one needle board are arranged, and the lower support and guide means are each formed by a multiplicity of tensioned wires arranged in parallel , between which lower passage openings for the needles of the at least one needle board are arranged.
  • the wires of the upper and lower support and guide means are mounted in such a way that they are immovable in a conveying direction of the needling machine.
  • Such a needling machine is particularly suitable for ensuring a high penetration density of the needles into the textile fabric and for effecting a particularly uniform needling of the textile fabric.
  • the wires of the upper and lower support and guide means are fixed in the needling machine.
  • the wires do not move and the fabric slides through the needling zone along the upper and lower support and guide means formed by the wires.
  • the needling machine is designed in such a way that it moves the textile fabric in the conveying direction at least through the needling zone.
  • the conveying direction of the needling machine corresponds to the conveying direction of the textile fabric, at least in the needling zone.
  • the wires of the upper and lower support and guide means are arranged in a stationary manner, at least in the conveying direction.
  • the wires can be completely stationary.
  • the wires of the upper and lower support and guide means can also be mounted so as to be movable relative to one another in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the needling machine towards or away from one another.
  • the gap can be adapted to different thicknesses of the textile fabric.
  • the needling machine In order to move the fabric in the conveying direction through the needling zone, the needling machine generally in each embodiment preferably comprises a conveying device for the fabric.
  • the conveying device can comprise conveying means which are arranged upstream of the needling zone in the conveying direction and are set up to feed the textile fabric to the needling zone.
  • These conveying means arranged upstream of the needling zone comprise, for example, a conveyor belt and/or conveying rollers.
  • the conveying device can additionally or alternatively comprise conveying means which are arranged downstream of the needling zone and are set up to transport the textile fabric or a consolidated textile fabric pick up after the needling zone and move forward.
  • These conveying means arranged downstream of the needling zone comprise, for example, a conveyor belt and/or conveying rollers.
  • a simple construction of the needling machine is favored by the fact that the needling machine itself has no conveying means for the textile fabric in the needling zone.
  • the number of wires of the upper support and guide means arranged next to one another is at least 250 per meter of working width transverse to the conveying direction, preferably at least 400 per meter of working width, more preferably at least 500 per meter of working width, and the number of wires arranged next to one another of the lower ones support and guide means is at least 250 per meter of working width transverse to the conveying direction, preferably at least 400 per meter of working width, more preferably at least 500 per meter of working width.
  • the wires of the upper support and guide means and the wires of the lower support and guide means are preferably finite and each have a first free end and a second free end.
  • the first free end of each wire is defined upstream of the needling zone in the needling machine and the second free end of each wire is defined downstream of the needling zone in the needling machine.
  • wires of the upper support and guide means and the wires of the lower support and guide means are parallel to each other. In this way, the guidance of the textile fabric in the needling zone is optimized.
  • Each wire preferably runs in the conveying direction F of the textile fabric.
  • a longitudinal direction of each wire is then aligned parallel to the conveying direction of the textile fabric.
  • the wires are thus mounted immovably in the needling machine in the conveying direction and in their longitudinal direction.
  • the wires can also run at an angle to the conveying direction of the textile fabric.
  • a longitudinal direction of each wire is then aligned obliquely to the conveying direction of the textile fabric.
  • the longitudinal direction of each wire then has a component parallel to the conveying direction and a component perpendicular to the conveying direction. Consequently, in this case too, the wires are mounted in the needling machine in such a way that they cannot move in the conveying direction and preferably also perpendicularly to the conveying direction.
  • the wires of the upper support and guide means and the wires of the lower support and guide means are vertically aligned. This ensures that all needles do not collide with the wires of the upper support and guide means and the lower support and guide means during the piercing process.
  • the needling machine preferably comprises at least one hold-down plate and at least one needle plate, which are arranged in the needling zone.
  • the hold-down plate and the throat plate then consist of the upper support and guide means and the lower support and guide means.
  • the upper support and guide means form a hold down plate relative to the needle bar for holding down the fabric when the needles of the needle bar are withdrawn from the fabric
  • the lower support and guide means form a needle plate relative to the needle bar for supporting and restraining the fabric Fabric when the needles of the needle bar penetrate into and penetrate the fabric.
  • the upper support and guide means can also form a needle plate and the lower support and guide means can form a hold-down plate when the needle bar is arranged below the textile fabric.
  • both the upper support and guide means and the lower support and guide means have both a hold-down plate for the needles of one needle board and a throat plate for the needles of the respective form other needle boards.
  • all the stitch and hold-down plates of the needle machine are preferably exclusive in all embodiments formed by the wires of the upper and lower support and guide means. Additional stitch or hold-down plates are not provided.
  • the upper passage openings between the wires of the upper support and guide means have a width of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.7 mm and 8 mm, more preferably between 0.8 mm and 5 mm.
  • the lower passage openings between the wires of the lower support and guide means have a width of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.7 mm and 8 mm, more preferably between 0.8 mm and 5 mm.
  • the wires of the upper support and guide means have a diameter of between 0.4mm and 2mm, preferably between 0.5mm and 1.5mm, more preferably between 0.6mm and 1.2mm .
  • the wires of the lower supporting and guiding means have a diameter of between 0.4 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, more preferably between 0.6 mm and 1 .2 mm.
  • the small diameters of the wires favor a particularly tight stitch pattern and a particularly evenly bonded end product.
  • the needles are arranged in rows which are parallel to an extension direction of the wires of the upper supporting and guiding means and which are arranged at a distance from one another which corresponds to a spacing of the wires of the upper supporting and guiding means.
  • the needling machine also has a cleaning device for each wire. This is particularly suitable for removing fibers adhering to the wire, which are pulled out of the textile fabric during the needling process, and thus ensuring that the needling process runs smoothly.
  • the cleaning device has a nose that runs obliquely in the direction of the respective wire and contacts it on a side of the respective wire that faces away from the gap formed between the upper and lower support and guide means.
  • the needling machine also has a tensioning device for each wire.
  • the first and/or the second end of each wire is attached to a tensioning element.
  • the tightening member such as a bolt or pin, may be pivoted and the first or second end of a wire is wrapped around the tightening member so that the wire can be tightened by rotating the tightening member.
  • a deflection device for each wire is also arranged between the tensioning device and the needling zone, by means of which the respective wire is rotated at an angle of between 60° and 120°, preferably between 70° and 110°, more preferably between 80° and 100° , is deflected based on its arrangement in the needling zone.
  • the wires are deflected upwards or downwards in an area outside the needling zone and release the textile fabric unhindered.
  • the needles in each needle board are at a density of at least 500 needles/dm 2 , preferably at least 1000 needles/dm 2 , more preferably at least 1,500 needles/dm 2 arranged.
  • Such high needle densities lead to a particularly even stitch pattern in the solidified end product.
