EP2010713B1 - Track and method for production of prefabricated concrete panels - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a track for rail vehicles, in which individual, a greater longitudinal than transverse extension precast concrete slabs arranged on a support layer, aligned in a predetermined position and encapsulated in this position with a potting compound, and the track a switch with a body and an end portion in which a trunk track and at least one branch track runs, and a method for producing such precast concrete panels, wherein each precast concrete slab is cast in a formwork.

From the DE 69 45 362 U is a kit for a rail support plate for switches known. In this case, base plates are provided which have bumps on which movable rail elements are guided. The base plates are made relatively complicated to meet the requirements for the leadership of the movable rail elements. How the individual components of the base plates look, is not apparent from the disclosure of this document. Also, it is not apparent from how the individual plates are laid on the substructure of the tracks.

The DE 44 28 163 C1 discloses a method for producing a slab track in the switch area, in which a base course is continuously passed over the switch area and a stem part of the switch is laid on the base course. A branch of the turnout is then installed. The main rail part and the branch rail part are components manufactured independently of one another, which are complicated in their shape and difficult to transport as prefabricated concrete parts.

Object of the present invention is thus to provide a track with precast concrete panels and a method for the production of precast concrete panels for a track in a switch area in which with only minor modifications precast concrete panels are easy and quick to produce and allow individual points designs.

The object is achieved with a track and a method according to the independent claims.

According to the invention, a track for rail vehicles has individual precast concrete slabs which have a greater length than transverse extent. The precast concrete panels are arranged on a support layer and aligned in a predetermined position, usually with spindles. In this aligned position they are shed with the base layer by means of a potting compound. The guideway can be provided for a slab track for high-speed trains, but also for tram rails.

A switch in the track has a main part and an end part, in which a trunk track and at least one branch track runs. Depending on the type of turnout it is also possible that there are several branch tracks. The invention is also applicable to a crossing switch, in which mutatis mutandis a track, the main track and the other track form the branch track.

According to the invention, the precast concrete panels are designed so that they are laid in the region of the switch both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction. This means that the longitudinally extending precast concrete slabs are manufactured as required so that when laid in the direction of the track they either have a greater longitudinal extent or a greater transverse extent. As a result, precast concrete panels can be used, which are very similar to each other in their construction. A industrial production of precast concrete slabs is thereby very simple and quick to carry out, since the individual required for a turnout precast concrete panels differ from each other, but in their basic structure to the extent that they can be made in the same or at least very similar manufacturing device.

It when the precast concrete slabs have a size with which they are laid in the main part of the switch in the longitudinal direction is particularly advantageous. In the main part of the switch, the switch has a relatively small width, which can be bridged well by longitudinal laying of precast concrete slabs.

In the end part of the switch, the switch is much wider than in its main part. Therefore, it is advantageous if the precast concrete panels, which are located in the end part of the switch, are laid in the transverse direction. This means that in the direction of the track track, the precast concrete panels have a shorter length than width. This makes it possible until the end of the switch, on which again the normal rail track is done with conventional, mass-produced precast concrete slabs, possible to arrange both tracks, that is the trunk track and the branch track on a plate.

Both in the main part of the switch and in its end part, the individual plates have dimensions which do not exceed a certain maximum. The production of these precast concrete slabs is thus industrial, almost possible in mass production. The same manufacturing devices can be used for each of the individual precast concrete slabs needed for a turnout.

Advantageously, the base layer consists of an antifreeze layer and a clean layer. The precast concrete slabs are aligned on the cleanliness layer, which consists of an unreinforced concrete layer, and then fixed with the potting compound.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the potting compound is an in-situ concrete layer with reinforcement. The reinforcement is laid on the cleanliness layer before the precast concrete slab is put on and aligned. Then, the cavity between the precast concrete slab and the cleanliness layer is laterally shrouded and finally poured with concrete. As a result, the position of the precast concrete panel is fixed.

