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EP3147725B1 - Oscillator with rotary detent - Google Patents

Oscillator with rotary detent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3147725B1
EP3147725B1 EP15187214.0A EP15187214A EP3147725B1 EP 3147725 B1 EP3147725 B1 EP 3147725B1 EP 15187214 A EP15187214 A EP 15187214A EP 3147725 B1 EP3147725 B1 EP 3147725B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonator
oscillator
flexible
stop
detent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15187214.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3147725A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Cusin
Romain Le Moal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nivarox Far SA
Nivarox SA
Original Assignee
Nivarox Far SA
Nivarox SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nivarox Far SA, Nivarox SA filed Critical Nivarox Far SA
Priority to EP15187214.0A priority Critical patent/EP3147725B1/en
Priority to US15/228,684 priority patent/US9921547B2/en
Priority to TW105125184A priority patent/TWI713564B/en
Priority to JP2016181376A priority patent/JP6243496B2/en
Priority to KR1020160120021A priority patent/KR101944586B1/en
Priority to CN201610855878.2A priority patent/CN106557009B/en
Publication of EP3147725A1 publication Critical patent/EP3147725A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3147725B1 publication Critical patent/EP3147725B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/02—Oscillators acting by gravity, e.g. pendulum swinging in a plane
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/045—Oscillators acting by spring tension with oscillating blade springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vortex type oscillator comprising a resonator of the inertia - elasticity type cooperating with a revolving escapement.
  • the detent escapement systems are known for bringing high accuracy to marine chronometers in the 18th century by offering a direct pulse and low sensitivity to friction. However, they have proved particularly difficult to adjust and sensitive to shocks.
  • Some marine chronometers have been mounted under vacuum, in sand or on cardan suspensions to avoid any transmission of shocks inducing gallop, that is to say the accidental passage of two teeth of the escape wheel instead of one, proper to disrupt the running of the timepiece.
  • shocks inducing gallop that is to say the accidental passage of two teeth of the escape wheel instead of one, proper to disrupt the running of the timepiece.
  • the aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing an oscillator comprising an inertia-elasticity resonator cooperating with an expansion escapement of a new type which is free from gallop and whose operation induces advantages usually belonging to the swirl type oscillators much more complex.
  • the invention relates to an oscillator comprising a pivoting shaft connected to a source of mechanical energy, a one-piece resonator of the inertia-elasticity type comprising a member forming said inertia provided with a release element and a flexible guide forming said elasticity which is mounted between the pivoting shaft and the member forming said inertia, a detent escapement comprising a one-piece detent integral with the pivoting shaft which comprises at least one flexible blade and a stop lever arranged to elastically lock the shaft pivoting relative to a concentric exhaust toothing, the release element being arranged to unlock elastically, by the movement of the member forming said inertia, the stop lift relative to the concentric escape toothing so that the pivoting shaft counts each oscillation of the resonator while transmitting the energy able to maintain it.
  • the oscillator has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced to each other.
  • the resonator has a very low thickness and inherently induces the elimination of gallop.
  • the oscillator according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a contact force as with a usual expansion escapement.
  • the pivoting shaft cancels by turning the oscillations of the oscillator in the vertical positions.
  • the invention relates to an oscillator for a timepiece, that is to say a resonator coupled with a distribution system and maintenance such as, for example, an exhaust system.
  • the oscillator 1 comprises a pivoting shaft 3 connected to a source of mechanical energy 2, for example, using a finishing train 5.
  • a power source 2 may comprise energy storage means by elastic deformation and / or by pneumatic storage.
  • the accumulation means may take the form of a metal blade mounted in a pivoting drum to form a barrel.
  • other types of mechanical energy sources can be envisaged.
  • the oscillator 1 comprises a resonator 7 monoblock type of inertia - elasticity.
  • This resonator 7 preferably comprises a member 9 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 11 forming said elasticity.
  • the flexible guide 11 is preferably monobloc with the member 9 and is mounted between the pivoting shaft 3 and the member 9.
  • the member 9 forming the inertia is also provided with a member 13 release.
  • the amplitude of the resonator 7 is limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 11 as will be better explained in the embodiments below. This limitation of the deflections nevertheless makes it impossible to run the resonator 7, which, by construction, solves the main problem that usually penalizes the exhaust systems.
  • the oscillator 1 further comprises an escapement 15 with a detent comprising a detent 17 integrally also integral with the pivoting shaft 3.
  • the trigger 17 comprises at least one flexible blade 16 and a lifting stop 18 arranged to resiliently lock the shaft 3 pivoting relative to a toothing 19 exhaust concentric with respect to the pivoting shaft 3.
  • the release element 13 is arranged to unlock elastically, by the movement of the inertia member 9, the lift 18 stop relative to the toothing 19 fixed concentric exhaust so that the pivoting shaft 3 counts each oscillation of the resonator 7 while transmitting the energy able to maintain it.
  • the oscillator 1 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced to each other.
  • the resonator 7 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop.
  • the oscillator 1 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 7 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a force by contact as with a usual expansion escapement.
  • the pivoting shaft 3 cancels by turning the oscillations of the oscillator 1 in the vertical positions.
  • the oscillator 101 comprises a pivoting shaft 103 connected to a source of mechanical energy (not shown) and a monoblock resonator 107 of the inertia-elasticity type.
  • This resonator 107 comprises a member 109 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 111 forming said elasticity.
  • the flexible guide 111 is integral with the member 109 and is mounted between the pivoting shaft 103 and the member 109.
  • the flexible guide 111 comprises at least one anchoring means 121 integral with the pivoting shaft 103 and flexible means 123 arranged to form a virtual pivot axis of the resonator 107 coincides with the center of rotation of the pivoting shaft 103.
  • the flexible means 123 comprise at least one base 120 connecting, by at least one flexible blade 122, 124, respectively the inertia member 109 and the at least one anchoring means 121.
  • the element 109 of inertia is preferably formed by two sectors 125 connected to each other by a ring 127 to obtain a member 109 of inertia monobloc.
  • each of the sectors 125 is integral with flexible means 123. More precisely, each sector 125 forming said inertia is connected by two flexible blades 122 to the partially annular base 120, which is integral with two other flexible blades 124 with two anchoring means 121 respectively using a beam 126 substantially T-shaped. It is noted that each beam 126 is thus integral with an anchoring means 121 and two sectors 125 forming said inertia.
  • the amplitude of the resonator 107 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 111 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 126, the bases 120 and the blades 122, 124.
  • This limitation of the deflections makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. This solves, by construction, the main problem that usually penalizes the exhaust systems.
  • the inertia member 109 is also provided with a release member 113. More specifically, the inner surface of one of the sectors 125 comprises the element 113 of clearance.
  • the clearance element 113 comprises a flexible body 131 whose free end is provided with a clearance lift 132 whose displacement, controlled by the inertia member 109, is arranged to enter. in contact with the expansion 117 monoblock at each alternation of the resonator 107.
  • the first embodiment comprises a release element 113 allowing, in one direction of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the clearance member 113 contacts the trigger 117 but does not move the trigger 117.
  • the clearance member 113 further comprises a release stop 133 arranged to force the flexible body 131. to move the one-piece trigger 117 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 107.
  • the oscillator 101 further comprises an escapement 115 with a detent comprising a detent 117 integrally integral with the pivoting shaft 103.
  • the trigger 117 comprises at least one flexible blade 116, 116 'and a stop lift 118 arranged to resiliently lock the shaft 103 pivoting relative to an exhaust gear 119 concentric with respect to the pivoting shaft 103.
  • the toothing 119 is fixed relative to the pivoting shaft 103.
  • the pivoting shaft 103 under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will make a rotation, at each oscillation of the resonator 107, which will correspond to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 119, c that is to say, each time the lift 118 stop trigger 117 allow its movement from one tooth to another.
  • the one-piece trigger 117 comprises two crosspieces 135, 136 parallel and two parallel blades 116, 116 '.
  • a first cross member 135 is connected at a first end to the pivoting shaft 103 and at a second end perpendicularly to a first flexible blade 116.
  • the second cross member 136 is connected at a first end to the stop 118 and, at a second end perpendicularly, to a second flexible blade 116 '.
  • the first 116 and second 116 'flexible blades are respectively connected to the second 136 and first 135 sleepers.
  • the cross members 135, 136 visible in the rest position at Figures 3 and 4 , are able, with the aid of the elastic deflection of the flexible blades 116, 116 ', to move relatively relative to one another. More specifically, the element 113 of clearance is arranged to force the flexible blades 116, 116 'to bend in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the body 109 of inertia, the lifting 118 stop relative to the concentric exhaust gear 119 so that the pivoting shaft 103 counts each oscillation of the resonator 107 while transmitting the energy capable of maintaining it.
  • the one-piece detent 117 has a thrust stop 137 integral with the second crossmember 136 which is arranged to come into contact with the release element 113 at each alternation of the resonator 107.
  • the stop 137 of relaxation forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the lifting 132 of clearance, forces, by the action of the stop 133 of clearance, the cross 136 to deviate from the teeth 119 exhaust to release the shaft 103 pivoting.
  • the pivoting shaft 103 under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will perform a rotation corresponding to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 119 and, at the same time, restart the resonator 107 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 126 via the anchoring means 121.
  • the thrust stop 137 forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 132, forces, by the absence of action of the stop 133 of clearance in the opposite direction, the clearance 132 of disengagement to move away elastically and, once the abutment stop 137 escaped, to return elastically along the stop 133 of disengagement.
  • the oscillator 101 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, one-piece which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others.
  • the monoblock resonator 107 and the one-piece expansion 117 could be formed in two single solid-state plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 103. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.
  • the resonator 107 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop.
  • the oscillator 101 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 107 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a force by contact as with a usual expansion escapement.
  • the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the swirl type oscillators much more complex.
  • the whirlpool is a device imagined by Mr A.-L. Breguet in the early 19th century to cancel the rate errors in vertical positions. It comprises a movable cage which carries all the organs of the exhaust and, in its center the regulating organ.
  • the escape gear rotates around the seconds wheel which is fixed.
  • the cage which makes 1 turn per minute cancels by turning the deviations in the vertical positions.
  • the pivoting shaft 103 of the first embodiment cancels out the oscillations of the oscillator 101 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 107 at the same time. time as relaxation 117.
  • the pivoting shaft 103 further comprises a pinion gear 141 arranged to mesh with a finishing train in order to be connected to the source of mechanical energy and to display the time.
  • the pinion 141 is mounted loosely on the pivoting shaft 103 via an elastic energy accumulator 143 in order to provide sufficient energy for the maintenance of the resonator 107 for the duration clearance.
  • the elastic energy accumulator 143 is a spiral spring.
  • the elastic energy accumulator 143 can not be limited to a spring in the form of a spiral.
  • pivoting shaft assembly 103 elastic energy accumulator 143 and pinion 141 could alternatively be one of the embodiments of energy transmission mobiles described in the document.
  • EP 2 455 821 incorporated by reference in the present description.
  • pivoting shaft assembly 103 elastic energy accumulator 143 and pinion 141 is not essential and could also be replaced by a pivoting shaft 103 provided with a peripheral toothing. geared to the finishing gear. Whatever the choice of transmission of energy, it is Immediately that the force of the finishing train and, optionally that of the elastic energy accumulator 143, must be dimensioned so as not to cause the actuation of the trigger 117 other than by the element 113 release.
  • FIG. 5 A second embodiment of an oscillator 201 according to the invention is presented to Figures 5 and 6 .
  • the oscillator 201 comprises a pivoting shaft 203 and a monoblock resonator 207 of the inertia-elasticity type similar to those 103, 107 of the first embodiment.
  • This resonator 207 thus comprises a member 209 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 211 forming said elasticity with the same advantages as those 109 and 111 of the first embodiment.
  • the amplitude of the resonator 207 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 211 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 226, the bases 220 and the plates 222, 224. This limitation of the deflections nevertheless makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. This solves, by construction, the main problem that usually penalizes the exhaust systems.
  • the inertia member 209 is also provided with a release element 213 similar to that 113 of the first embodiment.
  • the second embodiment comprises a release element 213 allowing, in one direction of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the release member 213 comes into contact with the trigger 217 but does not move the trigger 217.
  • the clearance element 213 comprises a flexible body 231 and a stop 233 of clearance arranged to force to move the one-piece expansion 217 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 207.
  • the oscillator 201 further comprises an escapement 215 with a detent comprising a trigger 217 monobloc integral with the pivoting shaft 203.
  • the trigger 217 comprises a single flexible blade 216 and a lifting 218 stop arranged to resiliently lock the shaft 203 pivoting relative to a toothing 219 exhaust concentric with respect to the pivoting shaft 203.
  • the clearance element 213 of the second embodiment is arranged to force the flexible blade 216 to bend in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the inertia member 209, the lift 218. stopping relative to the concentric exhaust toothing 219 so that the pivoting shaft 203 counts each oscillation of the resonator 207 while transmitting the energy capable of maintaining it.
  • the one-piece detent 217 comprises a stop 237 of expansion integral with the flexible blade 216 which is arranged to come into contact with the release element 213 at each alternation of the resonator 207.
  • the stop 237 of relaxation forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the lifting 232 release, forces, by the action of the stop 233 release, the blade 216 flexible to deviate from the toothing 219 d exhaust to release the swivel shaft 203.
  • the pivoting shaft 203 under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will perform a rotation corresponding to the angle between two teeth of the exhaust toothing 219 and, at the same time, restart the resonator 207 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 226 via the anchoring means 221.
  • the stop 237 for expansion forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 232, forces, by the absence of action of the abutment stop 233 in the opposite direction, the release lift 232 to move away elastically and, once the abutment stop 237 escaped, to return elastically along the abutment 233 release.
  • the oscillator 201 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others.
  • the one-piece resonator 207 and the one-piece expansion 217 could be formed in two single integral plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 203. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.
  • the resonator 207 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop.
  • the oscillator 201 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 207 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a force by contact as with a usual expansion escapement.
  • the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the more complex vortex oscillators as already explained in the first embodiment. Therefore, in the manner of a vortex but without its developmental complexity, the pivoting shaft 203 of the second embodiment cancels the oscillations of the oscillator 201 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 207 at the same time. time as relaxation 217.
  • the pivoting shaft 203 may comprise, directly or via an elastic energy accumulator, a pinion arranged to mesh with a finishing gear train in order to be connected. to the source of mechanical energy and to display the time.
  • the strength of the finishing gear train and, possibly, that of the energy accumulator elastic must be dimensioned not to cause the actuation of the trigger 217 other than by the element 213 release.
  • FIG. 7 A third embodiment of an oscillator 301 according to the invention is presented to Figures 7 and 8 .
  • the oscillator 301 comprises a pivoting shaft 303 and an inertia-elastic monoblock resonator 307 similar to those 103, 203, 107, 207 of the first and second embodiments.
  • This resonator 307 thus comprises a member 309 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 311 forming said elasticity with the same advantages as those 109, 209 and 111, 211 of the first and second embodiments.
  • the amplitude of the resonator 307 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 311 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 326, the bases 320 and the blades 322, 324. This limitation of the deflections makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. 307 which solves, by construction, the main problem that usually penalizes the exhaust exhaust systems.
  • the inertia member 309 is also provided with a clearance element 313 similar to that 113, 213 of the first and second embodiments.
  • the third embodiment comprises a release element 313 allowing, in one of the directions of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the clearance member 313 comes into contact with the trigger 317 but does not move the trigger 317.
  • the clearance member 313 comprises a flexible body 331 and a stop 333 clearance arranged to force to move the one-piece expansion 317 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 307.
  • the oscillator 301 further comprises an exhaust 315 expansion comprising a detent 317 integrally integral with the shaft 303 pivoting.
  • the trigger 317 comprises at less a flexible blade 316, 316 'and a lifting 318 stop arranged to resiliently lock the shaft 303 pivoting relative to an exhaust gear 319 concentric with respect to the shaft 303 pivoting.
  • the clearance element 313 of the third embodiment is arranged to force said at least one flexible blade 316, 316 'to bend in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the body 309 of inertia, the lifting 318 stop with respect to the concentric exhaust gear 319 so that the pivoting shaft 303 counts each oscillation of the resonator 307 while transmitting the energy able to maintain it.
  • the expansion 317 monobloc comprises two crosspieces 335, 336 parallel and two blades 316, 316 'parallel.
  • a first cross member 335 is connected at a first end to the pivoting shaft 303 and, at the same end perpendicularly, to a first flexible blade 316.
  • the second cross member 336 is connected, at a first end, to the lift 318 stop (better visible in the figure 7 ) and at a second end perpendicularly to a second flexible blade 316 '.
  • the first 316 and second 316 'flexible blades are respectively connected to the second 336 and first 335 sleepers.
  • the second cross member 336 preferably comprises three rectilinear sections.
  • the first section 336a connects the two flexible blades 316, 316 'and is attached, substantially perpendicularly in the trigonometrical direction, to the second section 336b which runs along the first flexible blade 316 which is itself attached, substantially perpendicularly in the retrograde direction, to the third section 336c which carries the lift 318 stop. It is therefore clear that the sections 336a and 336c are substantially parallel.
  • the cross members 335, 336 visible in the rest position at Figures 7 and 8 are capable, with the aid of the elastic deflection of the flexible blades 316, 316 ', to move relative to one another. More specifically, the clearance element 313 is arranged to force the flexible blades 316, 316 'to bend in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the inertia member 309, the lift 318 with respect to the concentric exhaust gear 319 so that the pivoting shaft 303 counts each oscillation of the resonator 307 while transmitting to it the energy capable of maintaining it.
  • the detent 317 monobloc comprises a stop 337 of expansion secured to the second cross member 336, at the first section 336a, which is arranged to come into contact with the element 313 release at each alternation of the resonator 307.
  • the stop 337 of relaxation forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 332, forces, by the action of the stop 333 clearance, the cross member 336, and in particular its third section 336c, s move away from the exhaust teeth 319 to release the pivoting shaft 303.
  • the pivoting shaft 303 under the constraint of the source of mechanical energy, will perform a rotation corresponding to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 319 and, at the same time, restart the resonator 307 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 326 via the anchoring means 321.
  • the stop 337 for expansion forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the disengagement lift 332, forces, by the absence of action of the stop 333 clearance in the opposite direction, the lift 332 release to elastically deviate and, once the abutment 337 trigger escaped, to return elastically along the stop 333 release.
  • the oscillator 301 has very few parts to assemble because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others.
  • the monobloc resonator 307 and the detent One-piece 317 could be formed in two single integral plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 303. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.
  • the resonator 307 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop.
  • the oscillator 301 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 307 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a contact force as with a usual expansion escapement.
  • the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the more complex vortex oscillators as already explained in the first embodiment. Consequently, in the manner of a vortex but without its developmental complexity, the pivoting shaft 303 of the third embodiment cancels the oscillations of the oscillator 301 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 307 at the same time. time as relaxation 317.
  • the pivoting shaft 303 may comprise, directly or via an elastic energy accumulator, a pinion arranged to mesh with a finishing gear train in order to be connected to the mechanical power source and display the time.
  • the strength of the finishing gear train, and possibly that of the elastic energy accumulator must be dimensioned so as not to trigger the actuation of the trigger 317 other than by the element 313 release.
  • FIG. 9 A fourth embodiment of an oscillator 401 according to the invention is presented to Figures 9 and 10 .
  • the oscillator 401 comprises a pivoting shaft 403 and a resonator 407 monoblock of the inertia-elasticity type similar to those 103, 203, 303, 107, 207, 307 of the three first embodiments.
  • This resonator 407 thus comprises a member 409 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 411 forming said elasticity with the same advantages as those 109, 209, 309 and 111, 211, 311 of the first three embodiments.
  • the amplitude of the resonator 407 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 411 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 426, the bases 420 and the blades 422, 424. This limitation of the deflections nevertheless makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. 407 which solves, by construction, the main problem that usually penalizes exhaust exhaust systems.
  • the inertia member 409 is also provided with a clearance element 413 similar to that 113, 213, 313 of the first three embodiments.
  • the fourth embodiment comprises a release member 413 allowing, in one of the directions of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the clearance member 413 comes into contact with the trigger 417 but does not move the trigger 417.
  • the clearance member 413 comprises a flexible body 431 and a stop 433 of clearance arranged to force to move the one-piece expansion valve 417 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 407.
  • the oscillator 401 further comprises an escapement 415 trigger comprising a detent 417 integrally integral with the shaft 403 pivoting.
  • the detent 417 comprises at least one flexible blade 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d and a lifting lever 418 arranged to resiliently lock the pivoting shaft 403 with respect to an exhaust gear 419 concentric with respect to the pivoting shaft 403. .
  • the clearance element 413 of the fourth embodiment is arranged to force said at least one flexible blade 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d to bend in order to to unlock elastically, by the movement of the inertia member 409, the lifting 418 stop relative to the concentric exhaust teeth 419 so that the pivoting shaft 403 counts each oscillation of the resonator 407 while transmitting it energy able to maintain it.
  • the detent 417 monobloc comprises first and second flexible non-parallel blades 416a, 416b each connecting the shaft 403 pivoting to a fastener 435 substantially cylindrical.
  • the fastener 435 is further connected to a third flexible blade 416d whose free end includes the lifting 418 stop.
  • the fastener 435 also comprises a fourth flexible blade 416c having a stop 437 for detent which is arranged to come into contact with the element 413 of release at each alternation of the resonator 407.
  • the third and fourth blades 416d, 416c are substantially perpendicular.
  • the blades 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d flexible visible in the rest position to Figures 9 and 10 , are able, with the aid of their elastic deflection to move relatively relative to each other. More specifically, the element 413 clearance is arranged to force the blades 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d flexible to bend in order to unlock elastically, by the movement of the member 409 of inertia, the lift 418 stop by relative to the concentric exhaust toothing 419 so that the pivoting shaft 403 counts each oscillation of the resonator 407 while transmitting to it the energy capable of maintaining it.
  • the blades 416c and 416d are less flexible than the blades 416a and 416b to obtain the rotational movement around the fastener 435 in order to release the lift 418 of the toothing 419 exhaust.
  • the detent 417 monobloc comprises a stop 437 of expansion integral with the fourth flexible blade 416c which is arranged to come into contact with the element 413 of release at each alternation of the resonator 407.
  • the The stop 437 forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 432, forces the third flexible blade 436d to move away from the teeth 419 by the action of the stop 433. exhaust to release the shaft 403 pivoting.
  • the pivoting shaft 403 under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will perform a rotation corresponding to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 419 and, at the same time, restart the resonator 407 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 426 via the means 421 anchoring.
  • the stop 437 for expansion forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 432, forces, by the absence of any action of the abutment stop 433 in the opposite direction, the lifting 432 release to elastically deviate and, once the abutment stop 437 escaped, to return elastically along the stop 433 release.
  • the oscillator 401 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others.
  • the one-piece resonator 407 and the one-piece detent 417 could be formed in two single integral plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 403. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.
  • the resonator 407 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop.
  • the oscillator 401 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 407 to have a pulse by a couple direct rather than a force by contact as with a usual detent escapement.
  • the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the more complex vortex oscillators as already explained in the first embodiment. Consequently, in the manner of a vortex but without its developmental complexity, the pivoting shaft 403 of the fourth embodiment cancels the oscillations of the oscillator 401 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 407 at the same time. time as relaxation 417.
  • the pivoting shaft 403 may comprise, directly or via an elastic energy accumulator, a pinion arranged to mesh with a finishing gear to be connected to the mechanical power source and display the time.
  • FIG. 11 A fifth embodiment of an oscillator 501 according to the invention is presented to Figures 11 to 13 .
  • the oscillator 501 comprises a pivoting shaft 503 and an inertia-elastic type resonator 507 similar to those 103, 203, 303, 403, 107, 207, 307, 407 of the first four embodiments.
  • This resonator 507 thus comprises a member 509 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 511 forming said elasticity with the same advantages as those 109, 209, 309, 409 and 111, 211, 311, 411 of the first four embodiments.
  • the amplitude of the resonator 507 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 511 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 526, the bases 520 and the blades 522, 524. This limitation of the deflections nevertheless makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. 507 which solves, by construction, the problem that usually penalizes exhaust systems.
  • the member 509 of inertia is also provided with a clearance element 513 similar to that 113, 213, 313, 413 of the first four embodiments.
  • the fifth embodiment comprises a release element 513 allowing, in one direction of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the 513 clearance member contacts the trigger 517 but does not move the trigger 517.
  • the clearance member 513 comprises a flexible body 531 and a stop 533 clearance arranged to force to move the one-piece trigger 517 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 507.
  • the oscillator 501 further comprises an escapement 515 with a detent comprising a detent 517 integrally integral with the pivoting shaft 503.
  • the trigger 517 comprises at least one flexible blade 516, 516 'and a lifting 518 stop arranged to elastically lock the shaft 503 pivoting relative to a set of teeth 519 exhaust concentric with respect to the shaft 503 pivoting.
  • the toothing 519 is fixed relative to the pivoting shaft 503.
  • the pivoting shaft 503 under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will make a rotation, at each oscillation of the resonator 507, which will correspond to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 519, c that is to say, each time the lifting 518 stop trigger 517 will allow its movement from one tooth to another.
  • the one-piece trigger 517 comprises two parallel crosspieces 535, 536 and two parallel blades 516, 516 '.
  • a first cross member 535 is connected at a first end to the pivoting shaft 503 and, at a second end perpendicularly, to a first flexible blade 516.
  • the second cross 536 is connected to a first end, the lifting 518 stop and, at a second end perpendicularly, a second blade 516 'flexible.
  • the first 516 and second 516 'flexible blades are respectively connected to the second 536 and first 535 sleepers.
  • the second cross 536 preferably comprises three sections.
  • the first rectilinear section 536a connects the two flexible blades 516, 516 ', carries the lifting 318 stop at one end and, at the opposite end, is attached, substantially perpendicularly in the retrograde direction, to the second curved section 536b shaped of a quarter circle which runs along the pivoting shaft 503 which is itself attached, substantially perpendicularly in the trigonometrical direction, to the third rectilinear section 336c which carries a stop stop 537. It is therefore understood that the sections 536a and 536c are substantially perpendicular.
  • the sleepers 535, 536 visible in the rest position at Figures 11 to 13 are able, by means of the elastic deflection of the flexible blades 516, 516 ', to move relative to one another. More specifically, the clearance element 513 is arranged to force the flexible blades 516, 516 'to flex in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the inertia member 509, the lifting lever 518 with respect to the 519 exhaust gear concentric so that the pivoting shaft 503 counts each oscillation of the resonator 507 while transmitting energy capable of maintaining it.
  • the one-piece detent 517 comprises the abutment stop 537 integral with the second crossmember 536 which is arranged to come into contact with the release element 513 at each alternation of the resonator 507.
  • the detent stop 537 forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the disengagement lift 532, forces the first rectilinear section 536a to move away from the tooth 519 by the action of the disengagement stop 533. exhaust to release the shaft 503 pivoting.
  • the pivoting shaft 503 under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will perform a rotation which corresponds to the angle between two teeth of the teeth 519 exhaust and, at the same time, restart the resonator 507 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 526 via the anchoring means 521.
  • the stop 537 for expansion forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the disengagement lift 532, forces, by the absence of action of the stop 533 clearance in the opposite direction, the lift 532 release to elastically deviate and, once the abutment stopper 537 escaped, to return elastically along the stop 533 release.
  • the oscillator 501 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others.
  • the one-piece resonator 507 and the one-piece detent 517 could be formed in two single integral plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 503. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.
  • the resonator 507 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop.
  • the oscillator 501 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 507 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a force by contact as with a usual expansion escapement.
  • the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the more complex vortex oscillators as already explained in the first embodiment. Consequently, in the manner of a vortex but without its developmental complexity, the pivoting shaft 503 of the fifth embodiment cancels out the oscillations of the oscillator 501 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 507 at the same time. time as relaxation 517.
  • the pivoting shaft 503 may comprise, directly or via an elastic energy accumulator, a pinion arranged to mesh with a finishing gear train to be connected to the mechanical power source and display the time.
  • the strength of the finishing gear train, and possibly that of the elastic energy accumulator must be dimensioned so as not to trigger the actuation of the trigger 517 other than by the element 513 release.
  • the pivoting shaft 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503 counts each oscillation of the resonator 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507.
  • the gear ratios of the gear train it is possible to display directly or indirectly from one of the mobile of the work train, hourly information such as, for example, seconds, minutes, hours or a value calendar.
  • a manual release means acting on the lift 18, 118, 218, 318, 418, 518 stop may be necessary for the user to to start the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501. Indeed, according to the configuration of the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, it is excluded that a movement induced by the user allowing the displacement of the member 9, 109, 209, 309, 409, 509 of inertia is not sufficient for the element 113, 213, 313, 413, 513 release actuates the trigger 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517.
  • such a manual unlocking means could take the form of a crown or a pusher on the middle part of the timepiece and control a lug arranged to pass a tooth of the teeth 19, 119, 219, 319, 419, 519 stop exhaust 18, 118, 218, 318, 418, 518 to provide the resonator 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507 the energy required to start the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501.
  • the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art.
  • the resonator 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507 and / or the detent 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517 can be modified especially as to their geometry ( inertia, relaxation) or their flexible guides.
  • the embodiments described above are capable of being combined with each other without departing from the scope of the invention. It is also possible, alternatively with the use of the ring 127, to connect the stops 133, 233, 333, 433, 533 of clearance of the element 113, 213, 313, 413, 513 of release in order to couple the two sectors 125 of the member 109, 209, 309, 409, 509 of inertia such as, for example, bypassing laterally and / or vertically the shaft 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503 pivoting or crossing through an opening of the shaft 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503. It could also be envisaged to connect the two sectors 125 by means other than the ring 127.
  • anti-release means could be added such as a safety arm or counter-inertial means arranged to lock the trigger 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517 when the clearance is not desired. That is, when the trigger 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517 would be displaced other than by the lift 132, 232, 332, 432, 532, as, for example, following a shock undergone by the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501.
  • damping means can cooperate with the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, as in particular with the shaft 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503, in order to make it less sensitive to shocks.

