EP4416344A1

EP4416344A1 - Wood-concrete composite floor having a planar wood element, method for production of same, and constructions having such a wood-concrete composite floor

Info

Publication number: EP4416344A1
Application number: EP22802120.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Christian Kündig; Benjamin KREIS; Wolfram KÜBLER
Original assignee: Implenia Schweiz Ag; Waltgalmarini Ag
Current assignee: Implenia Schweiz Ag; Waltgalmarini Ag
Priority date: 2021-10-17
Filing date: 2022-10-16
Publication date: 2024-08-21
Also published as: JP2024536489A; CA3235903A1; WO2023062238A1; AU2022364172A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a wood-concrete composite floor having a planar wood element, by means of which spans can be achieved with little dependence on the relative inherent weight of the floor. The floor layer construction includes a wood layer, an insulating layer and a concrete layer (4). In one embodiment, the layer construction is interrupted by at least one bearing means (8), in that this bearing means traverses at least the concrete layer (4) and the insulating layer and extends downwards at least as far as the wood layer. This internal bearing means (8) can also be created in variants which project out of the composite layers. In a different embodiment, for a high level of soundproofing the floor comprises in its insulating layer two insulating materials of different densities, wherein the denser insulating material rests directly on the wood layer, and this is intended to act as a vibration damping means. In a further embodiment, the wood panels of the wood-concrete composite floor that form the planar wood element are pressed together in order to convey tensile forces therethrough. According to the invention, the efficiency during the production of wood-concrete composite floors having large spanned dimensions can be significantly increased. (Figure 5 m)

Description

Wood-concrete composite ceiling with a flat wooden element, method for their production and buildings with such a wood-concrete composite ceiling

The invention relates to a wood-concrete composite ceiling with a flat wooden element. Compared to pure concrete ceilings, this ceiling is characterized by a significantly lower dead weight. Also in comparison to conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings, the ceiling according to the invention impresses with a lighter and slimmer construction. With this ceiling system, spans can be realized with an extremely small dependence on the relative dead weight of the ceiling (i.e. calculated on the ceiling area). The invention also relates to a method for producing such ceilings, a use and a building with one or more such wood-concrete composite ceilings.

Long span ceilings are very desirable. Especially in multi-storey buildings such as high-rise buildings, they offer a gain in space utilization and variable options in the floor plan design of the floors. In addition, large ceiling tensioning masses also create flexibility in a later conversion, because fewer load-bearing walls and supports then have to be installed on one floor. Realizing large slab spans with wood-concrete composite slabs would definitely be very desirable. A large span, however, poses the same challenge for every ceiling plan: In order to be able to apply the required bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity, the ceiling requires sufficient static height. This in turn is reflected in its own weight - as is the case with a wood-concrete composite ceiling. In its conventional design with the concrete on wood, the dead weight of the ceiling increases in proportion to the height. This places corresponding demands on the vertical support structure and foundation of the building on which the loads have to be supported. This is a major challenge, especially in high-rise buildings with many floors. In addition, a high slab thickness also has a negative effect on the utilization, because fewer floors can then be realized for a certain height of a building. It would therefore be desirable to be able to realize higher spans without the disadvantages mentioned thanks to special wood-concrete composite ceilings.

Although wood-concrete composite ceilings with wooden beams, i.e. with linear wooden components, can already be found today in office and residential buildings and sometimes also in high-rise buildings, the wood-concrete composite ceiling construction has not yet solved all the problems in order to finally fully to assert width. The way in which the ceilings mentioned are used, namely interspersed with wooden beams, is only partially satisfactory from an architectural point of view. The ecological potential of wood as a building material cannot be adequately developed with the comparatively modest use of wood as a mere axis grid through the ceiling. Quite apart from its properties as a CO2 store, wood entails comparatively low pollutant emissions during processing and also requires little energy during installation. The larger dimensioning of the wood component in a wood-concrete composite ceiling would therefore only have a positive effect on the climate balance of a building, which would be very desirable in any case. However, one is confronted with two problems.

On the one hand, the use of more wood in the composite floor also calls more restrictive fire protection measures. Structural and architectural requirements could be met at the same time in the execution of a wood-concrete composite ceiling with a flat wooden element, because such a ceiling as the bottom composite layer could offer a finished and aesthetically pleasing view from below. However, there are restrictions here, which is why a combustible flat wooden element must not be exposed on the room side, especially not in rooms with large spans. The fire protection regulations tend to be all the more restrictive the more stories a building has or the longer the evacuation routes are, whereby the use and occupancy of the building naturally also play a role.

