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EP2790068B1 - Escapement system for a balance-hairspring resonator - Google Patents

Escapement system for a balance-hairspring resonator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2790068B1
EP2790068B1 EP14157942.5A EP14157942A EP2790068B1 EP 2790068 B1 EP2790068 B1 EP 2790068B1 EP 14157942 A EP14157942 A EP 14157942A EP 2790068 B1 EP2790068 B1 EP 2790068B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
timepiece
balance
wheel
teeth
fixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14157942.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2790068A3 (en
EP2790068A2 (en
Inventor
Stéphane Beugin
Davide Sarchi
Polychronis Karapatis (Nakis)
Fabio Sciascia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montres Breguet SA
Original Assignee
Montres Breguet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Montres Breguet SA filed Critical Montres Breguet SA
Priority to EP14157942.5A priority Critical patent/EP2790068B1/en
Publication of EP2790068A2 publication Critical patent/EP2790068A2/en
Publication of EP2790068A3 publication Critical patent/EP2790068A3/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust system for a balance-spring resonator and, more particularly for such a high-amplitude resonator.
  • An exhaust system of a timepiece is intended to maintain and count the oscillations of the balance of a balance-spring resonator. To do this, it receives the energy dispensed by a barrel and at the end of the chain by a wheel of seconds in order to periodically let out a parcel of this motive energy to restore to the resonator the energy lost in passive resistances (for example the friction ), this resonator comprising a flywheel called pendulum on the axis of which is fixed a spiral spring called spiral.
  • EP 2 498 141 discloses a sprung-balance resonator in which the outer coil of the spiral is integral with an anchor connected to the barrel and cooperating with an escape wheel coaxial with the resonator.
  • the document FR 2,498,141 discloses a balance - spring resonator cooperating with a lever escapement.
  • the watchmaking technique tends to increase the energy of the balance-spring resonator in order to improve its precision and its resistance to shocks, thanks to the increase in the inertia J of the balance and / or the increase in the frequency f oscillation of the pendulum.
  • the increase of these parameters poses great difficulties.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing an alternative exhaust system for a spring-balance resonator which allows the increase of the mechanical energy E m of said resonator while avoiding the pitfalls mentioned above. -above.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece comprising a resonator formed by a balance associated with a hairspring and cooperating with an exhaust system which comprises a movable escape wheel arranged coaxially with the pendulum and driven by the wheel of the timepiece, characterized in that the exhaust system further comprises a first fixed wheel having a first toothing and a second fixed wheel having a second toothing, the first fixed wheel being arranged to inside the second fixed wheel in the same plane leaving a space forming a closed channel, said first and second fixed wheels being arranged coaxially with the movable escape wheel and a device for fixing the outer end of the spiral comprising a part hinged to the movable escape wheel and arranged to ensure, according to the state of winding of the hairspring, a radial displacement of said outer end between said first and second sets of teeth to maintain the resonator and to distribute its movement to the wheel of the timepiece
  • the invention relates to a timepiece comprising a resonator formed by a balance associated with a spring and cooperating with an exhaust system which comprises a movable escape wheel arranged coaxially with the balance and driven by the wheel of the timepiece, characterized in that the exhaust system further comprises a first fixed wheel having a first toothing and a second fixed wheel which, mounted above the first wheel, has a second toothing, the first toothing having an internal diameter smaller than that of the second toothing, said first and second fixed wheels being arranged coaxially with the movable escapement wheel and a device for fixing the outer end of the spiral comprising an articulated part relative to to the movable escape wheel and arranged to ensure, according to the state of winding of the hairspring, a radial displacement of said outer end between said first and second teeth to maintain the resonator and distribute its movement to the wheel of the timepiece.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece comprising a resonator formed by a rocker associated with a hairspring and cooperating with an exhaust system which comprises a movable escapement wheel arranged coaxially with the rocker and driven by the wheel of the timepiece, characterized in that the exhaust system further comprises a first series of teeth and a second series of teeth, the series of teeth are distributed circularly and coaxially with the movable escape wheel, the first series of teeth being distributed circularly at a smaller radius than that of the second series of teeth in the same plane, and a device for fixing the outer end of the spiral comprising a part hinged to the movable escape wheel and arranged to ensuring, according to the state of winding of the hairspring, a radial displacement of said outer end between said first and second series of teeth to maintain the resonator and distribute its movement to the wheel of the timepiece.
  • the articulated part relative to the movable escape wheel preferably comprises at least one pin to cooperate with the first and second sets of teeth or series of teeth.
  • the articulated part of the fixing device comprises a first arm at the end of which is fixed a first pin arranged to cooperate with the first toothing of the first fixed wheel, and a second arm to the end of which is fixed a second pin arranged to cooperate with the second toothing of the second fixed wheel, each arm can be offset in height.
  • the exhaust system proposes, advantageously according to the invention, increasing the amplitude A oscillation of the balance in order to increase the mechanical energy E m of the resonator.
  • increasing the amplitude A of the oscillation of the balance will have a greater influence because the amplitude A is squared.
  • the present invention allows to maintain directly the spiral and not the balance as in the traditional exhausts.
  • the exhaust system can be triggered by the movement of the hairspring, for example by the radial displacement of its outer end.
  • FIG. figure 1 is a perspective view of an oscillator according to the invention, that is to say an exhaust system 18 coupled to a balance-spring resonator-spiral.
  • the resonator 15 according to the invention comprises a balance 1 associated with a spiral 2.
  • the spiral 2 is represented only by a limited number of turns. However, the spiral 2 may, of course, have a greater number of turns without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the inner end 50 of the hairspring 2 is fixed on a shaft 43 such as, for example, by means of a ferrule (better visible in the figure 9 ) come form.
  • the balance 1 is also fixed on the shaft 43.
  • the exhaust system 18 comprises a movable escapement wheel 3 disposed coaxially with respect to the resonator 15.
  • the mobile escapement wheel 3 is driven by a wheel of seconds 4 belonging to the wheel of the timepiece which is engaged with a barrel providing the driving force of the timepiece.
  • the exhaust system 18 further comprises a first fixed wheel 5 having an external toothing 6 and a second fixed wheel 7 having an internal toothing 8.
  • the two fixed wheels 5, 7 of the exhaust system 18 are arranged coaxially with the mobile escapement wheel 3 and fixed to a fixed point of the timepiece, for example its plate, by means of screws 16 and 17.
  • the first and second fixed wheels 5 and 7 are arranged in the same plane, the first wheel 5 being placed inside the second wheel 7 leaving a space, forming a channel closed 56 substantially crenellated and symmetrical, wherein an ankle 14 can move.
  • the mobile escapement wheel 3 is provided with a device 9 for fixing the outer end 10 of the spiral 2 to arm the latter.
  • the fixing device 9 is arranged to ensure, according to the state of winding of the hairspring 2, a radial displacement of the outer end 10, the latter being brought to cooperate alternately with the toothing 6 of one then the toothing 8 of the other of the first 5 and second 7 fixed wheels. It is understood that this radial displacement allows the exhaust system 18 to ensure the maintenance of the resonator 15 and the escape of the seconds wheel 4.
  • FIG. 9 A cut of principle exerted on the figure 1 is shown in figure 9 .
  • the mobile escapement wheel 3 is associated with an internal element 40 that has come into shape in the example of the figure 9 .
  • the mobile escapement wheel assembly 3 - internal element 40 is made rotatable relative to a fixed point 42 of the timepiece, such as its plate, preferably using a ball bearing 41 .
  • the fixing device 9 comprises a bar 11 articulated to ensure the radial displacement of the outer end 10 of the spiral 2.
  • the bar 11 is mounted, on the one hand, on a pivoting pin 12 carried by the mobile escapement wheel 3 and, secondly, on the outer end 10 of the spiral 2.
  • the outer end 10 of the hairspring 2 is integral with the peg 14 which can evolve in the closed channel 56 substantially crenellated and symmetrical and being adapted to be fitted to the free end 13 of the bar 11.
  • the ankle 14 is formed according to the same material as the spiral 2 or ruby-based.
  • the figure 7 shows that the essential object of the present invention is achieved, namely the increase of the amplitude A of the oscillation of the balance.
  • the amplitude A of the balance 1 is of the order of 550 degrees, which greatly exceeds the 320 degrees reached by an anchor type exhaust system Swiss.
  • this increase in amplitude A is achieved by maintaining the resonator 15, that is to say by supplying energy, directly by the spring 2 by pulling its outer end 10 and by not the balance 1 itself as in traditional Swiss anchor escapements.
  • it is therefore no longer necessary to mount a plate on the balance shaft.
  • the figure 8 is a graph comparing the couples transmitted in milli-milli-millimeters (mNmm), on the one hand, to the resonator 15 equipping the present invention (E-pattern) and, on the other hand, to an energy equilibrium balance-spring resonator equipping an exhaust system of the Swiss anchor type (route F). It can be seen that the torque imparted to the resonator 15 according to the invention during the angle during which it is applied is much larger (maximum of the order of 0.25 mNmm) than that conferred on the spring balance resonator.
  • the figure 7 shows again that the angles ⁇ and ⁇ illustrated respectively on the figures 4 and 6 are substantially equal to each other at 30 degrees and are traveled ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) in 0.25 seconds for a frequency substantially equal to 4 Hz. It follows that the mobile escapement wheel 3 makes a turn in substantially 1.5 seconds. It is thus understood that this same rotational movement affects the resonator 15 which rotates in the manner of a vortex with a similar effect, that is to say that this rotation for averaging and correcting the effects of gravity on the resonator 15.
  • the exhaust system 18 makes it possible to correct the effects of gravity. It is also understood that the exhaust system 18 offers the guarantee of self-starting a high frequency movement even with a high rigidity, the increase in stability and the quality factor in the absence of shocks. maintenance, elimination of the risk of rebat and overturning that are intrinsic to the architecture, improving the performance of the exhaust functions because the losses are due solely to the friction in the pivots and a moving and reducing the number of components to be oiled by removing the anchor.
  • FIG. figure 10 a second embodiment of the exhaust system 21 according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. figure 10 .
  • the mobile escapement wheel 3 of the first embodiment is replaced by a toothing 19 formed on the outside of a cage 45.
  • the cage 45 encloses a resonator 20 which is of the same type as the resonator 15 of the first embodiment.
  • the rocker 1 and the inner end 50 of the hairspring 2 are fixed on a shaft 46 pivoting between the walls 47 and 48 of the cage 45.
  • the cage 45 of the exhaust system 21 is pivotally mounted between a bridge 49 and the center of the first fixed wheel 5.
  • FIGS. Figures 11 to 13 A third embodiment of exhaust system 22 according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. Figures 11 to 13 .
  • the exhaust system 22 differs from the two previous embodiments in that the first and second fixed wheels 5 and 7 are made in one piece.
  • the resonator 23 of the third embodiment is of the same type as the resonator 15, of the first two embodiments.
  • the balance 1 equipped with balancing screw 70 and connected to the shaft 43 by means of four arms 71.
  • the shaft 43 is pivotally mounted between the bridge 44 and a bearing 72 secured to a block 51 which incorporates in one piece the outer teeth 6 and inner teeth 8, formed, in the first two embodiments, by the fixed wheels 5 and 7.
  • the balance 1 is associated with the spiral 24 having more turns than the spiral 2 of the first embodiment and the end of the inner coil 50 is fixed to the shaft 43 for example by means of a ferrule.
  • the end of the outer turn 10 is attached to the pin 14 fixed to the free end 13 of the bar 11, the latter being hinged to the pin 12 carried by the mobile escapement wheel 3 as for the first embodiment .
  • the mobile escapement wheel 3 is provided with a set of teeth 73 in engagement with the seconds wheel 4 also as for the first embodiment and is associated with the internal element 40 of a ball bearing 41 whose element external 42 is secured to the block 51 fixed to a fixed point of the timepiece, such as its platinum.
  • a fourth embodiment according to the invention is illustrated in the figure 14 .
  • the resonator 25 of the fourth embodiment is of the same type as the resonator 15, 20, 23 of the first three embodiments. Contrary to what has been shown in the three embodiments above in which the first and second fixed wheels 5, 7 were located in the same plane, in the fourth embodiment, the exhaust system 25 includes first and second fixed wheels 70, 71 which are placed one over the other.
  • the first and second fixed wheels 70, 71 respectively comprise first and second inner teeth 72, 73 which are superposed.
  • the fixing device 74 differs from that 9 of the first three embodiments.
  • the fixing device 74 comprises a rocker 75 articulated on a stud 12 carried by the mobile escapement wheel 3.
  • the rocker 75 carries a first arm 76 at the end of which are fixed the outer end 10 of the spiral 2 and a first pin 77 arranged to cooperate with the first teeth 72 of the first fixed wheel 70.
  • the rocker 75 still carries a second arm 78 at the end of which is fixed a second pin 79 arranged to cooperate with the second teeth 73 of the second fixed wheel 71.
  • each pin 77, 79 is formed according to the same material as the spiral 2 or ruby-based.
  • the figure 14 shows a spiral 2 of the type of the first embodiment in maximum expansion.
  • the first pin 77 is held locked against a first tooth 72 of the first fixed wheel 70.
  • the spring 2 contracts, the pin 77 moves radially inwardly causing the rocker 75 to pivot in a counterclockwise direction and the first pin 77 to free itself from a first tooth 72.
  • the second pin 79 of the rocker 75 then enters the space separating two second teeth 73 which releases the mobile escapement wheel 3 which then progresses by a first pulse angle by driving the wheel of the second wheel 4 the second pin 79 abuts against a second tooth 73 of the second fixed wheel 71.
  • a second pulse angle is traveled when, the spiral 2 expanding, the second pin 79 is released from the second tooth 73, the rocker 75 then rotating in the clockwise direction.
  • the first pin 77 then falls into the space between two first teeth 72 and the mobile escapement wheel 3 then a second pulse angle by driving the wheel of second 4 until the first pin 77 comes abut against a first tooth 72 of the first fixed wheel 70.
  • the fixed wheels 70 and 71 being arranged one on the other, the second pin 79 must have a shorter length relative to the length of the first pin 77.
  • the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art.
  • the four embodiments presented above are capable of being combined in order to adapt to the implementation constraints while preserving the effects and advantages mentioned above common to the four embodiments.
  • the first 70 and second 71 fixed wheels of the fourth embodiment could be made in one piece as proposed in the third embodiment.
  • the arms 76, 78 of the articulated part 75 with respect to the mobile escapement wheel 3, 19, 45 are offset in height.
  • first and second teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 must be understood as abutments or contact surfaces for stopping and blocking said at least one pin 14, 77, 79.
  • the first and second teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 may be formed by pins, that is to say rods extending substantially parallel to said at least one pin 14, 77, 79 to enter contact with said at least one pin 14, 77, 79 according to the operation explained above. It is therefore understood that the first and / or second teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 may in some way be skeletonized, that is to say not be fully filled.
  • FIGS. Figures 15 to 17 a fifth embodiment of exhaust system 122 according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. Figures 15 to 17 .
  • the exhaust system 122 differs from the previous embodiments in that the gap between the teeth is completely open and, more generally, the concept of first and second fixed wheels is no longer applicable because only the useful surfaces of the teeth are used.
  • the figures 16 and 17 were made respectively according to section XVI-XVI and by removing some of the elements of the figure 15 .
  • the resonator 123 of the fifth embodiment is close to the resonator 23 of the third embodiment. There is therefore the balance 101 connected to the shaft 143 by means of two arms 171.
  • the shaft 143 is pivotally mounted between the bridge 144 and a bearing 172 secured to a block 151 which incorporates in one piece the outer teeth 106 and inner teeth 108.
  • the rocker 101 is associated with the spiral 124 having more turns than the spiral 2 of the first embodiment and the end of the inner coil 150 is fixed to the shaft 143 for example by means of a ferrule.
  • the end of the outer turn 110 is attached to the pin 114 attached to the free end 113 of the hinged piece 111.
  • the piece 111 is articulated on the pin 112 carried by the mobile escapement wheel 103 as for the other embodiments.
  • the mobile escapement wheel 103 is provided with a set of teeth 173 in engagement with the seconds wheel 4, likewise for the other embodiments, and is associated with the internal element 140 of a ball bearing 141 whose element external 142 is secured to the block 151 fixed to a fixed point of the timepiece, such as its platinum.
  • the block 151 comprises a first series of teeth 106 and a second series of teeth 108.
  • the series of teeth 106, 108 are distributed circularly and coaxially with the movable escapement wheel 103.
  • the first series of teeth 106 is distributed circularly in the same plane and according to a radius more low that that of the second series of teeth 108.
  • the pin 114 is limited in radial clearance by a groove 180 formed in a plate 181 extending in cantilever from the inner diameter of the movable escapement wheel 103 to the shaft 143. It is therefore understood that the amplitude is limited by the stop between the pin 114 and the wall of the plate 181 around the groove 180.
  • magnetic bonding between said toothing and said at least one peg may also be provided. Therefore, by way of example, said at least one pin 14, 77, 79 may be magnetized and the teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 or teeth 106, 108 may be made of paramagnetic material having a magnetic permeability greater than 1, 5, or conversely, said at least one pin 14, 77, 79 may be magnetized and the teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 or teeth 106, 108 may be of paramagnetic material having a magnetic permeability greater than 1.5.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
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  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à un système d'échappement pour un résonateur balancier-spiral et, plus particulièrement pour un tel résonateur à haute amplitude.The invention relates to an exhaust system for a balance-spring resonator and, more particularly for such a high-amplitude resonator.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

