EP3215671B1 - Rope made of textile fibre material - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a rope made of textile fiber material and its use.

Ropes made of textile fiber material, for example synthetic fiber ropes, are used for numerous applications. Particularly in the field of conveyor technology, high-strength fiber ropes are already superior to the previously exclusively used or available steel ropes due to several advantages.

In elevator technology, where the drive is via traction sheaves, the advantages of the high-strength fiber rope are that the drives can work with a smaller ratio of pulley diameter to rope diameter than steel cables, since the fiber ropes this unlike steel cables without major disadvantages, such as Lifespan loss, allow. This results in the possibility of using smaller sizes of traction sheave drives, resulting in space and cost savings.

In addition, a high-strength fiber rope depending on the fiber material compared to a steel cable has a 4-6fach lighter weight, which has a favorable effect especially at high elevator heights. By means of suitable measures, in addition, higher permissible bending cycle numbers can be achieved by a multiple of high-strength fiber cables, resulting in a longer service life, ie lifetime, of the cable compared to steel cables.

For the elevator technology, the development of these ropes was specially geared to an optimum traction sheave drive with the highest possible friction coefficient between traction sheave and hoist rope. The known elevator fiber ropes are designed in a variety of constructions, they usually have a sheathing of the strands and a plastic sheathing of the complete rope. The sheathing is designed in such a way that it permanently withstands the loads during running over pulleys and in particular traction sheaves.

Such high-strength fiber ropes for use in traction sheave elevator drives are for example from EP 0 672 781 B and the EP 0 934 440 B known.

Lifting applications in lifting technology, for example tower cranes, mobile cranes, crawler cranes etc., do not use traction sheave drives but drum drives with multi-layered rope drums. The drum drives have compared to the traction sheave drives on the additional benefit, the unnecessary rope length stored in a controlled and orderly manner. This is not the case with the traction sheave drive, since in elevator technology the entire rope length between the car and the counterweight is used and thus no storage function is necessary. Drum drives in lifting technology also have a significantly higher lifting potential than traction sheave drives.

For operation on a multi-layer wound drum drive, a controlled, trouble-free and stable drum winding ("winding pyramid") over all cable layers is of fundamental importance. Under undisturbed Trommelbewicklung is a winding without gaps ("blocking") between adjacent turns of the same winding layer ("winding jump") without cutting the rope into the underlying winding layers and without rising of the rope on the flange outside the designated pitch zones understood. Stable drum winding is understood to mean little deformation of the winding package under load during the period of operation.

For a multi-layer winding on drums ropes of known for the traction sheave design and design, however, are not suitable because of the winding in a short time rope damage occurs. It comes in the multi-layer winding to strong cross-sectional deformation of the deposited on the drum rope when it is also loaded radially by layers deposited under load in addition to the longitudinal load. These cross-sectional deformations lead to a significantly increased material wear and disturbances in the winding pattern, since the upper cable layers can not be supported in an orderly manner on the lower cable layers deformed under radial load.

In addition, the high coefficient of friction of the cable surface in the multi-layer winding, which is necessary for traction sheave drives, additionally has a negative effect, since in the multi-layer winding rope is wound over the rope and, in the event of changes in the traction force, i. when picking up or setting down load, rope slides on rope. Due to the high friction and the load due to multi-layer winding, the sheathing of the rope breaks and dissolves very quickly and the rope must be laid down.

The EP 0 995 832 B proposes, for use with drive pulleys and rope drums, an aramid fiber rope consisting of at least two stranded layers twisted towards the spiral rope, the individual layers of strands being separated by an intermediate layer and the outer strand layer having the inner layer of strands adjacent to it stranded opposite direction of impact. The strike length ratio of the recoil stranding is 1.5 to 1.8.

According to EP 1 010 803 B The different strand layers of a synthetic fiber rope are coordinated so that cancel each other oppositely directed torques.

From the EP 1 930 497 B is a synthetic fiber rope is known, which is equipped with a two-layer, different colored cable sheath, so that the degree of wear of the rope can be visually checked.