  • the needles are arranged in needle modules, with each needle module having a large number of needles, and with the needle modules being accommodated in recesses or carriers of the at least one needle board and fastened there.
  • the arrangement of the needles in needle cartridges has several advantages. In this way, individual needle modules can be replaced if there are defective needles and the entire needle board does not have to be removed to retrofit new needles.
  • the needle modules can also be slidably arranged in the needle board and thus the stitch pattern and the needle board assembly can be designed variably.
  • the needle modules can be arranged so close together that there is no gap between the individual needle modules.
  • the wires are preferably in the form of metal wires, in particular steel wires, which are preferably non-rusting.
  • the needling zone preferably extends in the conveying direction F over a range of 20 cm to 200 cm, more preferably 25 cm to 80 cm.
  • the needling zone extends transversely to the conveying direction F, preferably over a range of 200 cm to 500 cm, more preferably 250 cm to 400 cm.
  • Each needle module may have a single row of needles or may have multiple rows of needles.
  • FIG. 1 the schematic structure of a needling machine 1 is shown in a side view.
  • a textile fabric 2, such as a fleece web is fed to an inlet of the needling machine 1 and conveyed to a needling zone V.
  • a needle bar 4 is arranged with a needle board 6 attached to it, which is equipped with needles 8 for solidifying the fabric 2 .
  • the textile fabric 2 to be needled is guided in a gap 7 between upper support and guide means 10 for holding down the textile fabric 2 and lower support and guide means 12 for supporting the textile fabric 2 in the needling zone V.
  • the needles 8 compact the fabric 2 by being pierced into the textile fabric 2 and pulled out again at high frequency.
  • the needles 8 pass through the upper and lower passage openings 30, 32 in the upper support and guide means 10 and the lower support and guide means 12, see FIG Figure 6a . while in 1 the upper and lower support and guide means 10, 12 are only sketched schematically, is the actual design of the upper and lower support and guide means 10, 12 according to the present invention are shown in more detail in the following figures.
  • a drive device 14 is preferably provided, which is designed, for example, as a connecting rod drive.
  • the needle board 6 with the needles 8 can, in a preferred embodiment of a needling machine 1, make a horizontal stroke H parallel run to conveying direction F.
  • the needle board 6 with the needles 8 can be moved in the conveying direction F together with the textile fabric 2 .
  • the needles 8 are moved with the fabric 2 in order to minimize relative movement between the needles 8 and the fabric 2 .
  • either an auxiliary drive acting on the needle board 6 can be provided, or the drive device 14 can be designed accordingly or coupled to the needle bar 4 in a specific way, as is known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the resulting product is a consolidated textile fabric 16, for example a fleece.
  • a wide variety of needle looms 1 are known to those skilled in the art, including double-needle looms in which two needle bars 4 are used for needling from above and below, needling looms with one or more needle boards 6 per needle bar, or needling looms with and without a horizontal stroke. It is understood that the present invention can be applied to different forms of needling looms and is not limited to the embodiment of a needling loom 1 described herein.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 an exemplary embodiment of the needle loom according to the invention is shown in greater detail.
  • the needle machine shown is a double-needle machine with an upper needle board 6 and a lower needle board 6.
  • the lower support and guide means 12 also have a hold-down function for the needles 8 of the needle board 6 arranged below the fabric 2.
  • the needles 8 of both needle boards 6 are alternately pierced into the textile fabric 2 and thus impede one another the time lag of the lancing movements.
  • the needles 8 on both needle boards 6 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane lying between the needle boards 6, but they can also be arranged offset to one another.
  • FIGs 2 to 4 a puncture position of the needles 8 of the upper needle board 6 is shown, in which these needles 8 pass through the passage openings 30, 32 in the upper support and guide means 10 and in the lower support and guide means 12.
  • the lower needles 8 would have passed through the passage openings 30, 32 accordingly.
  • the needles 8 in Figures 2 to 4 are shown with blunt tips for clarity. In reality, the tips of the needles 8 are pointed.
  • the needles 8 are each accommodated in needle modules 18 which in turn are accommodated in receptacles or carriers 20 of the needle board 6 .
  • C-shaped carriers 20 are provided for accommodating a thicker section of the needle module 18.
  • the carrier 20 has two shoulders at its open end, which extend inwards toward one another. After the needle module 18 has been pushed into the C-shaped carrier 20 , a form-fitting connection is created which prevents movement of the needle module 18 in the puncture direction E relative to the carrier 20 .
  • the needle modules 18 can be arranged in rows and columns in the needle board 6, as shown in FIG 2 emerges.
  • the arrangement of the needle modules can be almost arbitrary, as long as the respective needles 8 always hit through openings 30, 32 of the support and guide means 10, 12 during the lancing movement. In this way, rows of needles with several dozen or several hundred needles 8 can be formed in the conveying direction F of the textile fabric 2 .
  • Each needle bar 4 can have exactly one needle board 6 or also have two or more needle boards 6 .
  • Several needling machines can also be arranged one after the other in the conveying direction F.
  • the upper support and guide means 10 and the lower support and guide means 12 are each formed according to the invention by tensioned wires 22 running parallel.
  • the wires 22 preferably run in the conveying direction F of the textile fabric 2.
  • the arrangement of the wires 22 in the upper support and guide means 10 and in the lower support and guide means 12 preferably corresponds to one another, so that the through-openings 30 are also arranged with the through-openings 32 correspond.
  • the passage openings 30, 32 between the wires 22 of the upper and lower supporting and guiding means 10, 12 have a width B of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
  • the wires 22 of the upper and lower support and guide means 10, 12 respectively have a diameter D of between 0.4mm and 2mm.
  • a needle 8 corresponding to a passage opening 30, 32 is arranged transversely to the conveying direction F.
  • two or more needles 8 it is also possible for two or more needles 8 to pass side by side transversely to the conveying direction F through one of the passage openings 30 , 32 during the puncture movement of the needles 8 .
  • the wires 22 are bent upwards or downwards at the front and rear end of the needle bar 4 and are brought under tension for each wire 22 there by means of suitable tensioning devices 24 (shown only schematically here). Out of 2 only the course of the wire at the rear end of the needle bar 4 can be seen. At the front end, the wire course is symmetrical to this. How also from 2 shows, a deflection device 26 is provided between the tensioning device 24 and the needling zone V, by means of which the respective wire 22 is deflected by an angle of between 60° and 120°, based on its arrangement in the needling zone V. The angle is preferably 90°. This results in a U-shape for the course path of the wires 22 .
  • the needling machine also includes a cleaning device 28 for each wire 22, which is preferably arranged downstream of the needling zone V.
  • a cleaning device 28 for each wire 22 is shown in Figures 5a and 5b shown.
  • the cleaning device 28 is formed by a nose 29 which runs obliquely from above or from below in the direction of the respective wire 22 and obliquely counter to the conveying direction F and touches the wire 22 .
  • each nose 29 has a groove at its tip, in which the wire 28 is at least partially accommodated. This also ensures good guidance of the wires 22 . With such an arrangement, fibers moving along a wire 22 can be guided upwards from the nose 29 into a recess, thereby preventing a blockage in the exit area of the support and guide means 10, 12.
  • the cleaning device 28 may include additional components that ensure that the fibers that are routed into the recesses are permanently removed from there. Brushes or blowers, for example, can be used for this.
  • the cleaning device 28 can also be connected in one piece to the deflection device 26 or to a section of the deflection device 26 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Nadelmaschine zum Vernadeln eines textilen Flächengebildes, wie z.B. eines Vliesstoffs, Gewebes oder Geleges.The present invention relates to a needling machine for needling a textile fabric, such as a non-woven fabric, woven fabric or scrim.