[0006] On the other hand, a larger proportion of wood in a wood-concrete composite ceiling means that it also offers less soundproofing. As a much lighter composite partner than concrete, wood is much more likely to be excited to vibrate. Structure-borne noise can therefore spread relatively easily in a wood-concrete composite ceiling with a flat wooden element and be perceived by the building users. This hinders the use of such ceilings, particularly in residential construction, in office building construction, in educational establishments such as schools, universities, libraries, etc. and generally wherever high demands are placed on sound insulation. In particular, this means that in buildings with separate usage units, such as apartment and office units, room units of educational institutions, etc., which have to be acoustically separated from different usage parties, the ceiling must be interrupted at the transition points of the individual units. This has a negative effect on both the ceiling statics and the efficiency of the ceiling installation.

The problems explained mean that conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings with a flat wooden element cannot be used with large spans: firstly because of the proportional increase in dead weight, secondly because of the fire protection requirements and thirdly because of the favored sound propagation. With such ceilings, the utility or living units of a building cannot be sensibly spanned, so as before Comparatively small-span ceiling elements are used, which also affects the construction and assembly efficiency.

Numerous structures including wood and concrete components have become known in the prior art over the past few decades. A few such design proposals are presented below.

[0009] US Pat. No. 2,268,311 A, published in 1941, discloses a floor construction with a concrete supporting structure. The concrete top layer with its V-shaped cross-section and downwards projecting ribs is completely bordered on its underside. Finally, a lower, horizontally running layer of plaster covering can be hung on it, as follows: According to the embodiment shown in FIG postponed. The tips of the individual wooden slats touch each other just below the flange. In another variant according to FIG. 7, the slats are pushed along a precisely fitting recess in the longitudinal direction of the ribs over an inverted U-shaped hanger fastened therein and then the ends of the hanger are bent laterally. Plaster boards can be attached to the slats fastened in this way. The connections between the concrete structure and the plaster base battens are only realized at the points on the beams where the battens are suspended.

In CH 223 498, published in 1942, a wood-concrete composite structure is presented in which the load-bearing wood component is designed in the form of wooden beams. These wooden beams have recesses on their upper side, into which the concrete can penetrate from above and fill them. The interlocking of wood and concrete creates a shear-resistant surface adhesion. Fillers, so-called hourdis, are laid between the wooden beams, each of which is supported on a wooden beam at the side. Here, too, shear connections are only realized at the points of the beams. Another proposal for a wood-concrete construction can be found in EP 0 280 228 A1, published in 1988. The load-bearing wooden component of the floor structure presented therein is again designed in the form of parallel and spaced beams. These form the bottom edge of the floor. Above this, held by formwork, is an insulating layer, over which the concrete top layer is finally placed. The latter is connected to the wooden beams via steel tubes. For this purpose, there are recesses in both the formwork and the insulating layer, through which the connecting pipes penetrate downwards into the wooden beams. With their upper end section, the connecting pipes are cast in the concrete of the upper ceiling. The shear connection is thus only realized at the points of the beams.

In DE 10 37 687 B, published in 1958, a reinforced concrete ribbed or reinforced concrete beam floor is disclosed. In-situ concrete ribs shaped downwards are bordered on the sides by support rails made of wood, metal or plastic. These support rails serve as supports for prefabricated concrete slabs. On the other hand, they act together with a plaster base arranged below them, namely a tubular mesh mat, panel or lightweight panel, as permanent formwork for the in-situ concrete ribs. On the one hand, the support rails are supported on a load-bearing wall and, on the other hand, on a wooden yoke made of supports and crossbeams. The document does not disclose shear connectors that engage both the concrete and the bearing battens or the timber truss.

[0013] Document FR 2 143 603 A1, published in 1973, discloses a floor construction including a steel beam with inverted built-in T-profile. Hourdis are placed on the shoulders of the fallen T-beam, forming lost formwork. The relatively thick, middle layer of the Hourdis consists of a foamed lightweight material (foamed polyurethane, Styrofoam or material that has become known under the brand name Klegecell), covered on top by an upper insulation layer of greater density (consisting of e.g. asbestos cement panels, plasterboard or similar). Below the foamed lightweight material is a layer of chipboard or similar. The insulating material of the upper Hourdis layer thus has a much greater density than the foamed lightweight material of the thick, middle Hourdis layer, which in turn rests on the wood chip layer. Suspended from this Hourdis or nailed to the chipboard from below is another layer of the same foamed lightweight material of the thick, middle Hourdis layer. This is provided below with a plasterboard layer as a visual finish. Again, no shear connection with shear connectors protruding into the concrete as well as into the wood is disclosed.

