EP1808538A2 - Construction made with individual parts - Google Patents

Abstract

Building structure comprises individual components partially made from prefabricated wood-concrete composite elements (100) provided with further insulating, protecting and/or lining materials. Preferred Features: The individual components consist partially of prefabricated wood components, concrete components and/or wood-concrete partially finished components which can be completed later at the building site.

Description

The invention relates to buildings and / or buildings in which at least partially the individual component, such. Walls, ceilings, floors, columns, beams, slabs, slabs, foundations, joists and / or roofs made of at least partially prefabricated wood-concrete composite elements and methods for producing these structures.

It is known to create buildings and / or buildings, at least partially in prefabricated construction in wood construction, in steel construction, in brick construction and concrete construction. It is also known building parts in mixed construction, e.g. to create as reinforced concrete or steel sandwich. Due to the prefabricated construction, the walls and ceilings of such a building can be largely prefabricated, so that only the assembly of the plate-like elements must be made on the site.

Methods are also known where partial finished parts, e.g. Concrete (keyword: filigree corner) are brought to the site and completed in a second step by appropriate Aufbeton.

It is also known to mix materials in structures and / or buildings. So you can find in all variations buildings where masonry walls, reinforced concrete ceilings and / or wooden roof chairs were created.

From the AT 005 773 U1 It is known to combine partial sections of wood and concrete as a composite component.

From the US 5,125,200 It is known to connect wood and concrete non-positively.

From the DE 198 05 088 A1 It is known to produce wall and ceiling elements made of concrete, plastic, metal, and cardboard in the material mix so that they are suitable for the home-maker.

From the DE 202 10 714 U1 It is known to produce wood-concrete composite elements with integrated climate elements.

From the EP 0 826 841 A1 It is known to create a module house from prefabricated steel sheets so that a permanent weather protection is present.

From the DE 298 03 323 U1 It is known to produce modular wooden houses easy to install.

Disadvantages of wood construction in buildings consist in the fire stress and in the low storage mass of the wood. This lack of storage mass leads to a poor summer heat protection.

Disadvantages of the masonry construction are the high wage costs in the construction of the building and the low thermal insulation of these building systems. Here the user loses precious energy costs year after year.

Disadvantages of the steel construction are to avoid cold bridges in the poor thermal insulation properties of the steel and the constructive approaches required thereby.

Due to the extensive requirements of a building / building in terms of stability, cosiness, sound insulation, thermal insulation, moisture protection, fire protection and short construction times, constructions traditionally reach their limits. In particular, the high demands from the desire to save energy in connection with the increasing challenges of high load events, such as earthquakes and hurricanes is growing worldwide the desire for alternative buildings / buildings that meet these challenges.

The invention is based on the object, by at least partially using at least partially prefabricated wood-concrete composite elements as walls, ceilings, floors, columns, beams, plates, slices, foundations, beams and / or roofs, etc., if necessary in Connecting with other insulating and / or cladding materials to create a building or a building that fulfills the aforementioned tasks.

The solution of this object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and in particular by the fact that in the buildings, the individual components at least partially made of wood-concrete composite elements, which have corresponding additional insulating and / or cladding materials if necessary.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that the wood-concrete composite elements provides a construction which is efficient according to requirements for walls, ceilings, floors, columns, beams, slabs, slabs, foundations, joists and / or roofs. With regard to the load-bearing capacity, the materials divide the forces or stresses based on the composite action according to their stiffness ratios. Furthermore, depending on the arrangement, the mix of materials offers clear advantages in terms of sound insulation, thermal insulation, moisture protection and fire protection. The possibility of prefabrication also creates components that can be effortlessly mounted on the construction site.

building envelope

An embodiment of the building envelope according to the invention (roof, roof, wall and / or floor elements) consists of a thin concrete slab, on the outside of which (on one side) wood cross sections are arranged in a composite. In this case, when the outside pressure is applied, the steel reinforcement inserted in the concrete takes over the bending tensile forces, while the bending force is assigned to the wood cross-section. It has surprisingly been found that this arrangement considerable Improvements in building physics and statics are achieved. First, it should be noted that the inner concrete slab serves as a heat storage, vapor barrier, installation level, fire barrier and / or disc training. In addition, a fair-quality concrete offers a finished surface, which can also be covered by a wallpaper if required. At the same time serve the spaces between the outside wood sections as insulation, installation, and / or power coupling plane. For the roof elements, this also means, for example, that they can be covered with roof tiles in a conventional manner and thus visually there is no difference to conventional roofs.

For the wall elements, this means that the existing wood cross sections can be formed on the outside in a conventional manner with a wooden facade or plaster facade.

