EP3372660A1 - High temperature lubricants - Google Patents
High temperature lubricants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3372660A1 EP3372660A1 EP18000076.2A EP18000076A EP3372660A1 EP 3372660 A1 EP3372660 A1 EP 3372660A1 EP 18000076 A EP18000076 A EP 18000076A EP 3372660 A1 EP3372660 A1 EP 3372660A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- group
- temperature
- mixture
- hydrogenated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 trimellitic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920006007 hydrogenated polyisobutylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002149 estolides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005007 materials handling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 125000005590 trimellitic acid group Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous trimellitic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 48
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sarcosine Chemical compound C[NH2+]CC([O-])=O FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940114072 12-hydroxystearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010077895 Sarcosine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIABEENURMZTTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-[(2-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O JIABEENURMZTTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIOYAVUHUXAUPX-ZHACJKMWSA-N 2-[methyl-[(e)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC(O)=O DIOYAVUHUXAUPX-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-7-fluoroquinazolin-4-amine Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC2=C1 FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHTAIMJOUCYGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-n-(2-ethylhexyl)-n-[(4-methylbenzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]hexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CN(CC(CC)CCCC)CC(CC)CCCC)N=NC2=C1C DHTAIMJOUCYGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS(O)(=O)=O TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 102100039496 Choline transporter-like protein 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004252 FT/ICR mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BACYUWVYYTXETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Lauroylsarcosine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC(O)=O BACYUWVYYTXETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/02—Well-defined hydrocarbons
- C10M105/06—Well-defined hydrocarbons aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
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Definitions
- the invention relates to high temperature lubricants, especially oils and fats based on an aromatic ester, such as a trimellitic acid ester and mixtures of various trimellitic acid esters, alkylaromatics, estolides and a fully hydrogenated or hydrogenated polyisobutylene or a mixture thereof, a thickener.
- the invention further relates to the use of this high temperature grease for continuous use temperatures of up to 250 ° C.
- the lubricants must fulfill a variety of other tasks: they must cool, reduce friction, wear and power transmission, protect against corrosion and at the same time have a sealing effect.
- the high temperature greases should be quiet.
- Synthetic esters are often used as base oils for high-temperature applications since they have very good oxidative, hydrolytic and thermal stability.
- the lubricants In order to meet the diverse requirements of high-temperature applications, the lubricants must have, among other things, high stability, low friction coefficients and high wear resistance. In order to ensure uniform lubrication even at high temperatures, a liquid lubricant film must remain between metal parts during the entire processing process. Therefore, the lubricant must evaporate only slightly at the maximum processing temperature, form little residue and form as few cracking residues as possible.
- lubricants ensure that a separating, load-transmitting lubricating film is built up between sliding or rolling parts. This ensures that the metallic surfaces do not touch and thus no wear occurs.
- the lubricants must therefore meet high requirements. These include extreme Operating conditions such as very high or very low speeds, high temperatures due to high speeds or foreign heating, very low temperatures, for example, in camps that operate in cold environments or that occur in aerospace applications. Likewise, the modern lubricants under so-called clean room conditions should be used to avoid the pollution of the room by the abrasion or the consumption of lubricants.
- Lubricants are also subject to special requirements in the application to the effect that the running surfaces of the bearings are not attacked by low friction, run the storage surfaces quiet, and long running times are achieved without relubrication. Also, lubricants must withstand the effects of force such as centrifugal force, gravity and vibration.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a high temperature oil and high temperature grease which meets the above requirements.
- the Vercrackungs Wegwarnote formed should not lend, but be redissolvable by fresh fat.
- the high-temperature lubricant should have a good hydrolytic stability, corrosion and wear resistant, as well as have a good oxidation resistance and adapted to the requirement good low temperature behavior. This is defined by the pour point for lubricating oils and by the flow pressure at low temperatures for lubricating greases.
- the high-temperature grease should show good noise behavior, have long maturities and cause substantially no signs of wear of the devices.
- the high-temperature oil according to the invention and the high-temperature fat according to the invention are distinguished by outstanding performance.
- the high-temperature oil or high-temperature grease according to the invention exhibits high thermal stability combined with a long service life and good lubricating properties.
- the high-temperature oil according to the invention comprises as ester compound an estolide or a mixture of different estolides or an aliphatically substituted naphthalene or a mixture of different aliphatically substituted naphthalenes.
- estolides are ester compounds which are acid or enzymatically catalyzed from fatty acids, preferably oleic acid or dicarboxylic acids, or a mixture of both.
- the acid function attacks the double bond of an adjacent oil fatty acid molecule, resulting in a higher molecular weight ester compound.
- the terminal acid group is then usually esterified with an alcohol, preferably 2-ethyl-hexanol and then the remaining double bonds are hydrogenated or esterified with carboxylic acid, for example acetic acid.
- alcohols such as isoamyl alcohol or Guebert alcohols are also conceivable for the esterification of the terminal acid group.
- estolides can also be synthesized via a condensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids or a condensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids with fatty acids, for example oleic acid or stearic acid derivatives.
- the chain length of the hydroxycarboxylic acids or unsaturated acids used can range from C 6 to C 54 .
- the acids may contain other functional groups such as amines, ethers, sulfur-containing groups.
- the high temperature oil of the invention may contain a second oil comprising an alkylaromatic.
- an aromatic is used.
- an aromatic means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having four to fifteen carbon atoms, the monocyclic ring system being aromatic or at least one of the rings being aromatic in a bi- or tricylic ring system.
- Preference is given to using a bicyclic ring system which preferably has 10 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic is substituted with one or more aliphatic substituents.
- Particularly preferred is the aromatic having one to four aliphatic substituents and in particular having two or three aliphatic substituents substituted.
- An alkyl group according to the invention is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 4 to 17 and especially 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group may be linear or branched and is optionally substituted with one or more of the abovementioned substituents.
- the lubricating oil particularly preferably contains at least one aliphatically substituted naphthalene, in particular at least one alkyl-substituted naphthalene.
- the naphthalene is substituted with one to four aliphatic substituents and in particular with two or three aliphatic substituents.
- the viscosity, measured at 40 ° C, of the aliphatically substituted naphthalene is preferably 30 to 600 mm 2 / s, more preferably 30 to 300 m 2 / s.
- the high temperature oil of the invention further comprises a polyisobutylene.
- a polyisobutylene By suitable choice of the polyisobutylene, in particular with regard to the degree of hydrogenation and molecular weight, the properties of the oil according to the invention, for example its kinematic viscosity and, above all, its formation of residues, can be influenced in a desired manner.
- the polyisobutylene can be used in hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated form, as well as a mixture of hydrogenated and fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene can be used. Fully hydrogenated polyisobutylenes are preferably used.
- the Polyisobutylene is present in an amount of 6 to 45 wt .-% in the composition, preferably 10 to 45 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 45 wt .-% are used.
- the high-temperature oil according to the invention further comprises from 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, additives which are used individually or in combination and from the group consisting of anti-corrosion additives, antioxidants, anti-wear additives, UV stabilizers, inorganic or organic solid lubricants selected.
- the high-temperature fat of the present invention comprises as an ester compound a trimellitic acid ester or a mixture of various trimellitic acid esters, wherein the alcoholic group of the ester is a linear or branched alkyl group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the properties of the lubricant for example the viscosity, the viscosity-temperature behavior, the oxidation resistance and residue behavior can be adjusted.
- the high temperature grease of the invention may contain a second oil comprising an alkyl aromatic.
- an aromatic is used.
- an aromatic means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having four to fifteen carbon atoms, the monocyclic ring system being aromatic or at least one of the rings being aromatic in a bi- or tricylic ring system.
- Preference is given to using a bicyclic ring system which preferably has 10 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic is substituted with one or more aliphatic substituents.
- the aromatic is particularly preferably substituted by one to four aliphatic substituents and in particular by two or three aliphatic substituents.
- An alkyl group according to the invention is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 4 to 17 and especially 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group may be linear or branched and is optionally substituted with one or more of the abovementioned substituents.
- the lubricating grease particularly preferably contains at least one aliphatically substituted naphthalene, in particular at least one alkyl-substituted naphthalene.
- the naphthalene is substituted with one to four aliphatic substituents and in particular with two or three aliphatic substituents.
- the viscosity, measured at 40 ° C, of the aliphatically substituted naphthalene is preferably 30 to 600 mm 2 / s, more preferably 30 to 300 m 2 / s.
- estolides can also be used.
- Preferred viscosities, measured at 40 ° C are between 30 and 500 mm 2 / sec. Viscosities of 30 to 140 mm 2 / sec are particularly preferred.
- the high-temperature grease according to the invention further comprises a polyisobutylene.
- a polyisobutylene By suitable choice of the polyisobutylene, in particular with regard to the degree of hydrogenation and molecular weight, the properties of the fat according to the invention, for example its kinematic viscosity, can be influenced in a desired manner.
- the polyisobutylene can be used in hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated form, as well as a mixture of hydrogenated and fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene can be used. Fully hydrogenated polyisobutylenes are preferably used.
- the polyisobutylene is in an amount of 6 to 45 wt .-% in the composition, preferably 10 to 45 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 45 wt .-% are used.
- the polyisobutylene has a number average molecular weight of 115 to 10,000 g / mol, preferably from 160 to 5000 g / mol.