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Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à un oscillateur du type tourbillon comportant un résonateur du type inertie - élasticité coopérant avec un échappement à détente tournante.The invention relates to a vortex type oscillator comprising a resonator of the inertia - elasticity type cooperating with a revolving escapement.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

Les systèmes d'échappement à détente sont connus pour avoir apporté une grande précision aux chronomètres de marine au 18e siècle en offrant une impulsion directe et une faible sensibilité aux frottements. Toutefois, ils se sont révélés particulièrement difficiles à régler et sensibles aux chocs. Certains chronomètres de marine ont ainsi été montés sous vide, dans du sable ou encore sur des suspensions à cardan pour éviter toute transmission de chocs induisant du galop, c'est-à-dire le passage accidentel de deux dents de la roue d'échappement au lieu d'une, propre à dérégler la marche de la pièce d'horlogerie. Ainsi, entre la sensibilité aux chocs et l'encombrement de tels montages, il est actuellement inenvisageable de mettre en oeuvre un système fiable d'échappement à détente dans une montre-bracelet.The detent escapement systems are known for bringing high accuracy to marine chronometers in the 18th century by offering a direct pulse and low sensitivity to friction. However, they have proved particularly difficult to adjust and sensitive to shocks. Some marine chronometers have been mounted under vacuum, in sand or on cardan suspensions to avoid any transmission of shocks inducing gallop, that is to say the accidental passage of two teeth of the escape wheel instead of one, proper to disrupt the running of the timepiece. Thus, between the sensitivity to shocks and the size of such fixtures, it is currently unthinkable to implement a reliable exhaust system detent in a wristwatch.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie les inconvénients cités précédemment en proposant un oscillateur comportant un résonateur du type inertie - élasticité coopérant avec un échappement à détente d'un nouveau type qui soit exempt de galop et dont le fonctionnement induit des avantages appartenant habituellement aux oscillateurs du type tourbillon beaucoup plus complexe.The aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing an oscillator comprising an inertia-elasticity resonator cooperating with an expansion escapement of a new type which is free from gallop and whose operation induces advantages usually belonging to the swirl type oscillators much more complex.