Un système d'échappement d'une pièce d'horlogerie a pour but d'entretenir et de compter les oscillations du balancier d'un résonateur balancier-spiral. Pour ce faire, il reçoit l'énergie dispensée par un barillet et en fin de chaîne par une roue de secondes afin de laisser périodiquement échapper une parcelle de cette énergie motrice pour restituer au résonateur l'énergie perdue en résistances passives (par exemple les frottements), ce résonateur comprenant un volant d'inertie appelé balancier sur l'axe duquel est fixé un ressort en spirale appelé spiral.An exhaust system of a timepiece is intended to maintain and count the oscillations of the balance of a balance-spring resonator. To do this, it receives the energy dispensed by a barrel and at the end of the chain by a wheel of seconds in order to periodically let out a parcel of this motive energy to restore to the resonator the energy lost in passive resistances (for example the friction ), this resonator comprising a flywheel called pendulum on the axis of which is fixed a spiral spring called spiral.

L'énergie mécanique Em d'un tel résonateur balancier-spiral est donnée par la relation suivante : E m = 1 2 kA 2 = 1 2 J 2 πf 2 A 2

Figure imgb0001
dans laquelle :

  • J est l'inertie du balancier ;
  • f est la fréquence du balancier ;
  • A l'amplitude de l'oscillation du balancier.
The mechanical energy E m of such a balance-spring resonator is given by the following relation: E m = 1 2 kA 2 = 1 2 J 2 πf 2 AT 2
Figure imgb0001
 in which :
  • J is the inertia of the pendulum;
  • f is the frequency of the pendulum;
  • At the amplitude of the oscillation of the pendulum.

Le document EP 2 498 141 divulgue un résonateur balancier - spiral dans lequel la spire externe du spiral est solidaire d'une ancre raccordée au barillet et coopérant avec une roue d'échappement coaxiale au résonateur.The document EP 2 498 141 discloses a sprung-balance resonator in which the outer coil of the spiral is integral with an anchor connected to the barrel and cooperating with an escape wheel coaxial with the resonator.

Le document FR 2 498 141 divulgue un résonateur balancier - spiral coopérant avec un échappement à levier.The document FR 2,498,141 discloses a balance - spring resonator cooperating with a lever escapement.

La technique horlogère tend à augmenter l'énergie du résonateur balancier-spiral afin d'en améliorer sa précision et sa résistance aux chocs, grâce à l'augmentation de l'inertie J du balancier et/ou à l'augmentation de la fréquence f d'oscillation du balancier. L'augmentation de ces paramètres pose cependant de grandes difficultés.The watchmaking technique tends to increase the energy of the balance-spring resonator in order to improve its precision and its resistance to shocks, thanks to the increase in the inertia J of the balance and / or the increase in the frequency f oscillation of the pendulum. The increase of these parameters, however, poses great difficulties.

En effet, l'augmentation de l'inertie J du balancier tend à augmenter son poids ce qui induit des frottements secs non désirés et/ou dégrade son aérodynamisme. D'autre part, l'augmentation de la fréquence f d'oscillation impose une augmentation considérable de la puissance virtuelle qui risque de diminuer la réserve de marche de la pièce d'horlogerie. On comprend également que l'augmentation de la fréquence f d'oscillation impose que les fonctions d'échappement soient de plus en plus courtes ce qui représente un vrai défi cinématique et tribologique.Indeed, increasing the inertia J of the pendulum tends to increase its weight which induces unwanted dry friction and / or degrades its aerodynamics. On the other hand, the increase of the oscillation frequency f imposes a considerable increase in the virtual power which risks reducing the power reserve of the timepiece. It is also understood that increasing the oscillation frequency f requires that the escape functions be shorter and shorter, which represents a real cinematic and tribological challenge.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie les inconvénients cités précédemment en proposant un système d'échappement alternatif pour un résonateur balancier-spiral qui autorise l'augmentation de l'énergie mécanique Em dudit résonateur en évitant les écueils cités ci-dessus.The object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing an alternative exhaust system for a spring-balance resonator which allows the increase of the mechanical energy E m of said resonator while avoiding the pitfalls mentioned above. -above.