- the high-temperature fat according to the invention further comprises from 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, additives which are used individually or in combination and from the group consisting of corrosion protection additives, antioxidants, anti-wear additives, UV stabilizers, inorganic or organic solid lubricants selected.
- the high-temperature fat according to the invention also comprises a thickener.
- the thickener in the high-temperature grease of the lubricant composition according to the invention is either a reaction product of a diisocyanate, preferably 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanatophenylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanatodi phenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethylphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethane, which may be used singly or in combination with an amine of the general formula R ' 2 -NR , or a diamine of the general formula R ' 2 -NR-NR' 2 , wherein R is an aryl, alky
- the additives mentioned below have particularly good physical and chemical properties:
- the addition of antioxidants can reduce or even prevent the oxidation of the oil or fat according to the invention, in particular when it is used. Oxidation can lead to undesirable free radicals and, as a result, decomposition reactions of the high-temperature lubricant can occur.
- the addition of antioxidants stabilizes the high temperature grease.
- Antioxidants which are particularly suitable according to the invention are the following compounds: Styrenated diphenylamines, diaromatic amines, phenolic resins, thiophenol resins, phosphites, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, phenyl-alphanaphthylamine, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, octylated / butylated diphenylamine, dialpha-tocopherol, di-tert-butyl-phenyl, benzenepropanoic acid, sulfur-containing phenolic compounds , Phenolic compounds and mixtures of these components.
- the high temperature grease may contain corrosion inhibiting additives, metal deactivators or ion complexing agents.
- corrosion inhibiting additives include triazoles, imidazolines, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), benzotriazole derivatives, N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine; n-methyl-N (1-oxo-9-octadecenyl) glycine, mixture of phosphoric acid and mono- and Diisooctylester reacted with (C 11-14 ) alkylamines, mixture of phosphoric acid and mono- and Diisooctylester reacted with tert-alkylamine and primary (C 12-14 ) amines, dodecanoic acid, triphenyl phosphorothionate and amine phosphates.
- IRGAMET® 39 IRGACOR® DSS G, amine O; SARKOSYL® O (Ciba), COBRATEC® 122, CUVAN® 303, VANLUBE® 9123, CI-426, CI-426EP, CI-429 and CI-498.
- anti-wear additives are amines, amine phosphates, phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphorothionates and mixtures of these components.
- Commercially available anti-wear additives include IRGALUBE® TPPT, IRGALUBE® 232, IRGALUBE® 349, IRGALUBE® 211 and ADDITIN® RC3760 Liq 3960, FIRC-SHUN® FG 1505 and FG 1506, NA-LUBE® KR-015FG, LUBEBOND®, FLUORO ® FG, SYNALOX® 40-D, ACHESON® FGA 1820 and ACHESON® FGA 1810.
- the grease may include solid lubricants such as PTFE, BN, pyrophosphate, Zn oxide, Mg oxide, pyrophosphates, thiosulfates, Mg carbonate, Ca carbonate, Ca stearate, Zn sulfide, Mo sulfide, W sulfide, Sn Sulfide, graphites, graphene, nano-tubes, SiO 2 modifications or a mixture thereof.
- solid lubricants such as PTFE, BN, pyrophosphate, Zn oxide, Mg oxide, pyrophosphates, thiosulfates, Mg carbonate, Ca carbonate, Ca stearate, Zn sulfide, Mo sulfide, W sulfide, Sn Sulfide, graphites, graphene, nano-tubes, SiO 2 modifications or a mixture thereof.
- the high temperature oil or fat according to the invention has up to a temperature of 250 ° C no or negligible decomposition phenomena. By this is meant that less than 10% of the lubricant decomposes.
- the high-temperature oil or fat according to the invention may contain, as another base oil, an oil, preferably selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, aliphatic carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty acid triglycerides, pyromellitic acid esters, diphenyl ethers, phloroglucinic esters and / or poly-alpha-olefins, alpha-olefin Contain copolymers.
- an oil preferably selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, aliphatic carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty acid triglycerides, pyromellitic acid esters, diphenyl ethers, phloroglucinic esters and / or poly-alpha-olefins, alpha-olefin Contain copolymers.
- the high temperature oil or fat according to the invention contains an estolide, preferably the main constituents of the estolide being obtained by chemical or enzymatic processes starting from native oils from the group of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, linseed oil, corn oil, diest oil, soybean oil, linseed oil , Peanut oil, "Lesqueralle” oil, palm oil, olive oil or mixtures of the aforementioned oils.
- native oils from the group of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, linseed oil, corn oil, diest oil, soybean oil, linseed oil , Peanut oil, "Lesqueralle” oil, palm oil, olive oil or mixtures of the aforementioned oils.
- the high-temperature oil or fat according to the invention due to its physical and chemical properties, is outstandingly suitable for use in chains, rolling and sliding bearings, in vehicle technology, conveyor technology, mechanical engineering, office technology and in industrial plants and machines. but also in the fields of home appliances and consumer electronics. Due to its good temperature resistance, it can also be used at high operating temperatures up to 260 ° C, preferably at temperatures of 150 to 250 ° C.
- the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the above-described High temperature oils or fats, in which the base oils and the additives are mixed together.
- Estolides or aliphatically substituted naphthalenes are initially charged in a stirred kettle. At 100 ° C, the polyisobutylene and optionally a further oil is added with stirring. Subsequently, the mixture is stirred for 1 h to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The anti-wear agents and the antioxidant are added to the kettle at 60 ° C with stirring. After about 1 hour, the finished oil can be filled into the containers provided.
- the base oil is placed in a stirred tank. At 100 ° C, the polyisobutylene and optionally a further oil and the thickener is added with stirring.
- the thickener is formed by an in situ reaction of the reactants used in the base oil. Subsequently, the mixture is heated to 150 ° C to 210 ° C, stirred for several hours and cooled again. In the cooling process at about 60 ° C, the necessary anti-wear agents, antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors are added.
- a homogeneous mixture of the fat is obtained by the final homogenization step on roller, colloid mill or Gaulin.
- compositions of the high temperature fats are shown in Table 6. ⁇ u> Table 6 ⁇ / u> Type Li complex Li complex Li complex Di-Harnstof Di-urea Di-urea Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Trimellitic acid esters [% by weight] 60 0 0 65.2 0 0 Estolide [wt.%] 0 0 56 0 0 65.2 alkylated naphthalene [wt.%] 0 64 0 0 65.2 0 fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene [wt.%] 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 Additive package [wt.%] 4 1 4 1 1 1 Thickener concentration [% by weight] 10 10 15.0 8.8 8.8 8.8
- Example 7 Example 8 Walpenentration after 60 DT [DIN ISO 2137] 284 283 278 232 232 300 Walpenentration after 100000 DT [DIN ISO 2137] 324 319 319 254 254 338 Dropping point [C °] [DIN ISO 2176] > 300 > 300 > 300 > 300 280 292 Flow pressure -20 ° C; [mbar] [DIN 51805] > 2000 275 284 575 525 ⁇ 1400 Flow pressure -30 ° C; [mbar] [DIN 51805] > 2000 425 675 ⁇ 1400 ⁇ 1400 ⁇ 1400 Oil loss 40 ° C / 168h; [Weight%] [DIN 51817] 3.80 3 1.70 1.2 0.10 5,60 Oil level 150 ° C / 30h; [Weight%] [FTMS 761 C] 7.4
- the evaporation losses of the different fat samples at 150 ° C after 30 h are between 2% and 5%, which underlines the very good thermal stability of these fat concepts.
- the oil separation has a decisive influence on the lubricating effect of a grease. It is important to ensure that on the one hand, the oil separation is not too high and the oil runs out of the warehouse and thus the Tribo system is no longer available and on the other hand no oil separation is observed and the lubricating effect of the grease is lost.
- the oil separation should ideally be between 0.5 and 8 wt .-%, so that an optimal lubricating film can form in the camp.
- the greases of the examples were subjected to a FE 9 rolling bearing test according to DIN 51 821 in which the service life of the greases investigated is determined and the upper service temperature of greases in roller bearings at medium speeds and average axial loads is determined.
- Table 8 shows that the runtimes through the use of PIB in combination with various base oils have long run times and are thus suitable for high application temperatures in continuous operation.
- the noise behavior of the various fat formulations is very positively influenced by the use of fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene. With the exception of example 6, good to very good noise properties can be achieved.
- Example 3 The property of the fat of Example 3 using fully hydrogenated PIB was now compared to a fat (Comparative Example 3) containing a PIB which still had double bonds, that is, a non-fully hydrogenated PIB.
- the other composition of the fat according to Comparative Example 3 corresponded to that of Example 3. ⁇ u> Table 10 ⁇ / u> Example 3projectsbeisp.
- Example 3 grease exhibits a doubled run time in the FE9 test, has lower evaporation losses and significantly better noise performance.
- Table 11 shows that there are significant differences in the use of fully hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated PIB.
