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EP0672781B2 - Cable for lifts - Google Patents

Cable for lifts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0672781B2
EP0672781B2 EP95101891A EP95101891A EP0672781B2 EP 0672781 B2 EP0672781 B2 EP 0672781B2 EP 95101891 A EP95101891 A EP 95101891A EP 95101891 A EP95101891 A EP 95101891A EP 0672781 B2 EP0672781 B2 EP 0672781B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
rope
strands
casing
load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95101891A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0672781B1 (en
EP0672781A1 (en
Inventor
Claudio Dipl.-Ing. De Angelis
Ernst Ing. Htl Ach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
Original Assignee
Inventio AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority claimed from PCT/CH1994/000044 external-priority patent/WO1994020770A1/en
Priority claimed from CH02578/94A external-priority patent/CH690010A5/en
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Publication of EP0672781A1 publication Critical patent/EP0672781A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0672781B1 publication Critical patent/EP0672781B1/en
Publication of EP0672781B2 publication Critical patent/EP0672781B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/06—Arrangements of ropes or cables
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/025—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics comprising high modulus, or high tenacity, polymer filaments or fibres, e.g. liquid-crystal polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/162—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
    • D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
    • D07B5/006—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties by the properties of an outer surface polymeric coating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
    • D07B2201/102—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure including a core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
    • D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1092—Parallel strands
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071—Spacers
    • D07B2201/2074—Spacers in radial direction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D07B2205/205—Aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2064—Polyurethane resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/2065—Reducing wear
    • D07B2401/207—Reducing wear internally
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2007—Elevators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rope as a support means for elevators, wherein the one end of the rope is connected to a cabin or load-carrying means and carrying strands of the rope are made of aramid fibers and are surrounded by a completely enclosed sheath made of plastic.
  • steel cables are used in elevator construction, which are connected to the cabins or the load-carrying means and counterweights, in the simplest case 1: 1.
  • the use of steel cables has some disadvantages. Due to the high weight of the steel cable the lifting height of an elevator system limits. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction between the metal traction sheave and the steel cable is so low that the coefficient of friction must be increased by various measures such as special groove shapes or special groove feeds in the traction sheave or by increasing the wrap angle.
  • the steel cable between the drive and the elevator car acts as a sound bridge, which means a reduction in ride comfort. In order to reduce these undesirable effects, complex constructive measures are required.
  • steel ropes bear a lower number of bending cycles compared to synthetic ropes, are subject to corrosion and must be regularly maintained.
  • the insert ring is made up of several spaced individual segments. The expansion of the insert ring due to heating is compensated by the distances between the individual segments.
  • the elastic material can dodge into the cuts and is thus relieved to some extent, so that no cracks in the rope groove arise. For local wear of the insert ring, individual segments must be replaced.
  • a steel cable is further used as the support means, which has the disadvantages mentioned above. Furthermore, due to the small length of the running surface of the pulley in relation to the length of the steel cord, the elastic insert is heavily worn and must therefore often be replaced, which brings high maintenance costs.
  • the rope described above can not be used in practice as a powered suspension means for lifts or loads. No traction is possible over the hose jacket surrounding the strands. The binding forces between the hose jacket and the strands are so low that the load would have to be carried mainly by the jacket, which leads to uncontrollable jacket displacements and thus after a short time to the shell break and the falling apart of the rope. Similarly, when overdriving the rope on the traction sheave, only the sheath is driven; the strands stop. Further, the large cavities between the strands under load lead to a deformation of the rope, the strands shift against each other, the rope twists and jumps when released from the grooves of the traction sheave.
  • EP 0 168 774 discloses a rope constructed of aramid fibers.
  • the aramid fibers are turned into bundles and impregnated with polyurethane resin. The bundles are wrapped in a fabric.
  • Several elements thus obtained give stranded and cured aramid fiber rope. This rope is suitable to absorb high tensile forces and bending loads.
  • US4624097 discloses a synthetic fiber rope with aramid fibers, in which the aramid fibers in bundles parallel, movable side by side and the elements thus formed are twisted into strands. From several of these strands a rope is formed, which is provided with an extruded sheath. This rope is particularly suitable for the transmission of high tensile forces, such as occur when moving elevator cars. It should also be suitable for high bending stress.