Another inventive design of the building envelope (roof, Dachdecken-, wall and / or floor elements) consists of a thin concrete slab, on the inside (one-sided) wood cross sections are arranged in the composite. In this case, in the case of external pressure, the concrete is subjected to the bending compressive forces during the timber cross section, the bending tensile forces. It has surprisingly been found that considerable improvements in building physics and statics are also achieved by this arrangement. First, it should be noted that the external concrete slab serves as a heat storage, vapor barrier (for tropical climates), installation level and / or fire barrier. However, surprisingly, this embodiment of the invention also provides an extremely rigid and stable "skin" that can withstand any extreme loads such as earthquakes and / or hurricanes (hurricanes, typhoons). At the same time serve the Zwsichenräume the inside wood sections as insulation level and as a construction surface on the other covering materials, such as wooden formwork, plasterboard, chipboard, wallpaper, plasters can be applied.

Another embodiment of the building envelope according to the invention is to combine the components for special needs of the customer in their arrangement so that in part the concrete slabs are arranged inside and partly outside Thus, this would be a combination of the two paragraphs mentioned above.

As further inventive embodiments of the roof, ceiling, wall and / or floor elements, the versions can be seen where a thin concrete slab in the composite (ie non-positively connected) from both sides (ie the top and bottom or outside and inside) with at least a wood cross-section are provided. Thus, at least in one of the two levels between the wood cross sections (i.e., if necessary, of course, both sides) insulation, installations, connection couplings and / or moisture barriers are inserted. These embodiments of the invention provide by the double-sided composite effect extremely stable and stable components with integrated thermal insulation properties and force coupling mechanisms.

As further embodiments of the roof, ceiling, wall and / or floor elements according to the invention, the versions are to be seen where two adjacent thin concrete slabs are provided in composite (i.e., frictionally connected) with at least one wooden cross-section arranged therebetween. Insulation, installations, connection couplings and / or moisture barriers can thus be inserted in the plane of the wood cross section. These embodiments of the invention provide the bilateral composite effect extremely stable and stable components with integrated thermal insulation properties.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the buildings / buildings can be made extremely cost effective in prefabricated wood-concrete composite elements. On the one hand, the efficient use of wood and concrete is to be seen. In this case, the steel is replaced by the wood in conventional reinforced concrete construction. In addition, this construction allows a significant weight reduction compared to conventional masonry or concrete buildings. These Weight reduction leads to cost savings in the building components themselves as well as the foundations. In addition, this also reduces transport and installation costs (eg crane costs).

The building according to the invention can be produced using a wide variety of methods. A preferred method is to produce the wood-concrete composite elements as prefabricated components in the factory to connect them at a later date on the construction site as finished parts with each other and with other components (eg foundations).
Another preferred method is to produce the wood cross-sections and concrete sections in each case as finished parts in order to connect them to one another in the factory and / or only later on the construction site to a wood-concrete composite system shear-resistant.
Another preferred method is to create the wood cross-sections and concrete sections in the composite at least as a semi-finished part in order to complete them already in the factory and / or later on the site with appropriate in-situ concrete.

materials

The concrete cross sections of the wood-concrete composite components according to the invention are exemplified by individual elements in the form of a beam, a support, a 1-binder, a truss, a plate or a disc created or any combination of the aforementioned individual elements in the form of multi-part composite cross-sectional shapes, such as For example, TT carrier, I-beams, T-beams, box girders, web plates, TT plates created. The concrete cross-section can be as normal concrete, aerated concrete, lightweight concrete (including non-mineral aggregates such as plastics, polystyrene, wood), high-strength concrete prestressed concrete, composite concrete, screed concrete, lightweight concrete, aerated concrete and / or asphalt concrete with appropriate reinforcing bars, mats and / or - made of metal and / or plastic as in-situ concrete or finished part or partial finished part. The thickness of the concrete cross section ranges from min. 40 to 500 mm. For example, thicknesses of a concrete slab or pane are particularly advantageous in a building application from 70 to 160 mm, depending on whether it is a wall, roof or ceiling component. In contrast, the application of the wood-concrete composite construction according to the invention in bridge construction or parking garage construction relies on concrete part thicknesses, which can also go far beyond the 160 mm.

The wood cross-sections of the wood-concrete composite components according to the invention are created and / or made of individual elements in the form of a beam, a screed, a board, a squared lumber, an I-beam, a ladder carrier, a truss girder, a Triangle strut carrier, a plate or formwork any combination of the aforementioned individual elements in the form of multi-part composite cross-sectional shapes, such as Truss girders, triangular girders, I girders, T girders, box girders, multi-skin sheets.