[0014] US 2018/0328019 A1 shows a floor-ceiling field made up of a floor panel and a ceiling panel spaced apart therefrom, with girders installed in between in the form of steel profiles with a C-shaped cross section. The connection between the floor and ceiling panels is formed solely by these metal beams made of aluminum or steel, which are screwed to a metal partition layer at the top and to a ceiling layer advantageously made of non-combustible material at the bottom. In the cavities formed between the floor and ceiling panels, through which the metal beams also extend, an insulating material for thermal or acoustic insulation is inserted at a distance from the lower ceiling layer.

[0015] Finally, US 2006/179741 A1, published in 2006, presents a board stacking system. The individual board stack elements are stacked on edge and connected with hardwood dowels. For this purpose, boreholes are made in the board stack elements, into which the dowels are inserted. Because the moisture content of the dowels during installation is lower than that of the plank stack elements, which are made of softwood, a moisture balance is established over time. The hardwood dowels expand or swell. An isotropic contact pressure arises, directed radially towards the inner walls of the boreholes of the stacked board elements. The cohesion of the board stack elements is due to this alone. The individual hardwood dowels preferably pierce the entire stack of boards. Alternatively, a single hardwood dowel can also be shorter be executed. However, due to the contact pressure from the dowels, the board stack elements are not tensioned against each other. The board stack elements can, however, be tensioned along their length, for which purpose recesses are planed out in their lowest section, which form channels when the board stack elements are put together, for inserting a cable or similar. Such a board stack timber construction system is also suitable for timber Concrete composite floors, as will be explained later.

[0016] CA 2 176 450 A1, published in 1997, presents a wooden beam consisting of numerous individual wooden components stacked together in the transverse direction of the beam. A cable runs through these wooden components and is stretched on both sides of the wooden beam. For this purpose, an anchor plate or a hollow box is placed on the outermost wooden components of the beam and the cable is finally clamped to it using a hydraulic press. This type of bracing is suitable where there is space on both sides of a wooden beam, for example in the case of a mast beam that is stored at a distance from its actual concrete base.

With the exception of the last two documents mentioned above, all of the solutions cited disclose beams (wooden, concrete, metal beams) or downwardly formed cantilevers of concrete of the concrete top slabs. It is noticeable that connections between the concrete and the wood (regardless of whether the wood component of the respective construction has a load-bearing function at all) run through the beams or cantilevers of the concrete. This leads to significant concentrations of weight in the ceiling at these very points where the concrete joins the wood. Such a wood-concrete connection correlates accordingly with the total weight of the ceiling. In general, when wood-concrete connections such as shear connectors are arranged in one or more beams and/or in concrete-filled notches of the wood component or in cantilevers of the concrete, the construction of a wood-concrete composite floor extending over large spans with substantial Wood content and with it The necessary strong connection to the concrete top slab proves to be very challenging, as was explained at the beginning with the help of the problem of large slab weight loads.

Against this background, it is the object of the present invention to further develop the energy-efficient construction potential of wood in a wood-concrete composite ceiling for the buildings mentioned at the outset. In particular, the ceiling should allow large spans with a small increase in dead weight. This should allow it to be spanned across rooms, and in buildings with separate residential, office or utility units also across such units. Due to its nature, the ceiling should also be able to close on the room side with a layer of wood, i.e. a basically combustible, light and therefore good sound-conducting material, while complying with fire protection and/or sound insulation requirements. In this way, the wooden layer can be experienced as a ceiling soffit in terms of interior design. The object is also to specify such a wood-concrete composite ceiling and a method for its efficient industrial production, as well as a soundproofing design of the wood-concrete composite ceiling using insulating material. Moreover, the object of the invention is to specify a building with one or more such wood-concrete composite ceilings.

