EP2241715A2 - House door with fiber reinforced plastic material and production method - Google Patents

Abstract

The front door (10) is provided with a profile strip, where the profile strip has a profile area (60), which is formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic material (35). The fiber-reinforced plastic material is made in pultrusion technology. The fiber-reinforced plastic material is a carbon fiber composite material. A door leaf (12) is provided with a door frame (57). An independent claim is also included for a method of manufacturing a front door.

Description

The invention relates to a front door for an exterior of a building with at least one profile strip, as shown in DE 296 17 479 U1 , of the EP 1 568 842 B1 as well as the EP 1 780 368 A2 is known. In addition, the invention relates to a manufacturing method thereof.

The DE 296 17 479 U1 discloses a front door with a front door leaf, in which aluminum profiles a door leaf frame is made and on the door leaf frame motif plates are mounted. Between the motif plates filling elements for heat and / or sound insulation can be provided.

In the EP 1 568 842 B1 a door leaf door is described for a front door, which identifies a door leaf frame made of light metal profiles. On the door leaf frame a sandwich panel is held as a door panel, which is formed of a motif plate and a cover plate and insulation material in between.

The EP 1 780 368 A2 discloses a front door with a front door leaf with door leaf frame, in which a door panel is inserted, which has a motif plate.

All doors described above have in common that they are usually made so that a most peripheral door leaf frame is provided on which the fittings are arranged. The door leaf frame is formed of a light metal such as an aluminum alloy.

In or on this door leaf frame then a door leaf filling is used. As a door leaf filling come to sandwich panels in question. These sandwich panels have motif plates, end plates and insulation material.

On the front door market, there are many companies that have specialized exclusively in the production of door leaf fillings, since the construction of a front door leaf of a door leaf frame and a door leaf filling is the usual construction of front doors.

Sandwich panels are usually introduced into the door leaf frame, as for example in the DE 296 17 479 U1 is disclosed.

In this case, the door leaf frame in addition connecting webs of poorly heat conductive material in order to avoid thermal bridges.

Such front doors have proven themselves in practice, but they have some disadvantages worthy of improvement.

Doors have a variety of features that they need to meet, including: a. they should have a thermal insulation.

Front doors in which a sandwich panel is inserted in a door leaf frame of light metal, must be additionally provided for thermal insulation with connecting webs of a material that conducts heat bad. This is costly to produce and increases costs compared to doors that do not require such heat-insulating measures, such as interior doors.

The from the EP 1 568 842 B1 known house doors, in which the sandwich panel is placed on the door leaf frame, offer advantages in that no large number of connecting webs from the poorly heat-conducting material are needed here. However, they also have a disadvantage, namely that a cover strip is provided, which is used as a cover and fastening of the sandwich panel. The cover strip is formed as Klipsprofil, ie it must be flexible to a degree. All loads are absorbed by the door leaf frame. Loads on the sandwich panel could lead to damage or damage to the optics.

The thermal insulation is ensured to a large extent by the insulating material of the sandwich panel whose thickness leads to a high door leaf depth in addition to the frame thickness.

Front doors should be designed in their construction but such that they oppose external influences such as a break-in attempt or natural forces the highest possible resistance, so as to prevent damage or at least complicate. Flexible components on the front door do not contribute to this.

The main argument for a front door remains the design, so that doors should have a high-quality visual appearance.

In addition, front doors should have the highest possible thermal insulation capacity, since weak points that allow higher heat to flow out of the building than their immediate surroundings have a negative impact on the energy efficiency of the building. Such vulnerabilities are generally found on the roof, windows and exterior doors. Therefore, especially these components should have a particularly good thermal insulation.

However, just in the structure in which a sandwich plate is inserted into a door leaf frame, such a thermal insulation is complex, since additional elements must be provided to fulfill this function. When placed on the frame of the frame structure is much easier, however, a large door leaf thickness is required for high thermal insulation, which can be detrimental to the opening and closing function, but also for the visual appearance.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a front door, which has a high resistance and the highest possible thermal insulation.

The object is achieved with a front door with the features of claim 1.

An advantageous manufacturing method for such a front door is the subject of the independent claim.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In order to make the front door for an outer end of a building particularly resistant, in the invention, at least for profile areas, which in particular form a frame structure or the like, to use a material that conducts heat only very poorly. For this purpose, the invention proposes that at least one profile strip, which is located on the front door, has at least one profile region, which is formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic material.

Fiber reinforced plastic material is a material that consists of reinforcing fibers and a plastic matrix. The fibers may be, for example, glass fibers or carbon fibers, but other types of fibers are known. The matrix surrounds the fibers bound to the matrix by adhesive and / or cohesive forces.

The reinforcing fibers are characterized by having high specific strengths and stiffnesses. Without the matrix material, however, these high specific strengths and stiffnesses are not usable, only by a suitable combination of fiber and matrix material creates a new construction material.

