Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
  • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/002—Horizontal gasifiers, e.g. belt-type gasifiers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/72—Other features
  • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
  • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
  • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
  • C10J2200/154—Pushing devices, e.g. pistons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
  • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
  • C10J2200/158—Screws
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
  • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
  • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
  • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
  • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for the variable power gasification of products such as biomass and organic by-products (plants, animals, household waste, sewage sludge), it being understood that:
• Gasification means a thermochemical process for converting a solid fuel into a gaseous fuel. It is an incomplete combustion because it must lead to combustible chemicals.
• Combustion means an exothermic chemical reaction with rapid oxidation of a fuel.
• Gasifier means a reactor that transforms a solid fuel into a gaseous fuel.
• Reactor means an enclosure that allows thermochemical transformations.
• Sole means a surface on which rests the organic material to be treated, composed of openwork elements such as grids.
• Sky means a single empty zone above the bed where the oxidation reactions take place.
• biomass we mean all carbon products directly or indirectly derived from photosynthesis and in particular but not limited to plants, animals, various organic waste, including household waste, sewage sludge, etc.
• patent FR No. 78 31356 describes a fixed-bed gasifier comprising a horizontal treatment chamber in which the materials to be treated are introduced by one of the ends, and are then driven inside the chamber by a device driving to a discharge opening formed in the lower part of the wall of the chamber at its second end. Between the two ends of the chamber, the wall comprises two outlets spaced apart from one another, namely:
• a first outlet located on the side of the first end of the chamber, and a second outlet which constitutes the gas outlet of the gasifier.
• the first outlet is connected by a recirculation circuit to an injection nozzle, located beneath a preheated air injector, so that the hot gases produced by the reaction of the recirculated gases and the air preheated are injected towards the first end of the chamber, at a level corresponding to that of the base of the slope formed in front of the materials contained in the chamber.
• the particles of matter closest to the opening are attacked by the hottest gases (approximately 1 200 0 C) so that the ash is rejected after the carbon has been completely gasified.
• This solution has the particular advantage of reducing the drying time and pyrolysis due to the forced circulation of hot gas generated by recycling.
• the use of hot gases is optimized for complete and rapid gasification.
• the disadvantage of the solution as described in this document is that it does not include a self-adapting structure capable of optimizing the gasification process as a function of the flow of treated material or, conversely, depending on the energy power demanded, and this, for flow rates or variable powers in relatively wide ranges.
• FR No. 80 16854 proposes to improve the previously described treatment process by passing through the material to be treated by a heated gas stream resulting from the recycling, not axially as previously, but transversely to the longitudinal direction of progression of materials being processed in the room.
• the treatment chamber comprises a succession of treatment modules each having its own recycling means, air intake and fuel gas extraction. This is a relatively expensive solution.
• the goal that this solution aims to achieve is an optimization of the flow characteristics of the gases through the layer of material traversed and not to adapt the operation of the treatment chamber as a function of the flow of material and / or the energy power required, because of the presence of several oxidation zones and a single gasification zone.
• This process comprises in particular the following main stages:
• the patent application FR 2 263 290 has for its object a method and a plant for treating asphaltic shale and asphaltic limestone by pyrogenation.
• This process consists mainly in a treatment in a vertical gas furnace of rocks containing exploitable organic matter and in particular bituminous shale in which these rocks are subjected first to a pyrogenation reaction and then to a gasification reaction.
• This process is characterized in that:
• the various gases required are injected into the zone where the gasification reaction is triggered at different levels, the dosing and mixing operations of these gases being regulated automatically in devices situated outside the furnace; and in that • after its extraction from the reaction zone and before leaving the oven, the mineral residue is cooled in the lower part of the oven, using a closed circuit gas with heat recovery.
• the invention therefore more particularly aims a gasification process which allows in particular to adapt the operation of the treatment chamber depending on the nature of the material and / or the energy power required through a functional adaptation of the chamber without significant physical changes, and without significantly increasing the cost of installation.