In order to obtain a particularly good connection of the precast concrete slab with the in-situ concrete layer and thus on the in-situ concrete layer to the adjacent precast concrete slabs, the precast concrete slabs are provided with a connection reinforcement. The connection reinforcement projects into the in-situ concrete layer and, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, is connected to the reinforcement of the in-situ concrete layer, for example via transverse bars. This creates an intimate and lasting connection.

Alternatively or additionally, threaded rods may be provided, via which adjacent precast concrete panels are clamped together. This also creates a firm connection and fixing the position of the precast concrete slabs, which form the track, with each other. The connection by means of the threaded rods is only possible where it allows the points structure. In this way, at least partially, in particular in the main part and in the end part of the switch, a continuous, also made of precast concrete panels produced continuous carriageway. Especially in areas where turnout drives are required, a connection of the individual precast concrete slabs with threaded rods is dispensed with. At least here the connection over the described connection reinforcement is to be preferred.

In order to easily perform a connection of precast concrete slabs with threaded rods, it is advantageous if the threaded rods are arranged substantially in the direction of the track. Thus, on the one hand, prefabricated panels are used in the area of the switch, in which the threaded rods along the longitudinal extent of the precast concrete slabs but on the other hand also other precast concrete slabs are provided, in which the threaded rods are more likely to extend to the longitudinal extent of the precast concrete slabs. The former is advantageously the case in the main part of the switch, the latter in the end part of the switch, in which the precast concrete slabs are laid in the transverse direction.

In order to obtain a continuous course of the track, it is advantageous if the outer contour of the precast concrete panels substantially corresponds to the course of the main track and the branch track. This is obtained by a peripheral surface of the precast concrete slab, in which at least one outer side is not perpendicular to the two adjoining outer sides of the precast slab.

If the precast concrete slab has holes on its upper side, the rail fasteners, in particular screws and dowels or screws and nuts can be fastened there. The holes can be individually placed in the precast concrete slab to meet the desired track layout of both the main track and the branch track justice. Advantageously, they are drilled after the production of precast concrete slab at the required points for the individual points.

Are arranged on the precast concrete slabs substantially transversely to the rails extending support benches on which the rail fasteners are mounted or the holes are made for the rail fasteners, so defined, flat areas are available in which a secure rail fastening is possible. Between the Auflagerbänken areas can be provided with a slope for better drainage of rainwater and / or predetermined breaking points in the precast concrete slab.

If the precast concrete panels have predetermined breaking points, which are arranged transversely to the track, then a durable and low-maintenance Installation and use of precast concrete slabs guaranteed in the infrastructure. There are no uncontrolled cracks in the precast concrete slab, but only in the area of the predetermined breaking points which are provided for this purpose. The carrying capacity of the precast concrete slab is not unduly reduced thereby.

In a method according to the invention for the production of precast concrete slabs for a railway track guideway, each precast concrete part is concreted in a formwork having a formwork floor with a dimension for a given maximum size of precast concrete slabs used to produce individual precast concrete slab panels by attachment of Scarf walls is reduced to the formwork floor. Be provided on the formwork floor transversely to the later rail running formwork forms for Auflagerbänke, then the formwork forms for the Auflagerbänke are arranged on the formwork floor, that the Auflagerbänke are aligned transversely to the later rail track.

The formwork has a certain maximum, which is reduced for the production of individual precast concrete panels of the switch. The maximum dimensions are offered which largely correspond to the dimensions of the concrete precast slabs used in the normal route. Currently, lengths of up to 10 meters and widths of up to 4 meters are common. The precast concrete panels which are used in the switch correspond to such a grid. Thus, precast concrete slabs are produced, which either have a length of up to 10 meters and a width of up to 4 meters or have a length of up to 4 meters and a width of up to 10 meters, each viewed in the direction of the track , As a result, an industrial production of precast concrete slabs, which are required in the region of a switch, is made possible in an advantageous manner. The production of a plurality of individual, unrelated components, as known from the prior art, is thereby avoided.