  • the invention has for its object to optimize an aramid fiber rope as a suspension for lifts. This object is achieved by the invention characterized in claim 1.
  • Fig.1 shows a section through an inventive Aramidfaserseil 1.
  • a sheath 2 surrounds an outermost Litzenlage 3.
  • the sheath 2 made of plastic, preferably polyurethane, increases the coefficient of friction of the rope 1 on the traction sheave.
  • the outermost strand layer 3 must have such high binding forces to the casing 2 that it does not shift or form upsets due to the thrust forces occurring when the cable 1 is loaded. These binding forces are achieved by the plastic casing 2 is sprayed (extruded), so that all the spaces between the strands 4 are filled and a large holding surface is formed.
  • the strands 4 are turned or beaten from individual aramid fibers 5.
  • Each individual strand 4 is treated to protect the fibers 5 with an impregnating agent, polyurethane solution.
  • the flexural strength of the rope 1 depends on the proportion of polyurethane in each strand 4. The higher the proportion of the polyurethane, the higher the bending cycle performance. However, as the proportion of polyurethane increases, the load bearing capacity and modulus of elasticity of the aramid fiber rope 1 decreases.
  • the polyurethane content for impregnating the strands 4 is between ten and sixty percent, depending on the desired flexural change performance. Conveniently, the individual strands 4 can also be protected by a braided sheath made of polyester fibers.
  • a friction-reducing intermediate sheath 7 is therefore provided between the outer strand layer 3 and the inner strand layer 6.
  • the same friction reducing effect can be achieved by treating silicone of the underlying strands 4.
  • the wear is kept low in the outer strand layer 3 and inner strand layers 6, which perform the most relative movements in the bending of the rope on the traction sheave.
  • elevator ropes Unlike tethers, elevator ropes must be very compact and tightly twisted so that they do not deform on the traction sheave or begin to rotate as a result of their own or deflecting action.
  • the gaps and cavities between the individual layers of the strands 4 are therefore filled by means of Greitzen 9, which can act against other strands 4 supporting, to obtain a nearly circular Litzenlage 6 and to increase the degree of filling.
  • These fillets 9 are made of plastic, e.g. made of polyamide.
  • the aramid fibers 4 which consist of highly oriented molecular chains, have a high tensile strength. In contrast to steel, however, the aramid fiber 5 has a rather low transverse strength due to its atomic structure.
  • Fig.2 shows a perspective view of the structure of the inventive aramid fiber rope 1.
  • the twisted aramid fibers 5 or beaten strands 4 are struck including the Greitzen 9 by a soul 10 layers left or right.
  • Between an inner and the outer strand layer 3 of the friction-reducing intermediate jacket 7 is attached.
  • the outermost strand layer 3 is covered by the casing 2.
  • the surface 11 of the casing 2 can be structured.
  • the object of the sheath 2 is to ensure the desired coefficient of friction to the traction sheave and protect the strands 4 from mechanical and chemical damage and UV rays.
  • the load is carried exclusively by the strands 4.
  • the constructed of aramid fibers 5 rope 1 has the same cross-section compared to a steel cable a much higher load capacity and only one-fifth to one-sixth of the specific weight on. For the same load capacity, therefore, the diameter of an aramid fiber rope 1 can be reduced over a conventional steel rope.
  • the rope 1 is completely protected against corrosion. Maintenance such as steel cables, eg to grease the ropes, is no longer necessary.
  • Another embodiment of the aramid fiber rope 1 consists in the different configuration of the casing second
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an elevator system.
  • a guided in an elevator shaft 12 cabin 13 is driven by a drive motor 14 with a traction sheave 15 on the inventive aramid fiber rope 1.
  • a counterweight 16 hangs as a balancing organ.
  • the coefficient of friction between the cable 1 and the traction sheave 15 will now be designed such that when the counterweight 16 is placed on a buffer 17, further conveyance of the cabin 13 is prevented.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an elevator system with a suspension of 2: 1.
  • Rope end 18 for the aramid fiber rope 1 are not attached to the cabin 13 and the counterweight 16, but in each case at the upper shaft end 19 in this arrangement.
  • Figure 5 shows the inventive aramid fiber rope 1 on the traction sheave 15 in cross section.
  • the shape of a groove 20 of the coupled to the drive motor 14 of the elevator traction sheave 15 is preferably half-round for an optimal fitting of the rope 1. Since the rope 1 deforms somewhat under load on the support surface, an oval groove shape can also be selected. These simple groove shapes can be used because the plastic sheath 2 produces a sufficiently large coefficient of friction. At the same time, due to the high coefficients of friction, the wrap angle of the rope 1 on the traction sheave 15 can be reduced.
  • the groove shape of the traction sheave 15 can be made equal for lifts of different loads, since the coefficient of friction is determined by the surface structure 11 and the material of the casing 2.
  • the traction sheave 15 can be reduced in size due to the smaller rope diameter of the aramid fiber rope 1 and the associated, possible smaller pulley diameter. A smaller pulley diameter leads to a smaller drive torque and thus to a smaller engine size. Also, the production and storage of traction sheaves 15 is much easier and cheaper. Due to the large contact surface of the rope 1 in the groove 20 also results in smaller surface pressures, which extends the life of rope 1 and traction sheave 15 considerably. The rope 1 made of aramid fibers 5 also does not allow transmission of the frequencies emanating from the traction sheave 15. Thus eliminating a driving comfort-reducing excitation of the cabin 13 via the rope. 1