A cet effet, selon une première variante, l'invention se rapporte à une pièce d'horlogerie comportant un résonateur formé par un balancier associé à un spiral et coopérant avec un système d'échappement qui comporte une roue d'échappement mobile disposée coaxialement au balancier et entraînée par le rouage de la pièce d'horlogerie, caractérisée en ce que le système d'échappement comporte en outre une première roue fixe présentant une première denture et une seconde roue fixe présentant une seconde denture, la première roue fixe étant disposée à l'intérieur de la seconde roue fixe dans le même plan en laissant un espace formant un canal fermé, lesdites première et seconde roues fixes étant disposées coaxialement à la roue d'échappement mobile et un dispositif de fixation de l'extrémité extérieure du spiral comportant une pièce articulée par rapport à la roue d'échappement mobile et agencée pour assurer, selon l'état d'armage du spiral, un déplacement radial de ladite extrémité extérieure entre lesdites première et deuxième dentures pour entretenir le résonateur et distribuer son mouvement au rouage de la pièce d'horlogerieFor this purpose, according to a first variant, the invention relates to a timepiece comprising a resonator formed by a balance associated with a hairspring and cooperating with an exhaust system which comprises a movable escape wheel arranged coaxially with the pendulum and driven by the wheel of the timepiece, characterized in that the exhaust system further comprises a first fixed wheel having a first toothing and a second fixed wheel having a second toothing, the first fixed wheel being arranged to inside the second fixed wheel in the same plane leaving a space forming a closed channel, said first and second fixed wheels being arranged coaxially with the movable escape wheel and a device for fixing the outer end of the spiral comprising a part hinged to the movable escape wheel and arranged to ensure, according to the state of winding of the hairspring, a radial displacement of said outer end between said first and second sets of teeth to maintain the resonator and to distribute its movement to the wheel of the timepiece

Selon une deuxième variante, l'invention se rapporte à une pièce d'horlogerie comportant un résonateur formé par un balancier associé à un spiral et coopérant avec un système d'échappement qui comporte une roue d'échappement mobile disposée coaxialement au balancier et entraînée par le rouage de la pièce d'horlogerie, caractérisée en ce que le système d'échappement comporte en outre une première roue fixe présentant une première denture et une seconde roue fixe qui, montée au-dessus de la première roue, présente une seconde denture, la première denture comportant un diamètre interne plus petit que celui de la deuxième denture, lesdites première et seconde roues fixes étant disposées coaxialement à la roue d'échappement mobile et un dispositif de fixation de l'extrémité extérieure du spiral comportant une pièce articulée par rapport à la roue d'échappement mobile et agencée pour assurer, selon l'état d'armage du spiral, un déplacement radial de ladite extrémité extérieure entre lesdites première et deuxième dentures pour entretenir le résonateur et distribuer son mouvement au rouage de la pièce d'horlogerie.According to a second variant, the invention relates to a timepiece comprising a resonator formed by a balance associated with a spring and cooperating with an exhaust system which comprises a movable escape wheel arranged coaxially with the balance and driven by the wheel of the timepiece, characterized in that the exhaust system further comprises a first fixed wheel having a first toothing and a second fixed wheel which, mounted above the first wheel, has a second toothing, the first toothing having an internal diameter smaller than that of the second toothing, said first and second fixed wheels being arranged coaxially with the movable escapement wheel and a device for fixing the outer end of the spiral comprising an articulated part relative to to the movable escape wheel and arranged to ensure, according to the state of winding of the hairspring, a radial displacement of said outer end between said first and second teeth to maintain the resonator and distribute its movement to the wheel of the timepiece.

Selon une troisième variante, l'invention se rapporte à une pièce d'horlogerie comportant un résonateur formé par un balancier associé à un spiral et coopérant avec un système d'échappement qui comporte une roue d'échappement mobile disposée coaxialement au balancier et entraînée par le rouage de la pièce d'horlogerie, caractérisée en ce que le système d'échappement comporte en outre une première série de dents et une deuxième série de dents, les séries de dents sont distribuées circulairement et coaxialement à la roue d'échappement mobile, la première série de dents étant distribuée circulairement selon un rayon plus faible que celui de la deuxième série de dents dans le même plan, et un dispositif de fixation de l'extrémité extérieure du spiral comportant une pièce articulée par rapport à la roue d'échappement mobile et agencée pour assurer, selon l'état d'armage du spiral, un déplacement radial de ladite extrémité extérieure entre lesdites première et deuxième séries de dents pour entretenir le résonateur et distribuer son mouvement au rouage de la pièce d'horlogerie.According to a third variant, the invention relates to a timepiece comprising a resonator formed by a rocker associated with a hairspring and cooperating with an exhaust system which comprises a movable escapement wheel arranged coaxially with the rocker and driven by the wheel of the timepiece, characterized in that the exhaust system further comprises a first series of teeth and a second series of teeth, the series of teeth are distributed circularly and coaxially with the movable escape wheel, the first series of teeth being distributed circularly at a smaller radius than that of the second series of teeth in the same plane, and a device for fixing the outer end of the spiral comprising a part hinged to the movable escape wheel and arranged to ensuring, according to the state of winding of the hairspring, a radial displacement of said outer end between said first and second series of teeth to maintain the resonator and distribute its movement to the wheel of the timepiece.

Dans ces trois variantes, la pièce articulée par rapport à la roue d'échappement mobile comporte, de manière préférée, au moins une cheville pour coopérer avec les première et deuxième dentures ou série de dents. Toutefois, plus particulièrement dans la deuxième variante, la pièce articulée du dispositif de fixation comporte un premier bras à l'extrémité duquel est fixée une première cheville agencée pour coopérer avec la première denture de la première roue fixe, et un second bras à l'extrémité duquel est fixée une seconde cheville agencée pour coopérer avec la seconde denture de la seconde roue fixe, chaque bras pouvant être décalés en hauteur.In these three variants, the articulated part relative to the movable escape wheel preferably comprises at least one pin to cooperate with the first and second sets of teeth or series of teeth. However, more particularly in the second variant, the articulated part of the fixing device comprises a first arm at the end of which is fixed a first pin arranged to cooperate with the first toothing of the first fixed wheel, and a second arm to the end of which is fixed a second pin arranged to cooperate with the second toothing of the second fixed wheel, each arm can be offset in height.

On s'aperçoit donc qu'au lieu d'augmenter l'inertie J du balancier et/ou la fréquence f d'oscillation, le système d'échappement propose, de manière avantageuse selon l'invention, d'augmenter l'amplitude A de l'oscillation du balancier dans le but d'accroître l'énergie mécanique Em du résonateur. Avantageusement selon l'invention, à partir de la relation (1), on s'aperçoit également qu'augmenter l'amplitude A de l'oscillation du balancier aura une plus grande influence car l'amplitude A intervient au carré.It can therefore be seen that instead of increasing the inertia J of the balance and / or the frequency f of oscillation, the exhaust system proposes, advantageously according to the invention, increasing the amplitude A oscillation of the balance in order to increase the mechanical energy E m of the resonator. Advantageously according to the invention, from the relation (1), it is also seen that increasing the amplitude A of the oscillation of the balance will have a greater influence because the amplitude A is squared.

On notera ici que, pour des résonateurs à faible facteur de qualité, au nombre desquels on trouve le résonateur balancier-spiral où le facteur Q est inférieur à 1000, la perturbation de marche induite par le système d'échappement est d'autant plus importante que le rapport entre l'angle d'entretien et l'amplitude d'oscillation est grand. On comprend donc, avantageusement selon l'invention, que l'augmentation de l'amplitude A du balancier réduit considérablement lesdites perturbations.It will be noted here that, for resonators with a low quality factor, among which we find the balance-spring resonator where the Q factor is less than 1000, the disturbance of the operation induced by the exhaust system is all the more important that the ratio between the maintenance angle and the amplitude of oscillation is large. It is thus understood, advantageously according to the invention, that the increase in amplitude A of the balance considerably reduces said disturbances.

Dans les systèmes d'échappement connus du type à ancre ou à détente, cette augmentation d'amplitude n'est structurellement pas possible, l'amplitude étant généralement limitée à 320 degrés. De plus, le système d'échappement intervient sur la cheville de plateau solidaire du balancier, toutes les fois que le balancier passe par sa position d'équilibre ou point mort.In known escapement systems of the anchor or expansion type, this amplitude increase is structurally not possible, the amplitude being generally limited to 320 degrees. In addition, the exhaust system intervenes on the plate pin integral with the pendulum, whenever the pendulum passes through its equilibrium or neutral position.

Avantageusement selon l'invention, si l'on désire une amplitude dépassant la limite connue de 320 degrés pour atteindre au moins un tour complet du balancier et pouvant s'étendre sur plusieurs tours complets (cette augmentation étant non limitée intrinsèquement), la présente invention permet d'entretenir directement le spiral et non le balancier comme dans les échappements traditionnels. En entretenant directement le spiral, le système d'échappement peut être déclenché par le mouvement du spiral, par exemple par le déplacement radial de son extrémité extérieure.Advantageously according to the invention, if one wishes an amplitude exceeding the known limit of 320 degrees to reach at least one complete revolution of the balance and can extend over several complete turns (this increase being intrinsically not limited), the present invention allows to maintain directly the spiral and not the balance as in the traditional exhausts. By directly maintaining the hairspring, the exhaust system can be triggered by the movement of the hairspring, for example by the radial displacement of its outer end.