The mechanical and thermal properties of this construction material can be individually adjusted via a variety of parameters. Thus, different fiber or matrix materials can be used, the fiber angle can be adjusted, the layer order can be changed, or the fiber volume fraction can be increased or reduced depending on the desired properties. As a result, the profile strips can flow tailor-made tailor-made.

In addition to the strength, plastic materials generally have a low thermal conductivity and can therefore provide effective thermal insulation in conjunction with other thermal insulation devices.

The fiber-reinforced plastic material can advantageously be produced in a pultrusion technique for use in a profile region of a front door, since profiles can be produced in complicated shapes by this technique.

Preferably, the fiber reinforced plastic material is a carbon fiber composite material characterized by lower weight compared to fiber composites of other fiber types. This is particularly advantageous for front doors, which are often particularly bulky and heavy. The use of light materials reduces the weight and simplifies the operation of the front door. Also, clamping and injury risks when slamming the front door can be reduced, since on the one hand a small impulse occurs, on the other hand profile strips in their stiffness in the transverse and longitudinal direction can be adjusted.

In a preferred embodiment, the front door has a front door leaf with a door leaf frame, wherein the door leaf frame has at least one Türblattrahmenholm formed by one of the profile strips. Preferably, at least one partial profile region of at least one door leaf frame spar is manufactured from the fiber-reinforced plastic material.

Preferably, at least vertically arranged door leaf frame spars are wholly or partly made of fiber-reinforced plastic material. Not only in the case of an external influence such as a break-in but generally in operation, the greatest force acts on them, which is why a material with high rigidity and strength is preferred in this area. For example, forces are introduced via hinges, locks or other fittings in the vertical door leaf frame spars.

Preferably, the front door leaf for thermal insulation on a thermal insulation device with a nanoporous Dämmmaterial, which further enhances the heat insulation capacity of the front door leaf in addition to the door leaf frame beams made of the fiber-reinforced plastic material.

Nanoporous insulating material is a material consisting of particles with a size in the nm range. The particles preferably have a very large specific surface area due to a large number of pores. At this surface, gas molecules can easily accumulate by physical adsorption. For example, such a gas cushion is used for heat insulation, since gas generally has a low thermal conductivity. Since the molecules are adsorbed on the particle surface, they move only slightly, and convection conduction is prevented. Silica anhydrides with pores having a size in the nm range, which are generally referred to as pyrogenic or nanoporous silica, are used as the nanoporous insulating material.

Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to use packages containing nanoporous, e.g. granular loose, insulating material are filled to evacuate, so as to form particularly effective vacuum insulation panels.

In order to reinforce the thermal insulation, at least the profile strips, which form the two vertically arranged door leaf frame spars, at its profile region, which is formed from fiber-reinforced plastic material, an open to the inside of the door leaf groove which is at least partially filled by a foam insulation or fillable , The thermal insulation function of the front door increases further, although the profile strips that form the door leaf frame spars are filled in their interior with an insulating material, which is preferably a foam insulation. Therefore, it is advantageous if a groove is present through which the foam insulation can be introduced into the profile region of the profile strip. A profile bar shape which makes this possible is particularly easy to obtain from fiber-reinforced plastic material, e.g. is manufactured in Pultrusionstechnik.

The profile strip, which forms a door leaf frame spar, preferably comprises a second profile area designed as a hollow profile, which is either formed integrally with the first profile area of the fiber-reinforced plastic material or which is formed from a metal, in particular light metal, more particularly an aluminum alloy. This second profile region is preferably fastened to the first profile region, more particularly, it is positively secured thereto. Some particularly suitable high quality fiber reinforced plastic materials, such as e.g. CFRPs are relatively expensive compared to metal alloys used in home door construction. Therefore, it is advantageous to manufacture only a part of the moldings in Pultrusionstechnik from this material. Where, however, the resistance of the front door outweighs the cost factor, it is convenient to make the entire profile strip of the fiber-reinforced Kunsstoffmaterial, since the points where two different materials are attached to each other, can form weak points. In addition, a very compact, lightweight, but nevertheless optical door structure with high insulation value can be created.

The profile region of the door leaf frame spars formed of fiber-reinforced plastic material preferably forms a bevelled or rounded rebate region at least on the lock-side end side of the front door leaf. In particular, this has the technical effect that the front door, despite its robust and stable properties looks filigree. By rounding the front door seems much easier and more filigree. It can also be built much thicker without the front door leaf canted in the operation of the front door with narrow door columns on the door frame. Due to the bevel or rounding of the fold area, the front door looks even with thicker training light and delicate. Door gap dimensions can be reduced so that heat loss through door gaps is reducible and a high quality appearance is created.

The front door preferably has a door frame with Zargenholmen, wherein advantageously at least one of the Zargenholme is formed by one of the profile strips with the profile area of fiber-reinforced plastic.

In order to secure the front door against external influences, it is advantageous to make the door frame, at least in the stressed areas particularly resistant.

