DE1435767B1 - NEEDLED TEXTILE PRODUCTS MADE FROM A FLEECE OF LOOSE HISTORICAL FIBERS AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - Google Patents
NEEDLED TEXTILE PRODUCTS MADE FROM A FLEECE OF LOOSE HISTORICAL FIBERS AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAMEInfo
- Publication number
- DE1435767B1 DE1435767B1 DE19631435767 DE1435767A DE1435767B1 DE 1435767 B1 DE1435767 B1 DE 1435767B1 DE 19631435767 DE19631435767 DE 19631435767 DE 1435767 A DE1435767 A DE 1435767A DE 1435767 B1 DE1435767 B1 DE 1435767B1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fleece
- needles
- fibers
- textile
- web
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
1 21 2
Es sind genadelte Textilwaren aus einem Vlies von welche jeweils einen Vorschubschritt vorher durch lose geschichteten Fasern bekannt, welche von fort- die von der anderen Seite eingestochenen Nadeln gelaufenden gleichförmigen Ketten aus miteinander ver- bildet worden sind.They are needled textile goods made from a fleece, each of which has to go through one feed step beforehand loosely layered fibers are known which run away from the needles inserted from the other side uniform chains have been formed from one another.
schlungenen, sich in Längsrichtung der Textilbahn Zweckmäßig erfolgt der Einstichhub der Nadeln
erstreckenden Fasergruppen durchzogen sind. Bisher 5 durch das Vlies so weit, daß die Nadeln auch auf die
wurde solche genadelte Textilware in der Weise her- jeweils gegenüberliegende Oberfläche des Vlieses eingestellt,
daß die lose geschichteten Fasern eines Faser- wirken und diese durchstechen. Hierdurch wird eine
vlieses einer Nadelbehandlung unterworfen wurden, besonders günstige Verschlingung der Fasern, inswobei
die Nadeln eines Nadelstuhles das Vlies von besondere an der Oberfläche der Textilware erreicht,
beiden Seiten durchstechen und auf diese Weise eine io so daß diese besonders widerstandsfähig ist.
Ausrichtung der Fasern zustande kommt. Das Vlies Der Vliesvorschub erfolgt zweckmäßig um einen
mußte dabei den Nadelstuhl mehrfach durchlaufen, solchen Betrag, daß pro Zentimeter Vlieslänge und
um die Fasern wiederholt auszurichten. Trotz dieser -breite die gleiche Einstichzahl zustande kommt,
mehrfachen Behandlung in dem Nadelstuhl ergab Die Textilware gemäß der Erfindung und das Versich
jedoch kein guter Zusammenhalt der Fasern in 15 fahren zur Herstellung derselben ist auf den Zeichdem
Endprodukt, so daß dieses keine ausreichende nungen beispielsweise dargestellt und erläutert. Es
Formbeständigkeit besaß und die Verwendung des zeigtlooped, in the longitudinal direction of the textile web expediently takes place the piercing stroke of the needles extending fiber groups are traversed. So far 5 through the fleece so far that the needles were also set on the needled textile goods in such a way - in each case opposite surface of the fleece that the loosely layered fibers of a fiber act and pierce them. As a result, a fleece is subjected to a needle treatment, particularly favorable interlacing of the fibers, whereby the needles of a needle loom reach the fleece from special on the surface of the textile product, pierce both sides and in this way an io so that it is particularly resistant.