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
  • Flexible Shafts (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)

Abstract

A cable to support and carry a lift or elevator cage has carrier strands (4) of synthetic fibres. The surrounding shrouding (2) is of plastic, pref. polyurethane.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Seil als Tragmittel für Aufzüge, wobei das eine Seilende mit einer Kabine bzw. Lastaufnahmemittel verbunden ist und tragende Litzen des Seils aus Aramidfasern bestehen und von einer ringsum geschlossenen Ummantelung aus Kunststoff umgeben sind.The invention relates to a rope as a support means for elevators, wherein the one end of the rope is connected to a cabin or load-carrying means and carrying strands of the rope are made of aramid fibers and are surrounded by a completely enclosed sheath made of plastic.

Bis heute werden im Aufzugsbau Stahlseile verwendet, welche mit den Kabinen bzw. den Lastaufnahmemitteln und Gegengewichten, im einfachsten Fall 1:1, verbunden sind. Die Verwendung von Stahlseilen bringt jedoch einige Nachteile mit sich. Durch das hohe Eigengewicht des Stahlseiles sind der Hubhöhe einer Aufzugsanlage Grenzen gesetzt. Desweitern ist der Reibwert zwischen der metallenen Treibscheibe und dem Stahlseil so gering, dass durch verschiedene Massnahmen wie spezielle Rillenformen oder spezielle Rillenfütterungen in der Treibscheibe oder durch Vergrössern des Umschlingungswinkels der Reibwert erhöht werden muss. Ausserdem wirkt das Stahlseil zwischen dem Antrieb und der Aufzugskabine als Schallbrücke, was eine Minderung des Fahrkomforts bedeutet. Um diese unerwünschten Wirkungen zu reduzieren, bedarf es aufwendiger konstruktiver Massnahmen. Zudem ertragen Stahlseile, gegenüber den Kunstfaserseilen, eine geringere Biegezyklenzahl, sind der Korrosion ausgesetzt und müssen regelmässig gewartet werden.To date, steel cables are used in elevator construction, which are connected to the cabins or the load-carrying means and counterweights, in the simplest case 1: 1. The use of steel cables, however, has some disadvantages. Due to the high weight of the steel cable the lifting height of an elevator system limits. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction between the metal traction sheave and the steel cable is so low that the coefficient of friction must be increased by various measures such as special groove shapes or special groove feeds in the traction sheave or by increasing the wrap angle. In addition, the steel cable between the drive and the elevator car acts as a sound bridge, which means a reduction in ride comfort. In order to reduce these undesirable effects, complex constructive measures are required. In addition, steel ropes bear a lower number of bending cycles compared to synthetic ropes, are subject to corrosion and must be regularly maintained.

Mit der CH-PS 495 911 ist ein Einlagering zur Auskleidung der Drahtseilrillen von Seilrollen für Seilbahnen und Aufzüge bekanntgeworden, der zur Dämpfung der Geräusche und zur Schonung der Drahtseile aus elastischem Material besteht. Um eine bessere Ableitung der inneren Wärme zu gewährleisten, ist der Einlagering aus mehreren, voneinander distanzierten Einzelsegmenten aufgebaut. Die infolge von Erwärmung erfolgte Ausdehnung des Einlageringes wird durch die Abstände zwischen den einzelnen Segmenten kompensiert. Bei Belastung durch das Drahtseil kann das elastische Material in die Einschnitte ausweichen und wird dadurch gewissermassen entlastet, so dass auch keine Risse in der Seilrille entstehen. Bei örtlichen Abnutzungen des Einlageringes müssen einzelne Segmente ausgewechselt werden.With the CH-PS 495 911 a Einlagering has become known for lining the wire rope grooves of pulleys for cable cars and lifts, which consists for damping the noise and to protect the wire ropes of elastic material. In order to ensure a better dissipation of the internal heat, the insert ring is made up of several spaced individual segments. The expansion of the insert ring due to heating is compensated by the distances between the individual segments. When loaded by the wire, the elastic material can dodge into the cuts and is thus relieved to some extent, so that no cracks in the rope groove arise. For local wear of the insert ring, individual segments must be replaced.

Bei der vorstehend beschriebenen Erfindung wird weiterhin ein Stahlseil als Tragmittel verwendet, welches die eingangs genannten Nachteile aufweist. Desweitern wird durch die geringe Länge der Lauffläche der Seilrolle im Verhältnis zur Länge des Stahlseils die elastische Einlage stark abgenutzt und muss somit oft ersetzt werden, was hohe Wartungskosten mit sich bringt.In the invention described above, a steel cable is further used as the support means, which has the disadvantages mentioned above. Furthermore, due to the small length of the running surface of the pulley in relation to the length of the steel cord, the elastic insert is heavily worn and must therefore often be replaced, which brings high maintenance costs.