Nadelmaschinen sind allgemein bekannt und beispielsweise in Lünenschloss und Albrecht: "Vliesstoffe", Georg-Thieme-Verlag Stuttgart, 1982, S. 122 bis 129 oder auch in Albrecht, Fuchs, Kittelmann: "Vliesstoffe", Wiley-VCH Verlag Weinheim, 2000, S. 270 ff. beschrieben.Needle machines are well known and for example in Lünenschloss and Albrecht: "Vliesstoffe", Georg-Thieme-Verlag Stuttgart, 1982, p. 122 to 129 or also in Albrecht, Fuchs, Kittelmann: "Vliesstoffe", Wiley-VCH Verlag Weinheim, 2000, p. 270 ff. described.

DE 3304392 A1 offenbart eine Nadelmaschine aufweisend obere und untere Stütz- und Führungsmittel für das textile Flächengebilde, die jeweils durch eine Vielzahl parallel angeordneter, gespannter Drähte gebildet sind, die in der Förderrichtung der Maschine beweglich sind. DE 3304392 A1 discloses a needling machine having upper and lower fabric support and guide means, each formed by a plurality of parallel tensioned wires movable in the conveying direction of the machine.

Beim Vernadeln von textilen Flächengebilden, insbesondere von Vliesstoffen, ist es erwünscht, eine möglichst gleichmäßige Vernadelung zu erreichen, ohne dass dadurch Muster im textilen Flächengebilde ausgebildet werden.When needling textile fabrics, in particular nonwovens, it is desirable to achieve needling that is as uniform as possible without patterns being formed in the textile fabric as a result.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Nadelmaschine anzugeben, mit der ein textiles Flächengebilde besonders gleichmäßig vernadelt werden kann.The present invention is based on the object of specifying a needling machine with which a textile fabric can be needled particularly uniformly.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the subject matter of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Nadelmaschine zum Vernadeln eines textilen Flächengebildes umfasst mindestens einen in einer Vernadelungszone angeordneten Nadelbalken, an dem mindestens ein Nadelbrett angeordnet ist, wobei von dem mindestens einen Nadelbrett eine Vielzahl von Nadeln abragt. Außerdem umfasst die Nadelmaschine mindestens eine Antriebsvorrichtung für den mindestens einen Nadelbalken, die dazu ausgestaltet ist, den mindestens einen Nadelbalken zumindest in einer hin- und hergehenden Hubbewegung zu bewegen. Die Nadelmaschine umfasst außerdem obere und untere Stütz- und Führungsmittel für das textile Flächengebilde, die sich zumindest im Bereich der Vernadelungszone erstrecken, wobei zwischen den oberen Stütz- und Führungsmitteln und den unteren Stütz- und Führungsmitteln ein Zwischenraum für den Durchtritt des textilen Flächengebildes gebildet ist. Die oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel sind jeweils durch eine Vielzahl parallel angeordneter, gespannter Drähte gebildet, zwischen denen obere Durchtrittsöffnungen für die Nadeln des mindestens eines Nadelbretts angeordnet sind, und die unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel sind jeweils durch eine Vielzahl parallel angeordneter, gespannter Drähte gebildet, zwischen denen untere Durchtrittsöffnungen für die Nadeln des mindestens einen Nadelbretts angeordnet sind. Die Drähte der oberen und der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel sind derart gelagert, dass sie in einer Förderrichtung der Nadelmaschine unbeweglich sind.The needling machine according to the invention for needling a textile fabric comprises at least one needle bar arranged in a needling zone, on which at least one needle board is arranged, with a large number of needles protruding from the at least one needle board. In addition, the needling machine includes at least one drive device for the at least one needle bar, which is designed to move the at least one needle bar at least in a reciprocating stroke movement. The needling machine also comprises upper and lower support and guide means for the fabric, which extend at least in the area of the needling zone, wherein a space for the passage of the fabric is formed between the upper support and guide means and the lower support and guide means . The upper support and guide means are each formed by a multiplicity of tensioned wires arranged in parallel, between which upper passage openings for the needles of the at least one needle board are arranged, and the lower support and guide means are each formed by a multiplicity of tensioned wires arranged in parallel , between which lower passage openings for the needles of the at least one needle board are arranged. The wires of the upper and lower support and guide means are mounted in such a way that they are immovable in a conveying direction of the needling machine.

Eine derartige Nadelmaschine ist in besonderem Maße dazu geeignet, eine hohe Einstichdichte der Nadeln in das textile Flächengebilde zu gewährleisten und eine besonders gleichmäßige Vernadelung des textilen Flächengebildes zu bewirken.Such a needling machine is particularly suitable for ensuring a high penetration density of the needles into the textile fabric and for effecting a particularly uniform needling of the textile fabric.

Vorzugsweise sind die Drähte der oberen und der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel in der Nadelmaschine festgelegt. Die Drähte bewegen sich nicht und das textile Flächengebilde gleitet entlang der durch die Drähte gebildeten oberen und unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel durch die Vernadelungszone.Preferably, the wires of the upper and lower support and guide means are fixed in the needling machine. The wires do not move and the fabric slides through the needling zone along the upper and lower support and guide means formed by the wires.

Die Nadelmaschine ist derart ausgebildet, dass sie das textile Flächengebilde in der Förderrichtung zumindest durch die Vernadelungszone bewegt. Mit anderen Worten entspricht die Förderrichtung der Nadelmaschine der Förderrichtung des textilen Flächengebildes zumindest in der Vernadelungszone.The needling machine is designed in such a way that it moves the textile fabric in the conveying direction at least through the needling zone. In other words, the conveying direction of the needling machine corresponds to the conveying direction of the textile fabric, at least in the needling zone.

Die Drähte der oberen und der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel sind zumindest in Förderrichtung stationär angeordnet. Die Drähte können komplett stationär angeordnet sein. Die Drähte der oberen und der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel können aber auch relativ zu einander in einer Richtung senkrecht zur Förderrichtung der Nadelmaschine aufeinander zu bzw. voneinander weg beweglich gelagert sein. Dadurch kann der Zwischenraum an unterschiedliche Dicken des textilen Flächengebildes angepasst werden.The wires of the upper and lower support and guide means are arranged in a stationary manner, at least in the conveying direction. The wires can be completely stationary. However, the wires of the upper and lower support and guide means can also be mounted so as to be movable relative to one another in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the needling machine towards or away from one another. As a result, the gap can be adapted to different thicknesses of the textile fabric.

Um das textile Flächengebilde in Förderrichtung durch die Vernadelungszone zu bewegen, umfasst die Nadelmaschine allgemein in jeder Ausführungsform vorzugsweise eine Fördervorrichtung für das textile Flächengebilde. Die Fördervorrichtung kann Fördermittel umfassen, die in Förderrichtung stromaufwärts der Vernadelungszone angeordnet sind und dazu eingerichtet sind, das textile Flächengebilde der Vernadelungszone zuzuführen. Diese stromaufwärts der Vernadelungszone angeordneten Fördermittel umfassen beispielsweise ein Förderband und/oder Förderwalzen. Ferner kann die Fördervorrichtung zusätzlich oder alternativ Fördermittel umfassen, die stromabwärts der Vernadelungszone angeordnet sind und dazu eingerichtet sind, das textile Flächengebilde bzw. ein verfestigtes textiles Flächengebilde nach der Vernadelungszone aufzunehmen und vorwärts zu bewegen. Diese stromabwärts der Vernadelungszone angeordneten Fördermittel umfassen beispielsweise ein Förderband und/oder Förderwalzen.In order to move the fabric in the conveying direction through the needling zone, the needling machine generally in each embodiment preferably comprises a conveying device for the fabric. The conveying device can comprise conveying means which are arranged upstream of the needling zone in the conveying direction and are set up to feed the textile fabric to the needling zone. These conveying means arranged upstream of the needling zone comprise, for example, a conveyor belt and/or conveying rollers. Furthermore, the conveying device can additionally or alternatively comprise conveying means which are arranged downstream of the needling zone and are set up to transport the textile fabric or a consolidated textile fabric pick up after the needling zone and move forward. These conveying means arranged downstream of the needling zone comprise, for example, a conveyor belt and/or conveying rollers.

Ein einfacher Aufbau der Nadelmaschine wird dadurch begünstigt, dass die Nadelmaschine in der Vernadelungszone selbst keine Fördermittel für das textile Flächengebilde aufweist.A simple construction of the needling machine is favored by the fact that the needling machine itself has no conveying means for the textile fabric in the needling zone.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beträgt die Anzahl der nebeneinander angeordneten Drähte der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel mindestens 250 pro Meter Arbeitsbreite quer zur Förderrichtung, bevorzugt mindestens 400 pro Meter Arbeitsbreite, mehr bevorzugt mindestens 500 pro Meter Arbeitsbreite, und die Anzahl der nebeneinander angeordneten Drähte der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel beträgt mindestens 250 pro Meter Arbeitsbreite quer zur Förderrichtung, bevorzugt mindestens 400 pro Meter Arbeitsbreite, mehr bevorzugt mindestens 500 pro Meter Arbeitsbreite. Auf diese Weise können textile Flächengebilde mit üblichen Breiten in der Vernadelungszone sicher geführt und gestützt werden.In a preferred embodiment, the number of wires of the upper support and guide means arranged next to one another is at least 250 per meter of working width transverse to the conveying direction, preferably at least 400 per meter of working width, more preferably at least 500 per meter of working width, and the number of wires arranged next to one another of the lower ones support and guide means is at least 250 per meter of working width transverse to the conveying direction, preferably at least 400 per meter of working width, more preferably at least 500 per meter of working width. In this way, textile fabrics with the usual widths can be safely guided and supported in the needling zone.

Die Drähte der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel und die Drähte der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel sind in allen Ausführungsformen bevorzugt endlich und weisen jeweils ein erstes freies Ende und ein zweites freies Ende auf. Vorzugsweise ist das erste freie Ende jedes Drahts in Förderrichtung stromaufwärts der Vernadelungszone in der Nadelmaschine festgelegt und das zweite freie Ende jedes Drahts ist in Förderrichtung stromabwärts der Vernadelungszone in der Nadelmaschine festgelegt.In all embodiments, the wires of the upper support and guide means and the wires of the lower support and guide means are preferably finite and each have a first free end and a second free end. Preferably, the first free end of each wire is defined upstream of the needling zone in the needling machine and the second free end of each wire is defined downstream of the needling zone in the needling machine.

Es ist bevorzugt, dass die Drähte der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel und die Drähte der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel parallel zueinander verlaufen. Auf diese Weise wird die Führung des textilen Flächengebildes in der Vernadelungszone optimiert.It is preferred that the wires of the upper support and guide means and the wires of the lower support and guide means are parallel to each other. In this way, the guidance of the textile fabric in the needling zone is optimized.