Alignment of the fibers comes about. The fleece The fleece feed is expediently carried out by one had to pass through the needle loom several times, such an amount that per centimeter of fleece length and to align the fibers repeatedly. Despite this width, the same number of punctures is achieved,
However, multiple treatment in the needle loom resulted in the textile product according to the invention and the insurance not having good cohesion of the fibers. It possessed dimensional stability and shows the use of the
Produktes beispielsweise als Schlaf decke nicht möglich Fig. 1 einen vergrößerten senkrechten SchnittProduct not possible, for example, as a sleeping blanket. FIG. 1 is an enlarged vertical section
war. Auf keinen Fall war ein Aufrauhen der Ober- durch eine Maschine zur Herstellung der erfindungs-was. In no case was a roughening of the top by a machine for the production of the invention
flächen möglich, da hierdurch die Fasern aus dem 20 gemäßen Textilware,surfaces possible, as this means that the fibers from the textile goods,
Vlies herausgezogen worden wären. Der Zusammen- F i g. 2 und 3 aufeinanderfolgende Teilschritte derFleece would have been pulled out. The summary 2 and 3 successive substeps of the
hang der Fasern bei den in der bekannten Weise her- kettenförmigen Faserverschlingung, während dasslope of the fibers in the known manner in the form of a chain-shaped fiber loop, while the
gestellten Textilwaren war auch insofern unzuläng- Vlies durch die Maschine geführt wird,Textile goods provided were also inadequate - fleece is fed through the machine,
lieh, daß Waschbehandlungen der Ware nicht des F i g. 4 die Ansicht einer kombinierten Verflech-lent that washing treatments of the goods are not of F i g. 4 the view of a combined interlacing
öfteren durchgeführt werden konnten. 25 tung und Verschlingung der Fasern innerhalb descould be carried out more often. 25 direction and entanglement of the fibers within the
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, die genadelte Vlieses,It is therefore the object of the invention to provide the needled fleece,
Textilware gemäß dem Oberbegriff dahingehend zu F i g. 5 die schematische Darstellung des Nadelverbessern,
daß sie besonders feste Faserverschlingun- weges durch das Vlies, wie er sich aus der teilweisen
gen aufweist, so daß die Ware oberflächlich auf- Überlagerung von Nadelbewegung und Vliesvorschub
gerauht werden kann, formbeständig ist und wieder- 30 ergibt,
holt gewaschen und gereinigt werden kann. F i g. 6 eine auseinandergezogene, schematischeTextile goods according to the preamble to FIG. 5 the schematic representation of the needle improvement that it has particularly firm fiber looping path through the fleece, as it is shown in the partial conditions, so that the surface of the goods can be roughened, is dimensionally stable and again results ,
fetches washed and can be cleaned. F i g. 6 is an exploded, schematic
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Fasern Darstellung unmittelbar benachbarter, sich in Längs-This object is achieved in that the fibers represent directly adjacent, longitudinally
der miteinander verschlungenen Fasergruppen in der richtung des Vlieses erstreckender Faserreihen, diethe intertwined fiber groups in the direction of the fleece extending fiber rows, the
Nähe der einen Oberfläche der Textilbahn im wesent- kettenförmig ineinandergreifen,The vicinity of one surface of the textile web interlocking essentially in the form of a chain,
liehen parallel zu dieser Oberfläche und der Längs- 35 F i g. 7 eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäßeborrowed parallel to this surface and the longitudinal 35 F i g. 7 is a plan view of the inventive
richtung der Textilbahn und anschließend quer durch Textilware nach dem Nadeln und vor dem Rauhen,direction of the textile web and then across textile goods after needling and before roughening,
die Bahn zu der anderen Oberfläche hin verlaufen, wobei die einzelnen Reihen schwach sichtbar sind,the track run towards the other surface, with the individual rows being faintly visible,
wo sie mit Fasern aus der anderen Oberfläche, die Ein Vlies 10 aus lose geschichteten Fasern wandertwhere they with fibers from the other surface, the A fleece 10 of loosely layered fibers migrates