Conformément à d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses communes de l'invention :

  • l'extrémité extérieure du spiral est solidaire d'une extrémité libre de ladite pièce articulée par rapport à la roue d'échappement mobile ou est solidaire de ladite au moins une cheville ;
  • la roue d'échappement mobile est montée mobile par rapport à une partie fixe de la pièce d'horlogerie à l'aide d'un roulement à billes ;
  • la partie fixe de la pièce d'horlogerie est la platine ;
  • le balancier et l'extrémité intérieure du spiral sont fixés sur un arbre pivotant entre un pont et le centre géométrique de la première roue fixe ;
  • la roue d'échappement mobile est constituée d'une cage enfermant le résonateur, le balancier et l'extrémité intérieure du spiral étant fixés sur un arbre pivotant entre les parois de la cage, cette dernière pivotant entre un pont et le centre géométrique de la première roue fixe ;
  • les première et seconde roues fixes sont faites en une seule pièce ;
  • ladite au moins une cheville est magnétisée et les dentures ou dents sont en matériau paramagnétique comportant une perméabilité magnétique supérieure à 1,5 ou ladite au moins une cheville est en matériau paramagnétique comportant une perméabilité magnétique supérieure à 1,5 et les dentures ou dents sont magnétisées afin de permettre le collage magnétique entre lesdites dentures et ladite au moins une cheville.
According to other common advantageous features of the invention:
  • the outer end of the hairspring is secured to a free end of said hinged piece relative to the movable escape wheel or is integral with said at least one peg;
  • the mobile escapement wheel is movably mounted relative to a fixed part of the timepiece by means of a ball bearing;
  • the fixed part of the timepiece is platinum;
  • the balance and the inner end of the spiral are fixed on a pivoting shaft between a bridge and the geometric center of the first fixed wheel;
  • the mobile escapement wheel consists of a cage enclosing the resonator, the balance and the inner end of the spiral being fixed on a shaft pivoting between the walls of the cage, the latter pivoting between a bridge and the geometric center of the first fixed wheel;
  • the first and second fixed wheels are made in one piece;
  • said at least one pin is magnetized and the teeth or teeth are made of paramagnetic material having a magnetic permeability greater than 1.5 or said at least one peg is made of paramagnetic material having a magnetic permeability greater than 1.5 and the teeth or teeth are magnetized to allow magnetic bonding between said teeth and said at least one peg.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres particularités et avantages ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation de système d'échappement selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 2 à 6 sont des vues en plan du mode de réalisation de la figure 1 expliquant le fonctionnement d'un système d'échappement sur deux alternances consécutives du résonateur balancier-spiral selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 7 est un graphique accompagnant les explications relatives aux figures 2 à 6 ;
  • la figure 8 est un graphique comparant les couples exercés, d'une part, sur le résonateur balancier-spiral selon l'invention et, d'autre part, sur un résonateur balancier-spiral coopérant avec un système d'échappement du type à ancre suisse ;
  • la figure 9 est une vue en coupe d'un système d'échappement selon la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 10 est une vue en coupe d'un système d'échappement selon un deuxième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 11 est une vue en plan d'un système d'échappement selon un troisième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 12 est une coupe selon XII-XII de la figure 11 ;
  • la figure 13 est une coupe selon XIII-XIII de la figure 11 ;
  • la figure 14 est une vue en plan d'un système d'échappement selon un quatrième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 15 est une vue en plan d'un système d'échappement selon un cinquième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 16 est une coupe selon XVI-XVI de la figure 15 ;
  • la figure 17 est une vue en perspective partielle de la figure 15.
Other particularities and advantages will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the exhaust system according to the invention;
  • the Figures 2 to 6 are plan views of the embodiment of the figure 1 explaining the operation of an exhaust system on two consecutive alternations of the sprung-balance resonator according to the invention;
  • the figure 7 is a graphic accompanying the explanations for Figures 2 to 6 ;
  • the figure 8 is a graph comparing the pairs exerted, on the one hand, on the sprung-balance resonator according to the invention and, on the other hand, on a sprung-balance resonator cooperating with an escapement system of the Swiss anchor type;
  • the figure 9 is a sectional view of an exhaust system according to the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 10 is a sectional view of an exhaust system according to a second embodiment;
  • the figure 11 is a plan view of an exhaust system according to a third embodiment;
  • the figure 12 is a cup according to XII-XII of the figure 11 ;
  • the figure 13 is a section according to XIII-XIII of the figure 11 ;
  • the figure 14 is a plan view of an exhaust system according to a fourth embodiment;
  • the figure 15 is a plan view of an exhaust system according to a fifth embodiment;
  • the figure 16 is a cup according to XVI-XVI of the figure 15 ;
  • the figure 17 is a partial perspective view of the figure 15 .

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Un premier mode de réalisation de la présente invention est illustré à la figure 1 qui est une vue en perspective d'un oscillateur selon l'invention, c'est-à-dire un système d'échappement 18 couplé à un résonateur 15 balancier-spiral. Le résonateur 15 selon l'invention comporte un balancier 1 associé à un spiral 2.A first embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. figure 1 which is a perspective view of an oscillator according to the invention, that is to say an exhaust system 18 coupled to a balance-spring resonator-spiral. The resonator 15 according to the invention comprises a balance 1 associated with a spiral 2.

Pour la clarté du dessin et ne pas masquer les éléments se trouvant sous lui, le spiral 2 n'est représenté que par un nombre limité de spires. Toutefois, le spiral 2 peut, bien entendu, comporter un plus grand nombre de spires sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. L'extrémité intérieure 50 du spiral 2 est fixée sur un arbre 43 comme, par exemple, au moyen d'une virole (mieux visible à la figure 9) venue de forme. Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 1, on peut voir que le balancier 1 est également fixé sur l'arbre 43.For clarity of the drawing and not to hide the elements under it, the spiral 2 is represented only by a limited number of turns. However, the spiral 2 may, of course, have a greater number of turns without departing from the scope of the invention. The inner end 50 of the hairspring 2 is fixed on a shaft 43 such as, for example, by means of a ferrule (better visible in the figure 9 ) come form. In the example shown in figure 1 it can be seen that the balance 1 is also fixed on the shaft 43.

Selon l'invention, le système d'échappement 18 comporte une roue d'échappement mobile 3 disposée coaxialement par rapport au résonateur 15. Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 1, la roue d'échappement mobile 3 est entraînée par une roue de secondes 4 appartenant au rouage de la pièce d'horlogerie qui est en prise avec un barillet fournissant la force motrice de la pièce d'horlogerie.According to the invention, the exhaust system 18 comprises a movable escapement wheel 3 disposed coaxially with respect to the resonator 15. In the example illustrated in FIG. figure 1 , the mobile escapement wheel 3 is driven by a wheel of seconds 4 belonging to the wheel of the timepiece which is engaged with a barrel providing the driving force of the timepiece.

Le système d'échappement 18 comprend en outre une première roue fixe 5 présentant une denture extérieure 6 et une seconde roue fixe 7 présentant une denture intérieure 8. Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 1, les deux roues fixes 5, 7 du système d'échappement 18 sont disposées coaxialement à la roue d'échappement mobile 3 et fixées à un point fixe de la pièce d'horlogerie, comme par exemple sa platine, au moyen de vis 16 et 17. De plus, on peut voir que les première et seconde roues fixes 5 et 7 sont disposées dans le même plan, la première roue 5 étant placée à l'intérieur de la seconde roue 7 en laissant un espace, formant un canal fermé 56 sensiblement crénelé et symétrique, dans lequel une cheville 14 peut se déplacer.The exhaust system 18 further comprises a first fixed wheel 5 having an external toothing 6 and a second fixed wheel 7 having an internal toothing 8. In the example illustrated in FIG. figure 1 the two fixed wheels 5, 7 of the exhaust system 18 are arranged coaxially with the mobile escapement wheel 3 and fixed to a fixed point of the timepiece, for example its plate, by means of screws 16 and 17. In addition, it can be seen that the first and second fixed wheels 5 and 7 are arranged in the same plane, the first wheel 5 being placed inside the second wheel 7 leaving a space, forming a channel closed 56 substantially crenellated and symmetrical, wherein an ankle 14 can move.

Avantageusement selon l'invention, la roue d'échappement mobile 3 est munie d'un dispositif 9 de fixation à l'extrémité extérieure 10 du spiral 2 pour armer ce dernier. De plus, le dispositif 9 de fixation est agencé pour assurer, selon l'état d'armage du spiral 2, un déplacement radial de l'extrémité extérieure 10, celle-ci étant amenée à coopérer alternativement avec la denture 6 de l'une puis la denture 8 de l'autre des première 5 et seconde 7 roues fixes. On comprend que ce déplacement radial permet au système d'échappement 18 d'assurer l'entretien du résonateur 15 et l'échappement de la roue de secondes 4.Advantageously according to the invention, the mobile escapement wheel 3 is provided with a device 9 for fixing the outer end 10 of the spiral 2 to arm the latter. In addition, the fixing device 9 is arranged to ensure, according to the state of winding of the hairspring 2, a radial displacement of the outer end 10, the latter being brought to cooperate alternately with the toothing 6 of one then the toothing 8 of the other of the first 5 and second 7 fixed wheels. It is understood that this radial displacement allows the exhaust system 18 to ensure the maintenance of the resonator 15 and the escape of the seconds wheel 4.

Une coupe de principe exercée sur la figure 1 est montrée en figure 9. La roue d'échappement mobile 3 est associée à un élément interne 40 venu de forme dans l'exemple de la figure 9. L'ensemble roue d'échappement mobile 3 - élément interne 40 est rendu mobile à rotation par rapport à un point fixe 42 de la pièce d'horlogerie, comme par exemple sa platine, à l'aide préférentiellement d'un roulement à billes 41.A cut of principle exerted on the figure 1 is shown in figure 9 . The mobile escapement wheel 3 is associated with an internal element 40 that has come into shape in the example of the figure 9 . The mobile escapement wheel assembly 3 - internal element 40 is made rotatable relative to a fixed point 42 of the timepiece, such as its plate, preferably using a ball bearing 41 .

Comme mieux visible à la figure 9, on peut voir que le balancier 1 et l'extrémité intérieure 50 du spiral 2 sont fixés sur l'arbre 43 pivotant entre un pont 44 et le centre géométrique de la première roue fixe 5 qu'il soit réel ou virtuel comme expliqué ci-dessous.As better visible at the figure 9 it can be seen that the rocker 1 and the inner end 50 of the hairspring 2 are fixed on the pivoting shaft 43 between a bridge 44 and the geometric center of the first fixed wheel 5, whether real or virtual, as explained hereinafter. below.