Advantageously, this profiled area formed of fiber-reinforced plastic material has, at least on the lock side frame spar, a beveled or rounded fold zone shape that is complementary to a beveled fold area of the front door leaf. With such a fold form, it is possible, as already mentioned above, to create a thicker door which does not tilt in the door frame and / or reduce the door gap.

The profile strip, which forms the Zargenholm, advantageously has a plurality of hollow profile elements which are interconnected via connecting webs.

These connecting webs are preferably formed from the fiber-reinforced plastic material and form with the formed of metal, in particular light metal such as aluminum alloys, hollow profile elements of the Zargenholmes a cavity which is filled with foam material for insulation, in particular PU foam. With such a structure, it is advantageous if the door frame has a good thermal insulation, and so thermal bridges to the outside of the building are prevented.

Preferably, at least one of the hollow profile elements is foamed inside with a foam insulation in order to insulate the door frame even more.

Furthermore, a door sill is advantageously provided, which is at least partially formed by one of the profile strips. Even in the area of the door sill, a thermal bridge can thus be avoided with a simple, robust construction and still create a long-lasting and robust counterbearing for a lower door seal.

Preferably, a Bodeneinstand is provided with a hollow frame profile element in the region of the threshold, with which a profiled strip forming the threshold, in particular made of a fiber-reinforced plastic material, is fastened by means of fastening elements. The fastening elements are preferably at least partially covered by the profile region of fiber-reinforced plastic.

The door threshold preferably comprises a metal outside to be arranged, upwardly projecting projecting area for the attack of a door leaf seal and an adjoining internally arranged strip area of fiber-reinforced plastic.

The metal projecting projection region is preferably made of light metal, in particular of an aluminum alloy. Such a structure results in a flat, thermally insulated threshold profile, which is protected on the outside against shocks and other influences.

In a preferred method for producing a front door, a profile strip is preferably produced for forming a door leaf frame spar of a front door leaf and / or a frame spar of the front door in pultrusion technology made of fiber-reinforced plastic. As a result, tailor-made heat-insulating profile strips, in particular for load-bearing frame elements, can be created, for example, in accordance with the flow of power.

Preferably, first the profile strips made of fiber-reinforced plastic are advantageously prepared in pultrusion technology.

From at least partially formed of fiber-reinforced plastic material profile strips are advantageously formed door leaf frame members of a door leaf frame.

Advantageously, a door leaf frame is made from the door leaf frame spars.

On the door leaf frame plates, for example, a motif plate and / or a cover plate are preferably attached, which at least partially form the broad sides of the front door leaf.

A door frame is advantageously made of hollow profile elements.

The hollow profile elements are preferably connected to one another via connecting webs which have been produced in pultrusion technology.

It is advantageous if the resulting cavity is foamed with foam insulation.

Preferably, in particular after attachment of a first of the plates, an insulating material layer of nanoporous insulating material is inserted into the door leaf. This structure can then be closed with a second plate. Remaining cavities are preferably foamed with foam insulation.

It is particularly advantageous if all the spars of the door leaf frame and / or the door frame are made of identically shaped profiled strips, since the production costs can be kept low by the same-part strategy. On the moldings, the required for different profile strip positions grooves and / or inserts may be present. In the case that these elements are not needed, they can be filled out later, eg through deposits.

• Fig. 1 einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform einer Haustür mit Haustürblatt und Türzarge;
• Fig.2 einen Vertikalschnitt durch die erste Ausführungsform der Haustür;
• Fig. 3 einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform der Haustür mit Haustürblatt und Türzarge;
• Fig. 4 einen Vertikalschnitt durch die zweite Ausführungsform der Haustür;
• Fig. 5 einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine dritte Ausführungsform der Haustür mit Haustürblatt und Türzarge und
• Fig. 6 einen Vertikalschnitt durch die dritte Ausführungsform der Haustür.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

• Fig. 1 a horizontal section through a first embodiment of a front door with front door leaf and door frame;
• Fig.2 a vertical section through the first embodiment of the front door;
• Fig. 3 a horizontal section through a second embodiment of the front door with front door leaf and door frame;
• Fig. 4 a vertical section through the second embodiment of the front door;
• Fig. 5 a horizontal section through a third embodiment of the front door with front door leaf and door frame and
• Fig. 6 a vertical section through the third embodiment of the front door.

Fig. 1 shows a horizontal cross section through a used as the outer end 8 of a building (not shown) door 10 with front door elements 11 in the form of a Haustürblatts 12 and a door frame 14th

The door frame 14 comprises a plurality Zargenholme 16, of which Fig. 1 only the vertically arranged Zargenholme the front door 10 are shown. You can see the lock-side Zargenholm 18 on the left in Fig. 1 and the band-side Zargenholm 20 on the right side of the Fig. 1 ,

The lock-side Zargenholm 18 includes a first profile strip 22. The first profile strip 22 has a plurality of hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26 on.

The first hollow profile element 24, 24 ', 24 "is formed larger than the second hollow profile element 26. The first hollow profile element 24, 24', 24" can, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown by dash-dotted lines, in different sizes (hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 "), depending on the need and construction of the masonry, are made.