Jeder Draht verläuft vorzugsweise in Förderrichtung F des textilen Flächengebildes. Eine Längsrichtung jedes Drahts ist dann parallel zur Förderrichtung des textilen Flächengebildes ausgerichtet. Die Drähte sind somit in Förderrichtung und in ihrer Längsrichtung unbeweglich in der Nadelmaschine gelagert.Each wire preferably runs in the conveying direction F of the textile fabric. A longitudinal direction of each wire is then aligned parallel to the conveying direction of the textile fabric. The wires are thus mounted immovably in the needling machine in the conveying direction and in their longitudinal direction.

Die Drähte können auch schräg zur Förderrichtung des textilen Flächengebildes verlaufen. Eine Längsrichtung jedes Drahts ist dann schräg zur Förderrichtung des textilen Flächengebildes ausgerichtet. Die Längsrichtung jedes Drahts weist dann eine Komponente parallel zur Förderrichtung und eine Komponente senkrecht zur Förderrichtung auf. Folglich sind die Drähte auch in diesem Fall derart in der Nadelmaschine gelagert, dass sie in Förderrichtung und vorzugsweise auch senkrecht zur Förderrichtung unbeweglich sind.The wires can also run at an angle to the conveying direction of the textile fabric. A longitudinal direction of each wire is then aligned obliquely to the conveying direction of the textile fabric. The longitudinal direction of each wire then has a component parallel to the conveying direction and a component perpendicular to the conveying direction. Consequently, in this case too, the wires are mounted in the needling machine in such a way that they cannot move in the conveying direction and preferably also perpendicularly to the conveying direction.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung sind die Drähte der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel und die Drähte der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel in vertikaler Richtung miteinander ausgerichtet. Somit wird gewährleistet, dass sämtliche Nadeln beim Einstichvorgang nicht mit den Drähten der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel und der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel kollidieren.In a preferred embodiment, the wires of the upper support and guide means and the wires of the lower support and guide means are vertically aligned. This ensures that all needles do not collide with the wires of the upper support and guide means and the lower support and guide means during the piercing process.

Vorzugsweise umfasst die Nadelmaschine in allen Ausführungsformen zumindest eine Niederhalterplatte und zumindest eine Stichplatte, die in der Vernadelungszone angeordnet sind. Die Niederhalterplatte und die Stichplatte bestehen dann aus den oberen Stütz- und Führungsmitteln bzw. den unteren Stütz- und Führungsmitteln. Beispielsweise bilden die oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel bezüglich des Nadelbalkens eine Niederhalterplatte zum Niederhalten des textilen Flächengebildes, wenn die Nadeln des Nadelbalkens aus dem textilen Flächengebilde herausgezogen werden, und die unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel bilden bezüglich des Nadelbalkens eine Stichplatte zum Stützen und Zurückhalten des textilen Flächengebildes, wenn die Nadeln des Nadelbalkens in das textile Flächengebilde eindringen und dieses durchdringen. Es versteht sich, dass auch die oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel eine Stichplatte und die unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel eine Niederhalterplatte bilden können, wenn der Nadelbalken unterhalb des textilen Flächengebildes angeordnet ist. Ebenso ist es möglich, dass bei einer Doppelnadelmaschine mit einem oberen Nadelbrett und einem unteren Nadelbrett sowohl die oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel als auch die unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel sowohl eine Niederhalterplatte für die Nadeln jeweils eines Nadelbretts als auch eine Stichplatte für die Nadeln des jeweils anderen Nadelbretts bilden.In all embodiments, the needling machine preferably comprises at least one hold-down plate and at least one needle plate, which are arranged in the needling zone. The hold-down plate and the throat plate then consist of the upper support and guide means and the lower support and guide means. For example, the upper support and guide means form a hold down plate relative to the needle bar for holding down the fabric when the needles of the needle bar are withdrawn from the fabric, and the lower support and guide means form a needle plate relative to the needle bar for supporting and restraining the fabric Fabric when the needles of the needle bar penetrate into and penetrate the fabric. It goes without saying that the upper support and guide means can also form a needle plate and the lower support and guide means can form a hold-down plate when the needle bar is arranged below the textile fabric. It is also possible that in a double-needle machine with an upper needle board and a lower needle board, both the upper support and guide means and the lower support and guide means have both a hold-down plate for the needles of one needle board and a throat plate for the needles of the respective form other needle boards.

Um einen möglichst einfachen Aufbau der Nadelmaschine zu ermöglichen, sind in allen Ausführungsformen bevorzugt alle Stich- und Niederhalterplatten der Nadelmaschine ausschließlich durch die Drähte der oberen und der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel gebildet. Weitere Stich- oder Niederhalterplatten sind nicht vorgesehen.In order to enable the simplest possible construction of the needle machine, all the stitch and hold-down plates of the needle machine are preferably exclusive in all embodiments formed by the wires of the upper and lower support and guide means. Additional stitch or hold-down plates are not provided.

Es ist bevorzugt, dass die oberen Durchtrittsöffnungen zwischen den Drähten der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel eine Breite zwischen 0,5 mm und 10 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0,7 mm und 8 mm, mehr bevorzugt zwischen 0,8 mm und 5 mm aufweisen.It is preferred that the upper passage openings between the wires of the upper support and guide means have a width of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.7 mm and 8 mm, more preferably between 0.8 mm and 5 mm.

Alternativ oder in Kombination hiermit ist es bevorzugt, dass die unteren Durchtrittsöffnungen zwischen den Drähten der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel eine Breite von zwischen 0,5 mm und 10 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0,7 mm und 8 mm, mehr bevorzugt zwischen 0,8 mm und 5 mm aufweisen.Alternatively or in combination with this, it is preferred that the lower passage openings between the wires of the lower support and guide means have a width of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.7 mm and 8 mm, more preferably between 0.8 mm and 5 mm.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die Drähte der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel einen Durchmesser von zwischen 0,4 mm und 2 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 mm und 1,5 mm, mehr bevorzugt zwischen 0,6 mm und 1,2 mm auf.In a preferred embodiment, the wires of the upper support and guide means have a diameter of between 0.4mm and 2mm, preferably between 0.5mm and 1.5mm, more preferably between 0.6mm and 1.2mm .

Alternativ oder in Kombination hiermit es bevorzugt, dass die Drähte der unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel einen Durchmesser von zwischen 0,4 mm und 2 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 mm und 1,5 mm, mehr bevorzugt zwischen 0,6 mm und 1,2 mm aufweisen.Alternatively or in combination herewith it is preferred that the wires of the lower supporting and guiding means have a diameter of between 0.4 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, more preferably between 0.6 mm and 1 .2 mm.