Préférentiellement selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif 9 de fixation comporte une barrette 11 articulée pour assurer le déplacement radial de l'extrémité extérieure 10 du spiral 2. La barrette 11 est montée, d'une part, sur un piton 12 pivotant portée par la roue d'échappement mobile 3 et, d'autre part, sur l'extrémité extérieure 10 du spiral 2. Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 1, on peut voir que l'extrémité extérieure 10 du spiral 2 est solidaire de la cheville 14 pouvant évoluer dans le canal fermé 56 sensiblement crénelé et symétrique et étant destinée à être ajustée à l'extrémité libre 13 de la barrette 11. Préférentiellement, la cheville 14 est formée selon le même matériau que le spiral 2 ou à base de rubis.Preferably according to the first embodiment of the invention, the fixing device 9 comprises a bar 11 articulated to ensure the radial displacement of the outer end 10 of the spiral 2. The bar 11 is mounted, on the one hand, on a pivoting pin 12 carried by the mobile escapement wheel 3 and, secondly, on the outer end 10 of the spiral 2. In the example illustrated in FIG. figure 1 , it can be seen that the outer end 10 of the hairspring 2 is integral with the peg 14 which can evolve in the closed channel 56 substantially crenellated and symmetrical and being adapted to be fitted to the free end 13 of the bar 11. Preferably, the ankle 14 is formed according to the same material as the spiral 2 or ruby-based.

Lors du déplacement de la cheville 14 dans le canal 56, pour faciliter son dégagement de l'une 6 puis de l'autre 8 des dents 6, 8 équipant les roues fixes 5 et 7, on peut donner à la cheville 14 la forme d'une goupille cylindrique à section circulaire ou elliptique.When moving the pin 14 in the channel 56, to facilitate its release from one 6 and the other 8 of the teeth 6, 8 equipping the fixed wheels 5 and 7, can be given to the pin 14 in the form of a cylindrical pin with circular or elliptical section.

On va expliquer maintenant le fonctionnement du système d'échappement 18 selon l'invention en se référant aux figures 2 à 6 et au graphique de la figure 7. Ces figures décrivent le cheminement de la cheville 14 lors de deux alternances consécutives du spiral 2 en assurant deux échappements consécutifs de la roue de secondes 4. En figure 7, la courbe A montre l'angle en degrés parcouru par le résonateur 15 en fonction du temps en secondes et, la courbe B, l'angle en degrés parcouru par la roue d'échappement mobile 3 en fonction du temps en secondes.

  1. a) En figure 2, le spiral 2 est en contraction maximale (point 52 sur la figure 7) à partir de laquelle il entre dans une première phase d'expansion (région 53 sur la figure 7) laquelle prend fin lorsqu'il atteint sa position d'équilibre, ou point mort 54, phase durant laquelle la cheville 14 est maintenue bloquée contre une dent extérieure 6 de la première roue fixe 5.
  2. b) En figure 3, à partir de la position d'équilibre (point 54 sur la figure 7) le spiral 2 entre dans une seconde phase d'expansion (région 55 sur la figure 7) au début de laquelle la cheville 14 est poussée radialement, par la déformation élastique du spiral lui-même, hors de la dent extérieure 6 de la première roue fixe 5 pour être amenée dans le canal 56 entre deux dents intérieures 8 de la seconde roue fixe 7. On comprend donc que la cheville 14 est rendue libre par son déplacement radial par rapport aux roues 5, 7.
  3. c) En figure 4, la cheville 14 rendue libre et, incidemment la roue d'échappement mobile 3, sont entraînées par la roue de secondes 4 mise sous contrainte par le barillet de la pièce d'horlogerie. Par conséquent, la roue d'échappement mobile 3 se déplace d'un premier angle d'impulsion α qui amène la cheville 14, à venir buter et se bloquer contre une dent intérieure 8 de la seconde roue fixe 7. Ce déplacement conduit le spiral 2 à parcourir sa seconde phase d'expansion 55 puis une première phase de contraction (région 58 sur la figure 7) pendant lesquelles la cheville 14 reste bloquée contre la même dent intérieure 8. La seconde phase d'expansion 55 et la première phase de contraction 58 définissent un premier arc supplémentaire du balancier 1.
  4. d) En figure 5, la première phase de contraction 58 prend fin lorsque le spiral atteint sa position d'équilibre (point 59 sur la figure 7) à partir de laquelle le spiral 2 entre dans une seconde phase de contraction (région 60 sur la figure 7) au début de laquelle la cheville 14 est poussée radialement hors de la dent intérieure 8 de la seconde roue fixe 7 pour être amenée dans le canal 56 entre deux dents extérieures 6 de la première roue fixe 5. On comprend donc que la cheville 14 est à nouveau rendue libre par son déplacement radial par rapport aux roues 5, 7.
  5. e) En figure 6, la cheville 14 rendue libre par son déplacement radial et, incidemment la roue d'échappement mobile 3, sont entraînées par la roue de secondes 4. Par conséquent, la roue d'échappement mobile 3 se déplaçant d'un second angle d'impulsion β qui amène la cheville 14 à venir buter et se bloquer contre une nouvelle dent extérieure 6 de la première roue fixe 5. Ce déplacement conduit le spiral 2 à parcourir sa seconde phase de contraction 60 puis une nouvelle et répétitive première phase d'expansion (région 63 sur la figure 7 similaire à la région 53) pendant lesquelles la cheville 14 reste bloquée contre la nouvelle dent extérieure 6. La seconde phase de contraction 60 et nouvelle première phase d'expansion 63 définissent un second arc supplémentaire du balancier 1.
We will now explain the operation of the exhaust system 18 according to the invention with reference to the Figures 2 to 6 and at the graph of the figure 7 . These figures describe the path of the pin 14 during two consecutive alternations of the spring 2 ensuring two consecutive escapements of the seconds wheel. figure 7 , curve A shows the angle in degrees traveled by the resonator 15 as a function of time in seconds and, curve B, the angle in degrees traveled by the moving escapement wheel 3 as a function of time in seconds.
  1. a) In figure 2 , the hairspring 2 is in maximum contraction (point 52 on the figure 7 ) from which it enters a first phase of expansion (region 53 on the figure 7 ) which ends when it reaches its equilibrium position, or dead point 54, phase during which the pin 14 is held locked against an outer tooth 6 of the first fixed wheel 5.
  2. b) In figure 3 , from the equilibrium position (point 54 on the figure 7 spiral 2 enters a second expansion phase (region 55 on the figure 7 ) at the beginning of which the pin 14 is pushed radially, by the elastic deformation of the spring itself, out of the outer tooth 6 of the first fixed wheel 5 to be brought into the channel 56 between two inner teeth 8 of the second wheel fixed 7. It is therefore understood that the pin 14 is made free by its radial displacement relative to the wheels 5, 7.
  3. c) In figure 4 , the pin 14 made free and, incidentally the movable escape wheel 3, are driven by the seconds wheel 4 put under constraint by the barrel of the timepiece. Consequently, the mobile escapement wheel 3 moves at a first pulse angle α which brings the pin 14, to abut and lock against an inner tooth 8 of the second fixed wheel 7. This displacement drives the hairspring 2 to go through its second expansion phase 55 and then a first phase of contraction (region 58 on the figure 7 ) during which the pin 14 remains locked against the same inner tooth 8. The second expansion phase 55 and the first contraction phase 58 define a first additional arc of the balance 1.
  4. d) In figure 5 the first contraction phase 58 ends when the hairspring reaches its equilibrium position (point 59 on the figure 7 ) from which the hairspring 2 enters a second contraction phase (region 60 on the figure 7 ) at the beginning of which the pin 14 is pushed radially out of the inner tooth 8 of the second fixed wheel 7 to be brought into the channel 56 between two outer teeth 6 of the first fixed wheel 5. It is therefore understood that the pin 14 is again made free by its radial displacement relative to the wheels 5, 7.
  5. e) In figure 6 , the pin 14 made free by its radial displacement and, incidentally the movable escapement wheel 3, are driven by the seconds wheel 4. Therefore, the movable escapement wheel 3 moving from a second pulse angle β which causes the pin 14 to abut and lock against a new outer tooth 6 of the first fixed wheel 5. This movement causes the spring 2 to go through its second phase of contraction 60 and then a new and repetitive first phase of expansion ( region 63 on the figure 7 similar to the region 53) during which the pin 14 remains locked against the new outer tooth 6. The second contraction phase 60 and new first expansion phase 63 define a second additional arc of the balance 1.

Dans le premier mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 6, la figure 7 montre que le but essentiel de la présente invention est atteint, à savoir l'augmentation de l'amplitude A de l'oscillation du balancier. En effet, entre la position 52 et le point d'inflexion entre les régions 55 et 58, l'amplitude A du balancier 1 est de l'ordre de 550 degrés, ce qui dépasse largement les 320 degrés atteints par un système d'échappement du type à ancre suisse. On comprend également que cette augmentation de l'amplitude A est atteint en entretenant le résonateur 15, c'est-à-dire en fournissant de l'énergie, directement par le spiral 2 par traction de son extrémité extérieure 10 et par non le balancier 1 lui-même comme dans les échappements traditionnels à ancre suisse. Avantageusement selon l'invention, il n'est donc plus nécessaire de monter un plateau sur l'axe de balancier.In the first embodiment of the Figures 1 to 6 , the figure 7 shows that the essential object of the present invention is achieved, namely the increase of the amplitude A of the oscillation of the balance. Indeed, between the position 52 and the point of inflection between the regions 55 and 58, the amplitude A of the balance 1 is of the order of 550 degrees, which greatly exceeds the 320 degrees reached by an anchor type exhaust system Swiss. It is also understood that this increase in amplitude A is achieved by maintaining the resonator 15, that is to say by supplying energy, directly by the spring 2 by pulling its outer end 10 and by not the balance 1 itself as in traditional Swiss anchor escapements. Advantageously according to the invention, it is therefore no longer necessary to mount a plate on the balance shaft.

La figure 8 est un graphique comparant les couples transmis en millinewtonmillimètres (mNmm), d'une part, au résonateur 15 équipant la présente invention (tracé E) et, d'autre part, à un résonateur balancier-spiral énergétiquement équilvalent équipant un système d'échappement du type à ancre suisse (tracé F). On s'aperçoit que le couple conféré au résonateur 15 selon l'invention durant l'angle pendant lequel il est appliqué est nettement plus important (maximum de l'ordre de 0,25 mNmm) que celui conféré au résonateur balancier-spiral d'un système d'échappement conventionnel (maximum de l'ordre de 0,06 mNmm), ce qui explique une accélération plus rapide du balancier 1 selon l'invention et, incidemment, permet d'atteindre une amplitude plus grande de son oscillation. On comprend également, avantageusement selon l'invention, que la vitesse instantanée lors du passage par le point de repos est plus grande. Or, pour les systèmes d'entretien par chocs, la vitesse instantanée plus faible est une limitation intrinsèque handicapante.The figure 8 is a graph comparing the couples transmitted in milli-milli-millimeters (mNmm), on the one hand, to the resonator 15 equipping the present invention (E-pattern) and, on the other hand, to an energy equilibrium balance-spring resonator equipping an exhaust system of the Swiss anchor type (route F). It can be seen that the torque imparted to the resonator 15 according to the invention during the angle during which it is applied is much larger (maximum of the order of 0.25 mNmm) than that conferred on the spring balance resonator. a conventional exhaust system (maximum of the order of 0.06 mNmm), which explains a faster acceleration of the balance 1 according to the invention and, incidentally, allows to achieve a greater amplitude of its oscillation. It is also understood, advantageously according to the invention, that the instantaneous speed during the passage through the rest point is greater. However, for shock maintenance systems, the lower instantaneous speed is a crippling intrinsic limitation.