The EP 1 004 700 B describes a synthetic fiber rope with multiple layers of strands, wherein the strands of the outermost layer is surrounded with a coating for protection against abrasion and harmful environmental influences.

In the US 4,022,010 describes a high-strength synthetic fiber rope, which consists of at least one core component made of elastic plastic material and twisted high-strength plastic fibers surrounding the core, wherein the core is pre-stretched and core and fibers are impregnated with an abrasion-resistant plastic material.

The EP 0 252 830 B1 describes a synthetic fiber rope having a central radially elastic core. The rope is continuously impregnated to the inside of the yarns with a binder.

The document Modney, W: "LUBRICANTS FOR ROPES", RESEARCH DISCLOSURE, MASON PUBLICATIONS, HAMPSHIRE, GB, No. 214,, page 54, XP001066432, ISSN: 0374-4353 describes a rope made of textile fiber material, wherein a) the load-bearing fiber material of the rope consists of high-strength plastic fibers, b) the rope is in the form of a Spirallitzenseiles, c) the rope at least two concentric load-bearing Litzenlagend and d) the individual strands of the Litzenlagen against each other are movable.

Further prior art is from the documents DE 202011001846 U1 . DE 202001001845 U1 . DE 20 2010006145 U1 . WO 2009/026730 A1 . DE 202010005730 U1 . EP 0 731 209 A1 . EP 1 930 496 A2 . GB 2 152 088 A . DE 2 853 661 C2 . EP 1 111 125 A1 . EP 1 461 490 A1 . EP 1 657 210 A1 . EP 1 930 497 A1 . EP 1 371 597 A1 . EP 0 117 122 A1 . WO 2012/146380 A2 . US 4,095,404A . US 2003/226347 A1 . US 2006/086415 A1 . US Pat. No. 7,908,955 B1 . US 2012/160082 A1 . WO 2005/019525 A1 . JP H01266289 A . DE 10 2009056068 A1 . US 2012/260620 A1 and WO 2008/129116 A1 known.

The invention has as its object to provide a rope of textile fiber material for lifting applications, which can be used with drum drives and overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the rope should have a comparable life with steel ropes durability and capacity.

This object is achieved by a rope made of textile fiber material with the features specified in claim 1. Preferred embodiments are given in the subclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

• FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a preferred embodiment of the cable according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the cable according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of the rope according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 schematically shows an apparatus for determining the friction coefficient.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has been found that a rope made of textile fiber material with the feature combination described in claim 1 is outstandingly suitable for solving the problems described above in rope applications with drum drive.

The term "rope of textile fiber material" means that the essential components of the rope, in particular its supporting elements of textile fiber material, such as. Strands of synthetic fibers. The rope of the invention may also comprise components of other materials, e.g. a core of non-textile material, a sheath of non-textile material, the rope or rope components impregnating materials or even individual non-textile strands with special function, e.g. for transmitting electrical signals.

Preferably, the entire rope, both in terms of load-bearing and non-load-bearing components, consists of textile fiber material.

1. a) das lasttragende Fasermaterial des Seiles besteht aus hochfesten Kunststofffasern
2. b) das Seil liegt in Form eines Spirallitzenseiles vor
3. c) das Seil weist mindestens zwei, bevorzugt mindestens drei konzentrische lasttragende Litzenlagen auf
4. d) die einzelnen Litzen der Litzenlagen sind gegeneinander bewegbar
5. e) der Füllungsgrad des Seiles an Fasermaterial beträgt ≥ 75%, bevorzugt ≥ 85%
6. f) die äußerste Schicht des Seiles weist einen Reibungskoeffizient µ gegenüber Stahl von µ < 0,15 auf.

The rope according to the invention is characterized by the combination of the following measures:

1. a) the load-bearing fiber material of the rope is made of high-strength plastic fibers
2. b) the rope is in the form of a Spirallitzenseiles before
3. c) the rope has at least two, preferably at least three concentric load-bearing strand layers
4. d) the individual strands of Litzenlagen are mutually movable
5. e) the degree of filling of the rope of fiber material is ≥ 75%, preferably ≥ 85%
6. f) the outermost layer of the rope has a coefficient of friction μ with respect to steel of μ <0.15.