• This method involves an installation which comprises a reactor comprising a treatment chamber in which the materials to be treated successively pass through a drying / pyrolysis zone of variable dimensions in which a pyrolysis gas extraction is carried out, followed by a cooling zone. gasification of variable dimensions in which a synthesis gas extraction is carried out, the pyrolysis gas extracted in the drying / pyrolysis zone being injected into the sky of the reactor with an oxidizing gas, so as to generate an exothermic oxidation reaction providing the necessary energy for pyrolysis and gasification reactions.
• the dimensions and / or the position of the drying / pyrolysis and gasification zones are regulated according to the quantities of material to be treated introduced into the treatment chamber, of their nature. in particular their particle size and their degree of hygrometry and / or energy power requirements, and in that the combustible material circulates substantially horizontally through a pusher or the like to advance the combustible material upstream to the downstream of the reactor.
• the treatment chamber may comprise, between the drying / pyrolysis zone and the gasification zone, a mixed zone in which either pyrolysis gas extraction or synthesis gas extraction can be carried out, the type of extraction carried out in this zone being determined as a function of the quantities of materials introduced into the treatment chamber, the nature of this material and / or the energy power requirements.
• At least one of the aforementioned zones may comprise several controllable successive gas extraction areas, the variation of the dimensions and / or the position of said zones being obtained by a partial or total deactivation of said areas.
• the invention also relates to a gasification plant for implementing the previously defined process, this installation comprising a fixed bed reactor which comprises a treatment chamber comprising a hearth on which circulates substantially horizontally the bed of combustible material, said bed being divided into at least three areas, namely:
• a first upstream zone where only a drying / pyrolysis process is carried out this zone being connected to means for extracting the variable-rate pyrolysis gas, these extraction means being connected to an extraction circuit; common pyrolysis gas connected to a burner supplied with an oxidizing gas such as air or oxygen and arranged to generate an exothermic oxidation reaction in the sky of the reactor chamber, the latter bringing the energy needed reactions of pyrolysis, gasification and degradation of tars or other organic molecules contained in the pyrolysis gases,
• this zone downstream being equipped with variable flow extraction means of the synthesis gas obtained by this gasification process, connected to a common extraction circuit synthesis gas,
• this multifunctional zone located between the first and last zone, this multifunctional zone possibly being totally or partially a drying / pyrolysis zone, and / or totally or partially a gasification zone, and / or totally or partially deactivated, and is connected to extraction means connected on the one hand to the common pyrolysis gas extraction circuit via an adjustable flow circuit and on the other hand to the common synthesis gas extraction circuit by via an adjustable flow circuit.
• the zone of the processing chamber corresponding to this extraction means or this circuit is made at least partially inactive. It thus becomes possible to distribute the active and inactive zones of the treatment chamber according to the nature of the material to be treated, the quantities of material to be treated and / or the desired energy power.
• the presence of the multifunction intermediate zone in which the extraction means can be connected to the pyrolysis gas extraction circuit or the synthesis gas extraction circuit notably makes it possible to axially move the location where the separation takes place. between the pyrolysis gas extraction zone and the synthesis gas extraction zone.
• the speed of circulation of the combustible material to be treated, inside the treatment chamber may be variable and may be adjusted according to the quantities of material to be treated and / or the energy power requirements; the relative flow rates; the oxidant injected into the reactor and the extraction of the gasification fuel gas may be adjusted so as to keep the reactor in depression,
• the energy power produced can be regulated by the supply of combustible material, the speed of displacement of the combustible material by means of a piston or the like, the flow rate and the quality of the injected oxidant, the volume of the pyrolysis, the recirculation rate, the volume of the gasification zone, the gasification gas extraction rate.
• this sector comprises at least one equipment whose particular purpose is:
• This treatment equipment (tar condenser) is preferably designed so as to effect a wet treatment of the gas at ambient conditions, with a cooling step which takes place on a gas-exchanger. tube water to recover the sensible heat of the synthesis gas and to separate the tars from gas.