The wood components consist of grown solid wood, wood materials and / or wood composites. In order to clarify the variety of the resulting variants of wood use, a few are listed below: Solid wood, softwood, hardwood, glued laminated timber, board, laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, veneer lumber, chipboard, duo-, trio-bar Cement-bonded chipboard, chipboard, multilayer matting, OSB Plates, plastic composite panels, cross-laminated boards, cross-laminated board layers, etc. Here, the entire cross-section variety is conceivable for rod cross-sections from 20/20 mm and for panel thicknesses from 6 mm.

Connection of wood-concrete composite components

The connection of the wood-concrete composite components can be made via wood to wood, wood to concrete and / or concrete to concrete. As connecting means geometric fit, bonding and / or mechanical connection means are conceivable, which are regulated by the corresponding standards, eg DIN 1052, DIN 18800, DIN 1045 or the relevant specialist literature as prior art. In addition, reference is made to the following drawings / figures, the corresponding further embodiments of this species diversity should give. Quite surprisingly, it has been shown that some fasteners as metal moldings are able to provide the function of disk formation, anchoring, element coupling, crane attachment and / or corner fitting by the shape of the invention. For an efficient introduction of force into the concrete components, corresponding connection reinforcements in the concrete cross-sections are required here.

Connection of wood and concrete slices

The composite effect of the wood and concrete sections can be done via a variety of known fasteners. These range from the method of geometric form closure (notch, tenon, offset, toothing, recess) on the adhesive bond (wood-concrete bonding, bonded or glued moldings made of steel and / or plastic) to the mechanical fasteners (screws, nails , Bolts, clips, nail plates, any steel fittings according to standard or the state of the art). As a preferred type of connection, however, the variant of the glued metal moldings has proven to be an efficient and efficient composite effect is achieved. Further information can be found in the General Building Authority Approval of the DIBT with the approval number Z-9.1-557.

Figs. 1 to 3 describe three preferred embodiments of the building parts according to the invention. Here concrete sections (101,201,202,301) are shown in conjunction with wood cross sections (110,210,310,311). As bonding means between the concrete cross sections (101, 201, 202, 301) and the corresponding wooden cross sections (110, 210, 310, 111), exemplary surface bonds (320), screw arrangements (221), glued-in metal moldings (122) and geometric serrations (321, 322) are shown.

1 shows a component (100) with a concrete slab (101) and, for example, two unilaterally connected wooden cross sections (110). The composite effect between wood and concrete is ensured for example by glued metal moldings (122). Between the wood cross sections (shown here as rafters), for example, mineral insulation (130) in the form of rock wool (131) is inserted. On the wood cross sections (110) a wood soft fiber plate (111) is screwed, which provides a geometric finish and, for example, at the same time represents the plaster base. Installations (140), for example in the form of electric cables (141), are inserted in the concrete slab (101).

FIG. 2 shows a component (200) with two concrete slabs (201, 202) and, for example, two internal wood cross-sections (210). The composite effect between wood and concrete is produced for example on the upper side by screws (221) and on the lower side by nail plates (224). For example, non-mineral insulation (230) in the form of cellulose particles (manufacturer: Isofloc) (231) is introduced between the wood cross sections (shown here as bars). Installations (240), for example in the form of heating elements (241), are integrated in the lower concrete slab (202).

3 shows a component (300) with a concrete slab (301) and, for example, two wooden cross sections (310, 311) arranged on both sides. The composite effect between wood (310, 311) and concrete (301) is ensured on the upper side, for example, by surface bonding (320) and on the underside by, for example, geometric toothing (321) in the form of local wood cutouts (322). Between the wood cross sections (shown here as square timbers) plastic foams are injected on the top side as PUR foam (330), while at the bottom between the wood cross sections insulation boards (331) are laid out on the construction site. In the lower insulation level (330) installations (350) in the form of water and electric lines are inserted. The inner space closure in this case is given by a gypsum board (360), which is one-sidedly adjacent to a vapor barrier (361). The outer component termination is here generated by a cement-bonded chipboard (362), which also acts as a plaster carrier.

4 shows, by way of example, a combined support situation (440) according to the invention of a wood-concrete composite component (400) in that the loads are partially removed via the wood cross section (410) and the concrete cross section (420). The frontal load introduction (430) takes place here by way of example via at least one perforated steel sheet (431) slotted into the end grain and glued in place. In this case, the composite effect is delivered via appropriately slotted and glued expanded metals (432, 433). If the support situation (440) is removed, FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment according to the invention. In this case, the reinforced concrete cross-section (421) acts as a ceiling-identical undercarriage for the wood-concrete composite cross sections (410) connected on both sides - via the frontal load introduction (430,431).