Threaded steels for the production of longitudinally and transversely placed prefabricated concrete slabs can optionally be laid in the longitudinal or in the transverse direction of the precast concrete slab. The same applies, of course, also for with the threaded rods related shapes, such as pockets on the front sides of the precast concrete panels or predetermined breaking points, which are to be arranged transversely to the course of the threaded steel.

The production of the individual precast concrete slabs is advantageously carried out by the fact that the formwork has a device for receiving the threaded rods and optionally further connected to the threaded rods forming devices, which can be rotated by 90 ° for the production of longitudinally and transversely placed precast concrete panels.

Advantageously, holes for receiving rail fasteners are introduced after concreting the precast slab into the slab. The exact track layout of both the main track and the branch track can thus be determined after concreting. This brings particular advantages when concreting the concrete precast slabs, which thereby significantly simplifies.

The attachment of the rails on the precast concrete panel can be done by means of dowels in the holes. Alternatively, it is also advantageous if anchoring bodies are attached to the underside of the precast concrete slab in the area of the holes before laying the precast concrete slab. Dowels are unnecessary in this case. The anchoring body, such as nuts, are temporarily attached to the precast concrete slab and finally finally fixed in the potting compound. The temporary fastening device can be removed and replaced by the rail fastening.

It may also be advantageous if the holes for receiving rail fasteners only after the installation of precast concrete slabs in the plate be introduced. As a result, the individual plates are first laid firmly on the support layer and optionally aligned, fixed and connected to one another. Only then are the holes introduced into the panels and the rail fasteners secured with the rails thereon. The exact course of the tracks is thus determined on the exactly laid track.

In order to easily perform a connection of the individual precast concrete slabs with threaded steels after aligning and fixing on the support layer, pockets are provided on the front sides of the precast concrete slabs in which the threaded rods end. In these pockets, the threaded rods are connected to each other, for example with Spannmuttem and cause a firmly connected concrete surface on which the tracks can be permanently attached.

In order to bias the threaded rods sufficient, they are advantageously covered at their ends, for example, with shrink tubing to avoid connection to the concrete. In the area of these covers, the threaded rods can be stretched and thus cause a firm juxtaposition of two adjacent precast concrete parts. The method of joining two such adjacent precast concrete elements has already been described in the Applicant's earlier patent applications. Of course, the present invention is not limited to these joining methods. In particular, the connection via connection reinforcements in the in-situ concrete layer is also very advantageous.

Figur 1

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Weiche,

Figur 2

eine Draufsicht auf ein längs eingebautes Betonfertigteil,

Figur 3

einen Schnitt durch ein Betonfertigteil,

Figur 4

eine Draufsicht auf ein quer eingebautes Betonfertigteil,

Figur 5

einen Schnitt durch ein weiteres Betonfertigteil und

Figur 6

eine Draufsicht auf ein weiteres quer eingebautes Betonfertigteil.

Further advantages of the invention are described in the following figures. It shows:

FIG. 1

a schematic plan view of a switch,

FIG. 2

a plan view of a longitudinally installed precast concrete part,

FIG. 3

a section through a precast concrete part,

FIG. 4

a top view of a transversely mounted precast concrete part,

FIG. 5

a section through another precast concrete part and

FIG. 6

a plan view of another transversely mounted precast concrete part.

In FIG. 1 is a plan view of a schematically illustrated switch 1, which is in the form of a simple curved switch, shown. The turnout 1 has a turnout 2 and a turnout end 3. It has a trunk track 4 and a branch track 5 on. The switch 1 consists of a main part 6 and an end part 7, which is also called the heart. The main part 6 is assigned to the turnout 2, while the end part 7 is at the turnout end 3. At the start of the turnout 2 and at the turnout end 3 of both the main track 4 and the branch track 5, standard precast concrete slabs 8 are arranged, as they are usually used in a simple route.