A cet effet, l'invention se rapporte à un oscillateur comportant un arbre pivotant relié à une source d'énergie mécanique, un résonateur monobloc du type inertie - élasticité comprenant un organe formant ladite inertie muni d'un élément de dégagement et un guidage flexible formant ladite élasticité qui est monté entre l'arbre pivotant et l'organe formant ladite inertie, un échappement à détente comprenant une détente monobloc solidaire de l'arbre pivotant qui comporte au moins une lame flexible et une levée d'arrêt agencée pour bloquer élastiquement l'arbre pivotant par rapport à une denture d'échappement concentrique, l'élément de dégagement étant agencé pour débloquer élastiquement, par le mouvement de l'organe formant ladite inertie, la levée d'arrêt par rapport à la denture d'échappement concentrique afin que l'arbre pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur tout en lui transmettant l'énergie apte à l'entretenir.For this purpose, the invention relates to an oscillator comprising a pivoting shaft connected to a source of mechanical energy, a one-piece resonator of the inertia-elasticity type comprising a member forming said inertia provided with a release element and a flexible guide forming said elasticity which is mounted between the pivoting shaft and the member forming said inertia, a detent escapement comprising a one-piece detent integral with the pivoting shaft which comprises at least one flexible blade and a stop lever arranged to elastically lock the shaft pivoting relative to a concentric exhaust toothing, the release element being arranged to unlock elastically, by the movement of the member forming said inertia, the stop lift relative to the concentric escape toothing so that the pivoting shaft counts each oscillation of the resonator while transmitting the energy able to maintain it.

Avantageusement selon l'invention, on comprend donc que l'oscillateur comporte très peu de pièces à monter car elles sont, pour la plupart, monoblocs ce qui permet aux pièces d'être plus facilement référencées les unes par rapport aux autres. De plus, grâce à l'utilisation de guidages flexibles, le résonateur comporte une épaisseur très faible et induit intrinsèquement l'élimination du galop. En outre, l'oscillateur selon l'invention permet avantageusement au résonateur d'avoir une impulsion par un couple direct plutôt qu'une force par contact comme avec un échappement à détente habituel. Enfin, l'arbre pivotant annule en tournant les écarts de marche de l'oscillateur dans les positions verticales.Advantageously according to the invention, it is therefore understood that the oscillator has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced to each other. In addition, thanks to the use of flexible guides, the resonator has a very low thickness and inherently induces the elimination of gallop. In addition, the oscillator according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a contact force as with a usual expansion escapement. Finally, the pivoting shaft cancels by turning the oscillations of the oscillator in the vertical positions.

Conformément à d'autres variantes avantageuses de l'invention :

  • le guidage flexible comporte au moins un moyen d'ancrage solidaire de l'arbre pivotant et des moyens flexibles agencés pour former un axe de pivotement virtuel du résonateur confondu avec le centre de rotation de l'arbre pivotant ;
  • les moyens flexibles comportent au moins une base reliant, par au moins une lame flexible, respectivement l'organe formant ladite inertie et ledit au moins un moyen d'ancrage ;
  • l'organe formant ladite inertie est formé par deux secteurs, la surface interne d'un des secteurs comportant l'élément de dégagement ;
  • l'élément de dégagement comporte un corps flexible dont l'extrémité libre est munie d'une levée de dégagement dont le déplacement, commandé par l'organe formant ladite inertie, est agencé pour entrer en contact avec la détente monobloc à chaque alternance du résonateur ;
  • l'élément de dégagement comporte en outre une butée de dégagement agencée pour forcer le corps flexible à déplacer la détente monobloc dans un seul sens des oscillations du résonateur ;
  • selon une première variante, la détente monobloc comporte une unique lame flexible, une butée de détente étant solidaire de ladite unique lame flexible et étant agencée pour entrer en contact avec l'élément de dégagement à chaque alternance du résonateur ;
  • selon une deuxième variante, la détente monobloc comporte deux traverses parallèles, une première traverse étant reliée, à une première extrémité, à l'arbre pivotant et, à une deuxième extrémité, perpendiculairement à une première lame flexible, une deuxième traverse étant reliée, à une première extrémité, à la levée d'arrêt et, à une deuxième extrémité, perpendiculairement à une deuxième lame flexible, les première et deuxième lames flexibles étant parallèles et respectivement reliées aux deuxième et première traverses ;
  • selon une troisième variante, la détente monobloc comporte deux traverses parallèles, une première traverse étant reliée, à une première extrémité, à l'arbre pivotant et, perpendiculairement, à une première lame flexible, une deuxième traverse étant reliée, à une première extrémité, à la levée d'arrêt et, à une deuxième extrémité, perpendiculairement à une deuxième lame flexible, les première et deuxième lames flexibles étant parallèles et respectivement reliées aux deuxième et première traverses ;
  • selon les deuxième et troisième variantes, la détente monobloc comporte une butée de détente solidaire de la deuxième traverse qui est agencée pour entrer en contact avec l'élément de dégagement à chaque alternance du résonateur ;
  • selon une quatrième variante, la détente monobloc comporte des première et deuxième lames flexibles non parallèles reliant chacune l'arbre pivotant à une attache, l'attache étant reliée en outre à une troisième lame flexible dont l'extrémité libre comprend la levée d'arrêt et à une quatrième lame flexible comportant une butée de détente qui est agencée pour entrer en contact avec l'élément de dégagement à chaque alternance du résonateur ;
  • l'arbre pivotant comporte un pignon agencé pour s'engrener avec un rouage de finissage afin d'être relié à la source d'énergie mécanique et d'afficher l'heure ;
  • le pignon est monté fou sur l'arbre pivotant par l'intermédiaire d'un accumulateur d'énergie élastique afin de fournir suffisamment d'énergie à l'entretien du résonateur pendant le temps d'impulsion ;
  • le résonateur monobloc et la détente monobloc sont formés dans deux plaques uniques solidarisées formant deux niveaux fonctionnels de l'axe pivotant.
According to other advantageous variants of the invention:
  • the flexible guide comprises at least one anchoring means integral with the pivoting shaft and flexible means arranged to form a virtual pivot axis of the resonator coincident with the center of rotation of the pivoting shaft;
  • the flexible means comprise at least one base connecting, by at least one flexible blade, respectively the member forming said inertia and said at least one anchoring means;
  • the member forming said inertia is formed by two sectors, the inner surface of one of the sectors comprising the release element;
  • the release element comprises a flexible body whose free end is provided with a release lift whose displacement, controlled by the member forming said inertia, is arranged to come into contact with the one-piece expansion at each alternation of the resonator ;
  • the release member further comprises a release stop arranged to force the flexible body to move the one-piece trigger in one direction oscillations of the resonator;
  • according to a first variant, the one-piece detent comprises a single flexible blade, a detent stop being integral with said single flexible blade and being arranged to come into contact with the disengagement element at each alternation of the resonator;
  • according to a second variant, the one-piece detent comprises two parallel crosspieces, a first cross-member being connected at a first end to the pivoting shaft and, at a second end, perpendicular to a first flexible blade, a second cross-member being connected to a first end, at the stop lift and, at a second end, perpendicular to a second flexible blade, the first and second flexible blades being parallel and respectively connected to the second and first crosspieces;
  • according to a third variant, the one-piece detent comprises two parallel crosspieces, a first cross-member being connected, at a first end, to the pivoting shaft and, perpendicularly, to a first flexible blade, a second cross-member being connected, at a first end, at the stop lift and, at a second end, perpendicular to a second flexible blade, the first and second flexible blades being parallel and respectively connected to the second and first crosspieces;
  • according to the second and third variants, the one-piece detent comprises a detent stop secured to the second cross member which is arranged to come into contact with the release element at each alternation of the resonator;
  • according to a fourth variant, the one-piece detent comprises first and second non-parallel flexible blades each connecting the pivoting shaft to a fastener, the fastener being further connected to a third flexible blade whose free end comprises the lifting stop and a fourth flexible blade having a detent stop which is arranged to contact the disengagement element at each alternation of the resonator;
  • the pivoting shaft comprises a pinion arranged to mesh with a finishing gear train in order to be connected to the mechanical power source and to display the time;
  • the pinion is idly mounted on the pivoting shaft via an elastic energy accumulator to provide sufficient energy for the maintenance of the resonator during the pulse time;
  • the one-piece resonator and the one-piece detent are formed in two single integral plates forming two functional levels of the pivoting axis.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres particularités et avantages ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique en coupe d'un oscillateur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une représentation en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 est une représentation retournée de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 4 est une représentation agrandie de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 est une représentation en perspective d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 est une représentation agrandie de la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 7 est une représentation en perspective d'un troisième mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 8 est une représentation agrandie de la figure 7 ;
  • la figure 9 est une représentation en perspective d'un quatrième mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 10 est une représentation agrandie de la figure 9 ;
  • la figure 11 est une représentation en perspective d'un cinquième mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 12 est une première représentation agrandie de la figure 11 ;
  • la figure 13 est une deuxième représentation agrandie de la figure 11.
Other particularities and advantages will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic representation in section of an oscillator according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a perspective representation of a first embodiment of an oscillator according to the invention;
  • the figure 3 is a returned representation of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 4 is an enlarged representation of the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 5 is a perspective representation of a second embodiment of an oscillator according to the invention;
  • the figure 6 is an enlarged representation of the figure 5 ;
  • the figure 7 is a perspective representation of a third embodiment of an oscillator according to the invention;
  • the figure 8 is an enlarged representation of the figure 7 ;
  • the figure 9 is a perspective representation of a fourth embodiment of an oscillator according to the invention;
  • the figure 10 is an enlarged representation of the figure 9 ;
  • the figure 11 is a perspective representation of a fifth embodiment of an oscillator according to the invention;
  • the figure 12 is a first enlarged representation of the figure 11 ;
  • the figure 13 is a second enlarged representation of the figure 11 .

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

L'invention se rapporte à un oscillateur pour une pièce d'horlogerie, c'est-à-dire un résonateur couplé avec un système de distribution et d'entretien comme, par exemple, un système d'échappement.The invention relates to an oscillator for a timepiece, that is to say a resonator coupled with a distribution system and maintenance such as, for example, an exhaust system.

Comme illustré schématiquement à la figure 1, l'oscillateur 1, selon l'invention, comporte un arbre 3 pivotant relié à une source d'énergie mécanique 2, par exemple, à l'aide d'un rouage de finition 5. Une telle source d'énergie 2 peut comporter des moyens d'accumulation d'énergie par déformation élastique et/ou par stockage pneumatique. A titre d'exemple, les moyens d'accumulation peuvent prendre la forme d'une lame métallique montée dans un tambour pivotant pour former un barillet. Toutefois, d'autres types de source d'énergie mécanique peuvent être envisagés.As illustrated schematically in figure 1 the oscillator 1, according to the invention, comprises a pivoting shaft 3 connected to a source of mechanical energy 2, for example, using a finishing train 5. Such a power source 2 may comprise energy storage means by elastic deformation and / or by pneumatic storage. For example, the accumulation means may take the form of a metal blade mounted in a pivoting drum to form a barrel. However, other types of mechanical energy sources can be envisaged.

L'oscillateur 1 selon l'invention comporte un résonateur 7 monobloc du type inertie - élasticité. Ce résonateur 7 comprend préférentiellement un organe 9 formant ladite inertie et un guidage 11 flexible formant ladite élasticité. Comme illustré schématiquement à la figure 1, le guidage 11 flexible est préférentiellement monobloc avec l'organe 9 et est monté entre l'arbre 3 pivotant et l'organe 9. Enfin, l'organe 9 formant l'inertie est également muni d'un élément 13 de dégagement.The oscillator 1 according to the invention comprises a resonator 7 monoblock type of inertia - elasticity. This resonator 7 preferably comprises a member 9 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 11 forming said elasticity. As illustrated schematically in figure 1 , the flexible guide 11 is preferably monobloc with the member 9 and is mounted between the pivoting shaft 3 and the member 9. Finally, the member 9 forming the inertia is also provided with a member 13 release.

L'amplitude du résonateur 7 est limitée aux débattements maximaux du guidage 11 flexible comme cela sera mieux expliqué dans les modes de réalisation ci-dessous. Cette limitation des débattements rend néanmoins intrinsèquement impossible le galop du résonateur 7 ce qui résout, par construction, le problème principal qui pénalise habituellement les systèmes d'échappement à détente.The amplitude of the resonator 7 is limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 11 as will be better explained in the embodiments below. This limitation of the deflections nevertheless makes it impossible to run the resonator 7, which, by construction, solves the main problem that usually penalizes the exhaust systems.

Comme illustré schématiquement à la figure 1, l'oscillateur 1 comporte en outre un échappement 15 à détente comprenant une détente 17 monobloc également solidaire de l'arbre 3 pivotant. La détente 17 comporte au moins une lame flexible 16 et une levée 18 d'arrêt agencée pour bloquer élastiquement l'arbre 3 pivotant par rapport à une denture 19 d'échappement concentrique par rapport à l'arbre 3 pivotant.As illustrated schematically in figure 1 the oscillator 1 further comprises an escapement 15 with a detent comprising a detent 17 integrally also integral with the pivoting shaft 3. The trigger 17 comprises at least one flexible blade 16 and a lifting stop 18 arranged to resiliently lock the shaft 3 pivoting relative to a toothing 19 exhaust concentric with respect to the pivoting shaft 3.

Comme cela sera mieux expliqué dans les modes de réalisation ci-dessous, l'élément 13 de dégagement est agencé pour débloquer élastiquement, par le mouvement de l'organe 9 d'inertie, la levée 18 d'arrêt par rapport à la denture 19 d'échappement concentrique fixe afin que l'arbre 3 pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur 7 tout en lui transmettant l'énergie apte à l'entretenir.As will be better explained in the embodiments below, the release element 13 is arranged to unlock elastically, by the movement of the inertia member 9, the lift 18 stop relative to the toothing 19 fixed concentric exhaust so that the pivoting shaft 3 counts each oscillation of the resonator 7 while transmitting the energy able to maintain it.

Avantageusement selon l'invention, on comprend donc que l'oscillateur 1 comporte très peu de pièces à monter car elles sont, pour la plupart, monoblocs ce qui permet aux pièces d'être plus facilement référencées les unes par rapport aux autres. De plus, grâce à l'utilisation du guidage flexible, le résonateur 7 comporte une épaisseur très faible et induit intrinsèquement l'élimination du galop. En outre, l'oscillateur 1 selon l'invention permet avantageusement au résonateur 7 d'avoir une impulsion par un couple direct plutôt qu'une force par contact comme avec un échappement à détente habituel. Enfin, l'arbre 3 pivotant annule en tournant les écarts de marche de l'oscillateur 1 dans les positions verticales.Advantageously according to the invention, it is thus clear that the oscillator 1 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced to each other. In addition, thanks to the use of the flexible guide, the resonator 7 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop. In addition, the oscillator 1 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 7 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a force by contact as with a usual expansion escapement. Finally, the pivoting shaft 3 cancels by turning the oscillations of the oscillator 1 in the vertical positions.