It has been found that ropes with this combination of measures have very good resistance to the requirements, in particular in drum drive applications.

The high-strength fiber rope described here has optimum conditions for a multi-layer winding of drums in cable drives, in particular for applications in which steel cables were previously used. In addition, the rope according to the invention in addition to the optimum conditions for the multi-layer winding of drums meets all requirements for high bending fatigue strength and high breaking strength.

Comparative tests with commercially available steel cables under identical conditions (such as on the test bench according to publication no .: WO 2012/146 380 ) have shown that the rope according to the invention has a significantly higher rope life compared to the steel cable and other conventional fiber ropes.

To the individual measures:

Measure a)

The load-bearing fiber material of the rope according to the invention consists of high-strength plastic fibers. For the purposes of the present invention, "high strength" refers to fibers having a tensile strength of at least 14 cN / dtex, preferably a tensile strength of more than 24 cN / dtex, more preferably greater than 30 cN / dtex. As high strength fiber types with corresponding tensile strengths, e.g. UHMWPE fibers (Dyneema®), aramid fibers, LCP fibers and PBO fibers are known. Preferably, the entire load-bearing fiber material of the rope consists of UHMWPE fibers.

By "load-bearing fiber material" is meant that part of the fiber material of the rope which contributes to absorbing the tensile forces occurring during the application of the rope.

Measures b) and c)

The cable according to the invention is in the form of a Spirallitzenseiles. First, the textile fiber material is placed into a strand, turned or braided. Several of these strands are twisted together in several layers to form a rope. The strand layers may consist of different fiber materials in relation to each other, have different diameters, different numbers of strands, different directions of impact and different impact angles. Also within the individual strand layers different fiber materials and strands can be provided with different diameters.

In particular, the cable according to the invention has at least two, preferably at least three concentric load-bearing strand layers. In this case, the respective outermost layer of strands preferably has the direction of impact opposite to the direction of impact of the inner layers of strands.

By "load-bearing strand layers" it is to be understood that the strand layers in their entirety contribute to the absorption of the tensile forces occurring during the application of the rope. Of course, a strand layer contain strands that are not designed to be load-bearing on its own. Similarly, a strand, even if it acts load-bearing, partially contain materials that do not load bearing.

Measure d)

The individual strands of Litzenlagen are movable against each other. From the prior art for ropes in traction sheave applications is known (eg EP 0 995 832 ), to fill the spaces between the strands and Litzenlagen with an elastically deformable intermediate material. As a result, the individual strands or strand layers are not movable relative to each other. It has been found that this arrangement is disadvantageous, in particular for drum-driven applications, and mutual mobility of the strands against one another increases the resistance of the cable.

Measure e)

The degree of filling of the rope on textile fiber material is ≥ 75%, preferably ≥ 85%. It has been shown that a high degree of filling of the rope to fiber material, that is a very dense arrangement of the fiber material, both in terms of solving the problems described above in the application as well as in terms of the life of the rope itself is important.

The degree of filling of the rope on textile fiber material is determined by the measuring method described in detail below. It comprises all load bearing as well as non load bearing textile elements of the rope, e.g. also a core of textile fiber material or a sheath of textile fiber material.

Conventional fiber ropes have a filling level of textile fiber material of up to 60%. In particular, by the construction described here of the rope as Spirallitzenseil and other measures described below, very high degrees of filling of 75% and more or even 85% or more can be achieved in the cable according to the invention.

The rope according to the invention also has a low content of non-textile binding and impregnating agents. This proportion is 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, in each case based on the total mass of the rope.

Measure f)

The outermost layer of the rope according to the invention has a coefficient of friction μ with respect to steel of μ <0.15.