In the area of the switch 1 are individual precast concrete slabs 11-16. All precast concrete slabs 11-16 correspond to a predetermined maximum grid in terms of their length and width, for example 10 x 4 m. According to this grid, the precast concrete slabs 11, 12 and 13 are longitudinally installed in the region of the main part 6 of the switch 1, while in the region of the end part 7 of the switch 1, the precast concrete panels 14, 15 and 16 are installed transversely. The precast concrete panels 8 and 11-16 abut each other and can thereby be connected directly via threaded rods or indirectly via a connection reinforcement and an in-situ layer of in-situ concrete arranged thereunder. Through this connection creates a continuous concrete band, on which trunk track 4 and branch track 5 are built together with the switch 1. In another, not shown embodiment However, it may also be the case that individual one of the concrete precast slabs 11-16 are arranged spaced from each other to allow a space for the control of the switch 1 and its movable components. In this case, the individual precast concrete slabs 11-16, which are not connected to a neighboring precast concrete slab, are arranged particularly firmly on the substrate, the support layer.

While on the standard precast concrete slabs 8, the trunk track 4 and the branch track 5 are fixed to bumpers 20 located on the precast concrete slab 8 in a conventional manner, the tracks in the area of the switch 1 are mounted directly on the precast concrete slabs 11-16. This attachment takes place for example in boreholes, which are introduced into the plates 11-16 before or after the laying of the precast concrete panels 11-16. The tracks and the switch parts can be laid exactly by screwing them into the drill holes.

In FIG. 2 a plan view of the longitudinally laid concrete precast panel 11 is shown. At the ends of the precast concrete panel 11 pockets 21 are arranged. In the pockets 21 lead threaded 22, which are embedded in the concrete precast slab 11. At the ends of the threaded rods 22, the precast concrete slab 11 is fixedly connected to its adjacent precast concrete slabs 8 and 12 are screwed in a known manner turnbuckles with the threaded rods 22 of the adjacent precast concrete panels 8 and 12 and the threaded rods 22 are tensioned by rotation of the turnbuckles. In order to obtain a sufficient tension, the threaded rods 22 are not firmly connected in their end regions with the precast concrete panel 11.

How out FIG. 3 it can be seen, for this purpose, the threaded rods 22 are provided with shrink tubing 23, which allow movement of the threaded rods 22 during clamping with respect to the precast concrete part 11. Advantageously, the heat shrink tubing 23 ends in the range of predetermined breaking points 24 so as not to bridge them and to impair their effect. The predetermined breaking points 24 concentrate inevitable cracks of the precast concrete slab 11 on the region of the predetermined breaking points 24. This makes it very easy to control the precast concrete slab 11 with regard to its condition.

The predetermined breaking points 24 are located in a region 25 which is formed deeper than support benches 26. The area 25 may have a slight slope, whereby a good drainage of the precast concrete panel 11 takes place. The support benches 26 form an area in which the rail fasteners are mounted. They are preferably flat and allow an individual drilling of the holes in which the screws for the rail fasteners are introduced. After drilling the holes 11 nuts 27 are held as an anchoring body provisionally with fasteners 28 on the underside of precast concrete panel. For clarity, only one nut 27 is shown. However, there are on each Auflagerbank 26 more of these anchoring bodies, namely one for each rail. The nuts 27 are finally poured after laying the precast concrete panel 11 in the potting and fixed for final attachment to the rail mounting.

In FIG. 4 is a plan view of the precast concrete panel 16 is shown. The structure essentially corresponds to the precast concrete panel 11 FIG. 2 , It is different, however, that the precast concrete panel 16 is installed transversely in the switch 1, since the switch 1 in the region of the end part 7 is relatively wide. For connecting the standard precast concrete slabs 8 of the trunk track 4 and the branch track 5 a total of four packages with threaded rods 22 are provided, which each open into the pockets 21. Also in the precast concrete slab 16 holes not shown are introduced, by means of which the tracks and the components of the switch 1 are mounted on the precast concrete panel 16.

The threaded rods 22, which are associated with the branch track 5, run in the precast concrete panels 12-15 gradually and are fixed therein to unfold the clamping effect can.