5 shows a connection situation (540), where the load of the wood-concrete composite component (500) is transferred exclusively via the concrete cross-section (520). The load introduction can be done either on the underside (541), on the front (542) or in combination of the above. A corresponding suspension (530) in the form of a nail plate (531) pressed in and affixed on both sides of the wood cross-section in this example allows force transmission from the wood cross-section (510) into the concrete cross-section (520).

FIG. 6 shows a connection situation (640), where the load of the wood-concrete composite component (600) takes place exclusively via the wood cross-section (610). The load introduction can be done either on the underside (641), on the front (642) or in combination of the above. A corresponding force coupling (630) in the form of a reinforcing steel (630) glued into the wood allows in this example at the end of the concrete cross section (620) a force transmission with the wood cross section (610).

Fig. 7 shows the section through the outer shell of a building (700) in which the entire load-bearing components as prefabricated wood-concrete composite components (701, 702, 703, 760.770) were formed. Here are in the walls (701, 702) and the roof (703), the concrete sections (711, 712, 713) as plates or discs on arranged inside. The spaces between the outer wood sections (721, 722, 723) are filled here with non-mineral insulating material (731, 732, 733) on the site and thus produce a continuous seamless insulation layer. The wood cross sections in the walls (721, 722) were selected here as conductor supports (741, 742) in order to avoid a thermal bridge within the wood cross sections (721, 722). The walls (701, 702) close with external soft wood fiber boards (750), which also serve as plaster base. The wood cross-sections (723) in the roof (703) are selected here as rafters (724) in conventional form to provide increased load bearing capacity of the roof (703) and to provide the appearance of a "normal roof" -In the roof area (703) was applied a wood-based panel (751), which is complemented by counter battens, battens and roof tiles (not shown here). The lower ceiling element (760) consists of a top-side concrete slab (761) on which, by way of example, underside wooden beam cross-sections (762) are fastened in the composite. The load transfer takes place here in part via the concrete cross section (761: concrete to concrete) and partly via the wood cross section (762: wood to concrete) via corresponding recesses (763) in the wall-side concrete slab (711) in which the wooden beam cross sections (762) protrude , The openings (764) arranged in the wood cross-section (762) allow the laying of installations. The upper ceiling element (770) consists of a top-side concrete slab (771) on which, for example, underside a wooden slab cross-section (772) in the form of cross-glued board layers (773) in the composite attached (not shown). The load transfer takes place here exclusively via the concrete cross section (771: concrete to concrete). This is made possible by steel moldings (774) slotted into the wood (772) and glued in and anchored in the concrete (771). This above-described suspension (771, 772, 774) allows only the wood cross section (772, 773) at a distance from the wall (775) to end, thus allowing an installation level (776). The entire expansion (eg exposed concrete, wallpaper, ceiling heating, wall heating, ventilation, air conditioning, floating screed, dry line, tiles, carpet ...) is based on the generally accepted rules of architecture and is not shown here. Fig. 8 shows the section through the outer shell of another wood-concrete composite structure (800) by the walls (801, 802), the roof (803) and the lower ceiling (860) are delivered as finished parts to the site. The upper ceiling (870) was here concreted on site as an example on the construction site. Here, in the walls (801, 802) and the roof (803), the concrete sections (811, 812, 813) are arranged as plates on the outside. The outer wall can be formed, for example, as exposed concrete or be completed by a corresponding coat or surface with paint. The interspaces of the internal wood sections (821, 822, 823) are filled here with non-mineral insulating material (831, 832, 833) on the site and thus produce a continuous insulating layer. The wooden cross sections (821, 822) in the walls (801, 802) are selected here as I-beams (824, 825) in order to avoid a thermal bridge within the respective wooden cross sections (821, 822, keyword: passive house). The wood cross sections (823) in the roof (803) are selected here as a screed (826) to provide increased load bearing capacity of the roof (803). The screed rafters (826) penetrate the concrete disc (812) of the outer wall (802) and thus provide a conventional appearance. Between the vertically extending wood cross sections (821, 822) of the outer walls (801, 802), further, for example, horizontally extending wood cross sections (830) can be introduced in the composite, if necessary, in order to possibly cover load peaks. The inside of the outer walls (801, 802) and the roof (803) close with a vapor barrier (850: here close the joints in individual pieces) and cement bonded chipboard (840, 841, 842, 843, 844), the same time serve as a wallpaper carrier. The roofing is done here on bituminous roofing (not shown).
The lower ceiling element (860) consists of a top-side concrete slab (861) on which, by way of example, underside wood cross-sections (862) as I-beam (863) in the composite (not shown) are attached. The load transfer takes place partly over the concrete cross section (861: concrete to wood) and partly over the wood cross section (862: wood to wood) via a beam shoe (865) in the end wall (831) running on the wall side. The opening (864) arranged in the wood cross-section (862) allows the installation of installations.