sich parallel zu dieser Oberfläche und der Länge der durch den Aufnahmeschacht 30 zwischen den Füh-parallel to this surface and the length of the through the receiving shaft 30 between the guide
Bahn erstrecken, verschlungen sind und von wo aus 40 rungsplatten 32 und 34 in Richtung des Pfeiles A Web extend, are intertwined and from where 40 guide plates 32 and 34 in the direction of arrow A
sie zu der ersten Oberfläche zusammen mit den schrittweise durch die Nadelmaschine hindurch. Derthem to the first surface together with the step-by-step through the needle loom. Of the
Fasern der anderen Oberfläche geführt sind, welche schrittweise Vorschub des Vlieses 10 ist der BewegungFibers of the other surface are guided, which is the gradual advance of the fleece 10 of the movement
ihrerseits wiederum mit zur ersten Oberfläche paral- der Nadeln 26 und 28 so zugeordnet, daß jeder derin turn associated with the needles 26 and 28 parallel to the first surface so that each of the
lelen Fasern verschlungen sind. Nadelsätze die Oberfläche des Vlieses anfänglich Λ lelen fibers are intertwined. Needle sets the surface of the fleece initially Λ
Vorteilhafterweise sind die von der einen zur ande- 45 durchdringt, während das Vlies den Vorschubschritt " ren Oberfläche verlaufenden Fasern im wesentlichen durchführt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die der Obersenkrecht zu diesen Oberflächen gerichtet. fläche benachbarten Fasern von den Nadelspitzen er-Advantageously, they are penetrated from one to the other, while the nonwoven passes the feed step " Ren surface extending fibers essentially carries out. This has the consequence that the upper perpendicular directed towards these surfaces. surface adjacent fibers from the needle tips
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungs- griffen und eine kurze Strecke lang in praktisch waagegemäßen
Textilware, bei welchem das Vlies durch rechter Richtung bewegt werden. Danach wird das
eine sich verjüngende Führung schrittweise vor- 50 Vlies angehalten und die Nadeln 26 bzw. 28 jeweils
geschoben und von entgegengesetzten Seiten inner- des Nadelsatzes 22 oder 24, der gerade eindringt, sethalb
der Führung zunächst von der einen und dann zen die senkrechte Durchdringung des Vlieses fort,
von der anderen Seite wechselseitig eindringende wobei die Widerhaken 42 sowohl einige der nahe der
Nadelsätze behandelt wird, wobei die schrittweise Oberfläche gelegenen Fasern, die zuvor waagrecht
Vorschubbewegung des Vlieses in Abhängigkeit von 55 ausgerichtet wurden als auch einige andere, nicht
der Nadelbewegung gesteuert wird, ist dadurch ge- ausgerichtete Fasern, die nahe der Oberfläche erfaßt
kennzeichnet, daß jeweils in der Anfangsphase des wurden, auf dem Wege der Nadeln durch das Vlies
Einstichhubes der wechselseitig eindringenden Nadel- hindurch mit sich nehmen. Nachdem die Nadeln des
sätze das Vlies in Vorschubbewegung ist, während Nadelsatzes 22 oder 24 das Vlies vollständig durchin
der Endphase des Einstichhubes und während des 60 stochen haben, so daß ihr unterster Widerhaken 42
Rückhubes der Nadelsätze das Vlies stillsteht, wobei unmittelbar neben der Oberfläche der Textilware liegt
die Nadeln ihren im wesentlichen senkrecht verlaufen- oder nicht weiter als etwa 13 mm aus dieser Oberden
Einstich zumindest bis in die Nähe der gegen- fläche herausragt, werden die Nadeln wieder zurücküberliegenden
Oberfläche durchführen, und daß der gezogen, während das Vlies immer noch still steht,
schrittweise Vorschub des Vlieses um einen solchen 65 Nachdem die Nadeln 26 aus dem Vlies heraus-Betrag
erfolgt, daß der Einstich der Nadeln in der gezogen worden sind und die Durchdringung durch
Anfangsphase von der einen Seite jeweils durch den die Nadeln 28 eingeleitet wird, macht das Vlies einen