The concrete precast slabs 11-16 of the switch 1 can essentially be laid in the same way as the standard precast concrete slabs 8. This means that in the precast concrete slabs 11-16, for example, spindles are installed in a conventional manner, with which the precast concrete slabs 11-16 are adjusted on the support layer in height. After the adjustment has taken place, the precast concrete panels 11-16 are fixed to the base course and to each other. For this purpose, the precast concrete panels 8 and 11-16 are underfilled with a Untergussmasse to obtain a fixed position of the precast concrete panels 8 and 11-16 with respect to the support layer. They are then clamped together via the threaded rods 22, as far as necessary and with respect to the points installations. Finally, the pockets 21 are filled with concrete to permanently fix the position of the precast concrete panels 11-16 to one another.

With regard to the manufacture of precast concrete slabs 11-16, it is significant that they can be produced with a single basic formwork. This basic formwork, which determines the maximum grid in terms of length and width of precast concrete panels 11-16, is separated by intermediate walls, which are adjustable in their angle to the other walls. This makes it possible to concretes smaller than the maximum possible precast concrete panels. At the basic position of the threaded rods 22 and the pockets 21 nothing changes as long as the precast concrete panels are provided for longitudinal installation. However, if the finished precast concrete panels needed for the transverse installation, the threaded rods 22 and the required pockets 21 and formwork forms for the support benches are rotated by 90 ° used in the formwork. This results in concreting thereby a precast concrete component 14-16, in which the threaded rods 22 transversely and support benches along the longitudinal extent of the precast concrete component 14-16 and the pockets 21 are arranged in the longitudinal side of the precast concrete component 14-16. In contrast, in longitudinally installed precast concrete panels 11-13, the threaded rods 22 along the longitudinal extent of the precast concrete panels 11-13 concreted, the pockets 21 are located on the shorter end faces of precast concrete panels 11-13 and the Auflagerbänke extend transversely to the longitudinal extent of precast concrete panels 11-13 , If predetermined breaking points 24 are provided in the plates, they are likewise rotated so that they too run transversely to the threaded steels 22 or to the longitudinal extent of the precast concrete slabs 11-13.

In FIG. 5 the attachment of a precast concrete slab 11 is shown by means of a connecting reinforcement 30. The precast concrete slab 11 is constructed on an antifreeze layer 31. On the antifreeze layer 31, a cleanliness layer 32 is applied, which is usually an unreinforced concrete strip. The precast concrete panel 11 is aligned with spindles, not shown, on this cleanliness layer 32. Between the cleanliness layer 32 and the precast concrete slab 11, a reinforcement 33 is designed. The reinforcement 33 reinforces a potting layer 34, which is filled between the precast concrete slab 11 and the cleanliness layer 32 after aligning the precast concrete slab 11. In order to fix the precast concrete panel 11 permanently on the potting layer 34, the connection reinforcement 30 is provided. This protrudes from the underside of the precast concrete slab 11 into the encapsulation layer 34. By means of cross bars 35 is a kind of toothing between the connection reinforcement 30 and the reinforcement 33rd

As well as in FIG. 3 Here too, the nut 27 is fastened with a fastening device 28 on one of the support benches 26 at the required location. The nut 27 is poured into the potting layer 34 and thereby fixed. After solidification of the potting layer 34, the fastening device 28 can be removed and the actual rail fastening be attached.

In FIG. 6 is a plan view of a precast concrete panel shown. It can be seen that the support benches 26 are used for the individual arrangement of rail fasteners 36. Depending on requirements, the rail mounting 36 can be arranged on the Auflagerbank 26. An individual attachment of the tracks in the area of the switch is made possible thereby.

The present invention makes it possible, on the one hand, to mount the rail fasteners on the simple plates of the switch already in the factory, and thus to be able to arrange them very precisely on the plates. In contrast, however, the present invention also enables the center of the switch to be mounted on site. Rail and rail fastening are for this purpose, for example, delivered in one piece to the installation site and used there in the pre-consolidated holes of precast concrete panels.