For ropes for applications with traction sheave drive is known that the outermost layer of the rope (in particular a jacket) has a high coefficient of friction to allow the corresponding adhesion to the drive wheel.

According to the invention it has been shown that for applications, in particular with drum drive, a low coefficient of friction of the outermost layer of the cable compared to steel is favorable. The outermost layer of the rope is a jacket surrounding the rope or, if no jacket is provided, the outermost layer of strands.

The friction coefficient of the outermost layer to steel is determined according to the measurement method given below.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cable is surrounded by a jacket, wherein, as explained above, the jacket surrounding the cable has a coefficient of friction μ with respect to steel of μ <0.15.

The Spirallitzenseil invention is protected by the jacket from external influences such as abrasion, penetration of particles, ultraviolet radiation, etc.

This jacket can be made of textile fiber material, but also other materials and be wound, laid, braided or extruded. The low coefficient of friction of the jacket ensures very good sliding properties in multi-layer winding.

In a further preferred embodiment of the rope according to the invention, the strand layers are coordinated so that the rope is substantially free of rotation under load.

According to Feyrer, wire ropes. Design, operation, safety. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2000, p. 115 , a rope is considered to be rotation-free if, during the tensile load of S / d ² = 0 N / mm ² to S / d ² = 150 N / mm ^2, the twist angle per rope length remains smaller than ≤ ± 360 ° / 1000d.

The stability of the rope against twisting during operation is important. Due to the helix shape of the strands in the rope resulting from the impact process, each strand layer develops a torque under tensile load. According to the preferred embodiment, the Litzenlagen the rope according to the invention in diameters, cross-sectional proportions and impact angles are coordinated so that the Litzendrehmomente cancel each other under load and the Spirallitzenseil is torque-free in this way.

A further preferred embodiment of the rope according to the invention is characterized in that the ratio of the lay length of one of the strand layers to the lay length of the strand layer adjacent to the cable center is less than 1.5, preferably 0.7 to 1.0, particularly preferably 0.8 to 0, 9 amounts to.

From the prior art of fiber ropes for applications with traction sheave drive is known (eg EP 0 995 832 ), the lay length of a strand layer each significantly larger, especially in a ratio of 1.5 or more, to provide the lay length of the underlying strand layer.

In contrast, it has been found according to the invention that it is advantageous if the ratio of the lay length of at least one of the strand layers to the lay length of the strand layer adjacent to the cable center is less than 1.5, preferably 0.7 to 1.0, particularly preferably 0.8 to 0, 9 amounts to. This applies in particular to the ratio of the lay length of the outermost layer of strands to the adjacent inner layer of strands. Particularly preferred is a structure of the rope with three layers of strands, in which the ratio of the lay length of the outermost layer of strands to the center strand layer is 1.0 or less. In this embodiment, the ratio of the lay length of the middle strand layer to the innermost strand layer may be 1.0 to 2.0.

As shown above, the rope according to the invention has a high degree of filling of textile fiber material. The high degree of filling can be achieved by the described construction of the rope as Spirallitzenseil and additionally by one or more of the following measures:
The fiber material of the rope can be compacted, for example by rolling, rolling, hammering.

The fiber material of the rope may preferably be stretched by more than 15% of its breaking strength, more preferably by 35% to 55% of its breaking force.

The fiber material of the rope can be subjected to a heat treatment in which the fiber material is heated to a defined temperature for a defined period of time and finally cooled in a defined manner. This process can also be performed several times.

In all three variants described (which may be used individually or in combination), the measures described in each case on the entire finished rope (with or without coat), on the individual strands of the rope and / or on the stranding materials, such as Yarns or threads are made.

By means of the measures described, settlement effects occurring later in operation are anticipated and, in particular, the degree of filling is significantly increased, since the fibers optimally rest against one another and cavities which inevitably arise during stranding are eliminated.

Furthermore, the actual breaking load is significantly increased, since length and load differences between individual strands and fibers are homogenized.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the load-bearing strands of the rope are each provided individually with a sheath. The yarns forming the strand can also be surrounded individually or in groups with an enveloping layer. This strand-wrapping layer can be, for example, a winding, a braid, a scrim or an extruded layer and protects the strands from the stress during operation of the rope.