Mit der DE 24 55 273 ist ein Kranseil aus Kunststoff bekanntgeworden, das insbesondere beim ständigen Lauf über kleine Seilrollen, eine hohe Lebensdauer haben soll. Einzelne tragende Kunststofflitzen werden zu einem Seil geschlagen und sind von einem schlauchförmigem Kunststoffmantel umgeben.With the DE 24 55 273 a crane rope made of plastic has become known, which should have a long service life especially when constantly running on small pulleys. Individual carrying plastic strands are beaten into a rope and surrounded by a tubular plastic jacket.

Das oben beschriebene Seil kann in der Praxis nicht als angetriebenes Tragmittel für Aufzüge oder Lasten verwendet werden. Über den die Litzen umgebenden Schlauchmantel ist keine Traktion möglich. Die Bindekräfte zwischen dem Schlauchmantel und den Litzen sind so gering, dass die Last hauptsächlich vom Mantel getragen werden müsste, was zu nicht beherrschbaren Mantelverschiebungen und somit nach kurzer Zeit zum Mantelbruch und zum Auseinanderfallen des Seils führt. Ebenso wird beim Übertreiben des Seils auf der Treibscheibe nur der Mantel angetrieben; die Litzen bleiben stehen. Weiter führen die grossen Hohlräume zwischen den Litzen unter Last zu einer Verformung des Seils, die Litzen verschieben sich gegeneinander, das Seil verdreht sich und springt bei Entlastung aus den Rillen der Treibscheibe.The rope described above can not be used in practice as a powered suspension means for lifts or loads. No traction is possible over the hose jacket surrounding the strands. The binding forces between the hose jacket and the strands are so low that the load would have to be carried mainly by the jacket, which leads to uncontrollable jacket displacements and thus after a short time to the shell break and the falling apart of the rope. Similarly, when overdriving the rope on the traction sheave, only the sheath is driven; the strands stop. Further, the large cavities between the strands under load lead to a deformation of the rope, the strands shift against each other, the rope twists and jumps when released from the grooves of the traction sheave.

EP 0 168 774 offenbart ein Seil, das aus Aramidfasern aufgebaut ist. Die Aramidfasern sind zu Bündeln gedreht und mit Polyurethan Harz getränkt. Die Bündel sind mit einem Gewebe umhüllt. Mehrere so erhaltene Elemente, ergeben miteinander verseilt und ausgehärtet ein Aramidfaserseil. Dieses Seil ist geeignet hohe Zugkräfte und Biegelasten aufzunehmen. EP 0 168 774 discloses a rope constructed of aramid fibers. The aramid fibers are turned into bundles and impregnated with polyurethane resin. The bundles are wrapped in a fabric. Several elements thus obtained give stranded and cured aramid fiber rope. This rope is suitable to absorb high tensile forces and bending loads.

US4624097 offenbart ein Kunstfaserseil mit Aramidfasern, bei dem die Aramidfasern in Bündeln parallel, beweglich nebeneinander liegen und die so gebildeten Elemente zu Litzen verdreht sind. Aus mehreren dieser Litzen ist ein Seil gebildet, das mit einer extrudierten Ummantelung versehen ist. Dieses Seil ist besonders geeignet für die Übertragung von hohen Zugkräften, wie sie beispielsweise beim Bewegen von Aufzugskabinen auftreten. Auch für hohe Biegebeanspruchung soll es geeignet sein. US4624097 discloses a synthetic fiber rope with aramid fibers, in which the aramid fibers in bundles parallel, movable side by side and the elements thus formed are twisted into strands. From several of these strands a rope is formed, which is provided with an extruded sheath. This rope is particularly suitable for the transmission of high tensile forces, such as occur when moving elevator cars. It should also be suitable for high bending stress.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Aramidfaserseil als Tragmittel für Aufzüge zu optimieren. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Patentanspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Erfindung gelöst.The invention has for its object to optimize an aramid fiber rope as a suspension for lifts. This object is achieved by the invention characterized in claim 1.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Massnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Aramidfaserseils möglich.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the claim 1 aramid fiber rope are possible.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt und im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
ein Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemässes AramidfaserSeil,
Fig.2
eine perspektivische Darstellung des erfindungsgemässen Aramidfaserseils,
Fig.3
eine schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage,
Fig.4
eine schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage mit einer Umhängung von 2:1, und
Fig.5
ein Ausschnitt einer Treibscheibe mit daraufliegendem erfindungsgemässen Aramidfaserseil im Querschnitt.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown and explained in more detail below. Show it:
Fig.1
a section through an inventive AramidfaserSeil,
Fig.2
a perspective view of the inventive aramid fiber rope,
Figure 3
a schematic representation of an elevator system,
Figure 4
a schematic representation of an elevator system with a suspension of 2: 1, and
Figure 5
a section of a traction sheave with aramid fiber rope according to the invention lying thereon in cross-section.