Tous ces avantages seront mieux compris au vu d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur 101 selon l'invention en relation avec les figures 2 à 4. Ainsi, l'oscillateur 101 comporte un arbre 103 pivotant relié à une source d'énergie mécanique (non représentée) et un résonateur 107 monobloc du type inertie - élasticité.All these advantages will be better understood in view of a first embodiment of an oscillator 101 according to the invention in relation to the Figures 2 to 4 . Thus, the oscillator 101 comprises a pivoting shaft 103 connected to a source of mechanical energy (not shown) and a monoblock resonator 107 of the inertia-elasticity type.

Ce résonateur 107 comprend un organe 109 formant ladite inertie et un guidage 111 flexible formant ladite élasticité. Le guidage 111 flexible est monobloc avec l'organe 109 et est monté entre l'arbre 103 pivotant et l'organe 109. Comme illustré à la figure 3, le guidage 111 flexible comporte au moins un moyen 121 d'ancrage solidaire de l'arbre 103 pivotant et des moyens 123 flexibles agencés pour former un axe de pivotement virtuel du résonateur 107 confondu avec le centre de rotation de l'arbre 103 pivotant.This resonator 107 comprises a member 109 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 111 forming said elasticity. The flexible guide 111 is integral with the member 109 and is mounted between the pivoting shaft 103 and the member 109. As illustrated in FIG. figure 3 , the flexible guide 111 comprises at least one anchoring means 121 integral with the pivoting shaft 103 and flexible means 123 arranged to form a virtual pivot axis of the resonator 107 coincides with the center of rotation of the pivoting shaft 103.

Plus précisément les moyens 123 flexibles comportent au moins une base 120 reliant, par au moins une lame 122, 124 flexible, respectivement l'organe 109 d'inertie et ledit au moins un moyen 121 d'ancrage. Comme illustré à la figure 3, l'organe 109 d'inertie est préférentiellement formé par deux secteurs 125 raccordés entre eux par un anneau 127 pour obtenir un organe 109 d'inertie monobloc.More specifically, the flexible means 123 comprise at least one base 120 connecting, by at least one flexible blade 122, 124, respectively the inertia member 109 and the at least one anchoring means 121. As illustrated in figure 3 , the element 109 of inertia is preferably formed by two sectors 125 connected to each other by a ring 127 to obtain a member 109 of inertia monobloc.

De plus comme visible à la figure 3, chacun des secteurs 125 est monobloc avec des moyens 123 flexibles. Plus précisément, chaque secteur 125 formant ladite inertie est raccordé par deux lames 122 flexibles à la base 120 partiellement annulaire, laquelle est solidaire de deux autres lames 124 flexibles à deux moyens 121 d'ancrage à l'aide respectivement d'une poutre 126 sensiblement en forme de T. On remarque que chaque poutre 126 est ainsi solidaire d'un moyen 121 d'ancrage et des deux secteurs 125 formant ladite inertie.Moreover as visible to the figure 3 each of the sectors 125 is integral with flexible means 123. More precisely, each sector 125 forming said inertia is connected by two flexible blades 122 to the partially annular base 120, which is integral with two other flexible blades 124 with two anchoring means 121 respectively using a beam 126 substantially T-shaped. It is noted that each beam 126 is thus integral with an anchoring means 121 and two sectors 125 forming said inertia.

On comprend que l'amplitude du résonateur 107 est donc limitée aux débattements maximaux du guidage 111 flexible et notamment de la géométrie des poutres 126, des bases 120 et des lames 122, 124. Cette limitation des débattements rend néanmoins intrinsèquement impossible le galop du résonateur 107 ce qui résout, par construction, le problème principal qui pénalise habituellement les systèmes d'échappement à détente.It will be understood that the amplitude of the resonator 107 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 111 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 126, the bases 120 and the blades 122, 124. This limitation of the deflections makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. This solves, by construction, the main problem that usually penalizes the exhaust systems.

Comme visible aux figures 3 et 4, l'organe 109 d'inertie est également muni d'un élément 113 de dégagement. Plus précisément, la surface interne d'un des secteurs 125 comporte l'élément 113 de dégagement. Dans le premier mode de réalisation, l'élément 113 de dégagement comporte un corps 131 flexible dont l'extrémité libre est munie d'une levée 132 de dégagement dont le déplacement, commandé par l'organe 109 d'inertie, est agencé pour entrer en contact avec la détente 117 monobloc à chaque alternance du résonateur 107.As visible to Figures 3 and 4 the inertia member 109 is also provided with a release member 113. More specifically, the inner surface of one of the sectors 125 comprises the element 113 of clearance. In the first embodiment, the clearance element 113 comprises a flexible body 131 whose free end is provided with a clearance lift 132 whose displacement, controlled by the inertia member 109, is arranged to enter. in contact with the expansion 117 monoblock at each alternation of the resonator 107.

Plus précisément, à la manière d'un échappement à détente habituel, le premier mode de réalisation comporte un élément 113 de dégagement permettant, dans un des sens de l'oscillation, une alternance muette, c'est-à-dire que l'élément 113 de dégagement entre en contact avec la détente 117 mais ne déplace pas la détente 117. Ainsi, préférentiellement selon le premier mode de réalisation, l'élément 113 de dégagement comporte en outre une butée 133 de dégagement agencée pour forcer le corps 131 flexible à déplacer la détente 117 monobloc dans un seul sens des oscillations du résonateur 107.More specifically, in the manner of a conventional detent escapement, the first embodiment comprises a release element 113 allowing, in one direction of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the clearance member 113 contacts the trigger 117 but does not move the trigger 117. Thus, preferentially according to the first embodiment, the clearance member 113 further comprises a release stop 133 arranged to force the flexible body 131. to move the one-piece trigger 117 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 107.

Comme mieux illustré à la figure 4, l'oscillateur 101 comporte en outre un échappement 115 à détente comprenant une détente 117 monobloc solidaire de l'arbre 103 pivotant. La détente 117 comporte au moins une lame flexible 116, 116' et une levée 118 d'arrêt agencée pour bloquer élastiquement l'arbre 103 pivotant par rapport à une denture 119 d'échappement concentrique par rapport à l'arbre 103 pivotant.As best illustrated at the figure 4 the oscillator 101 further comprises an escapement 115 with a detent comprising a detent 117 integrally integral with the pivoting shaft 103. The trigger 117 comprises at least one flexible blade 116, 116 'and a stop lift 118 arranged to resiliently lock the shaft 103 pivoting relative to an exhaust gear 119 concentric with respect to the pivoting shaft 103.

On comprend donc que la denture 119 est fixe par rapport à l'arbre 103 pivotant. De fait, l'arbre 103 pivotant, sous la contrainte de la source d'énergie mécanique, va effectuer une rotation, à chaque oscillation du résonateur 107, qui correspondra à l'angle entre deux dents de la denture 119 d'échappement, c'est-à-dire à chaque fois que la levée 118 d'arrêt de la détente 117 autorisera son déplacement d'une dent à l'autre.It is therefore clear that the toothing 119 is fixed relative to the pivoting shaft 103. In fact, the pivoting shaft 103, under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will make a rotation, at each oscillation of the resonator 107, which will correspond to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 119, c that is to say, each time the lift 118 stop trigger 117 allow its movement from one tooth to another.

Dans le premier mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 2 à 4, la détente 117 monobloc comporte deux traverses 135, 136 parallèles et deux lames 116, 116' parallèles. Comme mieux visible à la figure 4, une première traverse 135 est reliée, à une première extrémité, à l'arbre 103 pivotant et, à une deuxième extrémité de manière perpendiculaire, à une première lame 116 flexible. De plus, la deuxième traverse 136 est reliée, à une première extrémité, à la levée 118 d'arrêt et, à une deuxième extrémité de manière perpendiculaire, à une deuxième lame 116' flexible. Enfin, les première 116 et deuxième 116' lames flexibles sont respectivement reliées aux deuxième 136 et première 135 traverses.In the first embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 to 4 , the one-piece trigger 117 comprises two crosspieces 135, 136 parallel and two parallel blades 116, 116 '. As better visible at the figure 4 a first cross member 135 is connected at a first end to the pivoting shaft 103 and at a second end perpendicularly to a first flexible blade 116. In addition, the second cross member 136 is connected at a first end to the stop 118 and, at a second end perpendicularly, to a second flexible blade 116 '. Finally, the first 116 and second 116 'flexible blades are respectively connected to the second 136 and first 135 sleepers.

On comprend donc que les traverses 135, 136, visibles en position de repos aux figures 3 et 4, sont capables, à l'aide du fléchissement élastique des lames 116, 116' flexibles, de se déplacer relativement l'une par rapport à l'autre. Plus précisément, l'élément 113 de dégagement est agencé pour obliger les lames 116, 116' flexibles à se fléchir afin de débloquer élastiquement, par le mouvement de l'organe 109 d'inertie, la levée 118 d'arrêt par rapport à la denture 119 d'échappement concentrique afin que l'arbre 103 pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur 107 tout en lui transmettant l'énergie apte à l'entretenir.It is therefore understood that the cross members 135, 136, visible in the rest position at Figures 3 and 4 , are able, with the aid of the elastic deflection of the flexible blades 116, 116 ', to move relatively relative to one another. More specifically, the element 113 of clearance is arranged to force the flexible blades 116, 116 'to bend in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the body 109 of inertia, the lifting 118 stop relative to the concentric exhaust gear 119 so that the pivoting shaft 103 counts each oscillation of the resonator 107 while transmitting the energy capable of maintaining it.

Cela est rendu possible car la détente 117 monobloc comporte une butée 137 de détente solidaire de la deuxième traverse 136 qui est agencée pour entrer en contact avec l'élément 113 de dégagement à chaque alternance du résonateur 107. Comme visible à la figure 4, la butée 137 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 132 de dégagement, oblige, par l'action de la butée 133 de dégagement, la traverse 136 à s'écarter de la denture 119 d'échappement pour libérer l'arbre 103 pivotant. L'arbre 103 pivotant, sous la contrainte de la source d'énergie mécanique, va effectuer une rotation qui correspond à l'angle entre deux dents de la denture 119 d'échappement et, dans le même temps, relance le résonateur 107 par la transmission de son mouvement directement par les poutres 126 via les moyens 121 d'ancrage.This is made possible because the one-piece detent 117 has a thrust stop 137 integral with the second crossmember 136 which is arranged to come into contact with the release element 113 at each alternation of the resonator 107. As can be seen in FIG. figure 4 , the stop 137 of relaxation forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the lifting 132 of clearance, forces, by the action of the stop 133 of clearance, the cross 136 to deviate from the teeth 119 exhaust to release the shaft 103 pivoting. The pivoting shaft 103, under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will perform a rotation corresponding to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 119 and, at the same time, restart the resonator 107 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 126 via the anchoring means 121.

Par contre, dans l'alternance inverse du résonateur 107, on s'aperçoit que la butée 137 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 132 de dégagement, oblige, par l'absence d'action de la butée 133 de dégagement dans le sens inverse, la levée 132 de dégagement à s'écarter élastiquement puis, une fois la butée 137 de détente échappée, à revenir élastiquement le long de la butée 133 de dégagement.On the other hand, in the inverse alternation of the resonator 107, it can be seen that the thrust stop 137 forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 132, forces, by the absence of action of the stop 133 of clearance in the opposite direction, the clearance 132 of disengagement to move away elastically and, once the abutment stop 137 escaped, to return elastically along the stop 133 of disengagement.

Avantageusement selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, on comprend donc que l'oscillateur 101 comporte très peu de pièces à monter car elles sont, pour la plupart, monoblocs ce qui permet aux pièces d'être plus facilement référencées les unes par rapport aux autres. En effet, à titre d'exemple, le résonateur 107 monobloc et la détente 117 monobloc pourraient être formés dans deux plaques uniques solidarisées formant au moins deux niveaux fonctionnels de l'axe 103 pivotant. Cela pourrait, par exemple, être obtenu par des plaques de silicium solidarisées puis gravées ou par l'électroformage d'une pièce métallique à plusieurs niveaux.Advantageously according to the first embodiment of the invention, it is therefore understood that the oscillator 101 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, one-piece which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others. Indeed, by way of example, the monoblock resonator 107 and the one-piece expansion 117 could be formed in two single solid-state plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 103. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.

De plus, grâce à l'utilisation du guidage 111 flexible, le résonateur 107 comporte une épaisseur très faible et induit intrinsèquement l'élimination du galop. En outre, l'oscillateur 101 selon l'invention permet avantageusement au résonateur 107 d'avoir une impulsion par un couple direct plutôt qu'une force par contact comme avec un échappement à détente habituel.In addition, thanks to the use of the flexible guide 111, the resonator 107 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop. In addition, the oscillator 101 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 107 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a force by contact as with a usual expansion escapement.

De manière additionnelle, le fonctionnement induit des avantages appartenant habituellement aux oscillateurs du type tourbillon beaucoup plus complexe. En effet, le tourbillon est un dispositif imaginé par Monsieur A.-L. Breguet au début du 19e siècle pour annuler les écarts de marche dans les positions verticales. Il comprend une cage mobile qui porte tous les organes de l'échappement et, en son centre l'organe régulateur. Le pignon d'échappement tourne autour de la roue des secondes qui est fixe. La cage qui fait 1 tour par minute annule en tournant les écarts de marche dans les positions verticales.Additionally, the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the swirl type oscillators much more complex. Indeed, the whirlpool is a device imagined by Mr A.-L. Breguet in the early 19th century to cancel the rate errors in vertical positions. It comprises a movable cage which carries all the organs of the exhaust and, in its center the regulating organ. The escape gear rotates around the seconds wheel which is fixed. The cage which makes 1 turn per minute cancels by turning the deviations in the vertical positions.

Par conséquent, à la manière d'un tourbillon mais sans sa complexité de mise au point, l'arbre 103 pivotant du premier mode de réalisation annule les écarts de marche de l'oscillateur 101 dans les positions verticales en tournant le résonateur 107 en même temps que la détente 117.Consequently, in the manner of a vortex but without its developmental complexity, the pivoting shaft 103 of the first embodiment cancels out the oscillations of the oscillator 101 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 107 at the same time. time as relaxation 117.

Enfin, comme illustré à la figure 2, l'arbre 103 pivotant comporte en outre un pignon 141 agencé pour s'engrener avec un rouage de finissage afin d'être relié à la source d'énergie mécanique et d'afficher l'heure. Préférentiellement selon le premier mode de réalisation, le pignon 141 est monté fou sur l'arbre 103 pivotant par l'intermédiaire d'un accumulateur 143 d'énergie élastique afin de fournir suffisamment d'énergie à l'entretien du résonateur 107 pendant la durée du dégagement. Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, on peut voir que l'accumulateur 143 d'énergie élastique est un ressort en forme de spirale. Toutefois, l'accumulateur 143 d'énergie élastique ne saurait se limiter à un ressort en forme de spiral. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif, l'ensemble arbre 103 pivotant, accumulateur 143 d'énergie élastique et pignon 141 pourrait alternativement, être un des modes de réalisation de mobiles de transmission d'énergie décrit dans le document EP 2 455 821 incorporé par référence à la présente description.Finally, as illustrated in figure 2 , the pivoting shaft 103 further comprises a pinion gear 141 arranged to mesh with a finishing train in order to be connected to the source of mechanical energy and to display the time. Preferably according to the first embodiment, the pinion 141 is mounted loosely on the pivoting shaft 103 via an elastic energy accumulator 143 in order to provide sufficient energy for the maintenance of the resonator 107 for the duration clearance. In the example of the figure 2 it can be seen that the elastic energy accumulator 143 is a spiral spring. However, the elastic energy accumulator 143 can not be limited to a spring in the form of a spiral. Thus, by way of non-limiting example, the pivoting shaft assembly 103, elastic energy accumulator 143 and pinion 141 could alternatively be one of the embodiments of energy transmission mobiles described in the document. EP 2 455 821 incorporated by reference in the present description.