The second hollow profile element 26 has an abutment mechanism 30 for a lock 31 arranged on the front door leaf 12. The two hollow profile elements 24, 26 are preferably made of a metal, namely here a light metal, more precisely an aluminum alloy.

The hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26 are connected to one another via a plurality of connecting webs 32, 34. The connecting webs 32, 34 are made of fiber-reinforced plastic material 35. As fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 is a carbon fiber composite material. A first connecting web 32 has a beveled or curved shape as a folded area shape 32 b, whereby the slope widens toward the outer area 36 of the front door 10. A second connecting web 34, which is located on the wall side of the door frame 14, has a straight profile web, which extends flush with the wall-side profile walls of the hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26 extends.

A first cavity 38, which is formed by the connection of the hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26 with the connecting webs 32, 34, is foamed with an insulating material 39, such as foam insulation, in particular PU foam.

The connecting webs 32, 34 have at their ends first dovetail-like projections 40 with which the connecting webs 32, 34 are positively engaged with trapezoidal groove formations on the hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26.

The first hollow profile element 24, 24 ', 24 "comprises a first groove 42, into which a first seal 44 can engage. The first seal 44 serves as an outer seal and engages on an outer edge region of the front door leaf 12.

The band-side frame member 20 is formed by a second profile strip 46, which is formed substantially identical to the first profile strip 22. One difference is that in the second hollow profile element 26 of the second profile strip 46 as a fitting 47 no abutment mechanism 30, but a first part 48 of a pivot mechanism 50, which is designed as a door hinge 51 is located.

The pivoting mechanism 50 includes a concealed hinge system, as more particularly disclosed in the German patent application DE 10 2009 004 210.5-23 is described. This patent application is incorporated by reference into the present application. It is expressly made to this non-prepublished German patent application for more details of the door hinge 51.

The front door leaf 12 has, on the lock side, a door latch 54 arranged on an inner region 52 and on the outer region 36 a rosette 55. In embodiments not shown, a front door handle is provided.

The front door leaf 12 has as a supporting or supporting element on a door leaf frame 57 formed of a plurality of door leaf frame beams 56. The door leaf frame spars 56 are formed from further profile strips 58, 58a. More specifically, the front door leaf 12 includes a third profile strip 58 on the lock side and a fourth profile strip 58 a on the hinge side. The third profile strip 58 forms a lock-side end face 59 of the front door leaf 12 and comprises a plurality of profile regions 60, 62. In the illustrated example, a first profile region 60 and a second profile region 62 intended. The first profile area 60 is in form engagement with the second profile area 62. The second profile area 62 is formed from a light metal, namely an aluminum alloy, and has a lock receiving area for receiving the lock 31. It includes a second groove 66 which receives a second seal 68.

The first profile region 60 of the third profile strip 58 has a first and a second strip element 74, 76. The first strip element 74 is larger than the second strip element 76. The first strip element 74 comprises two second dovetail-like projections 78 with which the two profile regions 60, 62 are fastened to one another in a form-fitting manner.

Towards the outside area 36 of the front door leaf 12, the first strip element 74 has a third groove 80, by means of which the first strip element 74 encloses a first plate 82 in the form of a motif plate 83 of the front door leaf 12. The motif plate 83 essentially forms a first broad side 84 of the front door leaf 12.

The first plate 82 is bent in the area in which it is enclosed by the first strip element 74 via the third groove 80 to the interior 86 of the Haustürblatts 12. The first strip element 74 has a rounding 88 in a folded region 89 and thus forms a convex end region 90.

The front door leaf 12 further comprises a second plate 92 in the form of a cover plate 94, which essentially forms a second broad side 96 of the Haustürblatts 12. The second plate 92 encloses and is supported by the second profile region 62.

The third profile strip 58 forms a spacer device 98, which holds the two plates 84, 96 forming the broad sides 84, 96 spaced. It forms with the plate 82 a box 100 of a box-lid construction 102, which is closed by the second plate 92 as a lid 104.

In the rounding 88 is a fourth groove 106. In this fourth groove 106, a third seal 108 is introduced.

The front door panel 12 further includes a thermal insulation device 112 to thermally isolate the exterior 36 from the interior 52. The thermal insulation device 112 usually has a plurality of insulating material layers 114 or insulation layers. The Dämmstofflagen 114 are part of a door panel 115 for the front door leaf 12th

The first strip element 74 and the second strip element 76 of the third profile strip 58 are positively connected to each other. The first strip element 74, the second strip element 76 and the second profile region 62 form a recess 116 in which one of the insulating material layers 114 is positively received and held, which is formed by a vacuum insulation panel 118 becomes. In the illustrated embodiment, this vacuum insulation panel has a silicic acid anhydride 120 in the form of pyrogenic or nanoporous silica 122.

The band-side frame member 20 is essentially formed by the fourth profile strip 58 a, which is identical to the third profile strip 58 and forms the band-side end face 124. As the sole difference, the second profile region 62 of the fourth profile strip 58a does not have the counter-bearing mechanism 30 in its interior, but rather a band-receiving region 126 for a second part 128 of the swivel mechanism 50.