[0019] This object is achieved by combinations of features according to the invention, as are expressly defined below in accordance with sections [0020] to [00120], and with reference to the claims in section [00121]. Back references with section numbering are to be understood as an aid. The following is decisive for the definition of the invention: For a device (wood-concrete composite ceiling, building) defined with a minimum number of features, any combinations with parts or all other device features are also disclosed as advantageous versions of the device. Likewise, for a method defined with a minimum number of features, any combinations with parts or all other method features are also disclosed as advantageous embodiments of the method. Likewise, with all methods, a device (wood-concrete Create or create composite ceiling, building) with their various possible device features and is disclosed in each case as an advantageous embodiment of the method. In addition, it can be used in a device (composite wood-concrete ceiling, building) with its various possible device features and is therefore disclosed as an advantageous embodiment of the use.

The invention relates to a wood-concrete composite ceiling, the supporting structure of which comprises a concrete component and a wood component connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, the ceiling having a layered structure which, from bottom to top, first has a surface area that can be subjected to tensile loads in the composite ceiling extensive wood component, namely a wood layer, followed by an insulation layer and finally a concrete layer, with shear connectors being installed in the composite floor, under which at least one shear connector protrudes both into the wood layer and into the concrete layer and thereby traverses the insulation layer, and wherein the layer structure of Ceiling is interrupted by at least one joist by measuring at least the concrete layer and the insulation layer and consequently extending down at least to the wood layer.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite floor according to the invention comprises the combination of the features according to section [0020], the at least one joist protruding partially or completely over its length from the composite floor by moving downwards and/or upwards protrudes from the same.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises the combination of the features according to one of sections [0020] or [0021], the overhang of the joist, which is partially shaped downward over its length, as a capital the support adjoining the joist is formed.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the inventive wood-concrete composite ceiling includes any combination of Features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0022], wherein the at least one beam contains reinforcing steel and/or a steel profile with at least one lower flange as reinforcement.

[0024] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0023], wherein the one joist or several joists is/are dimensioned or are dimensioned in number so that his/her weight is/are up to 10% of the total blanket weight.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0024], with an up to 50% extension of the span of the composite ceiling, up to towards a total length of 9 m of the extended span, the span-dependent weight increase of the slab does not exceed 10% of the slab weight and the slab thickness varies by only 5-10 cm, to ensure greater flexibility in the layout design.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a wood-concrete composite ceiling with any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0025], with at least two ceiling modules, a. where the ceiling modules are each created with their layer structure, so that from the bottom up first the wooden layer with the shear connectors anchored in it with their lower ends is made, then the insulating layer is formed and finally the concrete layer with its reinforcement is applied, so that the upper ends of the Shear connectors are anchored in the concrete layer, b. the ceiling modules are laid in their predetermined position on one or more carriers, with either i. connect the two ceiling modules butt together and form an interstice bounded below by a contact surface on the wooden layer of at least one of the ceiling modules, temporarily left free from application of material, and laterally by their insulation and concrete layers, or ii. at least one of the girders is a prefabricated downstand beam, which forms a lower cantilever which forms a step on both sides, on each of which steps a ceiling module on the downstand beam is then placed, with a gap above the downstand beam being left between the concrete layers of the ceiling modules supported in this way, c . a beam reinforcement is placed in the gap and connected to the adjacent concrete reinforcement, and d. the gap is filled with concrete and the beam is finished when it hardens.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the method includes the combination of the features according to section [0026], wherein for each ceiling module aO. first the wood layer is processed by inserting the shear connectors into the same and fastening them therein, with formwork enclosing the wood layer for the construction of the further layers and the formwork delimiting any contact surface on the wood layer, a1. the insulation layer is formed over the wood layer within the formwork, a2. then the reinforcement for the concrete layer is placed inside the formwork over the insulating layer, and a3. the concrete layer is poured inside the formwork and after it has hardened, the formwork is removed, with which the ceiling module is created.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the method includes the Combination of the features according to one of the sections [0026] or [0027], wherein for a beam projecting at the top dO. an upwardly extending concrete formwork adjoining the intermediate space is applied, d1 . the corresponding limited space is filled with concrete, and d2. the concrete formwork is removed again after the concrete has hardened, completing the cantilever beam at the top.