La figure 7 montre encore que les angles α et β illustrés respectivement sur les figures 4 et 6 sont sensiblement égales chacun à 30 degrés et sont parcourus (α+β) en 0,25 secondes pour une fréquence sensiblement égale à 4 Hz. Il résulte que la roue d'échappement mobile 3 fait un tour en sensiblement 1,5 seconde. On comprend donc que ce même mouvement de rotation affecte le résonateur 15 qui tourne à la manière d'un tourbillon avec un effet similaire, c'est-à-dire que cette rotation permettant de moyenner et de corriger les effets de gravité sur le résonateur 15.The figure 7 shows again that the angles α and β illustrated respectively on the figures 4 and 6 are substantially equal to each other at 30 degrees and are traveled (α + β) in 0.25 seconds for a frequency substantially equal to 4 Hz. It follows that the mobile escapement wheel 3 makes a turn in substantially 1.5 seconds. It is thus understood that this same rotational movement affects the resonator 15 which rotates in the manner of a vortex with a similar effect, that is to say that this rotation for averaging and correcting the effects of gravity on the resonator 15.

Par conséquent, avantageusement selon l'invention, outre l'augmentation de l'énergie mécanique Em due à l'augmentation de l'amplitude A de l'oscillation du balancier 1, le système d'échappement 18 permet de corriger les effets de gravité. On comprend également que le système d'échappement 18 offre la garantie d'auto-démarrage d'un mouvement à haute fréquence même avec une grand rigidité, l'augmentation de la stabilité et du facteur de qualité en l'absence de chocs d'entretien, l'élimination du risque de rebat et de renversement qui sont intrinsèque à l'architecture, l'amélioration du rendement des fonctions d'échappement car les pertes sont dues uniquement aux frottements dans les pivots et un mobile et la réduction du nombre de composants à huiler par la suppression de l'ancre.Therefore, advantageously according to the invention, besides the increase of the mechanical energy E m due to the increase of the amplitude A of the oscillation of the balance 1, the exhaust system 18 makes it possible to correct the effects of gravity. It is also understood that the exhaust system 18 offers the guarantee of self-starting a high frequency movement even with a high rigidity, the increase in stability and the quality factor in the absence of shocks. maintenance, elimination of the risk of rebat and overturning that are intrinsic to the architecture, improving the performance of the exhaust functions because the losses are due solely to the friction in the pivots and a moving and reducing the number of components to be oiled by removing the anchor.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas au premier mode de réalisation mais est susceptible de diverses variantes et modifications tout en conservant les effets et avantages cités ci-dessus. En particulier, un deuxième mode de réalisation de système d'échappement 21 selon l'invention est illustré à la figure 10. Dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation, la roue d'échappement mobile 3 du premier mode de réalisation est remplacée par une denture 19 formée à l'extérieure d'une cage 45. La cage 45 enferme un résonateur 20 qui est du même type que le résonateur 15 du premier mode de réalisation. Ainsi, le balancier 1 et l'extrémité intérieure 50 du spiral 2 sont fixés sur un arbre 46 pivotant entre les parois 47 et 48 de la cage 45. Comme visible à la figure 10, la cage 45 du système d'échappement 21 est montée pivotante entre un pont 49 et le centre de la première roue fixe 5.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the first embodiment but is capable of various variants and modifications while retaining the effects and advantages mentioned above. In particular, a second embodiment of the exhaust system 21 according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. figure 10 . In this second embodiment, the mobile escapement wheel 3 of the first embodiment is replaced by a toothing 19 formed on the outside of a cage 45. The cage 45 encloses a resonator 20 which is of the same type as the resonator 15 of the first embodiment. Thus, the rocker 1 and the inner end 50 of the hairspring 2 are fixed on a shaft 46 pivoting between the walls 47 and 48 of the cage 45. As visible in FIG. figure 10 , the cage 45 of the exhaust system 21 is pivotally mounted between a bridge 49 and the center of the first fixed wheel 5.

Un troisième mode de réalisation de système d'échappement 22 selon l'invention est illustré aux figures 11 à 13. Le système d'échappement 22 diffère des deux précédents modes de réalisation en ce que les première et seconde roues fixes 5 et 7 sont faites en une seule pièce.A third embodiment of exhaust system 22 according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. Figures 11 to 13 . The exhaust system 22 differs from the two previous embodiments in that the first and second fixed wheels 5 and 7 are made in one piece.

Afin de mieux expliquer ce troisième mode de réalisation, les figures 12 et 13 ont été réalisées selon les coupes respectivement XII et XIII de la figure 11. Le résonateur 23 du troisième mode de réalisation est du même type que le résonateur 15, 20 des deux premiers modes de réalisation. On retrouve donc le balancier 1 équipé de vis d'équilibrage 70 et relié à l'arbre 43 au moyen de quatre bras 71. L'arbre 43 est monté pivotant entre le pont 44 et un palier 72 solidaire d'un bloc 51 qui incorpore en une seule pièce les dents extérieures 6 et dents intérieures 8, formées, dans les deux premiers modes de réalisation, par les roues fixes 5 et 7.In order to better explain this third embodiment, the Figures 12 and 13 were made according to sections XII and XIII respectively of the figure 11 . The resonator 23 of the third embodiment is of the same type as the resonator 15, of the first two embodiments. There is therefore the balance 1 equipped with balancing screw 70 and connected to the shaft 43 by means of four arms 71. The shaft 43 is pivotally mounted between the bridge 44 and a bearing 72 secured to a block 51 which incorporates in one piece the outer teeth 6 and inner teeth 8, formed, in the first two embodiments, by the fixed wheels 5 and 7.

Le balancier 1 est associé au spiral 24 comportant plus de spires que le spiral 2 du premier mode de réalisation et dont l'extrémité de la spire intérieure 50 est fixée à l'arbre 43 par exemple au moyen d'une virole. L'extrémité de la spire extérieure 10 est attachée à la cheville 14 fixée à l'extrémité libre 13 de la barrette 11, cette dernière étant articulée sur le piton 12 porté par la roue d'échappement mobile 3 comme pour le premier mode de réalisation. La roue d'échappement mobile 3 est munie d'une denture 73 en prise avec la roue de secondes 4 également comme pour le premier mode de réalisation et est associée à l'élément interne 40 d'un roulement à billes 41 dont l'élément externe 42 est solidaire du bloc 51 fixées à un point fixe de la pièce d'horlogerie, comme par exemple sa platine.The balance 1 is associated with the spiral 24 having more turns than the spiral 2 of the first embodiment and the end of the inner coil 50 is fixed to the shaft 43 for example by means of a ferrule. The end of the outer turn 10 is attached to the pin 14 fixed to the free end 13 of the bar 11, the latter being hinged to the pin 12 carried by the mobile escapement wheel 3 as for the first embodiment . The mobile escapement wheel 3 is provided with a set of teeth 73 in engagement with the seconds wheel 4 also as for the first embodiment and is associated with the internal element 40 of a ball bearing 41 whose element external 42 is secured to the block 51 fixed to a fixed point of the timepiece, such as its platinum.

Un quatrième mode de réalisation selon l'invention est illustré à la figure 14. Le résonateur 25 du quatrième mode de réalisation est du même type que le résonateur 15, 20, 23 des trois premiers modes de réalisation. Contrairement à ce qui a été montré dans les trois modes de réalisation ci-dessus dans lesquels les première et seconde roues fixes 5, 7 étaient situées dans le même plan, dans le quatrième mode de réalisation, le système d'échappement 25 comporte des première et seconde roues fixes 70, 71 qui sont placées l'une sur l'autre. Les première et seconde roues fixes 70, 71 comportent respectivement des première et seconde dents intérieures 72, 73 qui se superposent.A fourth embodiment according to the invention is illustrated in the figure 14 . The resonator 25 of the fourth embodiment is of the same type as the resonator 15, 20, 23 of the first three embodiments. Contrary to what has been shown in the three embodiments above in which the first and second fixed wheels 5, 7 were located in the same plane, in the fourth embodiment, the exhaust system 25 includes first and second fixed wheels 70, 71 which are placed one over the other. The first and second fixed wheels 70, 71 respectively comprise first and second inner teeth 72, 73 which are superposed.

On observe également à la figure 14 que les premières dents 72 comportent un diamètre interne plus petit que celui des deuxièmes dents 73. Dans le quatrième mode de réalisation, le dispositif 74 de fixation diffère de celui 9 des trois premiers modes de réalisation. Ainsi, le dispositif 74 de fixation comporte une bascule 75 articulée sur un piton 12 porté par la roue d'échappement mobile 3. La bascule 75 porte un premier bras 76 à l'extrémité duquel sont fixées l'extrémité extérieure 10 du spiral 2 et une première cheville 77 agencée pour coopérer avec les premières dents 72 de la première roue fixe 70. La bascule 75 porte encore un second bras 78 à l'extrémité duquel est fixée une seconde cheville 79 agencée pour coopérer avec les secondes dents 73 de la seconde roue fixe 71. Préférentiellement, chaque cheville 77, 79 est formée selon le même matériau que le spiral 2 ou à base de rubis.We also observe figure 14 that the first teeth 72 have a smaller internal diameter than that of the second teeth 73. In the fourth embodiment, the fixing device 74 differs from that 9 of the first three embodiments. Thus, the fixing device 74 comprises a rocker 75 articulated on a stud 12 carried by the mobile escapement wheel 3. The rocker 75 carries a first arm 76 at the end of which are fixed the outer end 10 of the spiral 2 and a first pin 77 arranged to cooperate with the first teeth 72 of the first fixed wheel 70. The rocker 75 still carries a second arm 78 at the end of which is fixed a second pin 79 arranged to cooperate with the second teeth 73 of the second fixed wheel 71. Preferably, each pin 77, 79 is formed according to the same material as the spiral 2 or ruby-based.