The pivot mechanism 50 has a hinge formed by the door hinge 51, which connects the second hollow profile element 26 of the second profile strip 48 with the second profile region 62 of the fourth profile strip 58a. The lock 31 has one or more catch 132, which engages in a corresponding Schnäpperaufnahme 134 of the abutment mechanism 30 in the second hollow profile element 26 of the first profile strip 22. Further, a multiple locking device (not shown) is provided with a plurality of bars, which can be actuated by a key or the like or a motor lock for personal identification for locking and unlocking the front door.

The first broad side 84 is smaller, in particular narrower than the second broad side 96. At the end faces, the fold region 89 with the rounding 88 or in an alternative embodiment, not shown, of a bevel is provided as a transition from the narrow first broad side 84 to the broader second broad side 96 , The vacuum insulation panel 96 is formed as a package 136 and extends in the interior 86 of the Haustürblatts 12 parallel to the two broad sides 84, 96th

The arrangement of the vacuum insulation panel 96 results in two second cavities 138, which are foamed with a foam insulating material 140 forming a further insulating material layer 114. The foam insulating material 140 also foams a fifth groove 142 in the first strip element 74, which opens toward the interior 86 for the purpose of positive reception of the thermal insulation device 112.

The thermal insulation device 112 has further components, which are formed from fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 and connect the thermal insulation areas that are in contact with the outer region 36, with areas that are in contact with the inner region 52. The fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 has a very low thermal conductivity, whereby thermal bridges can be avoided, i. It acts as a thermally insulating material.

In each Zargenholm 16, the cavity 38 is additionally foamed by a foam insulation 142, so as to increase the thermal insulation capacity of the door frame 14 even further. In the front door leaf 12 acts in addition to the foam insulation 140 nor the vacuum insulation panel 118 as a thermal insulation board.

The vacuum insulation panel 118 is formed by flowable nanoporous insulating material 148, which has been filled as a particle medium in a film 150, which defines the basic shape of the package 136 as a shell 152 or envelope. Subsequently, the shell 152 is evacuated to press firmly against the particle medium. The package 136 thus has a vacuum.

Such a thermal insulation board has a much higher thermal insulation value than conventional foam insulation. Therefore, the thermal insulation function of the front door leaf 12 is increased by a multiple by the use of such a thermal insulation board.

The first strip element 74 of the first profile area 60 in the front door leaf 12 is likewise formed from fiber-reinforced plastic material 35. This prevents on the one hand because of the low thermal conductivity of this material, a thermal bridge, on the other hand it makes the front door leaf 12 due to the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 particularly in this area resistant. Especially this area is particularly stressed during operation.

Since the first connecting web 32 of the frame spar 16 is formed from the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35, the total area of the front door 10 is extremely robust and resistant.

The first strip element 74 of the third profile strip 58 and the first connecting web 32 of the Zargenholmes 16 are rounded - rounded 88 - and have a mutually complementary shape. This shape is designed such that the front door leaf 12 can be made thicker without the front door leaf 12 canted to the frame member 16. For differently shaped house door leaves would, in order to prevent this, the door gap 156 are widened. However, this door gap 156 can be kept narrow here due to the improved design, which contributes to the thermal insulation. The rounded shape also reduces the stress on the third seal 92 attached to the first ledge member 74 in the fourth groove 90.

The front door 10 has between the Zargenholm 16 and the front door leaf 12 has three seals 44, 68, 108. This results in the door gap 156 in the closed state of the front door 10, two air chambers 1158, 160. By a plurality of air chambers, it is possible to keep the convection of the air low, i. to form a convection barrier, thus hindering the heat exchange. As a result, the thermal insulation capacity of the front door 10 is further improved.

The rounding 88 of the first strip element 74 of the third profile strip 58 also causes the front door leaf 12 looks elegant and filigree. It is therefore possible even thick doors that by their thickness can absorb a large amount of thermal insulation materials inside, to make them look elegant and filigree.

Fig. 2 shows a vertical cross section through the front door 10 with the front door leaf 12 and the door frame 14th

Since the front door 10 is constructed on the same principle, the vertical direction differs from the horizontal direction only by the bottom portion 162. In the following, only the components that differ from the in Fig. 1 different components described. The same components bear the same reference numerals and the description is not repeated.

In the floor area 162, the front door 10 has a threshold profile 164 of a door sill 166 instead of a frame spar 16. The door sill 166 comprises a third hollow profile element 168 and a Bodeneinstand 170. The third hollow profile element 168 and the Bodeneinstand 170 are fastened by a plurality of fasteners 172, in particular screws, to each other.

The third hollow profile element 168 is embedded in the bottom 174 and formed in the example shown here from the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35. The hollow profile element 168 has, in the illustrated example, two hollow chambers 176, 178, which may be reinforced by metal cantilevers 180.