Furthermore, the friction coefficients between fibers and strands as well as Spirallitzenseil and protective jacket can be selectively adjusted by targeted addition of excipients on bitumen-based and / or silicone-based in the production of high-strength fiber rope and the stability against the stress during operation of the rope can be further increased.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the rope of the invention as a load rope for drum driven applications. In particular, the rope according to the invention is outstandingly suitable as a hoisting rope, adjusting cable or traction cable.

The rope according to the invention may have a diameter of 6 mm to 200 mm and more.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are explained below with reference to the figures.

measurement methods FILLING DEGREE

• der tatsächliche Seildurchmesser d
• das tatsächliche Seilgewicht m an textilem Fasermaterial

Before determining the degree of filling, determine:

• the actual rope diameter d
• the actual rope weight m of textile fiber material

Rope diameter

The determination of the rope diameter d is carried out in the de-energized state at three 100 mm apart from each other diameters in each case two perpendicular to each other (90 °) standing directions. If the cable cross-section is not circular, determine the maximum and minimum diameters in each section. The cable cross section must not be subjected to any deformation during the measurement.

The rope diameter d shall be determined and used as the arithmetic mean of the six measured values to a minimum of 0.01 mm.

Rope weight m

The determination of the rope weight m shall be carried out and used in accordance with ISO 2307: 2010, 9.8 "Fineness / linear mass".

For the reference voltage (ISO 2307: 2010 Annex A), always use the next larger nominal diameter of the table.

The conditioning according to ISO 2307: 2010, 8 must be fulfilled.

Any existing non-textile components must be removed.

Density ρ

The density ρ of the textile rope material is set at 1.4 g / cm ³ for the purposes of the present invention.

mit

• f = Füllungsgrad in %
• m = spezifisches Seilgewicht der textilen Bestandteile in g/m bestimmt nach ISO 2307:2010, 9.8
• d = Seildurchmesser in mm

The degree of filling should be determined as follows: $$\mathrm{f}=\left\{\mathrm{m}/\left[\left(\mathrm{\pi }*{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^2/4\right)*1.4\mathrm{G}/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="cm"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cm</figure-callout>}}^3\right]\right\}*100$$

With

• f = degree of filling in%
• m = specific rope weight of the textile components in g / m determined according to ISO 2307: 2010, 9.8
• d = rope diameter in mm

FRICTION COEFFICIENT Measuring device:

The rope is pulled over a standing metal disc with a flat surface (no scoring). Due to the friction of the rope to be tested, the disc is taken more or less strongly. The disc is fixed, a load cell measures the force passing through the entrainment is caused by the rope to be tested. The measuring device is in Fig. 4 shown schematically.

The surface of the disc must be flat (no scoring) and must have a maximum mean surface roughness of R _A ≤ 0.2 μm.

measurement methods

Before each test, the surface of the glass should be cleaned with alcohol.

The rope is clamped on the tension side.

The rope is loaded with constant load M on the load side.

The rope must rest on the center of the disc.

The measuring device is tared to 0.

The rope is pulled off at constant speed v = 0.05 m / s on the tension side.

The constant tensile load S2 occurring during the pulling process must be measured with an accuracy of ± 3%.

coefficient of friction

mit

• µ = Reibungskoeffizient
• In = natürlicher Logarithmus mit Basis e
• S2 = Seilzugkraft auf Zugseite
• S1 = Seilzugkraft auf Gewichtsseite
• α = Umschlingungswinkel des Seiles auf der Scheibe im Bogenmaß

The friction coefficient is to be determined as follows: $$\mathrm{\mu }=\left[\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="ln\; S"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">ln\; </figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{S}\right)\left(\mathrm{}2/\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}1\right)\right]*\left(1/\mathrm{\alpha }\right)$$

With

• μ = coefficient of friction
• In = natural logarithm with base e
• S2 = traction on tension side
• S1 = cable pull on the weight side
• α = angle of wrap of the rope on the wheel in radians

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a preferred embodiment of the rope 1 according to the invention. FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the rope. 1

The rope 1 contains a core 2 of preferably textile fiber material. To the core 2, three concentric Litzenlagen 3, 4 and 5 are provided, each consisting of several strands and are stranded together in the form of a Spirallitzenseiles.