Fig.1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemässes Aramidfaserseil 1. Eine Ummantelung 2 umgibt eine äusserste Litzenlage 3. Die Ummantelung 2 aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise Polyurethan, erhöht den Reibwert des Seiles 1 auf der Treibscheibe. Die äusserste Litzenlage 3 muss so hohe Bindekräfte zur Ummantelung 2 aufweisen, dass sich diese durch die bei Belastung des Seils 1 auftretenden Schubkräfte nicht verschiebt oder Aufstauchungen bildet. Diese Bindekräfte werden erreicht, indem die Kunststoffummantelung 2 aufgespritzt (extrudiert) wird, so dass alle Zwischenräume zwischen den Litzen 4 ausgefüllt sind und eine grosse Haltefläche gebildet wird. Die Litzen 4 werden aus einzelnen Aramidfasern 5 gedreht oder geschlagen. Jede einzelne Litze 4 wird zum Schutz der Fasern 5 mit einem Imprägniermittel, Polyurethanlösung, behandelt. Die Biegewechselfähigkeit des Seils 1 ist abhängig vom Anteil des Polyurethans an jeder Litze 4. Je höher der Anteil des Polyurethans, desto höher wird die Biegewechselleistung. Mit steigendem Polyurethananteil sinkt jedoch die Tragfähigkeit und der E-Modul des Aramidfaserseils 1. Der Polyurethananteil zur Imprägnierung der Litzen 4 ist je nach gewünschter Biegewechselleistung zwischen zehn und sechzig Prozent. Zweckmässigerweise können die einzelnen Litzen 4 auch durch eine geflochtene Hülle aus Polyesterfasern geschützt werden. Fig.1 shows a section through an inventive Aramidfaserseil 1. A sheath 2 surrounds an outermost Litzenlage 3. The sheath 2 made of plastic, preferably polyurethane, increases the coefficient of friction of the rope 1 on the traction sheave. The outermost strand layer 3 must have such high binding forces to the casing 2 that it does not shift or form upsets due to the thrust forces occurring when the cable 1 is loaded. These binding forces are achieved by the plastic casing 2 is sprayed (extruded), so that all the spaces between the strands 4 are filled and a large holding surface is formed. The strands 4 are turned or beaten from individual aramid fibers 5. Each individual strand 4 is treated to protect the fibers 5 with an impregnating agent, polyurethane solution. The flexural strength of the rope 1 depends on the proportion of polyurethane in each strand 4. The higher the proportion of the polyurethane, the higher the bending cycle performance. However, as the proportion of polyurethane increases, the load bearing capacity and modulus of elasticity of the aramid fiber rope 1 decreases. The polyurethane content for impregnating the strands 4 is between ten and sixty percent, depending on the desired flexural change performance. Conveniently, the individual strands 4 can also be protected by a braided sheath made of polyester fibers.

Um auf der Treibscheibe einen Verschleiss der Litzen durch gegenseitige Reibung aneinander zu vermeiden, wird zwischen der äusseren Litzenlage 3 und der inneren Litzenlage 6 deshalb ein reibungsmindernder Zwischenmantel 7 angebracht. Dieselbe reibungsmindernde Wirkung kann durch das Behandeln von Silikon der darunterliegenden Litzen 4 erzielt werden. Damit wird bei der äusseren Litzenlage 3 und bei inneren Litzenlagen 6, welche bei der Biegung des Seils an der Treibscheibe die meisten Relativbewegungen durchführen, der Verschleiss gering gehalten.In order to avoid wear of the strands on the traction sheave due to mutual friction, a friction-reducing intermediate sheath 7 is therefore provided between the outer strand layer 3 and the inner strand layer 6. The same friction reducing effect can be achieved by treating silicone of the underlying strands 4. Thus, the wear is kept low in the outer strand layer 3 and inner strand layers 6, which perform the most relative movements in the bending of the rope on the traction sheave.

Anders als reine Halteseile müssen Aufzugseile sehr kompakt und fest gedreht bzw. geflochten werden, damit sie sich auf der Treibscheibe nicht verformen oder infolge des Eigendralls oder Ablenkung zu drehen beginnen. Die Lücken und Hohlräume zwischen den einzelnen Lagen der Litzen 4 werden daher mittels Füllitzen 9, welche gegen andere Litzen 4 stützend wirken können, ausgefüllt, um eine nahezu kreisförmige Litzenlage 6 zu erhalten und den Füllungsgrad zu erhöhen. Diese Füllitzen 9 bestehen aus Kunststoff, z.B. aus Polyamid.Unlike tethers, elevator ropes must be very compact and tightly twisted so that they do not deform on the traction sheave or begin to rotate as a result of their own or deflecting action. The gaps and cavities between the individual layers of the strands 4 are therefore filled by means of Füllitzen 9, which can act against other strands 4 supporting, to obtain a nearly circular Litzenlage 6 and to increase the degree of filling. These fillets 9 are made of plastic, e.g. made of polyamide.