Die geringen Durchmesser der Drähte begünstigen ein besonders enges Stichbild und ein besonders gleichmäßiges verfestigtes Endprodukt.The small diameters of the wires favor a particularly tight stitch pattern and a particularly evenly bonded end product.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Nadeln in Reihen angeordnet, die parallel zu einer Erstreckungsrichtung der Drähte der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel verlaufen und die in einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind, der einem Abstand der Drähte der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel entspricht. Auf diese Weise ist sichergestellt, dass jeweils genau eine Nadelreihe in einer Durchtrittsöffnung aufgenommen werden kann, wodurch die Stütz- und Abstreiffunktion der oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel auf besonders sichere Weise gewährleistet wird. Insbesondere wird auf diese Weise effektiv verhindert, dass Fasern beim Herausziehen der Nadeln aus dem textilen Flächengebilde mitgenommen werden.In a preferred embodiment, the needles are arranged in rows which are parallel to an extension direction of the wires of the upper supporting and guiding means and which are arranged at a distance from one another which corresponds to a spacing of the wires of the upper supporting and guiding means. In this way, it is ensured that exactly one row of needles can be accommodated in a passage opening, as a result of which the support and stripping function of the upper support and guide means is ensured in a particularly reliable manner. In particular, this effectively prevents fibers from being entrained when the needles are pulled out of the textile fabric.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist die Nadelmaschine weiterhin eine Reinigungseinrichtung für jeden Draht auf. Diese ist insbesondere dazu geeignet, an dem Draht haftende Fasern, die während des Vernadelungsprozesses aus dem textilen Flächengebilde gezogen werden, zu entfernen und somit den reibungslosen Ablauf des Vernadelungsprozesses sicherzustellen.In a preferred embodiment, the needling machine also has a cleaning device for each wire. This is particularly suitable for removing fibers adhering to the wire, which are pulled out of the textile fabric during the needling process, and thus ensuring that the needling process runs smoothly.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist die Reinigungseinrichtung eine Nase auf, die jeweils auf einer Seite des jeweiligen Drahts, die von dem zwischen den oberen und unteren Stütz- und Führungsmitteln gebildeten Zwischenraum abgewandt ist, schräg in Richtung des jeweiligen Drahts verläuft und diesen kontaktiert. Dadurch werden am Draht befindliche Fäden, die aufgrund der Förderbewegung des textilen Flächengebildes in Förderrichtung mitbewegt werden, von dem jeweiligen Draht abgehoben, wodurch eine Verstopfung des Zwischenraums zwischen den oberen und unteren Stütz- und Führungsmitteln auf einfache Weise verhindert wird.In a preferred embodiment, the cleaning device has a nose that runs obliquely in the direction of the respective wire and contacts it on a side of the respective wire that faces away from the gap formed between the upper and lower support and guide means. As a result, threads on the wire, which are moved in the conveying direction due to the conveying movement of the textile fabric, are lifted off the respective wire, thereby preventing the gap between the upper and lower support and guide means from becoming blocked in a simple manner.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist die Nadelmaschine weiterhin eine Spanneinrichtung für jeden Draht auf. Vorzugsweise ist das erste und/oder das zweite Ende jedes Drahts an einem Spannelement befestigt. Das Spannelement, z.B. ein Bolzen oder Stift, kann drehbar gelagert sein und das erste oder das zweite Ende eines Drahts ist um das Spannelement gewickelt, sodass der Draht durch Drehen des Spannelements spannbar ist. Somit können nach Art von Klaviersaiten eine Nachjustierung der Drahtspannung und ein Austausch von Drähten auf einfache Weise erfolgen.In a preferred embodiment, the needling machine also has a tensioning device for each wire. Preferably, the first and/or the second end of each wire is attached to a tensioning element. The tightening member, such as a bolt or pin, may be pivoted and the first or second end of a wire is wrapped around the tightening member so that the wire can be tightened by rotating the tightening member. Thus, in the manner of piano strings, the wire tension can be readjusted and wires replaced in a simple manner.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung ist zwischen der Spanneinrichtung und der Vernadelungszone auch eine Umlenkeinrichtung für jeden Draht angeordnet, mittels derer der jeweilige Draht um einen Winkel von zwischen 60° und 120°, bevorzugt zwischen 70° und 110°, mehr bevorzugt zwischen 80° und 100°, bezogen auf seine Anordnung in der Vernadelungszone umgelenkt ist. Dadurch werden die Drähte in einem Bereich außerhalb der Vernadelungszone nach oben bzw. nach unten umgelenkt und geben das textile Flächengebilde ungehindert frei.In a preferred embodiment, a deflection device for each wire is also arranged between the tensioning device and the needling zone, by means of which the respective wire is rotated at an angle of between 60° and 120°, preferably between 70° and 110°, more preferably between 80° and 100° , is deflected based on its arrangement in the needling zone. As a result, the wires are deflected upwards or downwards in an area outside the needling zone and release the textile fabric unhindered.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung sind die Nadeln in jedem Nadelbrett in einer Dichte von mindestens 500 Nadeln/dm2, bevorzugt mindestens 1.000 Nadeln/dm2, mehr bevorzugt mindestens 1.500 Nadeln/dm2 angeordnet. Derart hohe Nadeldichten führen zu einem besonders gleichmäßigen Stichbild im verfestigten Endprodukt.In a preferred embodiment, the needles in each needle board are at a density of at least 500 needles/dm 2 , preferably at least 1000 needles/dm 2 , more preferably at least 1,500 needles/dm 2 arranged. Such high needle densities lead to a particularly even stitch pattern in the solidified end product.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Nadeln in Nadelmodulen angeordnet, wobei jedes Nadelmodul eine Vielzahl von Nadeln aufweist, und wobei die Nadelmodule in Ausnehmungen oder Trägern des mindestens einen Nadelbretts aufgenommen und dort befestigt sind. Die Anordnung der Nadeln in Nadelmodulen hat mehrere Vorteile. So können einzelne Nadelmodule beim Vorliegen defekter Nadeln ausgetauscht werden und es muss nicht das gesamte Nadelbrett zur Nachrüstung neuer Nadeln ausgebaut werden. Die Nadelmodule können auch verschiebbar im Nadelbrett angeordnet sein und somit lässt sich das Stichbild und die Nadelbrettbestückung variabel gestalten. Außerdem können die Nadelmodule derart eng aneinander angeordnet sein, dass zwischen einzelnen Nadelmodulen kein Zwischenraum verbleibt.In a preferred embodiment, the needles are arranged in needle modules, with each needle module having a large number of needles, and with the needle modules being accommodated in recesses or carriers of the at least one needle board and fastened there. The arrangement of the needles in needle cartridges has several advantages. In this way, individual needle modules can be replaced if there are defective needles and the entire needle board does not have to be removed to retrofit new needles. The needle modules can also be slidably arranged in the needle board and thus the stitch pattern and the needle board assembly can be designed variably. In addition, the needle modules can be arranged so close together that there is no gap between the individual needle modules.

In allen Ausführungsformen sind die Drähte vorzugsweise als Metalldrähte, insbesondere Stahldrähte ausgebildet, die bevorzugt nicht rostend sind.In all of the embodiments, the wires are preferably in the form of metal wires, in particular steel wires, which are preferably non-rusting.

Die Vernadelungszone erstreckt sich in allen Ausführungsformen in Förderrichtung F vorzugsweise über einen Bereich von 20 cm bis 200 cm, mehr bevorzugt 25 cm bis 80cm.In all of the embodiments, the needling zone preferably extends in the conveying direction F over a range of 20 cm to 200 cm, more preferably 25 cm to 80 cm.

Die Vernadelungszone erstreckt sich in allen Ausführungsformen quer zur Förderrichtung F vorzugsweise über einen Bereich von 200 cm bis 500 cm, mehr bevorzugt 250 cm bis 400 cm.In all of the embodiments, the needling zone extends transversely to the conveying direction F, preferably over a range of 200 cm to 500 cm, more preferably 250 cm to 400 cm.

Jedes Nadelmodul kann eine einzelne Längsreihe von Nadeln aufweisen oder mehrere Längsreihen von Nadeln aufweisen.Each needle module may have a single row of needles or may have multiple rows of needles.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht der wesentlichen Komponenten einer Nadelmaschine;
Fig. 2
zeigt einen Ausschnitt der Vernadelungszone einer erfindungsgemäßen Nadel-maschine in perspektivischer Ansicht;
Fig. 3
zeigt einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Nadelmaschine gemäß Fig. 2 in perspektivischer Ansicht;
Fig. 4
zeigt einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Nadelmaschine aus Fig. 3 in perspektivischer Ansicht;
Fig. 5a
zeigt eine mögliche Ausgestaltung einer Reinigungseinrichtung für die Drähte in perspektivischer Ansicht;
Fig. 5b
zeigt die Reinigungseinrichtung aus Fig. 5a in einer Querschnittsansicht;
Fig. 6a
zeigt eine vergrößerte Draufsicht auf parallel zueinander verlaufende Drähte in der Vernadelungszone; und
Fig. 6b
zeigt eine Draufsicht auf Drähte aus Fig. 6a in weiter vergrößerter Darstellung.
Further features and advantages of the present invention result from the following description with reference to the drawings.
1
shows a schematic side view of the essential components of a needling machine;
2
shows a section of the needling zone of a needling machine according to the invention in a perspective view;
3
shows an enlarged section of the needle loom according to FIG 2 in perspective view;
4
shows an enlarged section of the needle loom 3 in perspective view;
Figure 5a
shows a possible embodiment of a cleaning device for the wires in a perspective view;
Figure 5b
shows the cleaning device Figure 5a in a cross-sectional view;
Figure 6a
shows an enlarged plan view of parallel wires in the needling zone; and
Figure 6b
shows a top view of wires from Figure 6a in a further enlarged view.