La figure 14 montre un spiral 2 du type du premier mode de réalisation en expansion maximale. La première cheville 77 est maintenue bloquée contre une première dent 72 de la première roue fixe 70. Quand le spiral 2 se contracte, la cheville 77 se déplace radialement vers l'intérieur amenant la bascule 75 à pivoter dans un sens antihoraire et la première cheville 77 à se libérer d'une première dent 72.The figure 14 shows a spiral 2 of the type of the first embodiment in maximum expansion. The first pin 77 is held locked against a first tooth 72 of the first fixed wheel 70. When the spring 2 contracts, the pin 77 moves radially inwardly causing the rocker 75 to pivot in a counterclockwise direction and the first pin 77 to free itself from a first tooth 72.

La seconde cheville 79 de la bascule 75 entre alors dans l'espace séparant deux secondes dents 73 ce qui libère la roue d'échappement mobile 3 qui progresse alors d'un premier angle d'impulsion par entraînement de la roue de seconde 4 jusqu'à ce que la seconde cheville 79 vienne buter contre une seconde dent 73 de la seconde roue fixe 71.The second pin 79 of the rocker 75 then enters the space separating two second teeth 73 which releases the mobile escapement wheel 3 which then progresses by a first pulse angle by driving the wheel of the second wheel 4 the second pin 79 abuts against a second tooth 73 of the second fixed wheel 71.

Un second angle d'impulsion est parcouru quand, le spiral 2 passant en expansion, la seconde cheville 79 se libère de la seconde dent 73, la bascule 75 tournant alors dans le sens horaire. La première cheville 77 tombe alors dans l'espace séparant deux premières dents 72 et la roue d'échappement mobile 3 alors d'un deuxième angle d'impulsion par entraînement de la roue de seconde 4 jusqu'à ce que la première cheville 77 vienne buter contre une première dent 72 de la première roue fixe 70. On notera que dans ce quatrième mode de réalisation, les roues fixes 70 et 71 étant disposées l'une sur l'autre, la seconde cheville 79 doit présenter une longueur plus réduite par rapport à la longueur de la première cheville 77.A second pulse angle is traveled when, the spiral 2 expanding, the second pin 79 is released from the second tooth 73, the rocker 75 then rotating in the clockwise direction. The first pin 77 then falls into the space between two first teeth 72 and the mobile escapement wheel 3 then a second pulse angle by driving the wheel of second 4 until the first pin 77 comes abut against a first tooth 72 of the first fixed wheel 70. Note that in this fourth embodiment, the fixed wheels 70 and 71 being arranged one on the other, the second pin 79 must have a shorter length relative to the length of the first pin 77.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple illustré mais est susceptible de diverses variantes et modifications qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, les quatre modes de réalisation présentés ci-dessus sont susceptibles d'être combinés afin de s'adapter aux contraintes d'implantation tout en conservant les effets et avantages cités ci-dessus communs aux quatre modes de réalisation. A titre d'exemple nullement limitatif, les première 70 et seconde 71 roues fixes du quatrième mode de réalisation pourraient être faites en une seule pièce comme proposé dans le troisième mode de réalisation.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art. In particular, the four embodiments presented above are capable of being combined in order to adapt to the implementation constraints while preserving the effects and advantages mentioned above common to the four embodiments. By way of non-limiting example, the first 70 and second 71 fixed wheels of the fourth embodiment could be made in one piece as proposed in the third embodiment.

Il est également possible que la pièce articulée par rapport à la roue d'échappement mobile 3, 19, 45, c'est-à-dire par la bascule 75 ou la barrette 11, soit remplacée par une pièce de forme différente telle qu'une pièce sensiblement en forme de demi-cylindre.It is also possible that the part articulated with respect to the mobile escapement wheel 3, 19, 45, that is to say by the rocker 75 or the bar 11, is replaced by a piece of different shape such that a substantially half-cylinder shaped part.

Dans un mode de réalisation comportant plusieurs chevilles 14, 77, 79 tel que le quatrième mode de réalisation, il peut être envisagé que les bras 76, 78 de la pièce articulée 75 par rapport à la roue d'échappement mobile 3, 19, 45 soient décalés en hauteur.In one embodiment comprising several pins 14, 77, 79 such as the fourth embodiment, it can be envisaged that the arms 76, 78 of the articulated part 75 with respect to the mobile escapement wheel 3, 19, 45 are offset in height.

De plus, les première et deuxième dentures 6, 8, 72, 73 doivent s'entendre comme des butées ou des surfaces de contact permettant d'arrêter et de bloquer ladite au moins une cheville 14, 77, 79. A ce titre, les première et seconde dentures 6, 8, 72, 73 peuvent être formées par des goupilles, c'est-à-dire des tiges s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement par rapport à ladite au moins une cheville 14, 77, 79 afin d'entrer en contact avec ladite au moins une cheville 14, 77, 79 selon le fonctionnement expliqué ci-dessus. On comprend donc que les première et/ou deuxième dentures 6, 8, 72, 73 peuvent en quelque sorte être squelettées, c'est-à-dire ne pas être entièrement pleines.In addition, the first and second teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 must be understood as abutments or contact surfaces for stopping and blocking said at least one pin 14, 77, 79. As such, the first and second teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 may be formed by pins, that is to say rods extending substantially parallel to said at least one pin 14, 77, 79 to enter contact with said at least one pin 14, 77, 79 according to the operation explained above. It is therefore understood that the first and / or second teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 may in some way be skeletonized, that is to say not be fully filled.

Ainsi, un cinquième mode de réalisation de système d'échappement 122 selon l'invention est illustré aux figures 15 à 17. Le système d'échappement 122 diffère des précédents modes de réalisation en ce que l'espace entre les dentures est totalement ouvert et, plus généralement, le concept de première et seconde roues fixes n'est plus applicable car seules les surfaces utiles des dentures sont utilisées.Thus, a fifth embodiment of exhaust system 122 according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. Figures 15 to 17 . The exhaust system 122 differs from the previous embodiments in that the gap between the teeth is completely open and, more generally, the concept of first and second fixed wheels is no longer applicable because only the useful surfaces of the teeth are used.

Afin de mieux expliquer ce cinquième mode de réalisation, les figures 16 et 17 ont été réalisées respectivement selon la coupe XVI-XVI et en enlevant une partie des éléments de la figure 15. Le résonateur 123 du cinquième mode de réalisation est proche du résonateur 23 du troisième mode de réalisation. On retrouve donc le balancier 101 relié à l'arbre 143 au moyen de deux bras 171. L'arbre 143 est monté pivotant entre le pont 144 et un palier 172 solidaire d'un bloc 151 qui incorpore en une seule pièce les dents extérieures 106 et dents intérieures 108.In order to better explain this fifth embodiment, the figures 16 and 17 were made respectively according to section XVI-XVI and by removing some of the elements of the figure 15 . The resonator 123 of the fifth embodiment is close to the resonator 23 of the third embodiment. There is therefore the balance 101 connected to the shaft 143 by means of two arms 171. The shaft 143 is pivotally mounted between the bridge 144 and a bearing 172 secured to a block 151 which incorporates in one piece the outer teeth 106 and inner teeth 108.

Le balancier 101 est associé au spiral 124 comportant plus de spires que le spiral 2 du premier mode de réalisation et dont l'extrémité de la spire intérieure 150 est fixée à l'arbre 143 par exemple au moyen d'une virole. L'extrémité de la spire extérieure 110 est attachée à la cheville 114 fixée à l'extrémité libre 113 de la pièce 111 articulée.The rocker 101 is associated with the spiral 124 having more turns than the spiral 2 of the first embodiment and the end of the inner coil 150 is fixed to the shaft 143 for example by means of a ferrule. The end of the outer turn 110 is attached to the pin 114 attached to the free end 113 of the hinged piece 111.

La pièce 111 est articulée sur le piton 112 porté par la roue d'échappement mobile 103 comme pour les autres modes de réalisation. La roue d'échappement mobile 103 est munie d'une denture 173 en prise avec la roue de secondes 4 également comme pour les autres modes de réalisation et est associée à l'élément interne 140 d'un roulement à billes 141 dont l'élément externe 142 est solidaire du bloc 151 fixées à un point fixe de la pièce d'horlogerie, comme par exemple sa platine.The piece 111 is articulated on the pin 112 carried by the mobile escapement wheel 103 as for the other embodiments. The mobile escapement wheel 103 is provided with a set of teeth 173 in engagement with the seconds wheel 4, likewise for the other embodiments, and is associated with the internal element 140 of a ball bearing 141 whose element external 142 is secured to the block 151 fixed to a fixed point of the timepiece, such as its platinum.

Ainsi comme mieux visible à la figure 17, le bloc 151 comporte une première série de dents 106 et une deuxième série de dents 108. Les séries de dents 106, 108 sont distribuées circulairement et coaxialement à la roue d'échappement mobile 103. De plus, la première série de dents 106 est distribuée circulairement dans le même plan et selon un rayon plus faible que celui de la deuxième série de dents 108. On comprend donc que les effets et avantages présentés dans les quatre autres modes de réalisation sont conservés.So as better visible to the figure 17 the block 151 comprises a first series of teeth 106 and a second series of teeth 108. The series of teeth 106, 108 are distributed circularly and coaxially with the movable escapement wheel 103. In addition, the first series of teeth 106 is distributed circularly in the same plane and according to a radius more low that that of the second series of teeth 108. It is therefore clear that the effects and advantages presented in the other four embodiments are retained.

On peut également voir à la figure 17 que la cheville 114 est limitée en débattement radial par une rainure 180 formée dans une plaque 181 s'étendant en porte-à-faux du diamètre interne de la roue d'échappement mobile 103 vers l'arbre 143. On comprend donc que l'amplitude est limitée par la butée entre la cheville 114 et la paroi de la plaque 181 autour de la rainure 180.We can also see at the figure 17 that the pin 114 is limited in radial clearance by a groove 180 formed in a plate 181 extending in cantilever from the inner diameter of the movable escapement wheel 103 to the shaft 143. It is therefore understood that the amplitude is limited by the stop between the pin 114 and the wall of the plate 181 around the groove 180.

Enfin, afin d'améliorer le blocage des modes de réalisation ci-dessus, un collage magnétique entre lesdites dentures et ladite au moins une cheville peut également être prévu. Par conséquent, à titre d'exemple, ladite au moins une cheville 14, 77, 79 peut être magnétisée et les dentures 6, 8, 72, 73 ou dents 106, 108 peuvent être en matériau paramagnétique comportant une perméabilité magnétique supérieure à 1,5, ou inversement, ladite au moins une cheville 14, 77, 79 peut être magnétisée et les dentures 6, 8, 72, 73 ou dents 106, 108 peuvent être en matériau paramagnétique comportant une perméabilité magnétique supérieure à 1,5.Finally, in order to improve the locking of the above embodiments, magnetic bonding between said toothing and said at least one peg may also be provided. Therefore, by way of example, said at least one pin 14, 77, 79 may be magnetized and the teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 or teeth 106, 108 may be made of paramagnetic material having a magnetic permeability greater than 1, 5, or conversely, said at least one pin 14, 77, 79 may be magnetized and the teeth 6, 8, 72, 73 or teeth 106, 108 may be of paramagnetic material having a magnetic permeability greater than 1.5.