Die aus hochgradig orientierten Molekülketten bestehenden Aramidfasern 4 weisen eine hohe Zugfestigkeit auf. Im Gegensatz zu Stahl hat die Aramidfaser 5 aufgrund ihres atomaren Aufbaus jedoch eine eher geringe Querfestigkeit.The aramid fibers 4, which consist of highly oriented molecular chains, have a high tensile strength. In contrast to steel, however, the aramid fiber 5 has a rather low transverse strength due to its atomic structure.

Aus diesem Grund können keine herkömmlichen Stahl-Seilschlösser zur Seilendbefestigung von Kunstfaserseilen 1 verwendet werden, da die in diesen Bauteilen wirkenden Klemmkräfte die Bruchlast des Seiles 1 stark reduzieren. Eine geeignete Seilendverbindung für Kunstfaserseile 1 ist bereits durch die PCT/CH94/00044 bekanntgeworden.For this reason, no conventional steel cable locks for Seilendbefestigung of synthetic fiber ropes 1 can be used, since the clamping forces acting in these components greatly reduce the breaking load of the rope 1. A suitable Seilendverbindung for synthetic fiber ropes 1 is already by the PCT / CH94 / 00044 known.

Fig.2 zeigt eine perspektivische Darstellung des Aufbaus des erfindungsgemässen Aramidfaserseils 1. Die aus Aramidfasern 5 gedrehten oder geschlagenen Litzen 4 werden inklusive der Füllitzen 9 um eine Seele 10 lagenweise links- oder rechtsgängig geschlagen. Zwischen einer inneren und der äussersten Litzenlage 3 wird der reibungsmindernde Zwischenmantel 7 angebracht. Die äusserste Litzenlage 3 wird durch die Ummantelung 2 abgedeckt. Zur Bestimmung eines definierten Reibwertes kann die Oberfläche 11 der Ummantelung 2 strukturiert ausgeführt werden. Die Aufgabe der Ummantelung 2 besteht darin, den gewünschten Reibwert zur Treibscheibe zu gewährleisten und die Litzen 4 vor mechanischen und chemischen Beschädigungen und UV-Strahlen zu schützen. Die Last wird ausschliesslich durch die Litzen 4 getragen. Das aus Aramidfasern 5 aufgebaute Seil 1 weist bei gleichem Querschnitt im Vergleich zu einem Stahlseil eine wesentlich höhere Tragfähigkeit und nur ein Fünftel bis ein Sechstel des spezifischen Gewichtes auf. Für die gleiche Tragfähigkeit kann deshalb der Durchmesser eines Aramidfaserseils 1 gegenüber einem herkömmlichen Stahlseil reduziert werden. Durch die Verwendung der obengenannten Materialien ist das Seil 1 gänzlich gegen Korrosion geschützt. Eine Wartung wie bei Stahlseilen, z.B. um die Seile zu fetten, ist nicht mehr notwendig. Fig.2 shows a perspective view of the structure of the inventive aramid fiber rope 1. The twisted aramid fibers 5 or beaten strands 4 are struck including the Füllitzen 9 by a soul 10 layers left or right. Between an inner and the outer strand layer 3 of the friction-reducing intermediate jacket 7 is attached. The outermost strand layer 3 is covered by the casing 2. To determine a defined coefficient of friction, the surface 11 of the casing 2 can be structured. The object of the sheath 2 is to ensure the desired coefficient of friction to the traction sheave and protect the strands 4 from mechanical and chemical damage and UV rays. The load is carried exclusively by the strands 4. The constructed of aramid fibers 5 rope 1 has the same cross-section compared to a steel cable a much higher load capacity and only one-fifth to one-sixth of the specific weight on. For the same load capacity, therefore, the diameter of an aramid fiber rope 1 can be reduced over a conventional steel rope. By using the above materials, the rope 1 is completely protected against corrosion. Maintenance such as steel cables, eg to grease the ropes, is no longer necessary.