In the embodiment shown, the innermost strand layer 3 consists of 5 strands, of which two strands are denoted by the reference numerals 7 and 8 in the figure. The middle strand layer 4 consists of 12 strands, of which two strands are denoted by the reference numerals 9 and 10 in the figures. The outermost strand layer 5 consists of 19 strands, of which two strands are denoted by the reference numerals 11 and 12 in the figures.

The fiber material of the strands consists essentially of high strength plastic fibers, e.g. UHMWPE fibers, aramid fibers, LCP fibers or PBO fibers.

To the outermost strand layer 5, a jacket 6 is provided in the illustrated embodiment. But it can also represent the outermost strand layer 5, the outermost layer of the rope. The jacket 6 has a coefficient of friction μ with respect to steel of μ <0.15 and is preferably made of textile fiber material, e.g. UHMWPE manufactured. If no sheath 6 is provided, then the fiber material of the outermost strand layer 5 has a correspondingly low coefficient of friction μ.

In the illustrated embodiment, all the strands 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and also the core 2 are provided with a sheath, which in the Figures 2 and 3 for a strand with the reference numeral 13 is indicated.

The strand layers 3, 4 and 5 are movable against each other and also relative to the core 2 and the sheath 6. Likewise, the individual strands 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 are mutually movable.

As in particular from FIG. 2 it can be seen, in particular the outermost strand layer 5 and the middle strand layer 4 are stranded together in the opposite direction of impact.

The degree of filling of the rope of textile fiber material is 85% (not apparent from the schematic representations of the figures).

The ratio of the lay lengths of the individual layers of strands with one another is not shown in the figures, but is preferably 1.0 or less, in particular in the case of the outermost layer of strands (5) relative to the middle strand layer (4).

FIG. 3 shows the perspective view of a rope 1 with an otherwise analogous structure for in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown rope 1 only two strand layers 3 and 4.

Claims (7)

1. A rope (1) made of textile fibre material, characterized by the combination of features whereby

   a) the load-bearing fibre material of the rope (1) consists of high-strength synthetic fibres having a tensile strength of at least 14 cN/dtex

   b) the rope (1) is in the form of a spiral strand rope

   c) the rope (1) has at least two, preferably at least three concentric load-bearing strand layers (3,4,5)

   d) the individual strands (7,8,9,10,11,12) of the strand layers (3,4,5) are movable with respect to one another

   e) the degree of filling of the rope (1) with textile fibre material is ≥ 75%, preferably ≥ 85%, determined by the measuring method as indicated in the specification

   f) the outermost ply (5,6) of the rope has a coefficient of friction µ with respect to steel of µ < 0.15, determined by the measuring method as indicated in the specification.
2. A rope (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rope (1) is surrounded by a sheath (6) as the outermost ply, wherein the sheath (6) has a coefficient of friction µ with respect to steel of µ < 0.15, determined by the measuring method as indicated in the specification.
3. A rope (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the strand layers (3,4,5) are aligned with each other such that the rope (1) is non-twisting under load, determined by the measuring method as indicated in the specification.
4. A rope (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the length of lay of one of the strand layers (5) to the length of lay of the strand layer (4) adjacent in the direction of the rope centre is less than 1.5, preferably 0.7 to 1.0, particularly preferably 0.8 to 0.9.
5. A rope (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibre material of the rope (1) is compacted.
6. A rope (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load-bearing strands (7,8,9,10,11,12,13) of the rope (1) are each provided individually with a sheathing (13).
7. The use of a rope (1) according to any of the preceding claims as a load rope for applications involving a drum drive.

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