A la lecture du premier mode de réalisation, on comprend donc que l'ensemble arbre 103 pivotant, accumulateur 143 d'énergie élastique et pignon 141 n'est pas essentiel et pourrait également être remplacé par un arbre 103 pivotant muni d'une denture périphérique engrenée au rouage de finissage. Quel que soit le choix de transmission de l'énergie, il est immédiat que la force du rouage de finissage et, éventuellement celle de l'accumulateur 143 d'énergie élastique, doivent être dimensionnées pour ne pas entraîner l'actionnement de la détente 117 autrement que par l'élément 113 de dégagement.On reading the first embodiment, it is therefore understood that the pivoting shaft assembly 103, elastic energy accumulator 143 and pinion 141 is not essential and could also be replaced by a pivoting shaft 103 provided with a peripheral toothing. geared to the finishing gear. Whatever the choice of transmission of energy, it is Immediately that the force of the finishing train and, optionally that of the elastic energy accumulator 143, must be dimensioned so as not to cause the actuation of the trigger 117 other than by the element 113 release.

Un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur 201 selon l'invention est présenté aux figures 5 et 6. Ainsi, l'oscillateur 201 comporte un arbre 203 pivotant et un résonateur 207 monobloc du type inertie - élasticité semblables à ceux 103, 107 du premier mode de réalisation. Ce résonateur 207 comprend donc un organe 209 formant ladite inertie et un guidage 211 flexible formant ladite élasticité avec les mêmes avantages que ceux 109 et 111 du premier mode de réalisation.A second embodiment of an oscillator 201 according to the invention is presented to Figures 5 and 6 . Thus, the oscillator 201 comprises a pivoting shaft 203 and a monoblock resonator 207 of the inertia-elasticity type similar to those 103, 107 of the first embodiment. This resonator 207 thus comprises a member 209 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 211 forming said elasticity with the same advantages as those 109 and 111 of the first embodiment.

On comprend que l'amplitude du résonateur 207 est donc limitée aux débattements maximaux du guidage 211 flexible et notamment de la géométrie des poutres 226, des bases 220 et des lames 222, 224. Cette limitation des débattements rend néanmoins intrinsèquement impossible le galop du résonateur 207 ce qui résout, par construction, le problème principal qui pénalise habituellement les systèmes d'échappement à détente.It will be understood that the amplitude of the resonator 207 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 211 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 226, the bases 220 and the plates 222, 224. This limitation of the deflections nevertheless makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. This solves, by construction, the main problem that usually penalizes the exhaust systems.

Comme visible aux figures 5 et 6, l'organe 209 d'inertie est également muni d'un élément 213 de dégagement semblable à celui 113 du premier mode de réalisation. Plus précisément, à la manière d'un échappement à détente habituel, le deuxième mode de réalisation comporte un élément 213 de dégagement permettant, dans un des sens de l'oscillation, une alternance muette, c'est-à-dire que l'élément 213 de dégagement entre en contact avec la détente 217 mais ne déplace pas la détente 217. Ainsi, préférentiellement selon le deuxième mode de réalisation, l'élément 213 de dégagement comporte un corps 231 flexible et une butée 233 de dégagement agencée pour forcer à déplacer la détente 217 monobloc dans un seul sens des oscillations du résonateur 207.As visible to Figures 5 and 6 the inertia member 209 is also provided with a release element 213 similar to that 113 of the first embodiment. More specifically, in the manner of a conventional expansion escapement, the second embodiment comprises a release element 213 allowing, in one direction of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the release member 213 comes into contact with the trigger 217 but does not move the trigger 217. Thus, preferentially according to the second embodiment, the clearance element 213 comprises a flexible body 231 and a stop 233 of clearance arranged to force to move the one-piece expansion 217 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 207.

Comme mieux illustré à la figure 6, l'oscillateur 201 comporte en outre un échappement 215 à détente comprenant une détente 217 monobloc solidaire de l'arbre 203 pivotant. La détente 217 comporte une unique lame flexible 216 et une levée 218 d'arrêt agencée pour bloquer élastiquement l'arbre 203 pivotant par rapport à une denture 219 d'échappement concentrique par rapport à l'arbre 203 pivotant.As best illustrated at the figure 6 , the oscillator 201 further comprises an escapement 215 with a detent comprising a trigger 217 monobloc integral with the pivoting shaft 203. The trigger 217 comprises a single flexible blade 216 and a lifting 218 stop arranged to resiliently lock the shaft 203 pivoting relative to a toothing 219 exhaust concentric with respect to the pivoting shaft 203.

Comme pour le premier mode de réalisation, l'élément 213 de dégagement du deuxième mode de réalisation est agencé pour obliger la lame 216 flexible à se fléchir afin de débloquer élastiquement, par le mouvement de l'organe 209 d'inertie, la levée 218 d'arrêt par rapport à la denture 219 d'échappement concentrique afin que l'arbre 203 pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur 207 tout en lui transmettant l'énergie apte à l'entretenir.As for the first embodiment, the clearance element 213 of the second embodiment is arranged to force the flexible blade 216 to bend in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the inertia member 209, the lift 218. stopping relative to the concentric exhaust toothing 219 so that the pivoting shaft 203 counts each oscillation of the resonator 207 while transmitting the energy capable of maintaining it.

Cela est rendu possible car la détente 217 monobloc comporte une butée 237 de détente solidaire de la lame 216 flexible qui est agencée pour entrer en contact avec l'élément 213 de dégagement à chaque alternance du résonateur 207. Comme visible à la figure 6, la butée 237 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 232 de dégagement, oblige, par l'action de la butée 233 de dégagement, la lame 216 flexible à s'écarter de la denture 219 d'échappement pour libérer l'arbre 203 pivotant. L'arbre 203 pivotant, sous la contrainte de la source d'énergie mécanique, va effectuer une rotation qui correspond à l'angle entre deux dents de la denture 219 d'échappement et, dans le même temps, relance le résonateur 207 par la transmission de son mouvement directement par les poutres 226 via les moyens 221 d'ancrage.This is made possible because the one-piece detent 217 comprises a stop 237 of expansion integral with the flexible blade 216 which is arranged to come into contact with the release element 213 at each alternation of the resonator 207. As can be seen in FIG. figure 6 , the stop 237 of relaxation forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the lifting 232 release, forces, by the action of the stop 233 release, the blade 216 flexible to deviate from the toothing 219 d exhaust to release the swivel shaft 203. The pivoting shaft 203, under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will perform a rotation corresponding to the angle between two teeth of the exhaust toothing 219 and, at the same time, restart the resonator 207 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 226 via the anchoring means 221.

Par contre, dans l'alternance inverse du résonateur 207, on s'aperçoit que la butée 237 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 232 de dégagement, oblige, par l'absence d'action de la butée 233 de dégagement dans le sens inverse, la levée 232 de dégagement à s'écarter élastiquement puis, une fois la butée 237 de détente échappée, à revenir élastiquement le long de la butée 233 de dégagement.On the other hand, in the inverse alternation of the resonator 207, it can be seen that the stop 237 for expansion forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 232, forces, by the absence of action of the abutment stop 233 in the opposite direction, the release lift 232 to move away elastically and, once the abutment stop 237 escaped, to return elastically along the abutment 233 release.

Avantageusement selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, on comprend donc que l'oscillateur 201 comporte très peu de pièces à monter car elles sont, pour la plupart, monoblocs ce qui permet aux pièces d'être plus facilement référencées les unes par rapport aux autres. En effet, à titre d'exemple, le résonateur 207 monobloc et la détente 217 monobloc pourraient être formés dans deux plaques uniques solidarisées formant au moins deux niveaux fonctionnels de l'axe 203 pivotant. Cela pourrait, par exemple, être obtenu par des plaques de silicium solidarisées puis gravées ou par l'électroformage d'une pièce métallique à plusieurs niveaux.Advantageously according to the second embodiment of the invention, it is therefore understood that the oscillator 201 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others. Indeed, by way of example, the one-piece resonator 207 and the one-piece expansion 217 could be formed in two single integral plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 203. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.

De plus, grâce à l'utilisation du guidage 211 flexible, le résonateur 207 comporte une épaisseur très faible et induit intrinsèquement l'élimination du galop. En outre, l'oscillateur 201 selon l'invention permet avantageusement au résonateur 207 d'avoir une impulsion par un couple direct plutôt qu'une force par contact comme avec un échappement à détente habituel.In addition, thanks to the use of the flexible guide 211, the resonator 207 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop. In addition, the oscillator 201 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 207 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a force by contact as with a usual expansion escapement.

De manière additionnelle, le fonctionnement induit des avantages appartenant habituellement aux oscillateurs du type tourbillon beaucoup plus complexe comme déjà expliqué dans le premier mode de réalisation. Par conséquent, à la manière d'un tourbillon mais sans sa complexité de mise au point, l'arbre 203 pivotant du deuxième mode de réalisation annule les écarts de marche de l'oscillateur 201 dans les positions verticales en tournant le résonateur 207 en même temps que la détente 217.Additionally, the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the more complex vortex oscillators as already explained in the first embodiment. Therefore, in the manner of a vortex but without its developmental complexity, the pivoting shaft 203 of the second embodiment cancels the oscillations of the oscillator 201 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 207 at the same time. time as relaxation 217.

Enfin, comme pour le premier mode de réalisation, l'arbre 203 pivotant peut comporter, directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'un accumulateur d'énergie élastique, un pignon agencé pour s'engrener avec un rouage de finissage afin d'être relié à la source d'énergie mécanique et d'afficher l'heure. Ainsi, quel que soit le choix de transmission de l'énergie choisi dans le deuxième mode de réalisation, il est immédiat que la force du rouage de finissage et, éventuellement celle de l'accumulateur d'énergie élastique, doivent être dimensionnées pour ne pas entraîner l'actionnement de la détente 217 autrement que par l'élément 213 de dégagement.Finally, as for the first embodiment, the pivoting shaft 203 may comprise, directly or via an elastic energy accumulator, a pinion arranged to mesh with a finishing gear train in order to be connected. to the source of mechanical energy and to display the time. Thus, whatever the choice of transmission of the energy chosen in the second embodiment, it is immediate that the strength of the finishing gear train and, possibly, that of the energy accumulator elastic, must be dimensioned not to cause the actuation of the trigger 217 other than by the element 213 release.

Un troisième mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur 301 selon l'invention est présenté aux figures 7 et 8. Ainsi, l'oscillateur 301 comporte un arbre 303 pivotant et un résonateur 307 monobloc du type inertie - élasticité semblables à ceux 103, 203, 107, 207 des premier et deuxième modes de réalisation. Ce résonateur 307 comprend donc un organe 309 formant ladite inertie et un guidage 311 flexible formant ladite élasticité avec les mêmes avantages que ceux 109, 209 et 111, 211 des premier et deuxième modes de réalisation.A third embodiment of an oscillator 301 according to the invention is presented to Figures 7 and 8 . Thus, the oscillator 301 comprises a pivoting shaft 303 and an inertia-elastic monoblock resonator 307 similar to those 103, 203, 107, 207 of the first and second embodiments. This resonator 307 thus comprises a member 309 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 311 forming said elasticity with the same advantages as those 109, 209 and 111, 211 of the first and second embodiments.

On comprend que l'amplitude du résonateur 307 est donc limitée aux débattements maximaux du guidage 311 flexible et notamment de la géométrie des poutres 326, des bases 320 et des lames 322, 324. Cette limitation des débattements rend néanmoins intrinsèquement impossible le galop du résonateur 307 ce qui résout, par construction, le problème principal qui pénalise habituellement les systèmes d'échappement à détente.It will be understood that the amplitude of the resonator 307 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 311 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 326, the bases 320 and the blades 322, 324. This limitation of the deflections makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. 307 which solves, by construction, the main problem that usually penalizes the exhaust exhaust systems.

Comme visible aux figures 7 et 8, l'organe 309 d'inertie est également muni d'un élément 313 de dégagement semblable à celui 113, 213 des premier et deuxième modes de réalisation. Plus précisément, à la manière d'un échappement à détente habituel, le troisième mode de réalisation comporte un élément 313 de dégagement permettant, dans un des sens de l'oscillation, une alternance muette, c'est-à-dire que l'élément 313 de dégagement entre en contact avec la détente 317 mais ne déplace pas la détente 317. Ainsi, préférentiellement selon le troisième mode de réalisation, l'élément 313 de dégagement comporte un corps 331 flexible et une butée 333 de dégagement agencée pour forcer à déplacer la détente 317 monobloc dans un seul sens des oscillations du résonateur 307.As visible to Figures 7 and 8 , the inertia member 309 is also provided with a clearance element 313 similar to that 113, 213 of the first and second embodiments. More specifically, in the manner of a conventional detent escapement, the third embodiment comprises a release element 313 allowing, in one of the directions of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the clearance member 313 comes into contact with the trigger 317 but does not move the trigger 317. Thus, preferably according to the third embodiment, the clearance member 313 comprises a flexible body 331 and a stop 333 clearance arranged to force to move the one-piece expansion 317 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 307.

Comme mieux illustré à la figure 8, l'oscillateur 301 comporte en outre un échappement 315 à détente comprenant une détente 317 monobloc solidaire de l'arbre 303 pivotant. La détente 317 comporte au moins une lame 316, 316' flexible et une levée 318 d'arrêt agencée pour bloquer élastiquement l'arbre 303 pivotant par rapport à une denture 319 d'échappement concentrique par rapport à l'arbre 303 pivotant.As best illustrated at the figure 8 , the oscillator 301 further comprises an exhaust 315 expansion comprising a detent 317 integrally integral with the shaft 303 pivoting. The trigger 317 comprises at less a flexible blade 316, 316 'and a lifting 318 stop arranged to resiliently lock the shaft 303 pivoting relative to an exhaust gear 319 concentric with respect to the shaft 303 pivoting.

Comme pour les premier et deuxième modes de réalisation, l'élément 313 de dégagement du troisième mode de réalisation est agencé pour obliger ladite au moins une lame 316, 316' flexible à se fléchir afin de débloquer élastiquement, par le mouvement de l'organe 309 d'inertie, la levée 318 d'arrêt par rapport à la denture 319 d'échappement concentrique afin que l'arbre 303 pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur 307 tout en lui transmettant l'énergie apte à l'entretenir.As for the first and second embodiments, the clearance element 313 of the third embodiment is arranged to force said at least one flexible blade 316, 316 'to bend in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the body 309 of inertia, the lifting 318 stop with respect to the concentric exhaust gear 319 so that the pivoting shaft 303 counts each oscillation of the resonator 307 while transmitting the energy able to maintain it.