The upper ceiling element (870) consists of an upper-side precast concrete slab (871) which is shear-resistant here by subsequent Betonverguss in appropriate openings / recesses in the factory and / or on the construction site with the underside wood panel cross section (872) in the form of board stacks (873) (eg - By glued plastic moldings: not shown here) are connected. The load is transferred exclusively via the concrete cross section (871: concrete to wood). This is made possible by steel moldings screwed into the wood and anchored in the concrete (874: as T-profile). The above-described suspension (875) also allows the wood cross section (872) to end at a distance from the wall (875), thus allowing an installation channel (876). The entire interior (such as exposed concrete, wallpaper, ceiling heating, wall heating, ventilation, air conditioning, floating screed, dry, tile, carpet ...) is made according to the generally accepted rules of architecture and is not shown here.

Fig. 9 shows an example of a building in which the essential structural elements are created in wood-concrete composite construction. The roof element (910) and the wall element (920) are here shown as an inner concrete slab (911,921) with non-positive connection to the outer wooden beams (912,922). Between the individual wood sections (912.922) appropriate Dämmlagen (913.923) are inserted. Surprisingly, it has been found that the roof element (910) is also excellent as a ceiling element (not shown here) is suitable. In this case, the inner concrete slab (911) would preferably be made in exposed concrete quality and equipped with a correspondingly higher tensile reinforcement (not shown here). In addition, in the insulation layer (913) between the wood sections (912) various installations, such as electrical, water, sanitary, and / or ventilation ducts (not shown here) are laid. The further expansion stages of the floor structure, such as Floating screed, dry screed, tiles, carpet correspond to the state of the art and will not be further explained.

The wall element (930) in the area in contact with the earth is here as an external concrete slab (931) with non-positive connection to the internal wooden slabs (932). Thus, in contact with the ground, a corresponding structural seal (not shown here) can be realized on the concrete slab (931). In another version, not shown, the concrete has been designed as water-impermeable concrete, so that a structural waterproofing would not be required.

The lowest ceiling or in the further course also floor slab (940) is designed as a double-shell wood-concrete composite finished part. It consists of 2 concrete slabs (941,942) which are interlocked by intervening wooden cross-sections (943) (see for example Fig. 2). The wood cross sections (943) are here preferably designed as truss girders or triangular strut girders (technical terms from timber construction, not shown here) in order to simultaneously deliver high thermal insulation (keyword: reduction of the thermal bridge within the timber cross section - passive construction). Between the individual wood sections (943) and in the openings of the truss girder or Triangle strut carrier mineral insulation (944) is inserted.

The overlying ceiling (950) is here exemplified in Ortbetonverfahren with a top-side concrete slab (951) and running below wood ribs (952) made of wood-concrete composite construction. For span reduction, a ceiling-level reinforced concrete beam (955) is used in conjunction with laterally connected wood ribs (e.g., 952) (see, e.g., Fig. 4). The wood ribs (952) made of glued laminated timber and the concrete cross sections (951, 955) are created in visual quality. Another embodiment of this ceiling consists in a much later stage of expansion, in which between the individual wood sections (952) insulation (953) is arranged. As ceiling cladding, a three-layer panel (954) was chosen here, which was screwed on the wooden cross-sections (952) in visual quality.

The ascending wall section or column cross-section (960) is shown as a single-shell concrete cross-section (961) with softwood timber (962,963) arranged on both sides in a composite action. In this exemplary embodiment, the opposing squared timbers (962,963) are oppositely arranged. This surprisingly increases the stabilization of the intermediate concrete cross section (961) and thereby improve the load capacity. Between the squared timbers (962.963) is on each wall side an insulation (964) with subsequent plasterboard planking (965) available as a wallpaper carrier. Not shown are the installations in the respective isolation levels (964). The support-like wall section (960) serves here as a support-width-reducing element for the overlying wooden beam ceiling of the loft

The left outer wall (970) is shown as a single-shell concrete slab or disc (971) with double-sided composite timber (972,973) made of softwood. In this exemplary embodiment, the opposing squared lumbers (972 and 973) are offset relative to one another. As a result, surprisingly, the thermal insulation properties of the overall structure can be increased (no continuous thermal bridge given by opposing square timbers, keyword: passive house) and the buckling resistance of the concrete slab (971) improved. Between the squared timbers (972) an insulation (976) with adjoining cement-bonded chipboard (977) as a plaster base is present on the outside of the wall (970). On the inside between the squared lumber (973) insulation boards (974) followed by plasterboard (975) designed as a wallpaper support. Not shown are various installations (e.g., electric wires, water pipes) in the inner insulation layer (974).