- the dissolution of the residue based on the partially hydrogenated PIV is no longer possible, while the oil with the fully hydrogenated PIB has very good Wiederananseigenschaften.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft einen lebensmittelverträglichen Hochtemperaturschmierstoff, insbesondere ein Hochtemperaturöl und ein Hochtemperaturfett umfassend folgende Komponenten:
a) mindestens ein Öl ausgewählt aus einem Trimellitsäureester oder einem Gemisch aus verschiedenen Trimellitsäureestern, Alkylaromaten, vorzugsweise ein aliphathisch substituiertes Naphthalin oder Estoliden;
b) einem hydrierten oder vollhydrierten Polyisobutylens oder einer Mischung aus hydrierten oder vollhydrierten Polyisobutylen und;
c) Additive einzeln oder in Kombination.The invention relates to a food-grade high-temperature lubricant, in particular a high-temperature oil and a high-temperature fat comprising the following components:
a) at least one oil selected from a trimellitic acid ester or a mixture of different trimellitic esters, alkylaromatics, preferably an aliphatically substituted naphthalene or estolides;
b) a hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene or a mixture of hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene and;
c) additives individually or in combination.
Im Fall des Hochtemperaturfetts wird ein Verdickungsmittel zugegeben.In the case of high-temperature fat, a thickening agent is added.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Hochtemperaturschmierstoffe, insbesondere Öle und Fette auf Basis eines aromatischen Esters, wie eines Trimellitsäureesters und Mischungen verschiedener Trimellitsäureester, Alkylaromaten, Estoliden und einem vollhydrierten oder hydrierten Polyisobutylen oder einer Mischung daraus, einem Verdickungsmittel. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner die Verwendung dieses Hochtemperaturfetts für Dauereinsatztemperaturen von bis zu 250°C.The invention relates to high temperature lubricants, especially oils and fats based on an aromatic ester, such as a trimellitic acid ester and mixtures of various trimellitic acid esters, alkylaromatics, estolides and a fully hydrogenated or hydrogenated polyisobutylene or a mixture thereof, a thickener. The invention further relates to the use of this high temperature grease for continuous use temperatures of up to 250 ° C.
Neben der Schmierwirkung müssen die Schmierstoffe noch eine Vielzahl weiterer Aufgaben erfüllen: Sie müssen kühlen, Reibung, Verschleiß und Kraftübertragung verringern, vor Korrosion schützen und gleichzeitig eine dichtende Wirkung aufweisen. Darüber hinaus sollten die Hochtemperaturfette geräuscharm sein.In addition to the lubricating effect, the lubricants must fulfill a variety of other tasks: they must cool, reduce friction, wear and power transmission, protect against corrosion and at the same time have a sealing effect. In addition, the high temperature greases should be quiet.
Herkömmliche Schmierstoffe sind für Hochtemperaturanwendungen nicht geeignet, da sie bei hohen Temperaturen beispielsweise über Oxidations- und/oder thermische Zersetzungsreaktionen und Polymerisationen zerstört werden und ihre schmierenden Eigenschaften stark eingeschränkt werden. Bei Zersetzungsreaktionen wird der Schmierstoff in niedermolekulare flüchtige Komponenten gespalten. Deren Verdampfen führt zu unerwünschten Viskositätsänderungen, Ölverlust und zur übermäßigen Dampfbildung. Hieraus resultiert ein Verlust der Schmierwirkung. Auch durch Polymerisation verlieren die Schmierstoffe ihre Schmierwirkung aufgrund der Bildung unlöslicher Polymerisationsprodukte.Conventional lubricants are not suitable for high temperature applications because they are destroyed at high temperatures, for example by oxidation and / or thermal decomposition reactions and polymerizations and their lubricating properties are severely limited. In decomposition reactions, the lubricant is split into low molecular weight volatile components. Their evaporation leads to undesirable viscosity changes, oil loss and excessive vapor formation. This results in a loss of lubricity. Even through polymerization lose the Lubricants reduce their lubricating effect due to the formation of insoluble polymerization products.
Das Entfernen dieser Verschmutzungen erhöht die Wartungsarbeiten und produziert chemische Abfallstoffe, die aufwendig entsorgt werden müssen. Aufgrund der vermehrten Reinigungs- und Wartungsarbeiten erhöhen sich die Ausfallzeiten. Insgesamt führt die Verwendung von ungeeigneten Schmierstoffen bei Hochtemperaturanwendungen zu höheren Kosten, da die Arbeitsgeräte verschmutzen und ein höherer Bedarf an Schmierstoffen besteht. Darüber hinaus sinkt die Produktqualität.The removal of these contaminants increases the maintenance work and produces chemical waste, which must be disposed of consuming. Due to the increased cleaning and maintenance work, the downtime increases. Overall, the use of unsuitable lubricants in high-temperature applications leads to higher costs, as the tools pollute and there is a greater need for lubricants. In addition, the product quality decreases.
Als Basisöle für Hochtemperaturanwendungen werden oftmals synthetische Ester eingesetzt, da diese über eine sehr gute oxidative, hydrolytische und thermische Stabilität verfügen.Synthetic esters are often used as base oils for high-temperature applications since they have very good oxidative, hydrolytic and thermal stability.
Um den vielfältigen Anforderungen bei Hochtemperaturanwendungen gerecht zu werden, müssen die Schmierstoffe unter anderem eine hohe Stabilität, niedrige Reibungsbeiwerte und hohe Verschleißfestigkeiten aufweisen. Um eine gleichmäßige Schmierung auch bei hohen Temperaturen gewährleisten zu können, muss während des gesamten Verarbeitungsprozesses ein flüssiger Schmierfilm zwischen Metallteilen bestehen bleiben. Deshalb darf der Schmierstoff bei der maximalen Verarbeitungstemperatur nur wenig verdampfen, wenig Rückstände bilden und möglichst wenig Vercrackungsrückstände bilden.In order to meet the diverse requirements of high-temperature applications, the lubricants must have, among other things, high stability, low friction coefficients and high wear resistance. In order to ensure uniform lubrication even at high temperatures, a liquid lubricant film must remain between metal parts during the entire processing process. Therefore, the lubricant must evaporate only slightly at the maximum processing temperature, form little residue and form as few cracking residues as possible.
Hohe Temperaturen treten oftmals bei der Verwendung in Ketten, Wälz- und Gleitlagern, in der Fahrzeugtechnik, der Fördertechnik, dem Maschinenbau, der Bürotechnik sowie in industriellen Anlagen und Maschinen, aber auch in den Bereichen der Haushaltsmaschinen und der Unterhaltungselektronik.High temperatures often occur when used in chains, rolling and plain bearings, in vehicle technology, materials handling, mechanical engineering, office technology and in industrial equipment and machinery, but also in the fields of home appliances and consumer electronics.
In Wälz- und Gleitlagern sorgen Schmierstoffe dafür, dass zwischen aufeinander gleitenden oder abrollenden Teilen ein trennender, lastübertragender Schmierfilm aufgebaut wird. Damit wird erreicht, dass die metallischen Oberflächen sich nicht berühren und somit auch kein Verschleiß auftritt. Die Schmierstoffe müssen deshalb hohen Anforderungen genügen. Dazu gehören extreme Betriebsbedingungen, wie sehr hohe oder sehr niedrige Drehzahlen, hohe Temperaturen, die durch hohe Drehzahlen oder durch Fremderwärmung bedingt sind, sehr tiefe Temperaturen, beispielsweise bei Lagern, die in kalter Umgebung arbeiten oder, die bei der Verwendung in der Luft- und Raumfahrt auftreten. Ebenso sollten die modernen Schmierstoffe unter sogenannten Reinraumbedingungen einsetzbar sein, um die Raumverschmutzung durch den Abrieb bzw. den Verbrauch an Schmierstoffen zu vermeiden. Außerdem sollte bei der Anwendung der modernen Schmierstoffe vermieden werden, dass sie verdampfen und damit "verlacken", d.h., dass sie nach kurzer Anwendung fest werden und keine Schmierwirkung mehr zeigen. An Schmierstoffe werden auch besondere Anforderungen bei der Anwendung dahingehend gestellt, dass die Laufflächen der Lager durch geringe Reibung nicht angegriffen werden, die Lagerflächen geräuscharm laufen, sowie langen Laufzeiten ohne Nachschmierung erreicht werden. Auch müssen Schmierstoffe Krafteinwirkungen, wie Fliehkraft, Schwerkraft und Schwingungen widerstehen.In rolling and plain bearings, lubricants ensure that a separating, load-transmitting lubricating film is built up between sliding or rolling parts. This ensures that the metallic surfaces do not touch and thus no wear occurs. The lubricants must therefore meet high requirements. These include extreme Operating conditions such as very high or very low speeds, high temperatures due to high speeds or foreign heating, very low temperatures, for example, in camps that operate in cold environments or that occur in aerospace applications. Likewise, the modern lubricants under so-called clean room conditions should be used to avoid the pollution of the room by the abrasion or the consumption of lubricants. In addition, when using the modern lubricants should be avoided that they evaporate and thus "leach", ie that they become solid after a short time application and no longer show any lubricating effect. Lubricants are also subject to special requirements in the application to the effect that the running surfaces of the bearings are not attacked by low friction, run the storage surfaces quiet, and long running times are achieved without relubrication. Also, lubricants must withstand the effects of force such as centrifugal force, gravity and vibration.