The invention also relates to a wood-concrete composite ceiling, the supporting structure of which comprises a component concrete and a component wood connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, the ceiling having a layered structure which, from bottom to top, first has a tensile load in the composite ceiling, extensive wood component, namely a wood layer, followed by an insulation layer and finally a concrete layer, with shear connectors being built into the composite floor, under which at least one shear connector protrudes both into the wood layer and into the concrete layer and thereby traverses the insulation layer, the insulation layer at least comprises two insulating materials of different densities or specific weights and the denser insulating material is arranged directly on this wooden layer that can be subjected to tensile loads in the composite ceiling or rests directly on it, which increases the inertia of the wooden layer and is intended to act as vibration damping.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises the combination of the features according to section [0029], the layer structure of the ceiling either extending over the ceiling without a beam or at least one beam running through at least the concrete layer and the insulating layer and extending itself consequently extends down at least to the layer of wood.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the inventive wood-concrete composite floor comprises the combination of features according to one of sections [0029] or [0030], with an upper layer of less dense insulation material rests on a lower layer of denser insulation material.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the inventive wood-concrete composite ceiling comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0029] to [0031], wherein a cavity is formed in the ceiling, so that the less dense insulating material Air exists, with the concrete layer resting on permanent concrete formwork over the cavity.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0029] to [0032], air being excluded as the material for the less dense insulating material or the ceiling being free of air cavities.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0029] to [0033], the difference in the densities or specific weights of the insulating materials being 0.5 to 2 t/ ^m3 .

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0029] to [0034], the bearing pressure of the denser insulating material being between 0.7 and 1.4 kN per m ² , and the bearing pressure of the less dense insulation material is between 0.1 and 0.4 kN per m ² .

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the inventive wood-concrete composite ceiling includes any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0029] to [0035], wherein the denser insulating material consists of concrete granules from broken concrete or from consists of a mixed granulate of broken concrete and masonry, and the less dense insulating material consists of lightweight material.

The invention also relates to the use of at least two insulating materials of different densities or specific weights as soundproofing by means of vibration damping of the wood layer in a wood-concrete composite floor according to any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0036 ] or the use of at least two insulating materials of different densities or specific weights in a direction-dependent arrangement or direction-dependent sequence as soundproofing by means of vibration damping of the wood layer in a wood-concrete composite floor according to any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [ 0036].

[0038] The invention also relates to a method for producing a wood-concrete composite ceiling according to any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0029] to [0036] with at least two ceiling modules, a. The ceiling modules are each created with their layer structure, so that first the wooden layer with the shear connectors anchored in it with their lower ends is produced from bottom to top, b. then the insulating layer is formed with at least two insulating materials by first introducing the denser insulating material, which increases the inertia of the wood layer and is intended to act as vibration damping, and then the less dense insulating material is arranged or a cavity is left free for this purpose, c. finally the concrete layer is created with its reinforcement, so that the shear connectors are anchored with their upper ends in the concrete layer, with their reinforcement protruding from the same for the connection to the at least second ceiling module in recesses of the concrete layer, and i.e. the finished ceiling module is laid in its predetermined position on one or more supports and connected to the at least second ceiling module by the reinforcements of the adjacent concrete layers being non-positively connected, and the recesses are then concreted.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the method includes the combination of the features according to section [0038], wherein for each ceiling module aO. First, the wood layer is processed by inserting the shear connectors into the same and fastening them therein, with formwork enclosing the wood layer for the construction of the other layers, cO. after creating the insulating layer over it, the reinforcement for the concrete layer is inserted inside the formwork, and c1. the concrete layer is poured inside the formwork and after it has hardened, the formwork is removed, with which the ceiling module is created.

The invention also relates to a wood-concrete composite ceiling, the supporting structure of which comprises a component concrete and a component wood connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, the ceiling having a layered structure which, from bottom to top, first has a tensile load in the composite ceiling, extensive wood component, namely a wood layer, followed by either an insulation layer and finally a concrete layer, or in the absence of an insulation layer followed or directly followed by a concrete layer, the wood layer including at least two butt wooden panels which are mutually tensioned, in that one wooden panel in each case presses perpendicularly against the other wooden panel on a separating plane formed when the joint is joined, with at least one recess being created in each of the wooden panels stretched against one another in this way, while leaving their underside intact, by removing material such that this at least one box-like space in the Shaped wood panel and with a recess located beyond the parting plane wood panel one forms a recessed passage spanning both wooden panels, the wooden panels, seen from the parting plane, being left intact in an area behind their one or rear box-like space extending in a direction perpendicularly away from the parting plane, and there is therefore a rear intact material for other uses form, wherein the clamping means is introduced into the passage and each end is anchored in at least one box-like space, so that the wooden panels are clamped against one another as a result of this clamping means being clamped.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises the combination of features according to section [0040], the layer structure of the ceiling either extending over the ceiling without a joist or, if there is an insulating layer, at least one joist covering at least the concrete layer and through the insulation layer and consequently extends down at least to the wood layer.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises the combination of features according to section [0040] or [0041], the area left intact directly behind one or rear box-like room and extending in a direction perpendicular to extending away from the parting plane.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0042], the area left intact extending either to one end of the wooden panel, which is opposite to the end of the wooden panel located at the parting plane, or the area extends up to a box-like space of the same wooden panel arranged for bracing with another wooden panel.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the inventive wood-concrete composite floor comprises any combination of Features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0043], wherein the clamping means strikes at a point within the wooden panel that is upstream in relation to the parting plane.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0044], the clamping means not being or not directly on a parting plane or an end surface of the wooden panel strikes.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0045], wherein the at least one box-like space is open at the top or open at the top and at the front is executed.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0046], wherein the at least one box-like space for accommodating an anchoring of the tensioning means is recessed in the shape of a cuboid .