• This three-fluid exchanger may comprise a plurality of vertical tubes in which the synthesis gas circulates and means for generating in the tubes a falling film formed by a circulation of oil. This falling film has the effect of trapping dust and tars, thus preventing clogging of the tubes.
• the cyclic oil withdrawal keeps its quality by deconcentrating it by adding new fluid.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a fixed bed gasification plant
• FIG. 2 is an elevational view partially broken away of a three-fluid exchanger-condenser device that can be used in the installation shown in FIG. 1.
• the gasification plant uses a fixed-bed reactor 1 of tabular shape, for example of circular or polygonal section, comprising a treatment chamber 8.
• This reactor 1 and this chamber 8 are connected to one of their ends (upstream) to a fuel supply system 2 and comprise at the other downstream end an ash extraction system 3.
• the supply system 2 here comprises a worm conveyor 4 or any equivalent device disposed in the storage area 5 of the combustible material.
• This conveyor 4 debits on a belt conveyor 6 which feeds a vertical airlock 7 which opens inside the processing chamber 8 of the reactor 1 to the right of a discharge area 9 of the spill bed in said chamber 8.
• the material delivered by the airlock 7, on this discharge area 9, is pushed towards the inside of the chamber 8 by a pusher 10 reciprocating.
• the floor of the treatment chamber 8 is formed by a succession of gas extraction areas on which the bed of combustible material can circulate under the driving effect of the pusher 10.
• This hearth comprises one or more grids 11 to 15 covering parts under each of which is arranged a hopper T 1 to T 5 , the lower part is provided with a shutter or register 16 to 20 for allowing the evacuation of particles fines of material passing through the gate or grids 11 to 15.
• the hearth successively comprises two pyrolysis gas extraction areas (grids 11 and 12), two mixed or polyvalent extraction areas (grids 13 and 14) and a gas extraction area of synthesis (grid 15).
• the hoppers T 1 to T 4 are each connected to the suction inlet of a pyrolysis gas extraction circuit 21 and a turbine 23, via suction ducts 24, 25, 26. , 27 equipped with valves 28, 29, 30, 31.
• the hoppers T 3 , T 4 , T 5 are connected to the suction inlet of a synthesis gas extraction circuit 37 via suction ducts 31 ', 32, 33 equipped with Valves 34, 35, 36.
• the extraction circuit 37 comprises successively the primer of a gas / air heat exchanger 38 and, optionally, a gas purification die 39. It is connected to the suction inlet a turbine 40 whose output is connected, for example, to a synthesis gas distribution network.
• the downstream end of the treatment chamber 8 is provided with an ash extraction well 41 whose lower end is immersed in water 42 contained in an ash recovery tank 43 which extends below the treatment chamber 8.
• shutters (or registers) 16 to 20 are connected to sleeves M which dive into the water of the tank 43.
• the particles of ash or combustible material collected by the tank are driven by a conveyor 44 and discharged to a height higher than the water level of the tank 43 in a storage area of ash and residue 45.
• the turbine 23 of the pyrolysis gas extraction circuit is connected via its outlet to a burner 50 which injects into the sky of the treatment chamber 8 a gaseous mixture comprising the pyrolysis gas and an oxidant which may consist of preheated air from a circuit 46 passing through the secondary of the heat exchanger 38 and a turbine 47 or oxygen from a distribution circuit 48 controlled by a valve 49.
• the start of the installation is also ensured by a burner B using natural gas from a circuit C controlled by a solenoid valve E. This burner B is kept in service until the reaction temperature is reached.
• the gases are extracted at a temperature of the order of 500 ° C. to 700 ° C.
• a processor P which controls the feed rate of the fuel cell lock, the state of the registers 16 to 19 and the valves 28 to 31 and 34 to 36, the speed of rotation of the turbines 23, 40 , 47, the rotational speed of the drive motor of the conveyor 44 which ensures the extraction of ashes and residues.