Wichtige Kenngröße für eine lange Funktionsdauer eines fettgeschmierten Wälzlagers im Hochtemperaturbereich ist neben der oberen Gebrauchstemperatur das Geräuschverhalten des Schmierstoffes. Ein Schmierfett kann bei Umlaufteilnahme (Überrollung, Walkung) Schwingungen im Wälzlager anregen, die als "Schmierstoffgeräusche" in den Frequenzbändern Medium 300 bis 1.800 Hz und High 1.800 bis 10.000 Hz, gegenüber den Lagergeräuschen im Frequenzband Low bei 50 bis 300 Hz liegen. Das Schmierstoffgeräusch wird von den Geräuschspitzen überlagert, die bei der Überrollung von harten Partikeln durch die Wälzkörper in Form von Stoßimpulsen auf dem Lagerring entstehen. Die Bewertung des Geräuschverhaltens erfolgt nach der SKF-BeQuiet+ - MethodeDie Fettgeräuschklasse werden wie folgt eingeteilt:
- GNX: etwas schlechter als GN1 (sehr schlechtes Geräuschverhalten)
- GN1: >95% aller Peaks sind <=40 µm/s (schlechtes Geräuschverhalten)
- GN2: >95% aller Peaks sind <=20 µm/s; > 98% aller Peaks sind <= 40 µm/s (mittleres Geräuschverhalten)
- GN3: >95% aller Peaks sind <=10 µm/s; > 98% aller Peaks sind <= 20 µm/s; > 100% aller Peaks sind <= 40 µm/s (gutes Geräuschverhalten)
- GN4: >95% aller Peaks sind <= 5 µm/s; > 98% aller Peaks sind <= 10 µm/s; > 100% aller Peaks sind <= 20 µm/s (sehr gutes Geräuschverhalten)
- GNX: slightly worse than GN1 (very bad noise behavior)
- GN1: > 95% of all peaks are <= 40 μm / s (poor noise behavior )
- GN2:> 95% of all peaks are <= 20 μm / s; > 98% of all peaks are <= 40 μm / s (average noise behavior)
- GN3: > 95% of all peaks are <= 10 μm / s; > 98% of all peaks are <= 20 μm / s; > 100% of all peaks are <= 40 μm / s (good noise behavior)
- GN4: > 95% of all peaks are <= 5 μm / s; > 98% of all peaks are <= 10 μm / s; > 100% of all peaks are <= 20 μm / s (very good noise behavior)
Je besser das Geräuschverhalten eines Schmierfettes, desto geringer sind die durch den Schmierstoff erzwungenen Schwingungen des Lagers. Dies ist gleichbedeutend mit einer geringen Belastung des Lagers und führt zu einer längeren Funktionsdauer der Lagerung.The better the noise behavior of a grease, the lower the vibrations of the bearing forced by the lubricant. This is equivalent to a low load on the bearing and leads to a longer service life of storage.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Hochtemperaturöl und Hochtemperaturfett bereitzustellen, das den oben genannten Anforderungen entspricht. Insbesondere soll das Schmieröl- bzw. fett bei hoher Temperatur über einen langen Zeitraum eine gute Schmierwirkung zeigen. Des weiteren sollen die gebildeten Vercrackungsrückstände nicht verlacken, sondern durch Frischfett wieder anlösbar sein. Ferner soll der Hochtemperaturschmierstoff eine gute hydrolytische Stabilität aufweisen, korrosions- und verschleißresistent sein, sowie eine gute Oxidationsbeständigkeit und ein an die Anforderung angepasstes gutes Tieftemperaturverhalten besitzen. Dies wir bei Schmierölen durch den Pourpoint und bei Schmierfetten durch den Fließdruck bei tiefen Temperaturen definiert. Außerdem soll das Hochtemperaturfett ein gutes Geräuschverhalten zeigen, lange Laufzeiten aufweisen und im wesentlichen keine Verschleißerscheinungen der Vorrichtungen bewirken.The object of the present invention is to provide a high temperature oil and high temperature grease which meets the above requirements. In particular, the lubricating oil or grease at high temperature over a long period of time to show a good lubricating effect. Furthermore, the Vercrackungsrückstände formed should not lend, but be redissolvable by fresh fat. Furthermore, the high-temperature lubricant should have a good hydrolytic stability, corrosion and wear resistant, as well as have a good oxidation resistance and adapted to the requirement good low temperature behavior. This is defined by the pour point for lubricating oils and by the flow pressure at low temperatures for lubricating greases. In addition, the high-temperature grease should show good noise behavior, have long maturities and cause substantially no signs of wear of the devices.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Hochtemperaturöl umfassend folgende Komponenten gelöst:
- a) 93,9 bis 45 Gew.-% mindestens eines Öls, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkylaromaten, vorzugsweise einem aliphathisch substituierten Naphthalin, Estoliden, Trimellitsäureestern, oder einem Gemisch aus verschiedenen Trimellitsäureestern, bei dem die Alkoholgruppe des Esters eine lineare oder verzweigte Alkylgruppe mit 8 bis 16 Kohlenstoffatomen ist,
- b) 6 bis 45 Gew.-% eines Polymers, nämlich eines hydrierten oder vollhydrierten Polyisobutylen oder einer Mischung aus hydrierten oder vollhydrierten Polyisobutylen;
- c) 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-% Additive einzeln oder in Kombination, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Korrosionsschutzadditiven, Antioxidantien, Verschleißschutzadditiven, UV-Stabilisatoren, anorganischen oder organischen Feststoffschmierstoffen.
- a) 93.9 to 45 wt .-% of at least one oil selected from the group consisting of alkylaromatics, preferably an aliphatically substituted naphthalene, estolides, trimellitic esters, or a mixture of different Trimellitsäureestern, wherein the alcohol group of the ester is a linear or branched Is an alkyl group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms,
- b) 6 to 45 wt .-% of a polymer, namely a hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene or a mixture of hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene;
- c) 0.1 to 10 wt .-% of additives individually or in combination, selected from the group consisting of anti-corrosion additives, antioxidants, anti-wear additives, UV stabilizers, inorganic or organic solid lubricants.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Hochtemperaturfett umfassend folgende Komponenten gelöst:
- a) 91,9 bis 25 Gew.-% mindestens eines Öls, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkylaromaten, vorzugsweise einem aliphathisch substituierten Naphthalin, Estoliden, Trimellitsäureestern, oder einem Gemisch aus verschiedenen Trimellitsäureestern, bei dem die Alkoholgruppe des Esters eine lineare oder verzweigte Alkylgruppe mit 8 bis 16 Kohlenstoffatomen ist,
- b) 6 bis 45 Gew.% eines Polymers, nämlich eines hydrierten oder vollhydrierten Polyisobutylen oder einer Mischung aus hydrierten oder vollhydrierten Polyisobutylen;
- c) 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-% Additive einzeln oder in Kombination, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Korrosionsschutzadditiven, Antioxidantien, Verschleißschutzadditiven, UV-Stabilisatoren, anorganischen oder organischen Feststoffschmierstoffen und
- d) 2 bis 20 Gew.-% Verdickungsmittel.
- a) 91.9 to 25 wt .-% of at least one oil selected from the group consisting of alkylaromatics, preferably an aliphatically substituted naphthalene, estolides, trimellitic esters, or a mixture of different Trimellitsäureestern, wherein the alcohol group of the ester is a linear or branched Is an alkyl group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms,
- b) 6 to 45% by weight of a polymer, namely a hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene or a mixture of hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene;
- c) 0.1 to 10 wt .-% of additives individually or in combination, selected from the group consisting of corrosion protection additives, antioxidants, anti-wear additives, UV stabilizers, inorganic or organic solid lubricants and
- d) 2 to 20 wt .-% thickener.
Überraschend wurde gefunden, dass sich das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl und das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturfett durch eine hervorragende Leistungsfähigkeit auszeichnen. So zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl bzw. Hochtemperaturfett eine hohe thermische Stabilität kombiniert mit einer hohen Lebensdauer und guten Schmiereigenschaften.Surprisingly, it has been found that the high-temperature oil according to the invention and the high-temperature fat according to the invention are distinguished by outstanding performance. Thus, the high-temperature oil or high-temperature grease according to the invention exhibits high thermal stability combined with a long service life and good lubricating properties.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl umfasst als Esterverbindung ein Estolid oder eine Mischung aus verschiedenen Estoliden oder ein aliphathisch substituiertes Naphthalin oder eine Mischung aus verschiedenen aliphathisch substituierten Naphthalinen.The high-temperature oil according to the invention comprises as ester compound an estolide or a mixture of different estolides or an aliphatically substituted naphthalene or a mixture of different aliphatically substituted naphthalenes.
Die bevorzugten Viskositäten der Estolide, gemessen bei 40°C, liegen zwischen 30 und 500 mm2/sec. Besonders bevorzugt sind Viskositäten von 30 bis 140 mm2/sec. Unter Estoliden versteht man Esterverbindungen, die säure- oder enzymatischkatalysiert aus Fettsäuren bevorzugt Ölsäure oder Dicarbonsäuren oder einem Gemisch aus beiden hergestellt werden. Dabei greift die Säurefunktion die Doppelbindung eines benachbarten Öl Fettsäuremoleküls an, so dass eine höher molekularere Esterverbindung entsteht. Die endständige Säuregruppe wird dann üblicherweise mit einem Alkohol, bevorzugt 2-Ethyl-hexanol verestert und anschließend werden die restlichen Doppelbindungen hydriert oder mit Carbonsäure z.B. Essigsäure verestert. Andere Alkohol wie z.B. Isoamylalkohol oder Guebert Alkohole sind ebenfalls für die Veresterung der endständigen Säuregruppe denkbar.The preferred viscosities of the estolides, measured at 40 ° C, are between 30 and 500 mm 2 / sec. Viscosities of 30 to 140 mm 2 / sec are particularly preferred. Estolides are ester compounds which are acid or enzymatically catalyzed from fatty acids, preferably oleic acid or dicarboxylic acids, or a mixture of both. The acid function attacks the double bond of an adjacent oil fatty acid molecule, resulting in a higher molecular weight ester compound. The terminal acid group is then usually esterified with an alcohol, preferably 2-ethyl-hexanol and then the remaining double bonds are hydrogenated or esterified with carboxylic acid, for example acetic acid. Other alcohols such as isoamyl alcohol or Guebert alcohols are also conceivable for the esterification of the terminal acid group.