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0047], with either i. a clamping device is loosely inserted into the passage and clamped by being attached to an intact material of the wooden panel that is formed with release and is at the front, as seen from the parting plane, which is not intact in the case of a hollow channel running in it or which, in the case of a hollow channel running in it, is for the clamping device acting orthogonally to the parting plane is not intact for this reason alone, with pressure strikes, so that the wood panels adjoining the butt joint are mutually tensioned perpendicularly to the parting plane, and/or ii. the clamping means is anchored in at least one box-like space or, seen from the parting plane, in the rear box-like space in such a way that at least one end face of the rear intact material remains free of anchoring means.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0048], wherein the passage spanning the two wooden panels is symmetrically recessed to the parting plane, so that the Recesses of the wooden panels can be manufactured identically and/or the clamping means can be used independently of the side and/or the clamping means can be used independently of the side, acting orthogonally to the parting plane.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0049], the clamping means components forming an arrangement symmetrical to the parting plane and/or the Clamping components are laid orthogonally to the parting plane.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0050], the tensioning means i. as a threaded connection with end-anchored screw heads or ii. as a lever-operated latch with clamping blocks anchored at the end and gripped by a clamping arm or iii. is realized as a wedge connection, whereby for the wedge connection that front intact material, which is not intact in the case of a hollow channel running in it or which is not intact in the case of a hollow channel running in it for the clamping means acting orthogonally to the parting plane, extends on both wooden plates to the parting plane and a clamping wedge and a counter-wedge are arranged within a box-like space of a wooden panel on this side, seen from the parting plane, behind the front intact material, and a threaded rod with the counter wedge and with a clamping block is anchored in the opposite box-like space of the wooden panel on the other side, so that when the Clamping wedge between the clamping block and the clamped wedges acting as a clamping block located at the front intact material is subjected to pressure.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0040] to [0051], the recesses each having a rear chamber and, seen from the parting plane form a front chamber, which are connected via a hollow channel in the front intact material, as a result of which this is not intact solely because of the hollow channel or whereby it is not intact solely because of the hollow channel for the clamping means acting orthogonally to the parting plane, with the clamping means at each end in the rear Chamber is anchored by means of screw heads or clamping blocks and the front chamber of a wooden panel on this side forms a common, open-topped chamber with the front chamber of the wooden panel located beyond the impact axis, with a continuous threaded connection being realized via the hollow channels and common chamber, which is realized either by stationary Turning a sleeve, a Dutch fitting or a nipple can be braced in the common chamber.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor according to any combination of features one or more of sections [0040] to [0052] in which a. the at least one recess is created in each of the wooden panels to be braced by removing material in such a way that it forms at least one box-like space, b. the wooden panels are then laid end to end, with their recesses forming a recessed passage spanning the two wooden panels, and c. the clamping means is introduced into the passage and anchored at each end in at least one or rear box-like space, d. and the clamping device is clamped from above.