Dans le troisième mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 7 et 8, la détente 317 monobloc comporte deux traverses 335, 336 parallèles et deux lames 316, 316' parallèles. Comme mieux visible à la figure 8, une première traverse 335 est reliée, à une première extrémité, à l'arbre 303 pivotant et, à la même extrémité de manière perpendiculaire, à une première lame 316 flexible. De plus, la deuxième traverse 336 est reliée, à une première extrémité, à la levée 318 d'arrêt (mieux visible à la figure 7) et, à une deuxième extrémité de manière perpendiculaire, à une deuxième lame 316' flexible. Enfin, les première 316 et deuxième 316' lames flexibles sont respectivement reliées aux deuxième 336 et première 335 traverses.In the third embodiment illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 , the expansion 317 monobloc comprises two crosspieces 335, 336 parallel and two blades 316, 316 'parallel. As better visible at the figure 8 a first cross member 335 is connected at a first end to the pivoting shaft 303 and, at the same end perpendicularly, to a first flexible blade 316. In addition, the second cross member 336 is connected, at a first end, to the lift 318 stop (better visible in the figure 7 ) and at a second end perpendicularly to a second flexible blade 316 '. Finally, the first 316 and second 316 'flexible blades are respectively connected to the second 336 and first 335 sleepers.

Comme visible aux figures 7 et 8, la deuxième traverse 336 comporte préférentiellement trois tronçons rectilignes. Le premier tronçon 336a relie les deux lames 316, 316' flexibles et est attaché, sensiblement perpendiculairement dans le sens trigonométrique, au deuxième tronçon 336b qui longe la première lame 316 flexible qui est lui-même attaché, sensiblement perpendiculairement dans le sens rétrograde, au troisième tronçon 336c qui porte la levée 318 d'arrêt. On comprend donc que les tronçons 336a et 336c sont sensiblement parallèles.As visible to Figures 7 and 8 the second cross member 336 preferably comprises three rectilinear sections. The first section 336a connects the two flexible blades 316, 316 'and is attached, substantially perpendicularly in the trigonometrical direction, to the second section 336b which runs along the first flexible blade 316 which is itself attached, substantially perpendicularly in the retrograde direction, to the third section 336c which carries the lift 318 stop. It is therefore clear that the sections 336a and 336c are substantially parallel.

Ainsi, les traverses 335, 336, visibles en position de repos aux figures 7 et 8, sont capables, à l'aide du fléchissement élastique des lames 316, 316' flexibles, de se déplacer relativement l'une par rapport à l'autre. Plus précisément, l'élément 313 de dégagement est agencé pour obliger les lames 316, 316' flexibles à se fléchir afin de débloquer élastiquement, par le mouvement de l'organe 309 d'inertie, la levée 318 d'arrêt par rapport à la denture 319 d'échappement concentrique afin que l'arbre 303 pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur 307 tout en lui transmettant l'énergie apte à l'entretenir.Thus, the cross members 335, 336, visible in the rest position at Figures 7 and 8 are capable, with the aid of the elastic deflection of the flexible blades 316, 316 ', to move relative to one another. More specifically, the clearance element 313 is arranged to force the flexible blades 316, 316 'to bend in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the inertia member 309, the lift 318 with respect to the concentric exhaust gear 319 so that the pivoting shaft 303 counts each oscillation of the resonator 307 while transmitting to it the energy capable of maintaining it.

Cela est rendu possible car la détente 317 monobloc comporte une butée 337 de détente solidaire de la deuxième traverse 336, au niveau du premier tronçon 336a, qui est agencée pour entrer en contact avec l'élément 313 de dégagement à chaque alternance du résonateur 307. Comme visible à la figure 8, la butée 337 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 332 de dégagement, oblige, par l'action de la butée 333 de dégagement, la traverse 336, et notamment son troisième tronçon 336c, à s'écarter de la denture 319 d'échappement pour libérer l'arbre 303 pivotant. L'arbre 303 pivotant, sous la contrainte de la source d'énergie mécanique, va effectuer une rotation qui correspond à l'angle entre deux dents de la denture 319 d'échappement et, dans le même temps, relance le résonateur 307 par la transmission de son mouvement directement par les poutres 326 via les moyens 321 d'ancrage.This is made possible because the detent 317 monobloc comprises a stop 337 of expansion secured to the second cross member 336, at the first section 336a, which is arranged to come into contact with the element 313 release at each alternation of the resonator 307. As visible at figure 8 , the stop 337 of relaxation forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 332, forces, by the action of the stop 333 clearance, the cross member 336, and in particular its third section 336c, s move away from the exhaust teeth 319 to release the pivoting shaft 303. The pivoting shaft 303, under the constraint of the source of mechanical energy, will perform a rotation corresponding to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 319 and, at the same time, restart the resonator 307 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 326 via the anchoring means 321.

Par contre, dans l'alternance inverse du résonateur 307, on s'aperçoit que la butée 337 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 332 de dégagement, oblige, par l'absence d'action de la butée 333 de dégagement dans le sens inverse, la levée 332 de dégagement à s'écarter élastiquement puis, une fois la butée 337 de détente échappée, à revenir élastiquement le long de la butée 333 de dégagement.On the other hand, in the inverse alternation of the resonator 307, it can be seen that the stop 337 for expansion forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the disengagement lift 332, forces, by the absence of action of the stop 333 clearance in the opposite direction, the lift 332 release to elastically deviate and, once the abutment 337 trigger escaped, to return elastically along the stop 333 release.

Avantageusement selon le troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, on comprend donc que l'oscillateur 301 comporte très peu de pièces à monter car elles sont, pour la plupart, monoblocs ce qui permet aux pièces d'être plus facilement référencées les unes par rapport aux autres. En effet, à titre d'exemple, le résonateur 307 monobloc et la détente 317 monobloc pourraient être formés dans deux plaques uniques solidarisées formant au moins deux niveaux fonctionnels de l'axe 303 pivotant. Cela pourrait, par exemple, être obtenu par des plaques de silicium solidarisées puis gravées ou par l'électroformage d'une pièce métallique à plusieurs niveaux.Advantageously according to the third embodiment of the invention, it is therefore understood that the oscillator 301 has very few parts to assemble because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others. Indeed, by way of example, the monobloc resonator 307 and the detent One-piece 317 could be formed in two single integral plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 303. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.

De plus, grâce à l'utilisation du guidage 311 flexible, le résonateur 307 comporte une épaisseur très faible et induit intrinsèquement l'élimination du galop. En outre, l'oscillateur 301 selon l'invention permet avantageusement au résonateur 307 d'avoir une impulsion par un couple direct plutôt qu'une force par contact comme avec un échappement à détente habituel.In addition, thanks to the use of the flexible guide 311, the resonator 307 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop. In addition, the oscillator 301 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 307 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a contact force as with a usual expansion escapement.

De manière additionnelle, le fonctionnement induit des avantages appartenant habituellement aux oscillateurs du type tourbillon beaucoup plus complexe comme déjà expliqué dans le premier mode de réalisation. Par conséquent, à la manière d'un tourbillon mais sans sa complexité de mise au point, l'arbre 303 pivotant du troisième mode de réalisation annule les écarts de marche de l'oscillateur 301 dans les positions verticales en tournant le résonateur 307 en même temps que la détente 317.Additionally, the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the more complex vortex oscillators as already explained in the first embodiment. Consequently, in the manner of a vortex but without its developmental complexity, the pivoting shaft 303 of the third embodiment cancels the oscillations of the oscillator 301 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 307 at the same time. time as relaxation 317.

Enfin, comme pour les premier et deuxième modes de réalisation, l'arbre 303 pivotant peut comporter, directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'un accumulateur d'énergie élastique, un pignon agencé pour s'engrener avec un rouage de finissage afin d'être relié à la source d'énergie mécanique et d'afficher l'heure. Ainsi, quel que soit le choix de transmission de l'énergie choisi dans le troisième mode de réalisation, il est immédiat que la force du rouage de finissage et, éventuellement celle de l'accumulateur d'énergie élastique, doivent être dimensionnées pour ne pas entraîner l'actionnement de la détente 317 autrement que par l'élément 313 de dégagement.Finally, as for the first and second embodiments, the pivoting shaft 303 may comprise, directly or via an elastic energy accumulator, a pinion arranged to mesh with a finishing gear train in order to be connected to the mechanical power source and display the time. Thus, irrespective of the choice of transmission of the energy chosen in the third embodiment, it is immediate that the strength of the finishing gear train, and possibly that of the elastic energy accumulator, must be dimensioned so as not to trigger the actuation of the trigger 317 other than by the element 313 release.

Un quatrième mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur 401 selon l'invention est présenté aux figures 9 et 10. Ainsi, l'oscillateur 401 comporte un arbre 403 pivotant et un résonateur 407 monobloc du type inertie - élasticité semblables à ceux 103, 203, 303, 107, 207, 307 des trois premiers modes de réalisation. Ce résonateur 407 comprend donc un organe 409 formant ladite inertie et un guidage 411 flexible formant ladite élasticité avec les mêmes avantages que ceux 109, 209, 309 et 111, 211, 311 des trois premiers modes de réalisation.A fourth embodiment of an oscillator 401 according to the invention is presented to Figures 9 and 10 . Thus, the oscillator 401 comprises a pivoting shaft 403 and a resonator 407 monoblock of the inertia-elasticity type similar to those 103, 203, 303, 107, 207, 307 of the three first embodiments. This resonator 407 thus comprises a member 409 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 411 forming said elasticity with the same advantages as those 109, 209, 309 and 111, 211, 311 of the first three embodiments.

On comprend que l'amplitude du résonateur 407 est donc limitée aux débattements maximaux du guidage 411 flexible et notamment de la géométrie des poutres 426, des bases 420 et des lames 422, 424. Cette limitation des débattements rend néanmoins intrinsèquement impossible le galop du résonateur 407 ce qui résout, par construction, le problème principal qui pénalise habituellement les systèmes d'échappement à détente.It will be understood that the amplitude of the resonator 407 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 411 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 426, the bases 420 and the blades 422, 424. This limitation of the deflections nevertheless makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. 407 which solves, by construction, the main problem that usually penalizes exhaust exhaust systems.

Comme visible aux figures 9 et 10, l'organe 409 d'inertie est également muni d'un élément 413 de dégagement semblable à celui 113, 213, 313 des trois premiers modes de réalisation. Plus précisément, à la manière d'un échappement à détente habituel, le quatrième mode de réalisation comporte un élément 413 de dégagement permettant, dans un des sens de l'oscillation, une alternance muette, c'est-à-dire que l'élément 413 de dégagement entre en contact avec la détente 417 mais ne déplace pas la détente 417. Ainsi, préférentiellement selon le quatrième mode de réalisation, l'élément 413 de dégagement comporte un corps 431 flexible et une butée 433 de dégagement agencée pour forcer à déplacer la détente 417 monobloc dans un seul sens des oscillations du résonateur 407.As visible to Figures 9 and 10 , the inertia member 409 is also provided with a clearance element 413 similar to that 113, 213, 313 of the first three embodiments. More specifically, in the manner of a conventional detent escapement, the fourth embodiment comprises a release member 413 allowing, in one of the directions of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the clearance member 413 comes into contact with the trigger 417 but does not move the trigger 417. Thus, preferably according to the fourth embodiment, the clearance member 413 comprises a flexible body 431 and a stop 433 of clearance arranged to force to move the one-piece expansion valve 417 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 407.

Comme mieux illustré à la figure 10, l'oscillateur 401 comporte en outre un échappement 415 à détente comprenant une détente 417 monobloc solidaire de l'arbre 403 pivotant. La détente 417 comporte au moins une lame 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d flexible et une levée 418 d'arrêt agencée pour bloquer élastiquement l'arbre 403 pivotant par rapport à une denture 419 d'échappement concentrique par rapport à l'arbre 403 pivotant.As best illustrated at the figure 10 the oscillator 401 further comprises an escapement 415 trigger comprising a detent 417 integrally integral with the shaft 403 pivoting. The detent 417 comprises at least one flexible blade 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d and a lifting lever 418 arranged to resiliently lock the pivoting shaft 403 with respect to an exhaust gear 419 concentric with respect to the pivoting shaft 403. .

Comme pour les trois premiers modes de réalisation, l'élément 413 de dégagement du quatrième mode de réalisation est agencé pour obliger ladite au moins une lame 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d flexible à se fléchir afin de débloquer élastiquement, par le mouvement de l'organe 409 d'inertie, la levée 418 d'arrêt par rapport à la denture 419 d'échappement concentrique afin que l'arbre 403 pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur 407 tout en lui transmettant l'énergie apte à l'entretenir.As for the first three embodiments, the clearance element 413 of the fourth embodiment is arranged to force said at least one flexible blade 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d to bend in order to to unlock elastically, by the movement of the inertia member 409, the lifting 418 stop relative to the concentric exhaust teeth 419 so that the pivoting shaft 403 counts each oscillation of the resonator 407 while transmitting it energy able to maintain it.

Dans le quatrième mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 9 et 10, la détente 417 monobloc comporte des première et deuxième lames 416a, 416b flexibles non parallèles reliant chacune l'arbre 403 pivotant à une attache 435 sensiblement cylindrique. L'attache 435 est reliée en outre à une troisième lame 416d flexible dont l'extrémité libre comprend la levée 418 d'arrêt. Enfin, l'attache 435 comporte également une quatrième lame 416c flexible comportant une butée 437 de détente qui est agencée pour entrer en contact avec l'élément 413 de dégagement à chaque alternance du résonateur 407. Comme visible à la figure 10, de manière préférée, les troisième et quatrième lames 416d, 416c sont sensiblement perpendiculaires.In the fourth embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 , the detent 417 monobloc comprises first and second flexible non-parallel blades 416a, 416b each connecting the shaft 403 pivoting to a fastener 435 substantially cylindrical. The fastener 435 is further connected to a third flexible blade 416d whose free end includes the lifting 418 stop. Finally, the fastener 435 also comprises a fourth flexible blade 416c having a stop 437 for detent which is arranged to come into contact with the element 413 of release at each alternation of the resonator 407. As visible in FIG. figure 10 in a preferred manner, the third and fourth blades 416d, 416c are substantially perpendicular.

Ainsi, les lames 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d flexibles visibles en position de repos aux figures 9 et 10, sont capables, à l'aide de leur fléchissement élastique de se déplacer relativement les unes par rapport autres. Plus précisément, l'élément 413 de dégagement est agencé pour obliger les lames 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d flexibles à se fléchir afin de débloquer élastiquement, par le mouvement de l'organe 409 d'inertie, la levée 418 d'arrêt par rapport à la denture 419 d'échappement concentrique afin que l'arbre 403 pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur 407 tout en lui transmettant l'énergie apte à l'entretenir. Préférentiellement selon l'invention, les lames 416c et 416d sont moins flexibles que les lames 416a et 416b afin d'obtenir le mouvement de rotation autour de l'attache 435 dans le but de libérer la levée 418 de la denture 419 d'échappement.Thus, the blades 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d flexible visible in the rest position to Figures 9 and 10 , are able, with the aid of their elastic deflection to move relatively relative to each other. More specifically, the element 413 clearance is arranged to force the blades 416a, 416b, 416c, 146d flexible to bend in order to unlock elastically, by the movement of the member 409 of inertia, the lift 418 stop by relative to the concentric exhaust toothing 419 so that the pivoting shaft 403 counts each oscillation of the resonator 407 while transmitting to it the energy capable of maintaining it. Preferably according to the invention, the blades 416c and 416d are less flexible than the blades 416a and 416b to obtain the rotational movement around the fastener 435 in order to release the lift 418 of the toothing 419 exhaust.