Weitere Estolide können auch über eine Kondensation von Hydroxycarbonsäuren oder eine Kondensation von Hydroxycarbonsäuren mit Fettsäuren z.B. Ölsäure- oder Stearinsäurederivate synthetisiert werden. Die Kettenlänge der verwendeten Hydroxycarbonsäuren oder ungesättigte Säuren können von C6 bis C54 reichen. Die Säuren können weitere funktionelle Gruppen z.B. Amine, Ether, schwefelhaltige Gruppen enthalten.Other estolides can also be synthesized via a condensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids or a condensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids with fatty acids, for example oleic acid or stearic acid derivatives. The chain length of the hydroxycarboxylic acids or unsaturated acids used can range from C 6 to C 54 . The acids may contain other functional groups such as amines, ethers, sulfur-containing groups.
Darüber hinaus ist auch eine Veresterung mit alpha-Olefinen oder ß-Farnesen denkbar.In addition, an esterification with alpha-olefins or ß-Farnesen is conceivable.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl kann ein zweites Öl enthalten, das einen Alkylaromaten umfasst. Bevorzugt wird ein Aromat eingesetzt. Unter einem Aromaten wird erfindungsgemäß ein monocyclisches, bicyclisches oder tricyclisches Ringsystem mit vier bis fünfzehn Kohlenstoffatomen verstanden, wobei das monocyclische Ringsystem aromatisch ist oder zumindest einer der Ringe in einem bi- oder tricylischen Ringsystem aromatisch ist. Bevorzugt wird ein bicyclisches Ringsystem, das vorzugsweise 10 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, eingesetzt.The high temperature oil of the invention may contain a second oil comprising an alkylaromatic. Preferably, an aromatic is used. According to the invention, an aromatic means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having four to fifteen carbon atoms, the monocyclic ring system being aromatic or at least one of the rings being aromatic in a bi- or tricylic ring system. Preference is given to using a bicyclic ring system which preferably has 10 carbon atoms.
Bevorzugt ist der Aromat mit einem oder mehreren aliphatischen Substituenten substituiert. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Aromat mit ein bis vier aliphatischen Substituenten und insbesondere mit zwei oder drei aliphatischen Substituenten substituiert.Preferably, the aromatic is substituted with one or more aliphatic substituents. Particularly preferred is the aromatic having one to four aliphatic substituents and in particular having two or three aliphatic substituents substituted.
Eine Alkylgruppe ist erfindungsgemäß eine gesättigte aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 30, vorzugsweise 3 bis 20, noch bevorzugter 4 bis 17 und insbesondere 6 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatomen. Eine Alkylgruppe kann linear oder verzweigt sein und ist wahlweise mit einem oder mehreren der oben genannten Substituenten substituiert.An alkyl group according to the invention is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 4 to 17 and especially 6 to 15 carbon atoms. An alkyl group may be linear or branched and is optionally substituted with one or more of the abovementioned substituents.
Erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt enthält das Schmieröl mindestens ein aliphatisch substituiertes Naphthalin, insbesondere mindestens ein alkylsubstituiertes Naphthalin. Bevorzugt ist das Naphthalin mit ein bis vier aliphatischen Substituenten substituiert und insbesondere mit zwei oder drei aliphatischen Substituenten.According to the invention, the lubricating oil particularly preferably contains at least one aliphatically substituted naphthalene, in particular at least one alkyl-substituted naphthalene. Preferably, the naphthalene is substituted with one to four aliphatic substituents and in particular with two or three aliphatic substituents.
Praktische Versuche haben gezeigt, dass Gemische unterschiedlich substituierter Naphthaline, das heißt Gemische aus Naphthalinen, die einen unterschiedlichen Substitutionsgrad und unterschiedliche aliphatische Substituenten aufweisen, besonders geeignet sind. Durch Variation der Mischungszusammensetzung können in diesem Fall die Eigenschaften, wie beispielsweise die Viskosität, des Hochtemperaturschmierstoffs besonders einfach eingestellt werden. Aliphatisch substituierte Naphthaline zeichnen sich ferner durch hervorragende Lösungseigenschaften und hohe thermo-oxidative Stabilität aus.Practical experiments have shown that mixtures of differently substituted naphthalenes, ie mixtures of naphthalenes, which have a different degree of substitution and different aliphatic substituents, are particularly suitable. In this case, by varying the mixture composition, the properties, such as the viscosity, of the high-temperature lubricant can be set particularly easily. Aliphatic-substituted naphthalenes are also characterized by excellent dissolution properties and high thermo-oxidative stability.
Die Viskosität, gemessen bei 40 °C, des aliphathisch substituierten Naphthalins beträgt vorzugsweise 30 bis 600 mm2/s, bevorzugter 30 bis 300 m2/s.The viscosity, measured at 40 ° C, of the aliphatically substituted naphthalene is preferably 30 to 600 mm 2 / s, more preferably 30 to 300 m 2 / s.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl umfasst des weiteren ein Polyisobutylen. Durch geeignete Wahl des Polyisobutylens, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Hydrierungsgrad und Molekulargewicht, können die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Öls, beispielsweise dessen kinematische Viskosität und vor allen Dingen dessen Rückstandsbildung, in erwünschter Weise beeinflusst werden. Das Polyisobutylen kann in hydrierter oder vollhydrierter Form eingesetzt werden, ebenso kann eine Mischung aus hydriertem und vollhydriertem Polyisobutylen verwendet werden. Bevorzugt werden vollhydrierte Polyisobutylene eingesetzt. Das Polyisobutylen ist in einer Menge von 6 bis 45 Gew.-% in der Zusammensetzung vorhanden, bevorzugt werden 10 bis 45 Gew.-%, insbesondere 15 bis 45 Gew.-% eingesetzt.The high temperature oil of the invention further comprises a polyisobutylene. By suitable choice of the polyisobutylene, in particular with regard to the degree of hydrogenation and molecular weight, the properties of the oil according to the invention, for example its kinematic viscosity and, above all, its formation of residues, can be influenced in a desired manner. The polyisobutylene can be used in hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated form, as well as a mixture of hydrogenated and fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene can be used. Fully hydrogenated polyisobutylenes are preferably used. The Polyisobutylene is present in an amount of 6 to 45 wt .-% in the composition, preferably 10 to 45 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 45 wt .-% are used.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl umfasst des weiteren von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, Additive, die einzeln oder in Kombination eingesetzt werden und aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Korrosionsschutzadditiven, Antioxidantien, Verschleißschutzadditiven, UV-Stabilisatoren, anorganischen oder organischen Feststoffschmierstoffen, ausgewählt werden.The high-temperature oil according to the invention further comprises from 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, additives which are used individually or in combination and from the group consisting of anti-corrosion additives, antioxidants, anti-wear additives, UV stabilizers, inorganic or organic solid lubricants selected.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturfett umfasst als eine Esterverbindung einen Trimellitsäureester oder ein Gemisch aus verschiedenen Trimellitsäureestern, wobei die Alkoholgruppe des Esters eine lineare oder verzweigte Alkylgruppe mit 8 bis 16 Kohlenstoffatomen ist. Je nach Wahl des aromatischen Esters können die Eigenschaften des Schmierstoffs, beispielsweise die Viskosität, das Viskositäts-Temperatur-Verhalten, die Oxidationsbeständigkeit und Rückstandsverhalten angepasst werden.The high-temperature fat of the present invention comprises as an ester compound a trimellitic acid ester or a mixture of various trimellitic acid esters, wherein the alcoholic group of the ester is a linear or branched alkyl group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms. Depending on the choice of the aromatic ester, the properties of the lubricant, for example the viscosity, the viscosity-temperature behavior, the oxidation resistance and residue behavior can be adjusted.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturfett kann ein zweites Öl enthalten, das einen Alkylaromaten umfasst. Bevorzugt wird ein Aromat eingesetzt. Unter einem Aromaten wird erfindungsgemäß ein monocyclisches, bicyclisches oder tricyclisches Ringsystem mit vier bis fünfzehn Kohlenstoffatomen verstanden, wobei das monocyclische Ringsystem aromatisch ist oder zumindest einer der Ringe in einem bi- oder tricylischen Ringsystem aromatisch ist. Bevorzugt wird ein bicyclisches Ringsystem, das vorzugsweise 10 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, eingesetzt.The high temperature grease of the invention may contain a second oil comprising an alkyl aromatic. Preferably, an aromatic is used. According to the invention, an aromatic means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having four to fifteen carbon atoms, the monocyclic ring system being aromatic or at least one of the rings being aromatic in a bi- or tricylic ring system. Preference is given to using a bicyclic ring system which preferably has 10 carbon atoms.