By virtue of the invention, it is possible with standardized methods and proven laying methods to provide precast concrete slabs 11-16, which are each individual in order to create the switch 1 and yet have a similarity with which they can be concreted in the same production apparatuses.

The invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiment examples. So are other than the illustrated installation method possible. In addition, the precast concrete components 11-16 may already include shots for the rails, whereby the attachment of holes after laying the precast concrete slabs 11-16 is not required or only to a limited extent. There are a variety of switch shapes can be produced with the present invention.

Claims (19)

1. Trackway for rail-bound vehicles in which individual prefabricated concrete slabs (8, 11-16), longer than they are wide, are placed on a supporting layer, aligned in a specified position, and while in this position are cast with casting compound, and where the trackway incorporates a set of points (1) with a main section (6) and an end section (7) along which a main rail (4) and at least one branch rail (5) run, characterized in that in the region of the points (1) the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) are laid in longitudinal and in transverse directions so that the main rail (4) and the branch rail (5) are arranged on a prefabricated concrete slab (11-16) transversely to the path of the rail.
2. Trackway according to the foregoing claim, characterized in that the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-13) are laid in the longitudinal direction in the main section (6) of the points (1).
3. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the prefabricated concrete slabs (14-16) in the end section (7) of the points (1) are laid in a transverse direction.
4. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the supporting layer consists of a frost protection layer (31) and of a blinding layer (32).
5. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the casting compound is a layer of locally cast concrete (34) with reinforcement (33).
6. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the prefabricated concrete slabs (14-16) above the locally cast concrete layer (34) are joined together by means of connecting reinforcement (30) or by means of threaded steel bars (22).
7. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the threaded steel bars (22) in the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) are aligned substantially in the same direction as the track (4, 5).
8. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the external contour of the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) substantially corresponds to the curvature of the main track (4) and of the branch track (5).
9. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that rail fastenings are arranged on the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16).
10. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the prefabricated concrete slab (11-16) has holes, particularly made after manufacture of the prefabricated concrete slab (11-16), in which the rail fastenings are attached.
11. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that support sills (26) are positioned on the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16), aligned substantially transversely to the rails, to which the rail fastenings are attached.
12. Trackway according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the prefabricated concrete slab (11-16) incorporates predetermined breaking points (24) that are oriented transversely to the direction of the rail.
13. A method for the manufacture of prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) for a set of points (1) of a trackway for rail-bound vehicles,which set of points (1) comprises a main section (6) and an end section (7) and comprises a main rail (4) and a branch rail (5) and which trackway comprises one of said prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16), according to one of the foregoing claims, wherein each prefabricated concrete slab (8, 11-16) is cast in shuttering, the shuttering comprises a shuttering floor with a dimension appropriate for a certain maximum dimension of the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) said maximum dimension being reduced by attaching shuttering walls to the shuttering floor in order to manufacture individual prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) for the points (1), characterized in that with said shuttering there are produced prefabricated concrete slabs (14-16) that are wider than they are long with respect to the direction of the rails as well as prefabricated concrete slabs (11-13) that are longer than they are wide with respect to the direction of the rails and that on the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) holes for rail fastenings or receptacles for the rails respectively are formed such that by means of the rail fastenings the rails are fixed to the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) longitudinally in the region of the main section 6 of the points (1) and transversely in the end section (7) of the points (1).
14. A method according to the foregoing claim, characterized in that the shuttering incorporates equipment for accepting threaded steel bars (22).
15. A method according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that holes are made in the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) to accept rail fastenings after the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16) have been cast.
16. A method according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that anchors (27) for fastening bolts are attached to the holes prior to laying the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16).
17. A method according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the holes that are to accept rail fastenings are made in the slab (11-16) after the prefabricated slabs (11-16) have been laid.
18. A method according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the threaded steel bars (22) end in pockets (21) in the prefabricated concrete slabs (11-16).
19. A method according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the ends of the threaded steel bars (22) are covered prior to casting in concrete.

Images