Cela est rendu possible car la détente 417 monobloc comporte une butée 437 de détente solidaire de la quatrième lame 416c flexible qui est agencée pour entrer en contact avec l'élément 413 de dégagement à chaque alternance du résonateur 407. Comme visible à la figure 10, la butée 437 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 432 de dégagement, oblige, par l'action de la butée 433 de dégagement, la troisième lame 436d flexible à s'écarter de la denture 419 d'échappement pour libérer l'arbre 403 pivotant. L'arbre 403 pivotant, sous la contrainte de la source d'énergie mécanique, va effectuer une rotation qui correspond à l'angle entre deux dents de la denture 419 d'échappement et, dans le même temps, relance le résonateur 407 par la transmission de son mouvement directement par les poutres 426 via les moyens 421 d'ancrage.This is made possible because the detent 417 monobloc comprises a stop 437 of expansion integral with the fourth flexible blade 416c which is arranged to come into contact with the element 413 of release at each alternation of the resonator 407. As visible in FIG. figure 10 , the The stop 437 forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 432, forces the third flexible blade 436d to move away from the teeth 419 by the action of the stop 433. exhaust to release the shaft 403 pivoting. The pivoting shaft 403, under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will perform a rotation corresponding to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 419 and, at the same time, restart the resonator 407 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 426 via the means 421 anchoring.

Par contre, dans l'alternance inverse du résonateur 407, on s'aperçoit que la butée 437 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 432 de dégagement, oblige, par l'absence d'action de la butée 433 de dégagement dans le sens inverse, la levée 432 de dégagement à s'écarter élastiquement puis, une fois la butée 437 de détente échappée, à revenir élastiquement le long de la butée 433 de dégagement.On the other hand, in the inverse alternation of the resonator 407, it can be seen that the stop 437 for expansion forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the release lift 432, forces, by the absence of any action of the abutment stop 433 in the opposite direction, the lifting 432 release to elastically deviate and, once the abutment stop 437 escaped, to return elastically along the stop 433 release.

Avantageusement selon le quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention, on comprend donc que l'oscillateur 401 comporte très peu de pièces à monter car elles sont, pour la plupart, monoblocs ce qui permet aux pièces d'être plus facilement référencées les unes par rapport aux autres. En effet, à titre d'exemple, le résonateur 407 monobloc et la détente 417 monobloc pourraient être formés dans deux plaques uniques solidarisées formant au moins deux niveaux fonctionnels de l'axe 403 pivotant. Cela pourrait, par exemple, être obtenu par des plaques de silicium solidarisées puis gravées ou par l'électroformage d'une pièce métallique à plusieurs niveaux.Advantageously according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, it is therefore understood that the oscillator 401 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others. Indeed, by way of example, the one-piece resonator 407 and the one-piece detent 417 could be formed in two single integral plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 403. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.

De plus, grâce à l'utilisation du guidage 411 flexible, le résonateur 407 comporte une épaisseur très faible et induit intrinsèquement l'élimination du galop. En outre, l'oscillateur 401 selon l'invention permet avantageusement au résonateur 407 d'avoir une impulsion par un couple direct plutôt qu'une force par contact comme avec un échappement à détente habituel.In addition, thanks to the use of the flexible guide 411, the resonator 407 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop. In addition, the oscillator 401 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 407 to have a pulse by a couple direct rather than a force by contact as with a usual detent escapement.

De manière additionnelle, le fonctionnement induit des avantages appartenant habituellement aux oscillateurs du type tourbillon beaucoup plus complexe comme déjà expliqué dans le premier mode de réalisation. Par conséquent, à la manière d'un tourbillon mais sans sa complexité de mise au point, l'arbre 403 pivotant du quatrième mode de réalisation annule les écarts de marche de l'oscillateur 401 dans les positions verticales en tournant le résonateur 407 en même temps que la détente 417.Additionally, the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the more complex vortex oscillators as already explained in the first embodiment. Consequently, in the manner of a vortex but without its developmental complexity, the pivoting shaft 403 of the fourth embodiment cancels the oscillations of the oscillator 401 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 407 at the same time. time as relaxation 417.

Enfin, comme pour les trois premiers modes de réalisation, l'arbre 403 pivotant peut comporter, directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'un accumulateur d'énergie élastique, un pignon agencé pour s'engrener avec un rouage de finissage afin d'être relié à la source d'énergie mécanique et d'afficher l'heure. Ainsi, quel que soit le choix de transmission de l'énergie choisi dans le quatrième mode de réalisation, il est immédiat que la force du rouage de finissage et, éventuellement celle de l'accumulateur d'énergie élastique, doivent être dimensionnées pour ne pas entraîner l'actionnement de la détente 417 autrement que par l'élément 413 de dégagement.Finally, as for the first three embodiments, the pivoting shaft 403 may comprise, directly or via an elastic energy accumulator, a pinion arranged to mesh with a finishing gear to be connected to the mechanical power source and display the time. Thus, whatever the choice of transmission of the energy chosen in the fourth embodiment, it is immediate that the force of the finishing gear train and, possibly, that of the elastic energy accumulator, must be dimensioned so as not to actuating the trigger 417 otherwise than by the element 413 release.

Un cinquième mode de réalisation d'un oscillateur 501 selon l'invention est présenté aux figures 11 à 13. Ainsi, l'oscillateur 501 comporte un arbre 503 pivotant et un résonateur 507 monobloc du type inertie - élasticité semblables à ceux 103, 203, 303, 403, 107, 207, 307, 407 des quatre premiers modes de réalisation. Ce résonateur 507 comprend donc un organe 509 formant ladite inertie et un guidage 511 flexible formant ladite élasticité avec les mêmes avantages que ceux 109, 209, 309,409 et 111, 211, 311,411 des quatre premiers modes de réalisation.A fifth embodiment of an oscillator 501 according to the invention is presented to Figures 11 to 13 . Thus, the oscillator 501 comprises a pivoting shaft 503 and an inertia-elastic type resonator 507 similar to those 103, 203, 303, 403, 107, 207, 307, 407 of the first four embodiments. This resonator 507 thus comprises a member 509 forming said inertia and a flexible guide 511 forming said elasticity with the same advantages as those 109, 209, 309, 409 and 111, 211, 311, 411 of the first four embodiments.

On comprend que l'amplitude du résonateur 507 est donc limitée aux débattements maximaux du guidage 511 flexible et notamment de la géométrie des poutres 526, des bases 520 et des lames 522, 524. Cette limitation des débattements rend néanmoins intrinsèquement impossible le galop du résonateur 507 ce qui résout, par construction, le problème principal qui pénalise habituellement les systèmes d'échappement à détente.It will be understood that the amplitude of the resonator 507 is therefore limited to the maximum deflections of the flexible guide 511 and in particular of the geometry of the beams 526, the bases 520 and the blades 522, 524. This limitation of the deflections nevertheless makes the resonator gallop intrinsically impossible. 507 which solves, by construction, the problem that usually penalizes exhaust systems.

Comme visible aux figures 11 et 13, l'organe 509 d'inertie est également muni d'un élément 513 de dégagement semblable à celui 113, 213, 313, 413 des quatre premiers modes de réalisation. Plus précisément, à la manière d'un échappement à détente habituel, le cinquième mode de réalisation comporte un élément 513 de dégagement permettant, dans un des sens de l'oscillation, une alternance muette, c'est-à-dire que l'élément 513 de dégagement entre en contact avec la détente 517 mais ne déplace pas la détente 517. Ainsi, préférentiellement selon le cinquième mode de réalisation, l'élément 513 de dégagement comporte un corps 531 flexible et une butée 533 de dégagement agencée pour forcer à déplacer la détente 517 monobloc dans un seul sens des oscillations du résonateur 507.As visible to Figures 11 and 13 , the member 509 of inertia is also provided with a clearance element 513 similar to that 113, 213, 313, 413 of the first four embodiments. More specifically, in the manner of a conventional expansion escapement, the fifth embodiment comprises a release element 513 allowing, in one direction of the oscillation, a mute alternation, that is to say that the 513 clearance member contacts the trigger 517 but does not move the trigger 517. Thus, preferably according to the fifth embodiment, the clearance member 513 comprises a flexible body 531 and a stop 533 clearance arranged to force to move the one-piece trigger 517 in one direction oscillations of the resonator 507.

Comme mieux illustré aux figures 12 et 13, l'oscillateur 501 comporte en outre un échappement 515 à détente comprenant une détente 517 monobloc solidaire de l'arbre 503 pivotant. La détente 517 comporte au moins une lame flexible 516, 516' et une levée 518 d'arrêt agencée pour bloquer élastiquement l'arbre 503 pivotant par rapport à une denture 519 d'échappement concentrique par rapport à l'arbre 503 pivotant.As better illustrated to Figures 12 and 13 the oscillator 501 further comprises an escapement 515 with a detent comprising a detent 517 integrally integral with the pivoting shaft 503. The trigger 517 comprises at least one flexible blade 516, 516 'and a lifting 518 stop arranged to elastically lock the shaft 503 pivoting relative to a set of teeth 519 exhaust concentric with respect to the shaft 503 pivoting.

On comprend donc que la denture 519 est fixe par rapport à l'arbre 503 pivotant. De fait, l'arbre 503 pivotant, sous la contrainte de la source d'énergie mécanique, va effectuer une rotation, à chaque oscillation du résonateur 507, qui correspondra à l'angle entre deux dents de la denture 519 d'échappement, c'est-à-dire à chaque fois que la levée 518 d'arrêt de la détente 517 autorisera son déplacement d'une dent à l'autre.It is therefore clear that the toothing 519 is fixed relative to the pivoting shaft 503. In fact, the pivoting shaft 503, under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will make a rotation, at each oscillation of the resonator 507, which will correspond to the angle between two teeth of the escape toothing 519, c that is to say, each time the lifting 518 stop trigger 517 will allow its movement from one tooth to another.

Dans le cinquième mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 11 à 13, la détente 517 monobloc comporte deux traverses 535, 536 parallèles et deux lames 516, 516' parallèles. Comme mieux visible à la figure 12, une première traverse 535 est reliée, à une première extrémité, à l'arbre 503 pivotant et, à une deuxième extrémité de manière perpendiculaire, à une première lame 516 flexible. De plus, la deuxième traverse 536 est reliée, à une première extrémité, à la levée 518 d'arrêt et, à une deuxième extrémité de manière perpendiculaire, à une deuxième lame 516' flexible. Enfin, les première 516 et deuxième 516' lames flexibles sont respectivement reliées aux deuxième 536 et première 535 traverses.In the fifth embodiment illustrated in Figures 11 to 13 the one-piece trigger 517 comprises two parallel crosspieces 535, 536 and two parallel blades 516, 516 '. As better visible at the figure 12 a first cross member 535 is connected at a first end to the pivoting shaft 503 and, at a second end perpendicularly, to a first flexible blade 516. In addition, the second cross 536 is connected to a first end, the lifting 518 stop and, at a second end perpendicularly, a second blade 516 'flexible. Finally, the first 516 and second 516 'flexible blades are respectively connected to the second 536 and first 535 sleepers.

Comme visible aux figures 11 à 13, la deuxième traverse 536 comporte préférentiellement trois tronçons. Le premier tronçon rectiligne 536a relie les deux lames 516, 516' flexibles, porte la levée 318 d'arrêt à une extrémité et, à l'extrémité opposé, est attaché, sensiblement perpendiculairement dans le sens rétrograde, au deuxième tronçon courbe 536b en forme de quart de cercle qui longe l'arbre 503 pivotant qui est lui-même attaché, sensiblement perpendiculairement dans le sens trigonométrique, au troisième tronçon rectiligne 336c qui porte une butée 537 de détente. On comprend donc que les tronçons 536a et 536c sont sensiblement perpendiculaires.As visible to Figures 11 to 13 the second cross 536 preferably comprises three sections. The first rectilinear section 536a connects the two flexible blades 516, 516 ', carries the lifting 318 stop at one end and, at the opposite end, is attached, substantially perpendicularly in the retrograde direction, to the second curved section 536b shaped of a quarter circle which runs along the pivoting shaft 503 which is itself attached, substantially perpendicularly in the trigonometrical direction, to the third rectilinear section 336c which carries a stop stop 537. It is therefore understood that the sections 536a and 536c are substantially perpendicular.

On comprend donc que les traverses 535, 536, visibles en position de repos aux figures 11 à 13, sont capables, à l'aide du fléchissement élastique des lames 516, 516' flexibles, de se déplacer relativement l'une par rapport à l'autre. Plus précisément, l'élément 513 de dégagement est agencé pour obliger les lames 516, 516' flexibles à se fléchir afin de débloquer élastiquement, par le mouvement de l'organe 509 d'inertie, la levée 518 d'arrêt par rapport à la denture 519 d'échappement concentrique afin que l'arbre 503 pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur 507 tout en lui transmettant l'énergie apte à l'entretenir.It is therefore understood that the sleepers 535, 536, visible in the rest position at Figures 11 to 13 are able, by means of the elastic deflection of the flexible blades 516, 516 ', to move relative to one another. More specifically, the clearance element 513 is arranged to force the flexible blades 516, 516 'to flex in order to elastically unlock, by the movement of the inertia member 509, the lifting lever 518 with respect to the 519 exhaust gear concentric so that the pivoting shaft 503 counts each oscillation of the resonator 507 while transmitting energy capable of maintaining it.

Cela est rendu possible car la détente 517 monobloc comporte la butée 537 de détente solidaire de la deuxième traverse 536 qui est agencée pour entrer en contact avec l'élément 513 de dégagement à chaque alternance du résonateur 507. Comme visible à la figure 13, la butée 537 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 532 de dégagement, oblige, par l'action de la butée 533 de dégagement, le premier tronçon rectiligne 536a à s'écarter de la denture 519 d'échappement pour libérer l'arbre 503 pivotant. L'arbre 503 pivotant, sous la contrainte de la source d'énergie mécanique, va effectuer une rotation qui correspond à l'angle entre deux dents de la denture 519 d'échappement et, dans le même temps, relance le résonateur 507 par la transmission de son mouvement directement par les poutres 526 via les moyens 521 d'ancrage.This is made possible because the one-piece detent 517 comprises the abutment stop 537 integral with the second crossmember 536 which is arranged to come into contact with the release element 513 at each alternation of the resonator 507. As can be seen in FIG. figure 13 the detent stop 537 forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the disengagement lift 532, forces the first rectilinear section 536a to move away from the tooth 519 by the action of the disengagement stop 533. exhaust to release the shaft 503 pivoting. The pivoting shaft 503, under the constraint of the mechanical energy source, will perform a rotation which corresponds to the angle between two teeth of the teeth 519 exhaust and, at the same time, restart the resonator 507 by the transmission of its movement directly by the beams 526 via the anchoring means 521.

Par contre, dans l'alternance inverse du résonateur 507, on s'aperçoit que la butée 537 de détente forme une came qui, lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec la levée 532 de dégagement, oblige, par l'absence d'action de la butée 533 de dégagement dans le sens inverse, la levée 532 de dégagement à s'écarter élastiquement puis, une fois la butée 537 de détente échappée, à revenir élastiquement le long de la butée 533 de dégagement.On the other hand, in the inverse alternation of the resonator 507, it can be seen that the stop 537 for expansion forms a cam which, when it comes into contact with the disengagement lift 532, forces, by the absence of action of the stop 533 clearance in the opposite direction, the lift 532 release to elastically deviate and, once the abutment stopper 537 escaped, to return elastically along the stop 533 release.