The left roof element (980) is shown here as an external concrete slab (981) with internal wood cross section (982) as a wood-concrete composite element. Between the individual wood sections (982) appropriate Dämmlagen (983) are inserted. The inner roof provides a vapor barrier (984), which was inserted between wood cross section (982) and wooden formwork (985).

Fig. 10 shows by way of example some connecting elements which are preferably used for an application of the article according to the invention. By means of corresponding concrete anchors (1010) in the form of composite anchors or expansion anchors, two individual elements can be connected to one another with a force fit.
By placing and screwed flat iron (1011), at least two or more individual elements (here: 1030, 1032, 1034) can be positively locked in notch points connect. In addition, patch angle iron (1012) in conjunction with corresponding adhesive core (not shown here) are also suitable for high power transmission. By prefabricated steel moldings (1013,1014) can be used in appropriate recesses (1040,1041) and initiate significant loads selectively with the appropriate anchoring plates (1050, 1051,1052,1053,1054,1055) inserted in the concrete sections and pass on. The force transmission between the steel moldings (10'13,1014) and the anchoring plates (1050,1051,1052,1053,1054,1055) is preferably carried out by screwing, gluing and / or welding. The force transmission from the anchoring plates (1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055) into the respective reinforced concrete parts (1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1035) takes place via cast-in reinforcing bars connected to the anchoring plates (1050, 1051, 1052, 1053 , 1054, 1055) are non-positively coupled.

The steel molding (1013) serves as an example for the coupling of 2 wall elements (1030, 1031). For this purpose, the connecting means has already been factory-fixed to the wall element (1031) as a steel shaped part (1013), so that only the screwing or welding to the anchor plate (1051) of the wall element (1030) was required on the construction site. The steel molding (1013) was designed so that it also serves as a mounting hook for the wall element (1031)

The steel molding (1014) serves as an example for the coupling of two wall elements (1031, 1035) with two ceiling elements (1032, 103). For this purpose, the steel mold part (1014) was already connected to the ceiling element (1032) at the factory, so that only the screw connection with the further ceiling element (1033) and the two wall elements (1031, 1035) was required on the construction site. The molded steel part (1014) was designed to also serve as a mounting hook for the ceiling element (1032). In addition, the steel mold part (1014) has 4 holes (1060) to provide bolting to the anchoring plates (1052, 1053, 1054, 1055). Another application is to weld the steel mold part (1014) to the adjacent anchor plates (1052, 1053, 1054, 1055).

Another exemplary connection technique consists in the on-site casting of corresponding Vergusstaschen (1070) in the individual concrete sections. Fig. 10 shows an example of how 5 concrete sections (1030,1031,1032,1034,1035) by appropriate recesses (1071,1072,1073) with subsequent encapsulation non-positively and positively connected with each other. For this purpose, protrude from the individual concrete sections (1030, 1031, 1032, 1034, 1035) reinforcement iron (1080,1081,1082,1083,1084), which are coupled to each other at the construction site by appropriate reinforcement allowances (not shown here) and with be cast according to fastabbindendem concrete mix.

Another connection technique consists in the surface bonding (1090) of at least one composite surface between the wood cross sections and / or concrete sections with each other or with each other. An exemplary embodiment of this connection technique consists in the surface bonding or mortar bed (1090) of the concrete sections (1031, 1032, 103) with each other.

Another form of connection consists in the coupling of the wooden components. Here are any embodiments of the relevant standards and the corresponding state of the art possible.

In addition, it is also possible to replace the concrete cross section (1030) by a wood cross section in the form of a wood-based panel (1030 '). In this case, it would be possible to screw the steel molding (1013) directly to the wood-based panel (1030 '). However, it would also be conceivable to non-positively connect the anchoring plate (1051) by screwing and / or gluing it to the wood cross-section (1030 ') and thus allow a conventional screwing of the steel shaped part (1013) with the anchor plate (1051). In addition, it would be possible in this case, the rebar iron (1080) in the wood-based panel (1030 ') paste. As a result, the wood cross section (1030 ') with the encapsulation of the Vergusstasche (1070) could be positively and non-positively connected to the concrete sections (1031,1032,1034,1035).