geballten Teil der Faserschlaufen hindurch erfolgt, weiteren Vorschubschritt in Richtung des Pfeiles A. The method for producing the invention handles and a short distance in practically horizontal textile goods, in which the fleece are moved in the right direction. Then the one tapered guide is gradually stopped in front of 50 fleece and the needles 26 or 28 are pushed and from opposite sides within the needle set 22 or 24, which is just penetrating, first from one of the guides and then the vertical one Penetration of the fleece continues, mutually penetrating from the other side, whereby the barbs 42 are treated both some of the close to the needle sets, whereby the step-wise surface fibers, which were previously aligned horizontally advancing movement of the fleece as a function of 55 as well as some others, not the Needle movement is controlled, is characterized by aligned fibers that are detected near the surface that in each case in the initial phase of the needle penetration stroke of the alternately penetrating needle through the fleece on the way of the needles. After the needles of the sets the fleece is in feed motion, while needle set 22 or 24 have pierced the fleece completely through in the end phase of the piercing stroke and during the 60, so that their lowest barbs 42 return stroke of the needle sets the fleece stands still, immediately next to the surface of the Textile goods if the needles run essentially vertically or no further than about 13 mm protrudes from this. The puncture protrudes at least up to the vicinity of the opposite surface, the needles will pass through the back surface, and that the pulled while the fleece is still stands still
step-by-step advance of the fleece by such a 65 after the needles 26 out of the fleece takes place that the puncture of the needles in the have been pulled and the penetration through the initial phase from the one side through which the needles 28 is initiated, does that Fleece is carried out through a concentrated part of the fiber loops, further feed step in the direction of arrow A.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US31910A US3090100A (en) | 1960-05-26 | 1960-05-26 | Method of needle punching fibers to make needled fabrics or the like |
US146675A US3112548A (en) | 1960-05-26 | 1961-09-26 | Needle punch machine |
CH1425866A CH492057A (en) | 1960-05-26 | 1962-08-02 | Fleece web needled on both sides |
DEC0028957 | 1963-01-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1435767B1 true DE1435767B1 (en) | 1971-07-01 |
Family
ID=27429549
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19611435763 Pending DE1435763B1 (en) | 1960-05-26 | 1961-05-26 | Method and device for the production of a needled product from a fleece of loosely layered fibers |
DE19631435767 Pending DE1435767B1 (en) | 1960-05-26 | 1963-01-21 | NEEDLED TEXTILE PRODUCTS MADE FROM A FLEECE OF LOOSE HISTORICAL FIBERS AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19611435763 Pending DE1435763B1 (en) | 1960-05-26 | 1961-05-26 | Method and device for the production of a needled product from a fleece of loosely layered fibers |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3090100A (en) |
BE (1) | BE627896A (en) |
CH (1) | CH432451A (en) |
DE (2) | DE1435763B1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB923762A (en) |
NL (2) | NL129769C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2303061A1 (en) * | 1972-01-28 | 1973-08-02 | Fiberwoven Corp | NEEDLED TEXTILE MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR FOR USE AS ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, AND A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A NEEDLED TEXTILE MATERIAL |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB992895A (en) * | 1963-01-11 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US3260640A (en) * | 1965-03-04 | 1966-07-12 | Beacon Mfg Co | Stitched and needled non-woven fabric |
NL128503C (en) * | 1965-03-04 | 1900-01-01 | ||
JPS4213581Y1 (en) * | 1965-08-17 | 1967-08-02 | ||
US3602967A (en) * | 1970-06-01 | 1971-09-07 | Singer Co | Twin-action felting machine |
US3906599A (en) * | 1972-01-28 | 1975-09-23 | Fiberwoven Corp | Method for producing a needled fabric having improved fiber entanglement |
IT1235531B (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1992-09-09 | Caipo Eng Syst | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR JOINING FIBERS COLLECTED IN TAPES FOR THE SUPPLY OF TEXTILE MACHINES |
US5436064A (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1995-07-25 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Stiff fabric composite |
FR2669941B1 (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1993-03-19 | Europ Propulsion | INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING NEEDLE FIBROUS PREFORMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS MADE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL. |