Eine andere Ausführungsart des Aramidfaserseils 1 besteht in der unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltung der Ummantelung 2.Another embodiment of the aramid fiber rope 1 consists in the different configuration of the casing second

Fig.3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage. Eine in einem Aufzugsschacht 12 geführte Kabine 13 wird von einem Antriebsmotor 14 mit einer Treibscheibe 15 über das erfindungsgemässe Aramidfaserseil 1 angetrieben. Am anderen Ende des Seiles 1 hängt ein Gegengewicht 16 als Ausgleichsorgan. Der Reibwert zwischen Seil 1 und Treibscheibe 15 wird nun so ausgelegt, dass bei auf einem Puffer 17 aufgesetztem Gegengewicht 16 eine weitere Förderung der Kabine 13 verhindert wird. Die Befestigung des Seils 1 an der Kabine 13 und am Gegengewicht 16 erfolgt über Seilendverbindungen 18. Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of an elevator system. A guided in an elevator shaft 12 cabin 13 is driven by a drive motor 14 with a traction sheave 15 on the inventive aramid fiber rope 1. At the other end of the rope 1 a counterweight 16 hangs as a balancing organ. The coefficient of friction between the cable 1 and the traction sheave 15 will now be designed such that when the counterweight 16 is placed on a buffer 17, further conveyance of the cabin 13 is prevented. The attachment of the rope 1 to the car 13 and the counterweight 16 via cable end connections 18th

Fig.4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage mit einer Umhängung von 2:1. Seilendverbindungen 18 für das Aramidfaserseil 1 werden bei dieser Anordnung nicht an der Kabine 13 und am Gegengewicht 16, sondern jeweils am oberen Schachtende 19 angebracht. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of an elevator system with a suspension of 2: 1. Rope end 18 for the aramid fiber rope 1 are not attached to the cabin 13 and the counterweight 16, but in each case at the upper shaft end 19 in this arrangement.

Fig.5 zeigt das erfindungsgemässe Aramidfaserseil 1 auf der Treibscheibe 15 im Querschnitt. Die Form einer Rille 20 der an den Antriebsmotor 14 des Aufzugs gekoppelten Treibscheibe 15 ist für eine optimale Anschmiegung des Seils 1 vorzugsweise halbrund. Da sich das Seil 1 unter Belastung auf der Auflagefläche etwas verformt, kann auch eine ovale Rillenform gewählt werden. Diese einfachen Rillenformen können verwendet werden, weil der Kunststoffmantel 2 ein genügend grosser Reibwert erzeugt. Zugleich lässt sich aufgrund der hohen Reibwerte der Umschlingungswinkel des Seils 1 an der Treibscheibe 15 reduzieren. Die Rillenform der Treibscheibe 15 kann für Aufzüge verschiedener Lasten gleich ausgeführt werden, da der Reibwert durch die Oberflächenstruktur 11 und das Material der Ummantelung 2 bestimmt wird. Damit kann auch eine im Einzelfall zu grosse Reibung reduziert werden, um eine Lastförderung bei aufgesetztem Gegengewicht zu verhindern (Aufsetzprobe). Zusätzlich kann die Treibscheibe 15, aufgrund des geringeren Seildurchmessers des Aramidfaserseiles 1 und dem damit verbundenen, kleiner möglichen Treibscheibendurchmesser, in ihren Abmessungen reduziert werden. Ein kleinerer Treibscheibendurchmesser führt zu einem kleineren Antriebs-Drehmoment und damit zu einer kleineren Motorgrösse. Auch wird die Produktion und Lagerhaltung der Treibscheiben 15 wesentlich vereinfacht und verbilligt. Durch die grosse Auflagefläche des Seils 1 in der Rille 20 ergeben sich ebenfalls kleinere Flächenpressungen, was die Lebensdauer von Seil 1 und Treibscheibe 15 erheblich verlängert. Das aus Aramidfasern 5 gefertigte Seil 1 erlaubt zudem keine Übertragung der von der Treibscheibe 15 ausgehenden Frequenzen. Somit entfällt eine den Fahrkomfort mindernde Anregung der Kabine 13 über das Seil 1. Figure 5 shows the inventive aramid fiber rope 1 on the traction sheave 15 in cross section. The shape of a groove 20 of the coupled to the drive motor 14 of the elevator traction sheave 15 is preferably half-round for an optimal fitting of the rope 1. Since the rope 1 deforms somewhat under load on the support surface, an oval groove shape can also be selected. These simple groove shapes can be used because the plastic sheath 2 produces a sufficiently large coefficient of friction. At the same time, due to the high coefficients of friction, the wrap angle of the rope 1 on the traction sheave 15 can be reduced. The groove shape of the traction sheave 15 can be made equal for lifts of different loads, since the coefficient of friction is determined by the surface structure 11 and the material of the casing 2. This can also be reduced in an individual case too much friction to prevent load transfer with attached counterweight (Aufsetzprobe). In addition, the traction sheave 15 can be reduced in size due to the smaller rope diameter of the aramid fiber rope 1 and the associated, possible smaller pulley diameter. A smaller pulley diameter leads to a smaller drive torque and thus to a smaller engine size. Also, the production and storage of traction sheaves 15 is much easier and cheaper. Due to the large contact surface of the rope 1 in the groove 20 also results in smaller surface pressures, which extends the life of rope 1 and traction sheave 15 considerably. The rope 1 made of aramid fibers 5 also does not allow transmission of the frequencies emanating from the traction sheave 15. Thus eliminating a driving comfort-reducing excitation of the cabin 13 via the rope. 1