Bien entendu, les modes de réalisation et/ou alternatives et/ou variantes cités ci-dessus sont combinables entre eux suivant les applications nécessaires.Of course, the embodiments and / or alternatives and / or variants mentioned above are combinable with each other according to the necessary applications.

Claims (21)

  1. Timepiece including a resonator (15,20,23) formed by a balance (1) associated with a balance spring (2, 24) and cooperating with an escapement system (18, 21, 22) that includes a moving escape wheel (3, 19, 45) arranged coaxially to the balance (1) and driven by the gear train (4) of the timepiece, characterized in that the escapement system (18, 21, 22) further comprises a first fixed wheel (5) having a first toothing (6) and a second fixed wheel (7) having a second toothing (8), the first fixed wheel (5) being arranged inside the second fixed wheel (7) in the same plane and leaving a space forming a closed channel (56), the first and second fixed wheels (5, 7) being arranged coaxially to the moving escape wheel (3, 19, 45) and a device (9) for securing the outer end (10) of the balance spring (2, 24) including a part (11) hinged relative to the moving escape wheel (3, 19, 45) and arranged to ensure, according to the state of winding of the balance spring (2, 24), a radial movement of the outer end (10) between the first and second toothings (6, 8) to maintain the resonator (15, 20, 23) and to transmit the motion thereof to the timepiece gear train.
  2. Timepiece according to claim 1, characterized in that the part (11) hinged relative to the moving escape wheel (3, 19, 45) includes at least one impulse pin (14) for cooperating with the first and second toothings (6, 8).
  3. Timepiece according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer end (10) of the balance spring (2) is integral with a free end (13) of the part (11) hinged relative to the moving escape wheel (3, 19, 45).
  4. Timepiece according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the outer end (10) of the balance spring (2) is integral with the at least one impulse pin (14)
  5. Timepiece including a resonator (26) formed by a balance (1) associated with a balance spring (2) and cooperating with an escapement system (25) that includes a moving escape wheel (3) arranged coaxially to the balance (1) and driven by the timepiece gear train, characterized in that the escapement system (25) further comprises a first fixed wheel (70) having a first toothing (72) and a second fixed wheel (71) which, mounted above the first wheel (70), has a second toothing (73), the first toothing (72) having a smaller inner diameter than that of the second toothing (73), the first and second fixed wheels (70, 71) being arranged coaxially to the moving escape wheel (3) and a device (74) for securing the outer end (10) of the balance spring (2) including a part (75) hinged relative to the moving escape wheel (3) and arranged to ensure, according to the state of winding of the balance spring (2), a radial movement of the outer end (10) between the first and second toothings (72, 73) to maintain the resonator (26) and to transmit the motion thereof to the timepiece gear train.
  6. Timepiece according to claim 5, characterized in that the part (75) hinged relative to the moving escape wheel (3, 19, 45) includes at least one impulse pin (77, 79) for cooperating with the first and second toothings (70, 71).
  7. Timepiece according to claim 6, characterized in that the part (75) of the securing device (74) includes a first arm (76) at the end of which there is secured a first impulse pin (77) arranged to cooperate with the first toothing (72), and a second arm (78) at the end of which there is secured a second impulse pin (79) arranged to cooperate with the second toothing (73).
  8. Timepiece according to claim 7, characterized in that the arms (76, 78) of the part (75) are offset in height.
  9. Timepiece according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the outer end (10) of the balance spring (2) is integral with a free end of the part (75) hinged relative to the moving escape wheel (3, 19, 45).
  10. Timepiece according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the outer end (10) of the balance spring (2) is integral with the at least one impulse pin (77, 79).
  11. Timepiece according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the first (5, 70) and second (7, 71) fixed wheels are made in a single piece.
  12. Timepiece including a resonator (123) formed by a balance (101) associated with a balance spring (124) and cooperating with an escapement system (122) that includes a moving escape wheel (103) arranged coaxially to the balance (101) and driven by the timepiece gear train, characterized in that the escapement system (122) further comprises a first series of teeth (106) and a second series of teeth (108), the series of teeth (106, 108) are distributed circularly and coaxially to the moving escape wheel (103), the first series of teeth (106) being distributed circularly on a smaller radius than that of the second series of teeth (108) in the same plane, and a device (109) for securing the outer end (110) of the balance spring (124) including a part (111) hinged relative to the moving escape wheel (103) and arranged to ensure, according to the state of winding of the balance spring (124), a radial movement of the outer end (110) between the first and second series of teeth (106, 108) to maintain the resonator (123) and to transmit the motion thereof to the timepiece gear train.
  13. Timepiece according to claim 12, characterized in that the part (111) hinged relative to the moving escape wheel (103) includes at least one impulse pin (114) for cooperating with the first and second series of teeth (106, 108).
  14. Timepiece according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the outer end (110) of the balance spring (124) is integral with a free end (113) of the part (111) hinged relative to the moving escape wheel (103).
  15. Timepiece according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the outer end (110) of the balance spring (124) is integral with the at least one impulse pin (114)
  16. Timepiece according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the moving escape wheel (3, 103) is moveably mounted relative to a fixed part of the timepiece by means of a ball bearing (41, 141).
  17. Timepiece according to claim 16, characterized in that the fixed part of the timepiece is the main plate.
  18. Timepiece according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the balance (1, 101) and the inner end (50, 150) of the balance spring (2, 24, 124) are fixed to an arbour (43, 143) pivoting between a bridge (44,144) and the geometric centre of the first toothing (6, 72, 106).
  19. Timepiece according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the moving escape wheel (19, 45) is formed of a frame (45) containing the resonator (20), the balance (1) and the inner end (50) of the balance spring (2) being secured to an arbour (46) pivoting between the walls (47, 48) of the frame (45), the frame pivoting between a bridge (49) and the geometric centre of the first fixed wheel (5).
  20. Timepiece according to any of claims 2 to 4, 6 to 11 and 13 to 19, characterized in that the at least one impulse pin (14; 77, 79; 114) is magnetised and the toothings (6, 8, 72, 73) or teeth (106, 108) are made of paramagnetic material having a magnetic permeability greater than 1.5 in order to allow magnetic bonding between the toothings or teeth and the at least one impulse pin.
  21. Timepiece according to any of claims 2 to 4, 6 to 11 and 13 to 19, characterized in that the at least one impulse pin (14; 77, 79; 114) is made of paramagnetic material having a magnetic permeability greater than 1.5 and the toothings (6, 8, 72, 73) or teeth (106, 108) are magnetised in order to allow magnetic bonding between the toothings or teeth and the at least one impulse pin.
EP14157942.5A 2013-04-12 2014-03-05 Escapement system for a balance-hairspring resonator Active EP2790068B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14157942.5A EP2790068B1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-05 Escapement system for a balance-hairspring resonator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13163484.2A EP2790067A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2013-04-12 Escapement system for a balance-hairspring resonator
EP14157942.5A EP2790068B1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-05 Escapement system for a balance-hairspring resonator

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2790068A2 EP2790068A2 (en) 2014-10-15
EP2790068A3 EP2790068A3 (en) 2015-09-16
EP2790068B1 true EP2790068B1 (en) 2016-11-02

Family

ID=48087449

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13163484.2A Withdrawn EP2790067A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2013-04-12 Escapement system for a balance-hairspring resonator
EP14157942.5A Active EP2790068B1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-05 Escapement system for a balance-hairspring resonator

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13163484.2A Withdrawn EP2790067A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2013-04-12 Escapement system for a balance-hairspring resonator

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8926167B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2790067A1 (en)
JP (1) JP5830562B2 (en)
CN (1) CN104102119B (en)
HK (1) HK1203093A1 (en)

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CN104220941B (en) * 2012-03-29 2017-03-22 尼瓦洛克斯-法尔股份有限公司 Flexible escapement mechanism having a plate-free balance
EP3032351A1 (en) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-15 LVMH Swiss Manufactures SA Timepiece mechanism, timepiece movement and timepiece having such a mechanism
EP3128379B1 (en) * 2015-08-04 2019-10-02 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Escapement with escape wheel with field rramps and a non-return device
CH711402A2 (en) * 2015-08-04 2017-02-15 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Magnetically synchronized rotary arm clock regulator mechanism.
EP3147725B1 (en) 2015-09-28 2018-04-04 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Oscillator with rotary detent
ES2698115T3 (en) * 2015-12-16 2019-01-31 Sa De La Manufacture Dhorlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Mechanism of regulation of an average speed in a movement of watchmaking and movement of watchmaking
ITUA20162454A1 (en) * 2016-03-22 2017-09-22 Giovanni Domenico Maria Cefis ESCAPEMENT FOR CLOCKS MECHANISMS
EP3273309B1 (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-11-07 Montres Breguet S.A. Timepiece with hybrid oscillator
JP7000585B2 (en) * 2017-10-02 2022-01-19 マニュファクチュール・ドルロジュリ・オーデマ・ピゲ・ソシエテ・アノニム A clock setting device equipped with a harmonic oscillator that has a common reaction force with the rotary weight.
JP1624218S (en) * 2017-12-21 2019-02-12
EP3579058B1 (en) * 2018-06-07 2021-09-15 Montres Breguet S.A. Timepiece comprising a tourbillon

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FR690365A (en) * 1930-02-21 1930-09-19 Escapement of clocks and watches
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US1895666A (en) * 1931-05-22 1933-01-31 Junghans Helmut Anchor escapement for clocks and the like
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EP2141555B1 (en) * 2008-07-04 2011-04-06 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Coupled resonators for timepiece
CH702156B1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2017-08-31 Nivarox Far Sa Spiral balance resonator for a timepiece.
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104102119A (en) 2014-10-15
US20140307530A1 (en) 2014-10-16
JP5830562B2 (en) 2015-12-09
EP2790068A3 (en) 2015-09-16
HK1203093A1 (en) 2015-10-16
EP2790068A2 (en) 2014-10-15
US8926167B2 (en) 2015-01-06
JP2014206534A (en) 2014-10-30
CN104102119B (en) 2017-04-12
EP2790067A1 (en) 2014-10-15

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