In Fig. 1 ist die schematische Struktur einer Nadelmaschine 1 in einer Seitenansicht dargestellt. Ein textiles Flächengebilde 2, wie zum Beispiel eine Vliesbahn, wird an einem Einlauf der Nadelmaschine 1 zugeführt und zu einer Vernadelungszone V gefördert. Im Bereich der Vernadelungszone V ist ein Nadelbalken 4 mit einem daran befestigten Nadelbrett 6 angeordnet, welches mit Nadeln 8 zum Verfestigen des Flächengebildes 2 bestückt ist. In diesem Bereich wird das zu vernadelnde textile Flächengebilde 2 in einem Zwischenraum 7 zwischen oberen Stütz- und Führungsmitteln 10 zum Niederhalten des textilen Flächengebildes 2 und unteren Stütz- und Führungsmitteln 12 zum Unterstützen des textilen Flächengebildes 2 in der Vernadelungszone V geführt. Die Nadeln 8 verdichten das Flächengebilde 2, indem sie mit hoher Frequenz in das textile Flächengebilde 2 hineingestochen und wieder herausgezogen werden. Dabei treten die Nadeln 8 durch obere und untere Durchtrittsöffnungen 30, 32 in den oberen Stütz- und Führungsmitteln 10 sowie den unteren Stütz- und Führungsmitteln 12 hindurch, siehe Fig. 6a. Während in Fig. 1 die oberen und unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel 10, 12 nur schematisch skizziert sind, ist die tatsächliche Ausgestaltung der oberen und unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel 10, 12 gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung näher in den nachfolgenden Figuren gezeigt.In 1 the schematic structure of a needling machine 1 is shown in a side view. A textile fabric 2, such as a fleece web, is fed to an inlet of the needling machine 1 and conveyed to a needling zone V. In the area of the needling zone V, a needle bar 4 is arranged with a needle board 6 attached to it, which is equipped with needles 8 for solidifying the fabric 2 . In this area, the textile fabric 2 to be needled is guided in a gap 7 between upper support and guide means 10 for holding down the textile fabric 2 and lower support and guide means 12 for supporting the textile fabric 2 in the needling zone V. The needles 8 compact the fabric 2 by being pierced into the textile fabric 2 and pulled out again at high frequency. The needles 8 pass through the upper and lower passage openings 30, 32 in the upper support and guide means 10 and the lower support and guide means 12, see FIG Figure 6a . while in 1 the upper and lower support and guide means 10, 12 are only sketched schematically, is the actual design of the upper and lower support and guide means 10, 12 according to the present invention are shown in more detail in the following figures.

Wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt ist, ist zum Auf- und Abbewegen der Nadeln 8 in einer Einstichrichtung E vorzugsweise eine Antriebsvorrichtung 14 vorgesehen, die zum Beispiel als Pleuelantrieb ausgebildet ist.As in 1 is shown, for moving the needles 8 up and down in a puncture direction E, a drive device 14 is preferably provided, which is designed, for example, as a connecting rod drive.

Um zu vermeiden, dass sich im Flächengebilde 2 Verzüge bilden, während die Nadeln 8 sich im Flächengebilde 2 befinden und dieses weiter in einer Förderrichtung F bewegt wird, kann das Nadelbrett 6 mit den Nadeln 8 in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer Nadelmaschine 1 einen Horizontalhub H parallel zur Förderrichtung F ausführen. Dabei ist das Nadelbrett 6 mit den Nadeln 8 zusammen mit dem textilen Flächengebilde 2 in Förderrichtung F bewegbar. Insbesondere während die Nadeln 8 in das textile Flächengebilde 2 eingestochen sind, werden die Nadeln 8 mit dem Flächengebilde 2 mitbewegt, um eine Relativbewegung zwischen den Nadeln 8 und dem Flächengebilde 2 zu minimieren. Um den Horizontalhub H zu bewirken, kann entweder ein am Nadelbrett 6 angreifender Nebenantrieb vorgesehen sein, oder die Antriebsvorrichtung 14 kann entsprechend ausgebildet bzw. auf eine bestimmte Art mit dem Nadelbalken 4 gekoppelt sein, wie es dem Fachmann bekannt ist.In order to avoid distortions forming in the fabric 2 while the needles 8 are in the fabric 2 and this is being moved further in a conveying direction F, the needle board 6 with the needles 8 can, in a preferred embodiment of a needling machine 1, make a horizontal stroke H parallel run to conveying direction F. The needle board 6 with the needles 8 can be moved in the conveying direction F together with the textile fabric 2 . In particular, while the needles 8 have pierced the textile fabric 2 , the needles 8 are moved with the fabric 2 in order to minimize relative movement between the needles 8 and the fabric 2 . In order to bring about the horizontal stroke H, either an auxiliary drive acting on the needle board 6 can be provided, or the drive device 14 can be designed accordingly or coupled to the needle bar 4 in a specific way, as is known to the person skilled in the art.

Das entstehende Produkt ist ein verfestigtes textiles Flächengebilde 16, zum Beispiel ein Vlies.The resulting product is a consolidated textile fabric 16, for example a fleece.

Dem Fachmann sind die unterschiedlichsten Formen von Nadelmaschinen 1 bekannt, darunter auch Doppelnadelmaschinen, bei denen von oben und von unten mittels zweier Nadelbalken 4 genadelt wird, Nadelmaschinen mit einem oder mehreren Nadelbrettern 6 pro Nadelbalken, oder Nadelmaschinen mit und ohne Horizontalhub. Es versteht sich, dass die vorliegende Erfindung bei unterschiedlichen Formen von Nadelmaschinen angewendet werden kann und nicht auf die hierin beschriebene Ausführungsform einer Nadelmaschine 1 beschränkt ist.A wide variety of needle looms 1 are known to those skilled in the art, including double-needle looms in which two needle bars 4 are used for needling from above and below, needling looms with one or more needle boards 6 per needle bar, or needling looms with and without a horizontal stroke. It is understood that the present invention can be applied to different forms of needling looms and is not limited to the embodiment of a needling loom 1 described herein.

In Fig. 2 bis 4 ist eine beispielhafte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Nadelmaschine in größerem Detail dargestellt. Bei der dargestellten Nadelmaschine handelt es sich um eine Doppelnadelmaschine mit einem oberen Nadelbrett 6 und einem unteren Nadelbrett 6. Hier haben die unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel 12 zugleich eine Niederhaltefunktion für die Nadeln 8 des unterhalb des Flächengebildes 2 angeordneten Nadelbretts 6. In einer solchen Konfiguration werden die Nadeln 8 beider Nadelbretter 6 abwechselnd in das textile Flächengebilde 2 eingestochen und behindern sich somit wegen des zeitlichen Versatzes der Einstichbewegungen nicht. In einem solchen Fall sind die Nadeln 8 an beiden Nadelbrettern 6 spiegelsymmetrisch zur zwischen den Nadelbrettern 6 liegenden Längsmittelebene angeordnet, sie können aber auch versetzt zueinander angeordnet sein.In Figures 2 to 4 an exemplary embodiment of the needle loom according to the invention is shown in greater detail. The needle machine shown is a double-needle machine with an upper needle board 6 and a lower needle board 6. Here, the lower support and guide means 12 also have a hold-down function for the needles 8 of the needle board 6 arranged below the fabric 2. In such a configuration, the needles 8 of both needle boards 6 are alternately pierced into the textile fabric 2 and thus impede one another the time lag of the lancing movements. In such a case, the needles 8 on both needle boards 6 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane lying between the needle boards 6, but they can also be arranged offset to one another.

In Fig. 2 bis 4 ist eine Einstichstellung der Nadeln 8 des oberen Nadelbretts 6 dargestellt, in der diese Nadeln 8 durch die Durchtrittsöffnungen 30, 32 in den oberen Stütz- und Führungsmitteln 10 und in den unteren Stütz- und Führungsmitteln 12 hindurchtreten. In einer Einstichstellung der Nadeln 8 des unteren Nadelbretts 6 wären die unteren Nadeln 8 entsprechend durch die Durchtrittsöffnungen 30, 32 hindurchgetreten. Die Nadeln 8 in Fig. 2 bis 4 sind aus Darstellungsgründen mit stumpfen Spitzen dargestellt. In Wirklichkeit sind die Spitzen der Nadeln 8 spitz.In Figures 2 to 4 a puncture position of the needles 8 of the upper needle board 6 is shown, in which these needles 8 pass through the passage openings 30, 32 in the upper support and guide means 10 and in the lower support and guide means 12. In a puncture position of the needles 8 of the lower needle board 6, the lower needles 8 would have passed through the passage openings 30, 32 accordingly. The needles 8 in Figures 2 to 4 are shown with blunt tips for clarity. In reality, the tips of the needles 8 are pointed.