Avantageusement selon le cinquième mode de réalisation de l'invention, on comprend donc que l'oscillateur 501 comporte très peu de pièces à monter car elles sont, pour la plupart, monoblocs ce qui permet aux pièces d'être plus facilement référencées les unes par rapport aux autres. En effet, à titre d'exemple, le résonateur 507 monobloc et la détente 517 monobloc pourraient être formés dans deux plaques uniques solidarisées formant au moins deux niveaux fonctionnels de l'axe 503 pivotant. Cela pourrait, par exemple, être obtenu par des plaques de silicium solidarisées puis gravées ou par l'électroformage d'une pièce métallique à plusieurs niveaux.Advantageously according to the fifth embodiment of the invention, it is therefore understood that the oscillator 501 has very few parts to mount because they are, for the most part, monoblocks which allows the parts to be more easily referenced, some by compared to others. Indeed, by way of example, the one-piece resonator 507 and the one-piece detent 517 could be formed in two single integral plates forming at least two functional levels of the pivoting axis 503. This could, for example, be obtained by secured and then etched silicon plates or by electroforming a multi-level metal part.

De plus, grâce à l'utilisation du guidage 511 flexible, le résonateur 507 comporte une épaisseur très faible et induit intrinsèquement l'élimination du galop. En outre, l'oscillateur 501 selon l'invention permet avantageusement au résonateur 507 d'avoir une impulsion par un couple direct plutôt qu'une force par contact comme avec un échappement à détente habituel.In addition, thanks to the use of the flexible guide 511, the resonator 507 has a very small thickness and intrinsically induces the elimination of gallop. In addition, the oscillator 501 according to the invention advantageously allows the resonator 507 to have a pulse by a direct torque rather than a force by contact as with a usual expansion escapement.

De manière additionnelle, le fonctionnement induit des avantages appartenant habituellement aux oscillateurs du type tourbillon beaucoup plus complexe comme déjà expliqué dans le premier mode de réalisation. Par conséquent, à la manière d'un tourbillon mais sans sa complexité de mise au point, l'arbre 503 pivotant du cinquième mode de réalisation annule les écarts de marche de l'oscillateur 501 dans les positions verticales en tournant le résonateur 507 en même temps que la détente 517.Additionally, the operation induces advantages usually belonging to the more complex vortex oscillators as already explained in the first embodiment. Consequently, in the manner of a vortex but without its developmental complexity, the pivoting shaft 503 of the fifth embodiment cancels out the oscillations of the oscillator 501 in the vertical positions by turning the resonator 507 at the same time. time as relaxation 517.

Enfin, comme pour les quatre premiers modes de réalisation, l'arbre 503 pivotant peut comporter, directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'un accumulateur d'énergie élastique, un pignon agencé pour s'engrener avec un rouage de finissage afin d'être relié à la source d'énergie mécanique et d'afficher l'heure. Ainsi, quel que soit le choix de transmission de l'énergie choisi dans le cinquième mode de réalisation, il est immédiat que la force du rouage de finissage et, éventuellement celle de l'accumulateur d'énergie élastique, doivent être dimensionnées pour ne pas entraîner l'actionnement de la détente 517 autrement que par l'élément 513 de dégagement.Finally, as for the first four embodiments, the pivoting shaft 503 may comprise, directly or via an elastic energy accumulator, a pinion arranged to mesh with a finishing gear train to be connected to the mechanical power source and display the time. Thus, irrespective of the choice of transmission of the energy chosen in the fifth embodiment, it is immediate that the strength of the finishing gear train, and possibly that of the elastic energy accumulator, must be dimensioned so as not to trigger the actuation of the trigger 517 other than by the element 513 release.

Quel que soit le mode de réalisation, il est indiqué que l'arbre 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503 pivotant compte chaque oscillation du résonateur 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507. Cela signifie suivant la construction du résonateur 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507 que chaque oscillation est associée à un temps régulé prédéterminé. On comprend donc qu'à chaque mouvement de l'arbre 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503 pivotant est associé une durée prédéterminée propre à visualiser le temps qui passe comme sur n'importe quelle pièce d'horlogerie. Ainsi, suivant les démultiplications du rouage de finissage, il est possible d'afficher directement ou indirectement à partir d'un des mobiles du rouage de finissage, des informations horaires comme, par exemple, les secondes, les minutes, les heures ou une valeur de calendrier.Whatever the embodiment, it is indicated that the pivoting shaft 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503 counts each oscillation of the resonator 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507. This means, according to the construction of the resonator 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507 that each oscillation is associated with a predetermined regulated time. It is therefore understood that each movement of the shaft 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503 pivoting is associated with a predetermined time to visualize the time that passes as on any timepiece. Thus, according to the gear ratios of the gear train, it is possible to display directly or indirectly from one of the mobile of the work train, hourly information such as, for example, seconds, minutes, hours or a value calendar.

Quel que soit le mode de réalisation, la source d'énergie mécanique étant suffisamment chargée, un moyen de déblocage manuel agissant sur la levée 18, 118, 218, 318, 418, 518 d'arrêt peut être rendu nécessaire pour l'utilisateur afin de démarrer l'oscillateur 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501. En effet, suivant la configuration de l'oscillateur 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, il n'est exclu qu'un mouvement induit par l'utilisateur permettant le déplacement de l'organe 9, 109, 209, 309, 409, 509 d'inertie ne soit pas suffisant pour que l'élément 113, 213, 313, 413, 513 de dégagement actionne la détente 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517.Whatever the embodiment, the source of mechanical energy being sufficiently charged, a manual release means acting on the lift 18, 118, 218, 318, 418, 518 stop may be necessary for the user to to start the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501. Indeed, according to the configuration of the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, it is excluded that a movement induced by the user allowing the displacement of the member 9, 109, 209, 309, 409, 509 of inertia is not sufficient for the element 113, 213, 313, 413, 513 release actuates the trigger 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517.

Ainsi, à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif, un tel moyen de déblocage manuel pourrait prendre la forme d'une couronne ou d'un poussoir sur la carrure de la pièce d'horlogerie et commander un ergot agencé pour faire passer une dent de la denture 19, 119, 219, 319, 419, 519 d'échappement à la levée 18, 118, 218, 318, 418, 518 d'arrêt afin de fournir au résonateur 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507 l'énergie nécessaire pour démarrer l'oscillateur 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501.Thus, by way of non-limiting example, such a manual unlocking means could take the form of a crown or a pusher on the middle part of the timepiece and control a lug arranged to pass a tooth of the teeth 19, 119, 219, 319, 419, 519 stop exhaust 18, 118, 218, 318, 418, 518 to provide the resonator 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507 the energy required to start the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple illustré mais est susceptible de diverses variantes et modifications qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, suivant l'application souhaitée, le résonateur 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507 et/ou la détente 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517 peuvent être modifiés notamment quant à leur géométrie (organe d'inertie, détente) ou leurs guidages flexibles.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art. In particular, depending on the desired application, the resonator 7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507 and / or the detent 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517 can be modified especially as to their geometry ( inertia, relaxation) or their flexible guides.

De plus, les modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus sont susceptibles d'être combinés entre eux sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Il est également possible, alternativement à l'utilisation de l'anneau 127, de relier les butées 133, 233, 333, 433, 533 de dégagement de l'élément 113, 213, 313, 413, 513 de dégagement afin de coupler les deux secteurs 125 de l'organe 109, 209, 309, 409, 509 d'inertie comme, par exemple, en contournant latéralement et/ou verticalement l'arbre 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503 pivotant ou en traversant par un ajourage de l'arbre 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503. Il pourrait également être envisagé de relier les deux secteurs 125 par un autre moyen que l'anneau 127.In addition, the embodiments described above are capable of being combined with each other without departing from the scope of the invention. It is also possible, alternatively with the use of the ring 127, to connect the stops 133, 233, 333, 433, 533 of clearance of the element 113, 213, 313, 413, 513 of release in order to couple the two sectors 125 of the member 109, 209, 309, 409, 509 of inertia such as, for example, bypassing laterally and / or vertically the shaft 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503 pivoting or crossing through an opening of the shaft 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503. It could also be envisaged to connect the two sectors 125 by means other than the ring 127.

De manière additionnelle, des moyens anti-dégagements pourraient être ajoutés comme un bras de sécurité ou des moyens contre-inertiels agencés pour bloquer la détente 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517 lorsque le dégagement n'est pas souhaité, c'est-à-dire lorsque la détente 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517 serait déplacée autrement que par la levée 132, 232, 332, 432, 532 de dégagement, comme, par exemple, suite à un choc subit par l'oscillateur 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501.Additionally, anti-release means could be added such as a safety arm or counter-inertial means arranged to lock the trigger 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517 when the clearance is not desired. that is, when the trigger 17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517 would be displaced other than by the lift 132, 232, 332, 432, 532, as, for example, following a shock undergone by the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501.

Enfin, des moyens d'amortissement peuvent coopérer avec l'oscillateur 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, comme notamment avec l'arbre 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503, afin de le rendre moins sensible aux chocs.Finally, damping means can cooperate with the oscillator 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, as in particular with the shaft 3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503, in order to make it less sensitive to shocks.

Claims (14)

  1. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) comprising a pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503) connected to a mechanical energy source (2), an inertia-elasticity resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507) in one piece comprising a member (9, 109, 209, 309, 409, 509) forming said inertia fitted with a release element (13, 113, 213, 313, 413, 513) and a flexible structure (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511) forming said elasticity, which is mounted between the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503) and the member (9, 109, 209, 309, 409, 509) forming said inertia, a detent escapement (15, 115, 215, 315, 415, 515) comprising a single-piece detent (17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517) fixed to the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503), which comprises at least one flexible blade (16, 116, 116', 216, 316, 316', 416a, 416b, 416c, 416d, 516, 516') and a stop member (18, 118, 218, 318, 418, 518) arranged to elastically lock the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503) in relation to a concentric escapement toothing (19, 119, 219, 319, 419, 519), wherein the release element (13, 113, 213, 313, 413, 513) is arranged to elastically unlock the stop pallet (18, 118, 218, 318, 418, 518) in relation to the concentric escapement toothing (19, 119, 219, 319, 419, 519), by the movement of the member (9, 109, 209, 309, 409, 509) forming the inertia, so that the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503) counts each oscillation of the resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507) while transmitting to it the energy able to maintain it.
  2. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the flexible structure (11, 111, 211, 311, 411, 511) comprises at least one anchoring means (121, 221, 321, 421, 521) fixed to the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503) and flexible means (120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 220, 222, 224, 226, 320, 322, 324, 326, 420, 422, 424, 426, 520, 522, 524, 526) arranged to form a virtual pivot axis of the resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507) coincident with the centre of rotation of the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503).
  3. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the flexible means (120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 220, 222, 224, 226, 320, 322, 324, 326, 420, 422, 424, 426, 520, 522, 524, 526) comprise at least one base (120, 220, 320, 420, 520) respectively connecting the member (9, 109, 209, 309, 409, 509) forming said inertia and said at least one anchoring means (121, 221, 321, 421, 521) by at least one flexible blade (122, 124, 222, 224, 322, 324, 422, 424, 522, 524).
  4. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the member (9, 109, 209, 309, 409, 509) forming said inertia is formed by two sectors (125), wherein the inside surface of one of the sectors (125) comprises the release element (13, 113, 213, 313, 413, 513).
  5. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the release element (13, 113, 213, 313, 413, 513) comprises a flexible body (131, 231, 331, 431, 531), the free end of which is fitted with a discharging pallet (132, 232, 332, 432, 532), the movement of which, controlled by the member (9, 109, 209, 309, 409, 509) forming said inertia is arranged to come into contact with the single-piece detent (17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517) at each vibration of the resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507).
  6. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the release element (13, 113, 213, 313, 413, 513) additionally comprises a releasing stop (133, 233, 333, 433, 533) arranged to force the flexible body (131, 231, 331, 431, 531) to move the single-piece detent (17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517) in a single direction of the oscillations of the resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507).
  7. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the single-piece detent (17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517) comprises a single flexible blade (216), a detent stop (237) being fixed to said single flexible blade and arranged to come into contact with the release element (13, 113, 213, 313, 413, 513) on each vibration of the resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507).
  8. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the single-piece detent (17, 117, 217, 317, 417) comprises two parallel cross members (135, 136, 535, 536), wherein a first cross member (135, 535) is connected at a first end to the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503), and at a second end perpendicularly to a first flexible blade (116, 516), and a second cross member (136, 536) is connected at a first end to the stop pallet (118, 518) and at a second end perpendicularly to a second flexible blade (116', 516'), wherein the first and second flexible blades (116, 116', 516, 516') are parallel and respectively connected to the second and first cross members (136, 135, 536, 535).
  9. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the single-piece detent (17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517) comprises two parallel cross members (335, 336), wherein a first cross member (335) is connected at a first end to the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403) and perpendicularly to a first flexible blade (316), and a second cross member (336) is connected at a first end (336c) to the stop pallet (318) and at a second end (336a) perpendicularly to a second flexible blade (316'), wherein the first and second flexible blades (316, 316') are parallel and respectively connected to the second and first cross members (336, 335).
  10. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that the single-piece detent (17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517) comprises a detent stop (137, 337, 537) fixed to the second cross member (136, 336, 536), which is arranged to come into contact with the release element (13, 113, 213, 313, 413, 513) on each vibration of the resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507).
  11. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the single-piece detent (17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517) comprises first and second flexible and non-parallel blades (416a, 416b), each connecting the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503) to an attachment (435), wherein the attachment (435) is additionally connected to a third flexible blade (416d), the free end of which includes the stop pallet (418), and to a fourth flexible blade (416c) comprising a detent stop (437), which is arranged to come into contact with the release element (13, 113, 213, 313, 413, 513) on each vibration of the resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507).
  12. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pivoting staff (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503) comprises a pinion (141) arranged to mesh with a finishing train (5) in order to be connected to the mechanical energy source (2) and to display the time.
  13. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the pinion (141) is mounted to be idle on the pivoting staff (13, 113, 213, 313, 413, 513) by means of an elastic energy accumulator (143) in order to supply sufficient energy to maintain the resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507) during the impulse period.
  14. Oscillator (1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the single-piece resonator (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507) and the single-piece detent (17, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517) are formed in two fixed single plates forming two functional levels of the pivot axis (3, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503).
EP15187214.0A 2015-09-28 2015-09-28 Oscillator with rotary detent Active EP3147725B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15187214.0A EP3147725B1 (en) 2015-09-28 2015-09-28 Oscillator with rotary detent
US15/228,684 US9921547B2 (en) 2015-09-28 2016-08-04 Oscillator with rotating detent
TW105125184A TWI713564B (en) 2015-09-28 2016-08-08 Oscillator with rotating detent
JP2016181376A JP6243496B2 (en) 2015-09-28 2016-09-16 Vibrator having rotating detent part
KR1020160120021A KR101944586B1 (en) 2015-09-28 2016-09-20 Oscillator with rotating detent
CN201610855878.2A CN106557009B (en) 2015-09-28 2016-09-27 Oscillator with swing brake

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15187214.0A EP3147725B1 (en) 2015-09-28 2015-09-28 Oscillator with rotary detent

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3147725A1 EP3147725A1 (en) 2017-03-29
EP3147725B1 true EP3147725B1 (en) 2018-04-04

Family

ID=54238333

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15187214.0A Active EP3147725B1 (en) 2015-09-28 2015-09-28 Oscillator with rotary detent

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9921547B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3147725B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6243496B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101944586B1 (en)
CN (1) CN106557009B (en)
TW (1) TWI713564B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106557009B (en) 2019-05-07
EP3147725A1 (en) 2017-03-29
KR101944586B1 (en) 2019-01-31
KR20170037823A (en) 2017-04-05
US9921547B2 (en) 2018-03-20
CN106557009A (en) 2017-04-05
JP6243496B2 (en) 2017-12-06
TW201723690A (en) 2017-07-01
JP2017067770A (en) 2017-04-06
US20170090422A1 (en) 2017-03-30
TWI713564B (en) 2020-12-21

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