[0054] According to an advantageous embodiment, the method comprises the combination of the features according to section [0053], in that i. the clamping means is loosely inserted into the passage and is anchored in such a way that it is under tensile stress on a front intact material formed with release, which in the case of a hollow channel running therein is not intact solely because of this, or which, in the case of a hollow channel running therein, for the orthogonal to the parting plane the sole reason why the effective clamping device is not intact, strikes with pressure, so that the wooden panels adjoining the butt joint are alternately clamped against each other perpendicularly to the parting plane, and/or ii. the clamping means is anchored in at least one or rear box-like space in such a way that at least one end face of the rear intact material remains free of anchoring means.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the method comprises the features according to one of sections [0053] or [0054], where a. the recesses each form a rear chamber and a front chamber, which are connected via a hollow channel in the front intact material, as a result of which this is not intact solely because of the hollow channel or whereby this is not intact solely because of the hollow channel for the clamping means acting orthogonally to the parting plane, and b. the front chamber of a wooden panel on this side forms a common, open-topped chamber with the front chamber of the wooden panel on the other side of the joint, and c. the clamping means being anchored at each end in the rear chamber by means of a screw head or clamping block, and d. a continuous threaded connection via the hollow channels and common chamber is realized, which is tightened in the common chamber by turning a socket, a Dutch screw connection or a nipple in a fixed position.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite floor according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0025], [0029] to [0036], [0040] to [0052] and one or more of the features presented in the following sections [0057] to [00111], namely:

[0057] wherein the wood layer is free of material-removing processing in the wood and thus left intact in a lowermost layer section, or the wood layer is free of material-removing processing in the wood and therefore intact in a lowermost section of its layer in relation to the layer thickness, or the wood layer in a lowest section of its layer thickness is free from material-removing processing in the wood and is therefore left intact;

[0058] wherein the at least one beam is reinforced;

[0059] wherein the at least one joist is made of reinforced concrete;

[0060] wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector traversing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite floor connects a bottom support layer to a top support layer of the composite in a shear-resistant manner;

[0061] wherein the wood layer can be subjected to tensile loads in the composite of the ceiling bottom base layer and/or the concrete layer is designed as the top base layer;

Shear forces occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed by the shear connectors in at least two distinct directions or can be absorbed to a greater extent by the shear connectors in at least two distinct directions or can be absorbed by the shear connectors in at least two distinct directions that are perpendicular to one another or can be absorbed to a greater extent by the shear connectors in at least two distinct directions perpendicular to one another, or shear forces occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed to a greater extent in two distinct directions, namely in those two mutually perpendicular directions in which the Form shear connectors per row or shear forces occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed to an increased extent by the shear connectors in two distinct directions, namely in those two mutually perpendicular directions in which the shear connectors form rows;

wherein shear forces occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed in any direction or shear forces occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed in any direction by the shear connectors;

wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector crossing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite floor protrudes simultaneously into the wood layer and into the concrete layer and is held in the wood of the wood layer and in the concrete of the concrete layer;

wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector traversing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite deck leads over an integral portion from the wood layer into the concrete layer; [0066] wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector crossing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite floor is built into the wood layer and the concrete layer in a form-fitting manner and thus without play, so that the shear connector is immovably and undeformably embedded;

[0067] wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector crossing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite floor has such a shape that it can be installed unchanged or its shape can be installed unchanged to create a shear-resistant connection between the wood layer and the concrete layer;

wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector traversing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite deck is not configured as a stirrup;

wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector traversing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite deck is non-perforated;

wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector crossing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite deck is made as a tube, profile or extruded profile, i.e. profile from an extrusion process;

wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector passing through the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite floor is designed as a tube with or without a flange, the tube having or forming a tube section with a round or elliptical cross-section or a tube section in the form of a polygonal tube;

at least one shear connector or each shear connector traversing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite deck is made in one piece;

At least one shear connector or each shear connector traversing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite ceiling protrudes with its one end section into the wood layer and with its other end section into the concrete layer, and is therefore fully embedded in the wood and concrete;

[0074] wherein at least one shear connector or each shear connector traversing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite floor runs outside the at least one joist or is not embedded in the at least one joist and/or runs outside of concrete-filled grooves of the wood layer or not in concrete-filled grooves notches of the wood layer are embedded and/or run outside of concrete overhangs from the concrete layer, in particular downward overhangs of the concrete, or is not embedded in overhangs of the concrete from the concrete layer, especially downward overhangs of the concrete;

where at least one shear connector or each shear connector passing through the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite floor does not form part of or is not connected to a joist or is not designed as a joist and/or does not form part of a concrete-filled notch of the timber layer or does not exist as such or is not connected to such and/or does not form part of or is not present as such or is not connected to any overhang of the concrete from the concrete layer, in particular a downward overhang of the concrete;

[0076] where shear connectors with a weight proportion of at least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 75% or at least 80% or at least 90% or shear connectors built into the ceiling overall outside of the at least one joist and /or outside of grooves in the wood layer filled with concrete and/or outside of concrete overhangs from the concrete layer, in particular Concrete overhangs, runs or is built in;