Bevorzugt ist der Aromat mit einem oder mehreren aliphatischen Substituenten substituiert. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Aromat mit ein bis vier aliphatischen Substituenten und insbesondere mit zwei oder drei aliphatischen Substituenten substituiert.Preferably, the aromatic is substituted with one or more aliphatic substituents. The aromatic is particularly preferably substituted by one to four aliphatic substituents and in particular by two or three aliphatic substituents.
Eine Alkylgruppe ist erfindungsgemäß eine gesättigte aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 1 bis 30, vorzugsweise 3 bis 20, noch bevorzugter 4 bis 17 und insbesondere 6 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatomen. Eine Alkylgruppe kann linear oder verzweigt sein und ist wahlweise mit einem oder mehreren der oben genannten Substituenten substituiert.An alkyl group according to the invention is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 4 to 17 and especially 6 to 15 carbon atoms. An alkyl group may be linear or branched and is optionally substituted with one or more of the abovementioned substituents.
Erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt enthält das Schmierfett mindestens ein aliphatisch substituiertes Naphthalin, insbesondere mindestens ein alkylsubstituiertes Naphthalin. Bevorzugt ist das Naphthalin mit ein bis vier aliphatischen Substituenten substituiert und insbesondere mit zwei oder drei aliphatischen Substituenten.According to the invention, the lubricating grease particularly preferably contains at least one aliphatically substituted naphthalene, in particular at least one alkyl-substituted naphthalene. Preferably, the naphthalene is substituted with one to four aliphatic substituents and in particular with two or three aliphatic substituents.
Praktische Versuche haben gezeigt, dass Gemische unterschiedlich substituierter Naphthaline, das heißt Gemische aus Naphthalinen, die einen unterschiedlichen Substitutionsgrad und unterschiedliche aliphatische Substituenten aufweisen, besonders geeignet sind. Durch Variation der Mischungszusammensetzung können in diesem Fall die Eigenschaften, wie beispielsweise die Viskosität, des Hochtemperaturschmierstoffs besonders einfach eingestellt werden. Aliphatisch substituierte Naphthaline zeichnen sich ferner durch hervorragende Lösungseigenschaften und hohe thermo-oxidative Stabilität aus.Practical experiments have shown that mixtures of differently substituted naphthalenes, ie mixtures of naphthalenes, which have a different degree of substitution and different aliphatic substituents, are particularly suitable. In this case, by varying the mixture composition, the properties, such as the viscosity, of the high-temperature lubricant can be set particularly easily. Aliphatic-substituted naphthalenes are also characterized by excellent dissolution properties and high thermo-oxidative stability.
Die Viskosität, gemessen bei 40 °C, des aliphathisch substituierten Naphthalins beträgt vorzugsweise 30 bis 600 mm2/s, bevorzugter 30 bis 300 m2/s.The viscosity, measured at 40 ° C, of the aliphatically substituted naphthalene is preferably 30 to 600 mm 2 / s, more preferably 30 to 300 m 2 / s.
Des weiteren können auch Estolide verwendet werden. Bevorzugte Viskositäten, gemessen bei 40°C liegen zwischen 30 und 500 mm2/sec. Besonders bevorzugt sind Viskositäten von 30 bis 140 mm2/sec.Furthermore, estolides can also be used. Preferred viscosities, measured at 40 ° C are between 30 and 500 mm 2 / sec. Viscosities of 30 to 140 mm 2 / sec are particularly preferred.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturfett umfasst des weiteren ein Polyisobutylen. Durch geeignete Wahl des Polyisobutylens, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Hydrierungsgrad und Molekulargewicht, können die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Fetts, beispielsweise deren kinematische Viskosität, in erwünschter Weise beeinflusst werden. Das Polyisobutylen kann in hydrierter oder vollhydrierter Form eingesetzt werden, ebenso kann eine Mischung aus hydriertem und vollhydriertem Polyisobutylen verwendet werden. Bevorzugt werden vollhydrierte Polyisobutylene eingesetzt. Das Polyisobutylen ist in einer Menge von 6 bis 45 Gew.-% in der Zusammensetzung vorhanden, bevorzugt werden 10 bis 45 Gew.-%, insbesondere 15 bis 45 Gew.-% eingesetzt.The high-temperature grease according to the invention further comprises a polyisobutylene. By suitable choice of the polyisobutylene, in particular with regard to the degree of hydrogenation and molecular weight, the properties of the fat according to the invention, for example its kinematic viscosity, can be influenced in a desired manner. The polyisobutylene can be used in hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated form, as well as a mixture of hydrogenated and fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene can be used. Fully hydrogenated polyisobutylenes are preferably used. The polyisobutylene is in an amount of 6 to 45 wt .-% in the composition, preferably 10 to 45 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 45 wt .-% are used.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Polyisobutylen ein zahlenmittleres Molekulargewicht von 115 bis 10.000 g/mol, vorzugsweise von 160 bis 5000 g/mol auf.According to a further preferred embodiment, the polyisobutylene has a number average molecular weight of 115 to 10,000 g / mol, preferably from 160 to 5000 g / mol.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturfett umfasst des weiteren von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, Additive, die einzeln oder in Kombination eingesetzt werden und aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Korrosionsschutzadditiven, Antioxidantien, Verschleißschutzadditiven, UV-Stabilisatoren, anorganischen oder organischen Feststoffschmierstoffen, ausgewählt werden.The high-temperature fat according to the invention further comprises from 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, additives which are used individually or in combination and from the group consisting of corrosion protection additives, antioxidants, anti-wear additives, UV stabilizers, inorganic or organic solid lubricants selected.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturfett umfasst außerdem ein Verdickungsmittel. Das Verdickungsmittel in dem erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperaturfett der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung ist entweder ein Reaktionsprodukt aus einem Diisocyanat, vorzugsweise 2,4-Diisocyanatotoluol, 2,6-Diisocyanatotoluol, 4,4'-Diisocyanatodiphenylmethan, 2,4'-Diisocyanatophenylmethan, 4,4'-Diisocyanatodi-phenyl, 4,4'-Diisocyanato-3-3'-dimethylphenyl, 4,4'-Diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethan, die einzeln oder in Kombination verwendet werden können, mit einem Amin der allgemeinen Formel R'2-N-R, oder einem Diamin der allgemeinen Formel R'2-N-R-NR'2, wobei R ein Aryl-, Alkyl- oder Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen ist und R' identisch oder verschieden ein Wasserstoff, ein Alkyl-, Alkylen- oder Arylrest ist, oder mit Gemischen aus Aminen und Diaminen
oder
wird aus gewählt aus Al-Komplexseifen, Metall-Einfachseifen der Elemente der ersten und zweiten Hauptgruppe des Perriodensystems, Metall-Komplexseifen der Elemente der ersten und zweiten Hauptgruppe des Periodensystems, Bentonite, Sulfonate, Silikate, Aerosil, Polyimide oder PTFE oder einer Mischung der vorgenannten Verdickungsmittel.The high-temperature fat according to the invention also comprises a thickener. The thickener in the high-temperature grease of the lubricant composition according to the invention is either a reaction product of a diisocyanate, preferably 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanatophenylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanatodi phenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethylphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethylphenylmethane, which may be used singly or in combination with an amine of the general formula R ' 2 -NR , or a diamine of the general formula R ' 2 -NR-NR' 2 , wherein R is an aryl, alkyl or alkylene radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and R 'identically or differently a hydrogen, an alkyl, alkylene or aryl radical is, or with mixtures of amines and diamines
or
is selected from among Al complex soaps, single metal soaps of the first and second main group elements of the perriodic system, metal complex soaps of elements of the first and second main group of the periodic table, bentonites, sulfonates, silicates, aerosil, polyimides or PTFE or a mixture of the foregoing thickener.
Als Additive für Hochtemperaturöle und -fette haben die nachfolgend genannten Additive besonders gute physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften:
Der Zusatz von Antioxidantien kann die Oxidation des erfindungsgemäßen Öls oder Fetts, insbesondere bei seinem Einsatz, verringern oder gar verhindern. Bei einer Oxidation können unerwünschte freie Radikale entstehen und infolgedessen vermehrt Zersetzungsreaktionen des Hochtemperaturschmierstoffes auftreten. Durch die Zugabe von Antioxidantien wird das Hochtemperaturfett stabilisiert.As additives for high-temperature oils and fats, the additives mentioned below have particularly good physical and chemical properties:
The addition of antioxidants can reduce or even prevent the oxidation of the oil or fat according to the invention, in particular when it is used. Oxidation can lead to undesirable free radicals and, as a result, decomposition reactions of the high-temperature lubricant can occur. The addition of antioxidants stabilizes the high temperature grease.