AT400043B (en) * | 1994-03-23 | 1995-09-25 | Fehrer Ernst | DEVICE FOR NEEDING A FLEECE |
IT1280805B1 (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1998-02-11 | Fonderie Officine Riunite F O | TEXTILE FIBER CARDING SYSTEM. |
US8438633B1 (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2013-05-07 | Seven Networks, Inc. | Flexible real-time inbox access |
CA2613898A1 (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-12 | Freudenberg Nonwovens, L.P. | Highloft needlepunched nonwovens |
JP2012140886A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-26 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Mat, method for manufacturing mat, and exhaust gas purification apparatus |
US9828708B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-11-28 | Affco | Method and apparatus for producing nonwoven materials |
FR3098830B1 (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2022-09-09 | Andritz Asselin Thibeau | Elliptical movement needling machine, table for such a needling machine and method of manufacturing such a table |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2377564A (en) * | 1942-09-18 | 1945-06-05 | Thomas A Unsworth | Interlacing needle loom |
US2896302A (en) * | 1955-12-12 | 1959-07-28 | Albany Felt Co | Needle loom |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US547257A (en) * | 1895-10-01 | Apparatus for manufacturing felted fabrics | ||
US476405A (en) * | 1892-06-07 | Machine foe interlacing cueled hoese haib | ||
US1314565A (en) * | 1919-09-02 | billington | ||
BE563963A (en) * | ||||
US502376A (en) * | 1893-08-01 | Fritz ochs | ||
US742700A (en) * | 1902-12-22 | 1903-10-27 | American Interlaced Horse Collar Company | Interlooped fabric. |
US1211821A (en) * | 1916-09-05 | 1917-01-09 | Morris & Company | Machine for interlacing curled hair. |
US1454049A (en) * | 1921-02-11 | 1923-05-08 | Morris & Company | Upholstery material |
US1706535A (en) * | 1927-01-31 | 1929-03-26 | Curtis & Marble Machine Compan | Needle felting machine |
US1742338A (en) * | 1927-09-08 | 1930-01-07 | American Hair & Felt Company | Method of making carpet cushions |
US1857281A (en) * | 1930-03-24 | 1932-05-10 | American Hair & Felt Company | Gun wad material |
GB375540A (en) * | 1931-06-19 | 1932-06-30 | Arnold Gladstone Sladdin | Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of felt |
GB790118A (en) * | 1954-10-28 | 1958-02-05 | H A Howard Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the preparation of hair or other fibres for upholstery or other purposes |
US2896303A (en) * | 1958-04-16 | 1959-07-28 | Hunter James Machine Co | Needle loom |
-
0
- NL NL281067D patent/NL281067A/xx unknown
- BE BE627896D patent/BE627896A/xx unknown
- NL NL129769D patent/NL129769C/xx active
-
1960
- 1960-05-26 US US31910A patent/US3090100A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1961
- 1961-05-10 GB GB16958/61A patent/GB923762A/en not_active Expired
- 1961-05-26 DE DE19611435763 patent/DE1435763B1/en active Pending
- 1961-09-26 US US146675A patent/US3112548A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1962
- 1962-08-02 CH CH925162A patent/CH432451A/en unknown
- 1962-09-22 GB GB36122/62A patent/GB950260A/en not_active Expired
-
1963
- 1963-01-21 DE DE19631435767 patent/DE1435767B1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2377564A (en) * | 1942-09-18 | 1945-06-05 | Thomas A Unsworth | Interlacing needle loom |
US2896302A (en) * | 1955-12-12 | 1959-07-28 | Albany Felt Co | Needle loom |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2303061A1 (en) * | 1972-01-28 | 1973-08-02 | Fiberwoven Corp | NEEDLED TEXTILE MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR FOR USE AS ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, AND A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A NEEDLED TEXTILE MATERIAL |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3090100A (en) | 1963-05-21 |
NL129769C (en) | 1900-01-01 |
GB923762A (en) | 1963-04-18 |
NL281067A (en) | 1900-01-01 |
US3112548A (en) | 1963-12-03 |
GB950260A (en) | 1964-02-26 |
DE1435763B1 (en) | 1971-03-11 |
CH432451A (en) | 1967-03-31 |
BE627896A (en) | 1900-01-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 |