The bottom recess 170 comprises an outside area 182 and an inside area 184. Both areas 182, 184 are formed of metal, in particular light metal, such as an aluminum alloy. The outside area 182 has a metal profile element with a projection area 188 with a projection 190 to which a fourth seal 194 attached to the lower front side 192 of the front door leaf 12 abuts.

The outside area 182 and the inside area 184 of the bottom fence 170 are connected to each other by a connecting piece 196. In the in Fig. 2 illustrated first embodiment, the connector 196 has a profile shaped like a dog bone.

The fastening elements 172 are covered with a web 198, which is preferably formed from the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35.

In addition to the fourth seal 194, the front door leaf 12 also has the second seal 68 at the bottom area 176. In contrast to the horizontal area of the front door 10, the in Fig. 1 is shown, the vertical portion of the front door 10 in the bottom area 176 only two instead of three seals.

In addition, the first strip element 74 in the bottom region 176 does not surround the first plate 82, but here it overlies the first strip element 74.

The use of the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 is in the bottom portion 176 of advantage, since here too, depending on the load, large forces can act, on the other hand, the avoidance of thermal bridges is useful here. The floor area 176 is thereby more robust and resistant, yet thermally insulated.

For reasons of stability, it is advantageous that both the outside area 182 and the inside area 184 of the bottom fence 170 are fastened, each with its own fastening element 172, to the third hollow profile element 168.

The protrusion 190 of the outside area 182 avoids the ingress of dirt or precipitate over the door sill 166.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a second embodiment of the front door 10 with the front door leaf 12 and the door frame 14, wherein Fig. 3 a horizontal cross section and Fig. 4 a vertical cross section through the front door 10 shows.

The elements used in the second embodiment according to Fig. 3 and 4 Find use, little differ from the elements of the first, in Fig. 1 and 2 shown and described above embodiment. In the following, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described. The same elements are provided with the same reference numerals and their description will not be repeated.

In the horizontal area, the first differs from the second embodiment only in that no second strip element 76 is present in the first profile area 60 of the third profile strip 58. For this reason, the vacuum insulation panel 96 is not held in a form-fitting manner between the first profile area 60 and the second profile area 62, but is preferably fastened to the second profile area 62 in a material-locking manner. This simplifies production and makes it more cost effective, since a strip element has to be produced less.

In the bottom region 162, the two embodiments differ, as in FIG Fig. 4 shown in that the connecting piece 196 is not shaped like a dog bone, but is provided with an annular ridge portion 200. The connector 196 thus fills the entire space 202 between the outside area 182 and the inside area 186 of the bottom panel 170, thus making the structure even more stable.

Instead of the fourth seal 194, which is larger than the other seals 44, 68 used in the first embodiment, a smaller fifth seal 204 is used, which is fastened with a connecting profile 206 to the second groove 66 in the first profile region 60. The fifth seal 204 is inserted into a sixth groove 208 in the connection profile 206. This makes it possible to use the same seals everywhere, which reduces logistics and storage costs. The connection profile 206 has a support portion 210 which is complementary to the rounding 88 and is supported thereon. The support region 210 supports a protruding lower edge region 212 of the motif plate 83.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show a third embodiment of the front door 10 with the front door leaf 12 and the door frame 14, wherein Fig. 5 a horizontal and Fig. 6 a vertical cross section through the front door 10 shows.

Again, only the differences from the other two embodiments will be described. Like reference numerals refer to corresponding elements, the description of which is not repeated.

The third embodiment differs from the other two embodiments in that the two profile regions 60, 62 of the third profile strip 58 are formed as regions of a one-piece hollow profile 214, which is formed entirely from the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35.

This increases the resistance of the Haustürblatts 12, since there are no longer any possible vulnerabilities through connecting areas between strip elements. Also causes the replacement of the metal of the second profile portion 62 by the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 even better thermal insulation, since now no good heat-conducting material on the third profile strip 58 is more available. In addition, a separate production of light metal profiles and the connection thereof with the profiles made of the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 profile areas omitted.

The vacuum insulation panel 118 is smaller than in the other two embodiments and attached via an adhesive connection 216 to the second profile portion 62. Since no metallic and thus no good heat-conducting material is more present in the interior 86 of the Haustürblatts 12, insulation material can be saved, which makes the structure cheaper.

In the third embodiment, the Bodeneinstand 170 is integrally formed of fiber reinforced plastic material 35. The fasteners 172 are only individually covered with a small, also made of fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 cover 218. The projection 190 is additionally reinforced and sealed with an outer seal 220.

Also in the bottom area 162, the material used contributes to a better thermal insulation and greater robustness of Bodeneinstands 170.

Although the fiber reinforced plastic material 35 has certain advantages in terms of its resistance and thermal insulation ability to metal materials. In most cases, it is much more expensive. Therefore, it is advantageous if various embodiments are available, which have different proportions of the respective material. Thus, the client can decide after weighing the cost-benefit factor for a suitable solution for him.

The production of the front door 10 is described below using the example of the first embodiment, in the Fig. 1 and 2 is shown described.