Erfindungsgemäß besonders geeignete Antioxidantien sind die folgenden Verbindungen:
Styrolisierte Diphenylamine, diaromatische Amine, Phenolharze, Thiophenolharze, Phosphite, butyliertes Hydroxytoluol, butyliertes Hydroxyanisol, Phenyl-alphanaphthylamin, Phenyl-beta-naphthylamin, octyliertes/butyliertes Diphenylamin, dialpha-Tocopherol, di-tert.-butyl-Phenyl, Benzolpropansäure, schwefelhaltige Phenolverbindungen, Phenolverbindungen und Mischungen dieser Komponenten.Antioxidants which are particularly suitable according to the invention are the following compounds:
Styrenated diphenylamines, diaromatic amines, phenolic resins, thiophenol resins, phosphites, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, phenyl-alphanaphthylamine, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, octylated / butylated diphenylamine, dialpha-tocopherol, di-tert-butyl-phenyl, benzenepropanoic acid, sulfur-containing phenolic compounds , Phenolic compounds and mixtures of these components.
Weiterhin kann das Hochtemperaturfett Korrosionsschutzadditive, Metalldesaktivatoren oder Ionen-Komplexbildner enthalten. Hierzu zählen Triazole, Imidazoline, N-Methylglycin (Sarcosin), Benzotriazolderivate, N,N-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-ar-methyl-1 H-benzotriazol-1-methanamin; n-Methyl-N(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)glycin, Gemisch aus Phosphorsäure und Mono-und Diisooctylester umgesetzt mit (C11-14)-Alkylaminen, Gemisch aus Phosphorsäure und Mono-und Diisooctylester umgesetzt mit tert.-Alkylamin und primären (C12-14)-Aminen, Dodekansäure, Triphenylphosphorthionat und Aminphosphate. Kommerziell erhältliche Additive sind die folgenden: IRGAMET® 39, IRGACOR® DSS G, Amin O; SARKOSYL® O (Ciba), COBRATEC® 122, CUVAN® 303, VANLUBE® 9123, CI-426, CI-426EP, Cl-429 und CI-498.Furthermore, the high temperature grease may contain corrosion inhibiting additives, metal deactivators or ion complexing agents. These include triazoles, imidazolines, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), benzotriazole derivatives, N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine; n-methyl-N (1-oxo-9-octadecenyl) glycine, mixture of phosphoric acid and mono- and Diisooctylester reacted with (C 11-14 ) alkylamines, mixture of phosphoric acid and mono- and Diisooctylester reacted with tert-alkylamine and primary (C 12-14 ) amines, dodecanoic acid, triphenyl phosphorothionate and amine phosphates. Commercially available additives are as follows: IRGAMET® 39, IRGACOR® DSS G, amine O; SARKOSYL® O (Ciba), COBRATEC® 122, CUVAN® 303, VANLUBE® 9123, CI-426, CI-426EP, CI-429 and CI-498.
Weitere Verschleißschutzadditive sind Amine, Aminphosphate, Phosphate, Thiophosphate, Phosphorthionate und Mischungen dieser Komponenten. Zu den kommerziell erhältlichen Verschleißschutzadditiven gehören IRGALUBE® TPPT, IRGALUBE® 232, IRGALUBE® 349, IRGALUBE® 211 und ADDITIN® RC3760 Liq 3960, FIRC-SHUN® FG 1505 und FG 1506, NA-LUBE® KR-015FG, LUBEBOND®, FLUORO® FG, SYNALOX® 40-D, ACHESON® FGA 1820 und ACHESON® FGA 1810.Further anti-wear additives are amines, amine phosphates, phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphorothionates and mixtures of these components. Commercially available anti-wear additives include IRGALUBE® TPPT, IRGALUBE® 232, IRGALUBE® 349, IRGALUBE® 211 and ADDITIN® RC3760 Liq 3960, FIRC-SHUN® FG 1505 and FG 1506, NA-LUBE® KR-015FG, LUBEBOND®, FLUORO ® FG, SYNALOX® 40-D, ACHESON® FGA 1820 and ACHESON® FGA 1810.
Des weiteren kann das Fett Festschmierstoffe wie PTFE, BN, Pyrophosphat, Zn-Oxid, Mg-Oxid, Pyrophosphate, Thiosulfate, Mg-Carbonat, Ca-Carbonat, Ca-Stearat, Zn-Sulfid, Mo-sulfid, W-sulfid, Sn-Sulfid, Graphite, Graphen, Nano-Tubes, SiO2-Modifikationen oder eine Mischung daraus enthalten.Further, the grease may include solid lubricants such as PTFE, BN, pyrophosphate, Zn oxide, Mg oxide, pyrophosphates, thiosulfates, Mg carbonate, Ca carbonate, Ca stearate, Zn sulfide, Mo sulfide, W sulfide, Sn Sulfide, graphites, graphene, nano-tubes, SiO 2 modifications or a mixture thereof.
Praktische Versuche haben gezeigt, dass das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl oder-fett bis zu einer Temperatur von 250°C keine oder zu vernachlässigende Zersetzungserscheinungen aufweist. Hierunter wird verstanden, dass sich weniger als 10% des Schmierstoffs zersetzen.Practical experiments have shown that the high temperature oil or fat according to the invention has up to a temperature of 250 ° C no or negligible decomposition phenomena. By this is meant that less than 10% of the lubricant decomposes.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl bzw. -fett kann als ein weiteres Grundöl ein Öl, vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Mineralöl, aliphatischen Carbonsäure- und Dicarbonsäureestern, Fettsäuretriglyceriden, Pyromellitsäureester, Diphenylether, Phloroglucinester und/oder Poly-alpha-olefinen, alpha-Olefinen-Copolymere enthalten.The high-temperature oil or fat according to the invention may contain, as another base oil, an oil, preferably selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, aliphatic carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty acid triglycerides, pyromellitic acid esters, diphenyl ethers, phloroglucinic esters and / or poly-alpha-olefins, alpha-olefin Contain copolymers.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform enthält das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl bzw. -fett ein Estolid, wobei vorzugsweise die Hauptbestandteile des Estolides gewonnen werden durch chemische oder enzymatische Prozesse ausgehend von nativen Ölen aus der Gruppe Sonnenblumenöl, Rapsöl, Rizinusöl, Leinöl, Maisöl, Diestelöl, Sojabohnenöl, Leinsamenöl, Erdnussöl, "Lesqueralle"-Öl, Palmöl, Olivenöl oder Mischungen aus den vorgenannten Ölen.In a particular embodiment, the high temperature oil or fat according to the invention contains an estolide, preferably the main constituents of the estolide being obtained by chemical or enzymatic processes starting from native oils from the group of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, linseed oil, corn oil, diest oil, soybean oil, linseed oil , Peanut oil, "Lesqueralle" oil, palm oil, olive oil or mixtures of the aforementioned oils.
Praktische Versuche haben gezeigt, dass das erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperaturöl bzw. -fett aufgrund seiner physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften hervorragend bei der Verwendung in Ketten, Wälz- und Gleitlagern, in der Fahrzeugtechnik, der Fördertechnik, dem Maschinenbau, der Bürotechnik sowie in industriellen Anlagen und Maschinen, aber auch in den Bereichen der Haushaltsmaschinen und der Unterhaltungselektronik ist. Aufgrund seiner guten Temperaturbeständigkeit kann er auch bei hohen Einsatztemperaturen bis 260°C, vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen von 150 bis 250°C eingesetzt werden.Practical tests have shown that the high-temperature oil or fat according to the invention, due to its physical and chemical properties, is outstandingly suitable for use in chains, rolling and sliding bearings, in vehicle technology, conveyor technology, mechanical engineering, office technology and in industrial plants and machines. but also in the fields of home appliances and consumer electronics. Due to its good temperature resistance, it can also be used at high operating temperatures up to 260 ° C, preferably at temperatures of 150 to 250 ° C.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des oben beschriebenen Hochtemperaturöls bzw. -fetts, bei dem die Grundöle und die Additive miteinander vermischt werden.The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the above-described High temperature oils or fats, in which the base oils and the additives are mixed together.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele näher erläutert.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples.
Es werden Estolide oder aliphatisch substituierte Naphthaline in einem Rührkessel vorgelegt. Bei 100°C wird unter Rühren das Polyisobutylen und ggf. ein weiteres Öl hinzugegeben. Anschließend wird das Gemisch 1 h gerührt, um eine homogene Mischung zu erhalten. Die Verschleißschutzmittel und das Antioxidationsmittel werden bei 60°C unter Rühren in den Kessel zugegeben. Nach ca. 1 Stunde kann das fertige Öl in die vorgesehenen Gebinde abgefüllt werden.Estolides or aliphatically substituted naphthalenes are initially charged in a stirred kettle. At 100 ° C, the polyisobutylene and optionally a further oil is added with stirring. Subsequently, the mixture is stirred for 1 h to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The anti-wear agents and the antioxidant are added to the kettle at 60 ° C with stirring. After about 1 hour, the finished oil can be filled into the containers provided.
Die Basisdaten der Ölbeispiele können aus Tabelle 3 entnommen werden.