Wie am besten aus Fig. 3 hervorgeht, sind die Nadeln 8 jeweils in Nadelmodulen 18 aufgenommen, die wiederum in Aufnahmen oder Trägern 20 des Nadelbretts 6 aufgenommen sind. Im dargestellten Beispielsfall sind C-förmige Träger 20 zur Aufnahme eines dickeren Abschnitts des Nadelmoduls 18 vorgesehen, Der Träger 20 weist an seinem offene Ende jeweils zwei Schultern auf, die sich nach innen aufeinander zu erstrecken. So entsteht nach Einschieben des Nadelmoduls 18 in den C-förmigen Träger 20 eine formschlüssige Verbindung, die eine Bewegung des Nadelmoduls 18 in Einstichrichtung E relativ zum Träger 20 verhindert.How best 3 As can be seen, the needles 8 are each accommodated in needle modules 18 which in turn are accommodated in receptacles or carriers 20 of the needle board 6 . In the example shown, C-shaped carriers 20 are provided for accommodating a thicker section of the needle module 18. The carrier 20 has two shoulders at its open end, which extend inwards toward one another. After the needle module 18 has been pushed into the C-shaped carrier 20 , a form-fitting connection is created which prevents movement of the needle module 18 in the puncture direction E relative to the carrier 20 .

Die Nadelmodule 18 können in Reihen und Spalten im Nadelbrett 6 angeordnet sein, wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht. Die Anordnung der Nadelmodule kann hierbei nahezu beliebig sein, solange die jeweiligen Nadeln 8 während der Einstichbewegung immer in Durchtrittsöffnungen 30, 32 der Stütz- und Führungsmittel 10, 12 treffen. In Förderrichtung F des textilen Flächengebildes 2 können auf diese Weise Nadelreihen mit mehreren Dutzend oder mehreren Hundert Nadeln 8 ausgebildet sein.The needle modules 18 can be arranged in rows and columns in the needle board 6, as shown in FIG 2 emerges. The arrangement of the needle modules can be almost arbitrary, as long as the respective needles 8 always hit through openings 30, 32 of the support and guide means 10, 12 during the lancing movement. In this way, rows of needles with several dozen or several hundred needles 8 can be formed in the conveying direction F of the textile fabric 2 .

Es ist aber auch denkbar, herkömmliche Nadelbretter 6 zu verwenden, bei denen die Nadeln direkt im Nadelbrett 6 eingebracht sind, aber keine Nadelmodule 18 vorliegen.However, it is also conceivable to use conventional needle boards 6 in which the needles are placed directly in the needle board 6 but no needle modules 18 are present.

Jeder Nadelbalken 4 kann genau ein Nadelbrett 6 aufweisen oder auch zwei oder mehrere Nadelbretter 6 aufweisen. Es können in Förderrichtung F auch mehrere Nadelmaschinen nacheinander angeordnet sein.Each needle bar 4 can have exactly one needle board 6 or also have two or more needle boards 6 . Several needling machines can also be arranged one after the other in the conveying direction F.

Wie am besten aus Fig. 4 sowie Fig. 6a und 6b hervorgeht, sind die oberen Stütz- und Führungsmittel 10 und die unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel 12 erfindungsgemäß jeweils durch parallel verlaufende, gespannte Drähte 22 gebildet. Die Drähte 22 verlaufen vorzugsweise in Förderrichtung F des textilen Flächengebildes 2. Die Anordnung der Drähte 22 in den oberen Stütz- und Führungsmitteln 10 und in den unteren Stütz- und Führungsmitteln 12 korrespondiert vorzugsweise miteinander, sodass auch die Durchtrittsöffnungen 30 hinsichtlich ihrer Anordnung mit den Durchtrittsöffnungen 32 korrespondieren. Wie aus den vergrößerten Draufsichten in Fig. 6a und Fig. 6b hervorgeht, haben die Durchtrittsöffnungen 30, 32 zwischen den Drähten 22 der oberen bzw. unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel 10, 12 eine Breite B von zwischen 0,5 mm und 10 mm. Die Drähte 22 der oberen bzw. unteren Stütz- und Führungsmittel 10, 12 weisen einen Durchmesser D von zwischen 0,4 mm und 2 mm auf.How best 4 such as Figures 6a and 6b As can be seen, the upper support and guide means 10 and the lower support and guide means 12 are each formed according to the invention by tensioned wires 22 running parallel. The wires 22 preferably run in the conveying direction F of the textile fabric 2. The arrangement of the wires 22 in the upper support and guide means 10 and in the lower support and guide means 12 preferably corresponds to one another, so that the through-openings 30 are also arranged with the through-openings 32 correspond. As can be seen from the enlarged plan views in Figures 6a and 6b shows, the passage openings 30, 32 between the wires 22 of the upper and lower supporting and guiding means 10, 12 have a width B of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm. The wires 22 of the upper and lower support and guide means 10, 12 respectively have a diameter D of between 0.4mm and 2mm.

In der vorliegenden Ausführungsform ist quer zur Förderrichtung F jeweils eine Nadel 8 korrespondierend mit einer Durchtrittsöffnung 30, 32 angeordnet. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass bei der Einstichbewegung der Nadeln 8 zwei oder mehr Nadeln 8 quer zur Förderrichtung F nebeneinander durch eine der Durchtrittsöffnungen 30, 32 hindurchtreten.In the present embodiment, a needle 8 corresponding to a passage opening 30, 32 is arranged transversely to the conveying direction F. However, it is also possible for two or more needles 8 to pass side by side transversely to the conveying direction F through one of the passage openings 30 , 32 during the puncture movement of the needles 8 .

Wie in Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellt ist, sind die Drähte 22 am vorderen bzw. hinteren Ende des Nadelbalkens 4 jeweils nach oben bzw. nach unten umgebogen und werden dort mittels geeigneter Spanneinrichtungen 24 (hier nur schematisch dargestellt) für jeden Draht 22 auf Spannung gebracht. Aus Fig. 2 ist nur der Drahtverlauf am hinteren Ende des Nadelbalkens 4 ersichtlich. Am vorderen Ende ist der Drahtverlauf symmetrisch hierzu. Wie ebenfalls aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht, ist zwischen der Spanneinrichtung 24 und der Vernadelungszone V eine Umlenkeinrichtung 26 vorgesehen, mittels derer der jeweilige Draht 22 um einen Winkel von zwischen 60° und 120°, bezogen auf seine Anordnung in der Vernadelungszone V, umgelenkt ist. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Winkel 90°. Somit ergibt sich für den Verlaufspfad der Drähte 22 eine U-Form.As in 2 is shown schematically, the wires 22 are bent upwards or downwards at the front and rear end of the needle bar 4 and are brought under tension for each wire 22 there by means of suitable tensioning devices 24 (shown only schematically here). Out of 2 only the course of the wire at the rear end of the needle bar 4 can be seen. At the front end, the wire course is symmetrical to this. How also from 2 shows, a deflection device 26 is provided between the tensioning device 24 and the needling zone V, by means of which the respective wire 22 is deflected by an angle of between 60° and 120°, based on its arrangement in the needling zone V. The angle is preferably 90°. This results in a U-shape for the course path of the wires 22 .

Schließlich umfasst die Nadelmaschine weiterhin eine Reinigungseinrichtung 28 für jeden Draht 22, die vorzugsweise stromabwärts der Vernadelungszone V angeordnet ist. Eine mögliche Ausgestaltung dieser Reinigungseinrichtung 28 ist in Fig. 5a und Fig. 5b dargestellt. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Reinigungseinrichtung 28 durch eine Nase 29 gebildet, die von oben bzw. von unten schräg in Richtung des jeweiligen Drahts 22 und schräg entgegen der Förderrichtung F verläuft und den Draht 22 berührt. Es ist bevorzugt, dass jede Nase 29 an ihrer Spitze eine Rille aufweist, in welcher der Draht 28 zumindest teilweise aufgenommen ist. Dadurch wird zusätzlich eine gute Führung der Drähte 22 sichergestellt. Mit einer solchen Anordnung können entlang eines Drahts 22 mitbewegte Fasern von der Nase 29 nach oben in eine Ausnehmung ausgeleitet werden, wodurch eine Verstopfung im Ausgangsbereich der Stütz- und Führungsmittel 10, 12 verhindert wird.Finally, the needling machine also includes a cleaning device 28 for each wire 22, which is preferably arranged downstream of the needling zone V. A possible configuration of this cleaning device 28 is shown in Figures 5a and 5b shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the cleaning device 28 is formed by a nose 29 which runs obliquely from above or from below in the direction of the respective wire 22 and obliquely counter to the conveying direction F and touches the wire 22 . It is preferred that each nose 29 has a groove at its tip, in which the wire 28 is at least partially accommodated. This also ensures good guidance of the wires 22 . With such an arrangement, fibers moving along a wire 22 can be guided upwards from the nose 29 into a recess, thereby preventing a blockage in the exit area of the support and guide means 10, 12.