In pultrusion technique, the connecting webs 32, 34 and the strip elements 74, 76 and the profile region 62 of the third profile strip 58 are formed. Furthermore, also in Pultrusionstechnik the areas 182, 184 of Bodeneinstands 170, the connecting piece 196 and a web 198 are formed.

For this purpose, reinforcing fibers are impregnated with resin either in an open or a closed process.

In an open process, the reinforcing fibers are guided via a dipping roller from their positions into a resin trough (also impregnated trough). A Kadier grid ensures the desired distribution of the fibers in the later profile. These are soaked in a resin tank with synthetic resin and pass through several preform stations, which bring the fiber resin mixture closer and closer to the desired final shape. In the closed process, the entire reinforcing fibers only come into contact with the resin in the forming tool - but then at elevated pressure.

Once in the mold, the thermosetting plastic is continuously cured at temperatures between 100 and 200 ° C (depending on the material) (hot curing process). For large-volume profiles, care should be taken to ensure that the heat distribution is as constant as possible in order to prevent cracks. The cured profile is then sawn into arbitrarily long pieces. The entire process is performed by a drawing tool z. B. in the form of a caterpillar take-off or reversing hydraulic grippers in motion, which pulls the finished profile and thus the fibers together with the resin and the reinforcing material from the curing tool.

Further, in the usual way for the production of aluminum alloy profiles, the hollow profile elements 24, 26 and the second profile portion 62 of the third profile strip 58 produced by forming. Forming is the generic term for all manufacturing processes in which metals are purposefully plastically converted into another shape. In this case, a urgeformtes (= cast) starting material (a strand of the continuous casting or a block from the ingot casting) is converted into semi-finished (first processing stage) or workpieces from the semi-finished produced (second processing stage). The volume before and after the forming is the same; the mass and cohesion of the material are retained during forming. There is a distinction between cold and hot forming. During hot forming, recrystallization regularly occurs, which counteracts solidification of the material. Cold forming refers to a deformation below the recrystallization temperature. In her case, it comes to a solidification with reduced toughness.

The two hollow profile elements 24, 26 are connected via form engagement with connecting webs 32, 34 to the first profile strip 22, which forms an element of the door frame 14. The resulting first cavity between the two hollow profile elements 24, 26 and the connecting webs 32, 34 is foamed with an insulating material 39.

Likewise, the first and second strip elements 74, 76 are connected to the first profile area 60 of the third profile strip 58. The first profile region 60 thus formed is connected to the second profile region 62 to form the third profile strip 58 via a form engagement.

If the dimensions of an ordered front door are known, suitable lengths are cut from these raw profiles. From the third profile strips 58 of the door leaf frame 57 is formed. From the first profile strips 22, the door frame is formed.

To produce the vacuum insulation panel 118, the procedure is as follows:

The nanoporous insulating material 148 comprising nanoporous silica 122 is packed in the foil 150 in a shape that dictates the exterior shape of the package 136. The film 150 is sealed and during the closing of this resulting package 136 is evacuated.

To the first profile region 60 of the third profile strips 58 forming the door leaf frame 57, one of the two plates 82, 92, e.g. the motif plate 83 mounted to form the box 100 of the box-lid construction 102.

The vacuum insulation panel 118 is inserted, a foam insulation 140 is introduced, and then the box 100 is fitted with a second panel 92, e.g. closed in the form of a cover plate 94. In this state, the foaming of the remaining cavities of the Haustürblatts done by means of the foaming Schaumdämmstoffs 140th

Then, fittings such as the lock 31, the door hinges 51, the abutment mechanism 30, the swing mechanism 50, the door latch 54 and the rosette 55 are attached.

In addition, the seals 44, 68, 108, 194 are inserted into the corresponding grooves. This step can also be done before cutting the raw profiles.

The door is delivered to the construction site and installed there.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

8th

exterior doors

10

front door

11

Door elements

12

Door Leaf

14

door frame

16

frame member

18

lock-side frame spar

20

hinge-side frame spar

22

first profile bar

24

first hollow profile element

24 '

first hollow profile element

24 "

first hollow profile element

26

second hollow profile element

30

Platen mechanism

31

lock

32

first connecting bridge

32b

Falzbereichsform

34

second connecting bridge

35

fiber-reinforced plastic material

36

outdoors

38

first cavity

39

insulation

40

first dovetailed protrusions

42

first groove

44

first seal

46

second profile strip

47

fitting

48

first part

50

swivel mechanism

51

hinge

52

interior

54

door handle

55

rosette

56

Door leaf frame spar

57

Door Frame

58

third profile strip

58a

fourth profile strip

59

lock side end face

60

first profile area

62

second profile area

64

Castle reception area

66

second groove

68

second seal

74

first strip element

76

second strip element

78

second dovetailed protrusions

80

third groove

82

first plate

83

motive plate

84

first broadside

86

Interior

88

rounding off

89

folding area

90

convex forehead area

92

second plate

94

cover plate

96

second broadside

98

Spacer means

100

box

102

Box lid construction

104

cover

106

fourth groove

108

third seal

112

thermal insulation means

114

insulation material layer

115

Door leaf filling

116

recess

118

vacuum insulating

120

silicic

122

silica

124

hinge side end face

126

Tape recording area

128

second part

130

swivel

132

Catches

134

Schnäpperaufnahme

136

package

138

second cavities

140

Foam insulation (front door leaf)