• This processor is also connected to detectors (including a temperature detector DT and a pressure detector DP) to measure the various parameters of the installation useful for the regulation and security.
• detectors including a temperature detector DT and a pressure detector DP
• a loop for regulating the temperature of the pyrolysis gases by acting on the recirculation flow rate of the pyrolysis gases This action can be performed by adjusting the speed of the turbine; the temperature of the pyrolysis gas reflects the temperature in the reactor and the quality of pyrolysis.
• the angle of inclination of the hearth of the reaction chamber although in the example previously described the sole is substantially horizontal, it is of course possible to provide a sole having a predetermined inclination, - the speed of advance of the material to be treated on the sole,
• the gasification plant has the following advantages:
• a gas generator designed for an average power of IMW can see its power vary from several hundreds of kW to several
• the power changes can be made instantly and very easily (total automation) without impacting the quality of the synthesis gas.
• the high recycling rate makes it possible to momentarily turn the system into a standby mode without any negative effect at the moment when the nominal speed is reached. Just slow down the oxidizer inputs, which allows a great reactivity and, if the situation continues, to slow the entry of the solid.
• This regulating ability is essential because for certain applications (cogeneration or pure thermal), it is necessary to compensate instantaneous heating value variations by inversely proportional variation of flow in order to maintain a constant power. For other uses, it is necessary to be able to follow instantly the demand of power.
• the gas purification die 39 may consist of a tar condenser comprising a tabular vertical column CT closed at its two ends and whose interior volume comprises from top to bottom:
• An exchanger 53 defined by two radial partitions 54, 55 axially spaced and traversed by a plurality of vertical tubes 56 which extend axially between said partitions 54, 55.
• the volume 57 defined by the tubes 56, the two partitions 54, 55 and the wall of the column CT being filled with water which circulates countercurrently between a water inlet duct 58 located in the lower part and a water outlet duct 58 'situated in the upper part.
• An oil reservoir 61 in which is arranged a double wall in which runs a tubing or other device 62 in a coil whose object is to cool the oil and preheat the water and one of the ends 63 is connected to the water inlet 58 while the other end is connected to a water supply circuit 64 (cold).
• the bottom of the column CT which constitutes the bottom of the oil reserve 61 has a conical shape in the center of which is disposed an orifice connected to an oil drain pipe 65.
• the synthesis gas constitutes the fluid to be treated. Water is used as the main heat transfer fluid which absorbs some of the heat released by the gas.
• the oil used to capture the tars also acts as a secondary heat transfer fluid to preheat the water.
• the gas that enters the inlet chamber 51 at a relatively high temperature passes through the exchanger 53 from top to bottom inside the tubes 56 while cooling in contact therewith.
• the water After having been preheated in the coil 62, the water passes through the exchanger 53 from bottom to top while heating in contact with the tubes 56.
• the oil which is fed into the admission chamber 51 enters the tubes 56 by overflow and forms films falling along the inner walls of the tubes 56 before finally reaching the reserve 61.
• the sensible heat of the gas is transferred to the water by passing through the oil films and the walls
• the tars present in the gas are captured by the oil films during the direct tar / oil contact.
• the oil present in the reserve 61 can be withdrawn regularly by means of the bleed pipe 65.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2007
  • 2007-03-26 FR FR0702279A patent/FR2914314B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-03-26 WO PCT/FR2008/000407 patent/WO2008132354A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2008-03-26 EP EP08787852A patent/EP2129748A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-03-26 JP JP2010500317A patent/JP2010522793A/ja active Pending
  • 2008-03-26 CN CN200880009919A patent/CN101646752A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-03-26 CA CA002680135A patent/CA2680135A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-03-26 BR BRPI0809421-7A2A patent/BRPI0809421A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2008-03-26 US US12/593,245 patent/US20100107494A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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