Durch den erhöhten Reibwert, den geringeren Umschlingungswinkel und das niedrige Gewicht des Aramidfaserseils 1 lassen sich weitere Reduzierungen im Bereich der Antriebe realisieren. Die erforderlichen Anlauf-bzw. Drehmomente und die Momente an der Welle von Getriebemaschinen nehmen markant ab. Folglich sinken die Anlaufströme bzw. der gesamte Energiebedarf. Dies wiederum erlaubt eine Reduzierung der Motoren- und Getriebegrössen und der Baugrösse der die Motoren speisenden Umformer. Due to the increased coefficient of friction, the lower wrap angle and the low weight of the aramid fiber rope 1, further reductions in the area of the drives can be realized. The required start-up resp. Torques and the moments on the shaft of gearboxes are significantly reduced. Consequently, the starting currents or the total energy requirement decrease. This in turn allows a reduction of the motor and gear sizes and the size of the converter feeding the motors.

Claims (4)

  1. Cable (1) as support means for lifts, wherein one cable end is connected with a cage (13) or load receiving means and load-bearing strands (4) of the cable (1) consist of aramide fibres and the load-bearing strands (4) of the outer strand layer (3) are surrounded by a casing (2) of plastics material closed all around, wherein the aramide fibre cable (1) is connected by the other end with a counterweight and is driven by way of a drive pulley, and the casing (2) of the aramide fibre cable (1) of plastics material also fills, from the cable outer circumferential side, the intermediate spaces between the load-bearing strands (4) of the outer strand layer (3), and wherein the strands (4) of individual aramide fibres are twisted or laid, and wherein each individual strand (4) has been impregnated with polyurethane solution so that it has a polyurethane component of between ten and sixty per cent and wherein a friction-reducing intermediate sheathing (7) of plastics material is provided between the outer strand layer (3) and an inner strand layer (6).
  2. Cable (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the casing (2) consists of polyurethane.
  3. Cable (1) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that a surface (11) of the casing (2) is smooth.
  4. Cable (1) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that a surface (11) of the casing (2) is formed to be structured.
EP95101891A 1994-03-02 1995-02-13 Cable for lifts Expired - Lifetime EP0672781B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOPCT/CH94/00044 1994-03-02
PCT/CH1994/000044 WO1994020770A1 (en) 1993-03-05 1994-03-02 Connector for synthetic-fibre ropes
CH2578/94 1994-08-23
CH02578/94A CH690010A5 (en) 1994-03-02 1994-08-23 Cable for lift or elevator cage
CH257894 1994-08-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0672781A1 EP0672781A1 (en) 1995-09-20
EP0672781B1 EP0672781B1 (en) 1999-11-24
EP0672781B2 true EP0672781B2 (en) 2008-12-31

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EP95101891A Expired - Lifetime EP0672781B2 (en) 1994-03-02 1995-02-13 Cable for lifts

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NO310042B1 (en) 2001-05-07
FI950936A (en) 1995-09-03
FI950936A0 (en) 1995-03-01
KR960035664A (en) 1996-10-24
AU682743B2 (en) 1997-10-16
RU2194003C2 (en) 2002-12-10
NO950796L (en) 1995-09-04
NZ270477A (en) 1996-10-28
PL177759B1 (en) 2000-01-31
AU1353495A (en) 1995-09-07
CA2142072C (en) 2001-04-10
NO950796D0 (en) 1995-03-01
DE59507263D1 (en) 1999-12-30
DK0672781T4 (en) 2009-04-27
MXPA95001137A (en) 2004-02-16
CN1121040A (en) 1996-04-24
ATE186962T1 (en) 1999-12-15
PT672781E (en) 2000-04-28
DK0672781T3 (en) 2000-05-22
ES2141851T3 (en) 2000-04-01
ES2141851T5 (en) 2009-05-27
KR100348885B1 (en) 2002-12-18
US5566786A (en) 1996-10-22
HK1011392A1 (en) 1999-07-09
CZ282660B6 (en) 1997-08-13
RU95102775A (en) 1996-11-27
EP0672781B1 (en) 1999-11-24
CZ52395A3 (en) 1997-03-12
CN1049401C (en) 2000-02-16
JP3177397B2 (en) 2001-06-18
BR9500779A (en) 1995-10-24
EP0672781A1 (en) 1995-09-20
CA2142072A1 (en) 1995-09-03
PL307384A1 (en) 1995-09-04
JPH07267534A (en) 1995-10-17

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