Es kann notwendig sein, dass die Reinigungseinrichtung 28 weitere Komponenten umfasst, die dafür Sorge tragen, dass die in die Ausnehmungen ausgeleiteten Fasern von dort dauerhaft entfernt werden. Hierfür kommen beispielsweise Bürsten oder Blasvorrichtungen in Frage.It may be necessary for the cleaning device 28 to include additional components that ensure that the fibers that are routed into the recesses are permanently removed from there. Brushes or blowers, for example, can be used for this.

Wie in Fig. 5a und 5b dargestellt, kann die Reinigungseinrichtung 28 auch einstückig mit der Umlenkeinrichtung 26 oder mit einem Abschnitt der Umlenkeinrichtung 26 verbunden sein.As in Figures 5a and 5b shown, the cleaning device 28 can also be connected in one piece to the deflection device 26 or to a section of the deflection device 26 .

Wenn im Rahmen der Erfindung mehrere Nadelbretter 6 nacheinander angeordnet sind oder mehrere Nadelmaschinen 2 nacheinander angeordnet sind, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Nadelreihen des nachfolgenden Nadelbretts 6 jeweils zu den Nadelreihen des vorangestellten Nadelbretts 6 in einer Richtung quer zur Förderrichtung F versetzt angeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise erhält man ein besonders gleichmäßiges Stichbild.If, within the scope of the invention, several needle boards 6 are arranged one after the other or several needling machines 2 are arranged one after the other, it is advantageous if the rows of needles of the following needle board 6 are offset in relation to the rows of needles of the preceding needle board 6 in a direction transverse to the conveying direction F. In this way, a particularly even stitch pattern is obtained.

Claims (15)

  1. Needle loom for needling a textile planar structure (2), comprising:
    at least one needle beam (4) which is disposed in a needling zone (V) and on which at least one needle board (6) is disposed, wherein a multiplicity of needles (8) protrude from the at least one needle board (6);
    at least one drive device (14) for the at least one needle beam (4), said drive device (14) being designed to move the at least one needle beam (4) at least in a reciprocating up and down lift movement; and
    upper and lower supporting and guiding means (10, 12) for the textile planar structure (2), said supporting and guiding means (10, 12) extending at least in the region of the needling zone (V), wherein an intermediate space (7) for the textile planar structure (2) to pass through is formed between the upper supporting and guiding means (10) and the lower supporting and guiding means (12);
    wherein the upper supporting and guiding means (10) are in each case formed by a multiplicity of tensioned wires (22) disposed in parallel, upper passage openings (30) for the needles (8) of the at least one needle board (6) being disposed therebetween; and
    wherein the lower supporting and guiding means (12) are in each case formed by a multiplicity of tensioned wires (22) disposed in parallel, lower passage openings (32) for the needles (8) of the at least one needle board (6) being disposed therebetween;
    characterized in that
    the wires (22) of the upper and the lower supporting and guiding means (10, 12) are mounted in such a manner that said wires (22) are immovable in a conveying direction (F) of the needle loom.
  2. Needle loom according to Claim 1, characterized in that the number of wires (22) of the upper supporting and guiding means (10) that are disposed next to one another is at least 250 per metre working width transverse to the conveying direction (F), preferably at least 400 per metre working width, more preferably at least 500 per metre working width, and in that the multiplicity of wires (22) of the lower supporting and guiding means (12) that are disposed next to one another is at least 250 per metre working width transverse to the conveying direction (F), preferably at least 400 per metre working width, more preferably at least 500 per metre working width.
  3. Needle loom according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wires (22) of the upper supporting and guiding means (10) and the wires (22) of the lower supporting and guiding means (12) run so as to be mutually parallel and preferably in the conveying direction (F).
  4. Needle loom according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wires of the upper supporting and guiding means (10) and/or the wires of the lower supporting and guiding means (12) in the needling zone (V) per se, i.e. without additional structural elements, form a stripper plate, or a stitching plate, respectively, of the needle loom.
  5. Needle loom according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wires (22) of the upper supporting and guiding means (10) and the wires (22) of the lower supporting and guiding means (12) are conjointly aligned in the vertical direction.
  6. Needle loom according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper passage openings (30) between the wires (22) of the upper supporting and guiding means (10) have a width (B) of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.7 mm and 8 mm, more preferably between 0.8 mm and 5 mm, and/or in that the lower passage openings (32) between the wires (22) of the lower supporting and guiding means (12) have a width (B) of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.7 mm and 8 mm, more preferably between 0.8 mm and 5 mm.
  7. Needle loom according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wires (22) of the upper supporting and guiding means (10) have a diameter (D) of between 0.4 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, more preferably between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm, and/or in that the wires (22) of the lower supporting and guiding means (12) have a diameter (D) of between 0.4 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, more preferably between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm.
  8. Needle loom according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the needles (8) are disposed in rows, wherein the rows run so as to be parallel to a direction of extent of the wires (22) of the upper supporting and guiding means (10), and wherein the rows are disposed at a mutual spacing which corresponds to a spacing of the wires (22) of the upper supporting and guiding means (10).
  9. Needle loom according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said needle loom furthermore has one cleaning installation (28) for each wire (22).
  10. Needle loom according to Claim 9, characterized in that the cleaning installation (28) is disposed downstream of the needling zone (V).
  11. Needle loom according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the cleaning installation (28) has a nose (29) which, on a side of the respective wire (22) that faces away from the intermediate space (7) formed between the upper and lower supporting and guiding means (10, 12), runs in each case obliquely in the direction of the respective wire (22) and contacts the latter.
  12. Needle loom according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said needle loom furthermore has one tensioning installation (24) for each wire (22).
  13. Needle loom according to Claim 12, characterized in that a deflection installation (26) for each wire (22), by means of which installation the respective wire (22) in terms of the disposal thereof in the needling zone (V) is deflected at an angle of between 60° and 120°, preferably between 70° and 110°, more preferably between 80° and 100°, is provided between the tensioning installation (24) and the needling zone (V).
  14. Needle loom according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the needles (8) in each needle board (6) are disposed at a density of at least 500 needles/dm2, preferably at least 1000 needles/dm2, more preferably at least 1500 needles/dm2.
  15. Needle loom according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the needles (8) are disposed in needle modules (18), wherein each needle module (18) has a multiplicity of needles (8), and wherein the needle modules (18) are received in recesses or carriers (20) of the at least one needle board (6).
EP20193058.3A 2020-04-17 2020-08-27 Needle machine Active EP3896207B1 (en)

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US17/209,963 US11384460B2 (en) 2020-04-17 2021-03-23 Needlepunching machine
CN202110400362.XA CN113529284B (en) 2020-04-17 2021-04-14 Needle machine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4202099A1 (en) * 2021-12-22 2023-06-28 Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik KG Needle board and method of mounting a needle board
EP4382652A1 (en) * 2022-12-08 2024-06-12 Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik KG Needling machine and method for equipping and operating same

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US2974393A (en) * 1959-01-08 1961-03-14 Du Pont Apparatus for needle punching sheet materials
US3538564A (en) * 1968-04-12 1970-11-10 Union Carbide Corp Method of making a nonwoven fabric
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EP3165660B1 (en) * 2015-11-06 2018-05-23 Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik KG Needle board
CN110295458B (en) * 2019-07-31 2024-08-02 上海应用技术大学 Needle machine with single main shaft and double driving needle plates for non-woven fabric

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PL3896206T3 (en) 2023-04-11
CN113529284A (en) 2021-10-22
US20210324558A1 (en) 2021-10-21
ES2936633T3 (en) 2023-03-21
EP3896207A1 (en) 2021-10-20
EP3896206B1 (en) 2022-12-14
EP3896206A1 (en) 2021-10-20
US11384460B2 (en) 2022-07-12

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