11 shows by way of example a single component which consists of a prefabricated wood cross section (1110) by way of example as a triangular strut binder (1111) and a prefabricated concrete cross section (1120). The prefabricated concrete cross-section (1120) has at least one opening (1140), which allows a composite action to the wood cross-section (1110). In the wood cross-section (1110), at least one connecting means (1130) is fixed by adhesive technique, which projects into the opening (1140) of the prefabricated concrete cross-section. The potting (1141) of the opening (1140) at any time in the factory, during transport or on the construction site then generates the desired composite effect between the wood cross section (1110) and the concrete cross section (1120). Surprisingly, it has been shown that a further increase in load can be achieved by further possible surface bonding (1150) of at least one contact surface of the wood cross sections (1110) and concrete cross sections (1120). In a further embodiment of the invention (not shown here), it is provided that the aforementioned connection variants (1130, 1150) are executed as a single approach. The central wood-concrete composite element can be used as an example as a bridge, ceiling, wall, support, roof, carrier.

In particular, the invention also includes the contents of the following paragraphs:

Structures of individual components wherein the individual components at least partially from prefabricated wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910 , 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) which are optionally provided with further insulating, insulating, protective and / or covering materials.

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to the preceding paragraph wherein the individual components at least partially from prefabricated wooden components (773,952), Concrete components (871) and / or wood-concrete composite prefabricated parts (870, 1030, 1030 ', 1031, 1032, 1034, 1035) exist, which are then completed in the factory or later on the site with concrete grout.

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 500, 60, 70, 70, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033,1034,1035,1100) according to the preceding paragraph, wherein the individual components consist at least partially of prefabricated wooden components (773, 873, 952, 1110) and prefabricated concrete components (871.1120), which are already assembled in the factory or on the construction site and non-positively connected by surface bonding (1150) and / or Betonverguss (1141).

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 500, 60, 70, 70, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033,1034,1035,1100) according to the preceding paragraph, wherein the individual components consist at least partially of prefabricated timber components (773, 873, 952, 1110) and prefabricated concrete components (871.1120), which joined together in the factory to wood-concrete composite components and be frictionally connected and only then delivered to the site.

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100,910,920,980) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the individual components of at least one timber component (110,912,922,982) and at least one concrete component (101, 911, 921, 981) consist, at least one frictionally connected surface to each other exhibit.

Constructs of wood-concrete composite elements (300,960,970) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the individual components of at least two wooden components (310,311,962,963,972,973,974) and an intermediate concrete component (301,961,971) consist, wherein at least one frictionally connected surface between the timber component (310,311,962,963,972,973,974) and consists of the concrete component (301.961.971).

Structures of wood-concrete composite elements (200,940) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the individual components consist of a wooden component (210, 943) and at least two concrete components (201,202,941,942), wherein at least one non-positively connected surface between the wooden component (210, 943) and the concrete component (201, 202, 941, 942).

Structures of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 880, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein between the wood cross sections (110,210,310, 311,410,510,610,721,722,723,821,822,823,912,922,943,952,962,963,972, 973,982) insulation (130,230,330,331,731,732,733,831,832,833) and / or installations (350) in the factory and / or on site can be introduced.

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the connections or couplings (641,642) of the individual components with each other and / or with other components only over the wood cross section (610).

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the connections or couplings (541, 542, 774, 874) of the individual components with one another and / or with other components is provided only via the concrete cross-section (520, 771, 871).

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the connections or couplings (440, 761, 783, 865) of the individual components are given to one another and / or with other components, partly through the wood cross section (410, 762, 831, 862) and / or partly through the concrete cross section (421, 761, 861).

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the connections of the individual components with each other and / or with other components by geometric positive locking (763), by mechanical connection means (865,1010), by Flächenverklebungen (1090, 1150 ), by adhesive bonds (1010, 1080), by welded joints (1013, 1051) and / or by concrete grouting (1070).

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the composite effect of the concrete cross-sections (101, 201, 202, 301, 420, 421, 520, 620, 711, 712, 713, 761, 771, 811, 812, 813, 861, 871, 911, 921, 931, 941, 942, 951, 961, 971, 981, 1120) and wood cross sections (110, 210, 310, 311, 410, 510, 610, 721, 722, 723) , 762, 772, 821, 822, 823, 862, 872, 912, 922, 932, 943, 952, 962, 963, 972, 973, 982, 1110) with each other by geometric form closure (321, 763, 1140) mechanical connection means (221, 224, 530, 874), by surface bonding (320, 1150), by adhesive bonds (122, 430, 431, 433, 530, 630, 774, 1080, 1130) and / or by concrete potting (1070, 1141 ) be generated.