142

fifth groove

144

Foam insulation (frame)

148

nanoporous insulating material

150

foil

152

shell

156

door gap

158

first air chamber

160

second air chamber

162

floor area

164

sill profile

166

threshold

168

third hollow profile element

170

floor recess

172

fasteners

174

ground

176

hollow

178

hollow

180

Metal square tube

182

outside area

184

inside area

188

projection portion

190

head Start

192

lower front side

194

fourth seal

196

joint

198

web

200

annular connector

202

gap

204

poetry

206

connection profile

208

sixth groove

210

support area

212

lower edge area

214

one-piece hollow profile

216

adhesive bond

218

cover

220

external coating

Claims (15)

Front door (10) for an outer end (8) of a building with at least one profiled strip,
characterized,
in that at least one profile strip has at least one profile area (60) which is formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic material (35). Front door (10) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the fiber-reinforced plastic material (35) is made in pultrusion. Front door (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the front door (10) has a front door leaf (12) with a door leaf frame (57), wherein the door leaf frame (57) has at least one door leaf frame spar (56) formed by one of the profile strips. Door (10) according to claim 3,
characterized,
in that at least the door leaf frame spars (56) to be arranged vertically consist wholly or partly of fiber-reinforced plastic material (35). Front door (10) according to one of claims 3 or 4,
characterized,
in that the front door leaf (12) has a thermal insulation device (112) for thermal insulation which has a nanoporous insulating material (148). Front door (10) according to one of claims 3 to 5,
characterized,
in that the profile strips (58, 58a) forming preferably at least the two door leaf frame spars (56) to be vertically arranged have a groove (142) open to the inside of the front door leaf (12) on their profile region (60) formed from fiber-reinforced plastic material (35), is at least partially filled by a foam insulation (140) of a thermal insulation device (112) of the front door leaf (12). Front door (10) according to one of claims 3 to 6,
characterized,
in that the profile strip forming a door leaf frame spar (56) has a second profile region (62) formed as a hollow profile, which is formed integrally with the first profile region (60) of the fiber-reinforced plastic material (35) or of a metal, in particular light metal, more particularly one Aluminum alloy, is formed and on the first profile region (60), preferably a form-fitting, is attached. Door (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the front door (10) has a door frame (14) with frame bars (16), wherein at least one of the frame bars is formed by one of the profile strips with the profile area of fiber-reinforced plastic material (35). Door (10) according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the forming the at least one frame member (16) profiled strip has a plurality of hollow profile elements (24, 26) via connecting webs (32, 34) are connected to each other,
in that the connecting webs (32, 34) are formed from the fiber-reinforced plastic material (35) and form a cavity (38) with the hollow profile elements (24, 26), preferably made of metal, more particularly light metal such as aluminum alloys or the like, which are provided with insulating material (39 ), preferably foam insulation, in particular PU foam, is filled. Front door (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that a door sill (166) is provided which is at least partially formed by one of the profile strips. Front door (10) according to claim 10,
characterized,
in that a floor recess (170) with a hollow profile element (168) is provided in the area of the door sill (166), with which the profile strip forming the door sill (166) is fastened by means of fastening elements (172), wherein the fastening elements (172) at least through a part of the profile area of fiber-reinforced plastic material (35) are covered. Front door (10) according to one of claims 10 or 11,
characterized,
in that the door sill (166) consists of a metal outwardly projecting upwardly projecting projection area (188) for engaging a seal (194) and one thereon subsequent inside to be arranged strip area of fiber-reinforced plastic material (35). Method for producing a front door (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by
Producing a profile strip for forming a door leaf frame spar (56) and / or a frame spar (16) of the front door (10) in pultrusion technique of fiber-reinforced plastic material (35). Method according to claim 13,
characterized by : a) Manufacture of door leaf frame spars (56) of a door leaf frame (57) of profile strips, which are at least partially formed of fiber-reinforced plastic material (35) in Pultrusionstechnik and
Producing the door leaf frame (57) from a plurality of the door leaf frame spars (56) and
Fixing plates (82, 92) which at least partially form the broad sides (84, 96) of the front door leaf (12) to the door leaf frame (57), d) producing a door frame (14) from hollow profile elements (24, 26), which are connected to each other via pultrusion connection webs (32, 34), wherein the resulting cavity (38) is foamed with foam insulation. Method according to claim 14,
characterized by the steps b) providing an insulating material layer (114) of nanoporous insulating material (148) and inserting the insulating material layer (114) into the front door leaf (12), c) lathering the insulating material layer (114) with foam insulation.

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