Des weiteren wurde das Reibverhalten der Öle im SRV in Anlehnung an DIN 51834-2 und der Verdampfungsverlust im dynamischen TGA gemessen. Die Ergebnisse werden in den Tabellen 4 und 5 gezeigt und sind graphisch in den
Das Grundöl wird in einem Rührkessel vorgelegt. Bei 100°C wird unter Rühren das Polyisobutylen und ggf. ein weiteres Öl und das Verdickungsmittel hinzugegeben. Das Verdickungsmittel entsteht durch eine in situ-Reaktion der eingesetzten Reaktanten im Grundöl. Anschließend wird das Gemisch auf 150°C bis 210°C erhitzt, mehrere Stunden gerührt und wieder abgekühlt. Im Abkühlprozeß bei ca. 60°C werden die notwendigen Verschleißschutzmittel, Antioxidationsmittel und Korrosionsschutzmittel hinzugegeben. Eine homogene Mischung des Fettes erhält man durch den abschließenden Homogenisierungsschritt über Walze, Kolloidmühle oder die Gaulin.The base oil is placed in a stirred tank. At 100 ° C, the polyisobutylene and optionally a further oil and the thickener is added with stirring. The thickener is formed by an in situ reaction of the reactants used in the base oil. Subsequently, the mixture is heated to 150 ° C to 210 ° C, stirred for several hours and cooled again. In the cooling process at about 60 ° C, the necessary anti-wear agents, antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors are added. A homogeneous mixture of the fat is obtained by the final homogenization step on roller, colloid mill or Gaulin.
Die Zusammensetzungen der Hochtemperaturfette sind in Tabelle 6 gezeigt.
Bei den in den Beispielen 3 bis 8 verwendeten Verdickungsmitteln handelt es sich um:
- Beispiel 3: LiOH, 12-Hydroxystearinsäure, Azelainsäure,
- Beispiel 4: LiOH, 12-Hydroxystearinsäure, Azelainsäure,
- Beispiel 5: LiOH, 12-Hydroxystearinsäure, Azelainsäure,
- Beispiel 6: Di-Harnstoff; Methylen-Di-phenyl-diisocyanat (MDI), Octylamin, Oleylamin
- Beispiel 7: Di-Harnstoff; MDI, Octylamin, Oleylamin
- Beispiel 8: Di-Harnstoff; MDI, Octylamin, Oleylamin
- Example 3: LiOH, 12-hydroxystearic acid, azelaic acid,
- Example 4: LiOH, 12-hydroxystearic acid, azelaic acid,
- Example 5: LiOH, 12-hydroxystearic acid, azelaic acid,
- Example 6: Di-urea; Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), octylamine, oleylamine
- Example 7: Di-urea; MDI, octylamine, oleylamine
- Example 8: Di-urea; MDI, octylamine, oleylamine
Die allgemeinen Kenndaten der Fettmuster 3 bis 8 werden in Tabelle 7 gezeigt.
Die Verdampfungsverluste der verschiedenen Fettmuster bei 150°C nach 30 h liegen zwischen 2% und 5%, was die sehr gute thermische Stabilität dieser Fettkonzepte unterstreicht.
Einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Schmierwirkung eines Fettes hat die Ölabscheidung. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass einerseits die Ölabscheidung nicht zu hoch ist und das Öl aus dem Lager läuft und somit dem Tribo-System nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht und anderseits keine Ölabscheidung zu beobachten ist und die Schmierwirkung des Fettes verloren geht. Die Ölabscheidung sollte idealerweise zwischen 0,5 und 8 Gew.-% liegen, damit sich ein optimaler Schmierfilm im Lager ausbilden kann.The evaporation losses of the different fat samples at 150 ° C after 30 h are between 2% and 5%, which underlines the very good thermal stability of these fat concepts.
The oil separation has a decisive influence on the lubricating effect of a grease. It is important to ensure that on the one hand, the oil separation is not too high and the oil runs out of the warehouse and thus the Tribo system is no longer available and on the other hand no oil separation is observed and the lubricating effect of the grease is lost. The oil separation should ideally be between 0.5 and 8 wt .-%, so that an optimal lubricating film can form in the camp.
Die Fette der Beispiele wurden einem FE 9 Wälzlagertest nach DIN 51 821 unterzogen, bei dem die Lebensdauer der untersuchten Fette ermittelt wird und die obere Gebrauchstemperatur von Schmierfetten in Wälzlagern bei mittleren Drehzahlen und mittleren axialen Belastungen bestimmt wird.The greases of the examples were subjected to a FE 9 rolling bearing test according to DIN 51 821 in which the service life of the greases investigated is determined and the upper service temperature of greases in roller bearings at medium speeds and average axial loads is determined.
Die untersuchten Fette und die Ergebnisse der L10 und L50-Werte sind in Tabelle 8 gezeigt.
Die Tabelle 8 zeigt, dass die Laufzeiten durch die Verwendung von PIB in Verbindung mit verschiedenen Grundölen lange Laufzeiten aufweisen und somit für hohe Anwendungstemperaturen im Dauerbetrieb geeignet sind.Table 8 shows that the runtimes through the use of PIB in combination with various base oils have long run times and are thus suitable for high application temperatures in continuous operation.
Des weiteren wurde das Geräuschverhalten nach der Fette nach SKF Be Quiet + gemäß den Beispielen 3 bis 8 gemessen. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 9 angegeben.
Das Geräuschverhalten der verschiedenen Fettformulierungen wird durch die Verwendung des vollhydierten Polyisobutylens sehr positiv beeinflußt. Es können mit Ausnahme von Beispiel 6 gute bis sehr gute Geräuscheigenschaften erzielt werden.The noise behavior of the various fat formulations is very positively influenced by the use of fully hydrogenated polyisobutylene. With the exception of example 6, good to very good noise properties can be achieved.
Die Eigenschaftes des Fetts gemäß Beispiel 3, bei dem vollhydriertes PIB verwendet wurde, wurde nun mit einem Fett (Vergleichsbeispiel 3) verglichen, dass ein PIB enthielt, bei dem noch Doppelbindungen vorhanden waren, also ein nicht vollhydriertes PIB.
Die sonstige Zusammensetzung des Fetts gemäß Vergleichsbeispiel 3 entsprach der des Beispiels 3.
The other composition of the fat according to Comparative Example 3 corresponded to that of Example 3.
Der Vergleich der Fette mit vollhydriertem PIB und nicht vollhydriertem PIB in Tabelle 10 zeigt, dass das Fett des Beispiels 3 eine verdoppelte Laufzeit bei der FE9 Prüfung zeigt, geringere Verdampfungsverluste und ein signifikant besseres Geräuschverhalten aufweist.Comparison of the fats with fully hydrogenated PIB and non-fully hydrogenated PIB in Table 10 shows that the Example 3 grease exhibits a doubled run time in the FE9 test, has lower evaporation losses and significantly better noise performance.
Zum Nachweis der vorteilhaften Eigenschaften des Öls, das vollhydriertes PIB enthält, wurde dies mit einem Öl verglichen, dass ein teilweise hydriertes PIB enthält. Tabelle 11 zeigt die Ergebnisse.
3 = Rückstand nach vollständiger Verdampfung gut anlösbar
2 = Rückstand nach vollständiger Verdampfung partiell anlösbar
1 = Rückstand nach vollständiger Verdampfung nicht anlösbar
3 = residue readily dissolvable after complete evaporation
2 = residue partially soluble after complete evaporation
1 = residue can not be dissolved after complete evaporation
Tabelle 11 zeigt, dass deutliche Unterschiede bei der Verwendung von vollhydriertem und teilweise hydriertem PIB vorhanden sind. So ist das Anlösen des Rückstandes auf Basis des teilweise hydrierten PIV nicht mehr möglich, während des Öl mit dem vollhydriertem PIB sehr gute Wiederanlösungseigenschaften aufweist.Table 11 shows that there are significant differences in the use of fully hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated PIB. Thus, the dissolution of the residue based on the partially hydrogenated PIV is no longer possible, while the oil with the fully hydrogenated PIB has very good Wiederanlösungseigenschaften.
Claims (7)
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WO2021228442A1 (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-11-18 | Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg | Lithium complex hybrid grease |
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DE102016011022A1 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg | Biodegradable lubricant compositions with high elastomer compatibility for use in the marine sector, especially in the area of stern tube lubrication |
FR3060016B1 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-10-23 | Total Marketing Services | LUBRICATING COMPOSITION FOR INDUSTRIAL GEAR WITH FOOD CONTACT |
JP6919848B2 (en) * | 2017-05-01 | 2021-08-18 | 出光興産株式会社 | Grease composition |
US20190382680A1 (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2019-12-19 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Formulation approach to extend the high temperature performance of lithium complex greases |
DE102018008362A1 (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-01-09 | Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg | Environmentally friendly grease for steel cables |
DE102018006661A1 (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg | lubricant composition |
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PL3372660T3 (en) | 2022-01-31 |
PL3372659T3 (en) | 2021-10-25 |
JP6448801B2 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
WO2016096074A2 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
MX2017007674A (en) | 2018-01-23 |
EP3234079B1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
HUE057256T2 (en) | 2022-05-28 |
CN107406791A (en) | 2017-11-28 |
DE102014018718A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
EP3372659A1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
EP3372659B1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
KR102019083B1 (en) | 2019-11-04 |
US20170327760A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
ES2893843T3 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
KR20170085089A (en) | 2017-07-21 |
JP2017538838A (en) | 2017-12-28 |
MX2021012796A (en) | 2021-11-12 |
EP3372660B1 (en) | 2021-09-22 |
EP3234079A2 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
BR112017012528A2 (en) | 2018-03-13 |
WO2016096074A3 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
SI3372659T1 (en) | 2021-08-31 |
DK3372660T3 (en) | 2021-12-20 |
CN107406791B (en) | 2021-01-01 |
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