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 400, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, these being used by way of example in residential buildings, commercial buildings, Industrial buildings, sports facilities, factories, parking garages, stadiums, towers, bridges can be used as creative and / or sustainable components.

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 400, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the timber component (110, 210, 310, 311, 410, 510, 610, 721, 722, 723, 762, 772, 821, 822, 823, 862, 872, 912, 922, 932, 943, 952, 962, 963, 972, 973, 982, 1110) as one-piece cross sections, such as Beams, rafters, binders, plates, discs, planks and / or multi-section cross-sections, such as e.g. Truss girders, truss braces, I-girders, T-girders, box girders, web plates.

Buildings of wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 400, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) according to one or more of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the concrete components (101, 201, 202, 301, 420, 421, 520, 620, 711, 712, 713, 761, 771, 811, 812, 813, 861, 871, 911, 921, 931, 941, 942, 951, 961, 971, 981, 1120) as one-piece cross sections, such as Beams, pillars, plates, discs and / or multi-section cross-sections, such as e.g. TT carriers, 1-girders, T-girders, box girders, multi-wall sheets, Π plates are created.

Claims (11)

Structure of individual components, wherein the individual components at least partially from wood-concrete composite elements (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 760, 770, 801, 802, 803, 860, 870, 910 , 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1100) composed of at least one timber component (110, 773, 873, 912, 922, 943, 952, 982 , 1110, 210, 310,311,962,9ö3,972,973,974) having a wood cross section (410, 510, 610, 721, 722, 723, 762, 821, 822, 823, 872) and a concrete component (101, 201, 202, 911, 921 941, 942, 943, 981, 871, 1120, 301, 961, 971) with a concrete cross section (420, 520, 620, 711, 712, 713, 811, 812, 813, 861), the wood concrete Composite elements are at least partially prefabricated and then merged in the factory or later on the site, the compounds or couplings (641, 642) of the individual components with each other and / or other components non-positively and / or positively and / or materially partly through force transmission only via the wood cross section (610) or partly by force transmission only over the concrete cross section (520,771,871), or partly by the wood cross section (410, 762, 831, 862) as well as by the concrete cross section (421,761,861) is given. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the compounds of the individual components consisting of wood-concrete composite elements with each other and / or with other components by geometric positive engagement (763), by mechanical connection means (865, 1010), by Flächenverklebungen (1090, -1150 ), by adhesive bonds (1010, 1080), by welded joints (1013, -1051) and / or by concrete grouting (1070, 1141). Building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connection of the concrete cross-sections and wood cross-sections with each other to form a wood-concrete composite element by geometric form-fitting (321,763,1140), by mechanical connection means (221, 224, 530, 874), by surface bonds (320, 1150), by adhesive bonds (122, 430, 431, 433, 530, 630, 774, 1080, 1130) and / or by concrete grouting (1070, 1141). Building according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wood-concrete composite elements of at least one timber component (110, 912, 922, 982) and at least one concrete component (101, 911, 921, 981) consist, at least one having frictionally connected surface to each other. Building according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wood-concrete composite elements consist of at least two wooden components (310, 311, 962, 963, 972, 973, 974) and an intermediate concrete component (301, 961, 971) , wherein at least one non-positively connected surface between the timber members (310, 311, 962.963, 972.973.974) and the concrete component (301, 961, 971) consists. Building according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wood-concrete composite elements of a wooden component (210, 943) and at least two concrete components (201, 202, 941, 942), wherein at least one non-positively connected surface between the Wooden component (210, 943) and the concrete components (201, 202, 941, 942) consists. Building according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wood-concrete composite elements are provided with insulating, insulating, protective and / or covering materials. Building according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the insulation (130, 230, 330, 331, 731,732,733, 831,832,833) and / or installations (350) are introduced in the factory and / or on the construction site between the wood cross sections. Building according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they are used by way of example in residential buildings, commercial buildings, industrial buildings, sports facilities, factories, parking garages, stadiums, towers, bridges as creative and / or sustainable components. Building according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the timber components as one-piece cross sections, such as beams, rafters, binders, plates, discs, planks and / or multi-part cross sections, such as truss girders, Triangle strut beams, I-beams, T Carrier, box girders, web plates are created. Building according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the concrete components as one-piece cross-sections, such as beams, columns, plates, discs and / or multi-part cross sections, such as TT carrier, I-beam, T-beam, box girder, Web plates, Π plates are created.

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