[0077] wherein the wood layer is designed without notches;

[0078] Shear connectors held within the wood layer and within the concrete layer are mechanically installed in the composite floor or the shear connection between the wood layer and concrete layer is realized exclusively by mechanically installed shear connectors, which are held within the wood layer and within the concrete layer, whereby the shear connection is neither is realized via a form fit or via a surface composite;

wherein the at least one shear connector or each shear connector traversing the insulation layer or each shear connector of the composite deck is held within the wood layer by means of pressing and/or gluing;

[0080] wherein at least one shear connector, whose end sections protrude into the wood layer and into the concrete layer, leads directly through the insulating material of the insulating layer and is thus surrounded on all sides by it, the insulating material not consisting of air;

[0081]wherein each shear connector traversing the insulating layer, with its end sections protruding into the wood layer and into the concrete layer, leads directly through the insulating material of the insulating layer and is thus surrounded on all sides by the insulating material, the insulating material not consisting of air;

[0082] wherein the insulation layer is of the same thickness up to and/or up to the shear connector passing through it and any existing joists;

[0083] wherein the insulation material of the insulation layer is held completely by the wood layer and therefore does not require a lower formwork;

The wood layer with uniaxial load-bearing effect of the ceiling, ie at uniaxial load transfer of the ceiling, which can be subjected to tensile loads in the direction of the load transfer;

[0085] wherein the wood layer can be subjected to tensile loads over the maximum span of the ceiling;

[0086]wherein the wood layer can be subjected to tensile loads over the entire length or along the entire length of the at least one joist;

wherein the layer of wood is configured so that it need not itself rest on one or more joists running beneath it;

[0088] wherein the layer of wood is configured in such a way that it does not in turn have to rest on one or more joists designed as wooden beams running below it;

[0089] wherein the bottom layer portion of the wood layer extends comprehensively over the entire wood layer;

[0090] wherein the wood layer terminates with its lowest layer section towards the bottom;

[0091] wherein the wood layer forms a continuous underside with its lowest layer section;

[0092] wherein the wood layer encloses or is formed from wood panels which are flat edged butting against one another;

[0093] wherein the recess is created by removing material in such a way that it forms at least one box-like space within the wooden panel when viewed from above;

[0094] where the bracing of the at least two butt ends, mutually tensioned wooden panels means that the same are tensioned against one another with a permanent tension force, and are not merely held in position relative to one another;

[0095] wherein the clamping of the at least two butt-joint wooden panels alternately clamped against each other is realized via a panel area on both sides of a parting plane of the two wooden panels clamped against each other, which panel area includes only part of a length of the wooden panel in the clamping direction;

the lowermost layer portion of the wood layer there forming a layer having a height;

[0097] wherein the wood of the lowermost layer section of the wood layer is seamlessly continuous except for seams at locations and/or along the parting planes, which run perpendicular to the direction of tension of the wooden panels tensioned against one another;

[0098] wherein the wood layer is left intact on its underside free of material-removing machining;

[0099] wherein the wood layer is left intact on its underside without interventions or incisions or millings;

[00100]whereby the underside delimiting the wood layer towards the bottom forms a ceiling underside left intact;

[00101]whereby the layer of wood closes off towards the bottom as a flat soffit;

[00102]wherein the bottom layer portion has an upward dimension or height; wherein the upward extension of the bottom layer portion or the height of the bottom layer portion is at least 5 mm, or at least 10 mm, or at least 15 mm, or at least 20 mm, or at least 25 mm;

[00104]wherein the wood layer is not composed of wooden beams arranged in a row or the wood layer does not consist of components in the form of individual wooden beams or the wood layer does not include any components in the form of individual wooden beams;

[00105] wherein the wood layer is made of a wood material made of cross-laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber or solid wood;

wherein the wood layer is not formed from board stacks;

wherein the wood layer is not formed from wood chip materials;

[00108] wherein the course of the layers of the ceiling continues on both sides of the at least one joist;

[00109]whereby the at least one joist or a projection of the concrete of the concrete layer, in particular a projection of the concrete downwards, is flush with the wood layer;

[00110] wherein shear connectors are installed in the composite floor, under which at least one shear connector protrudes both into the wood layer and into the concrete layer and thereby traverses the insulating layer;

[00111] wherein the wood layer in the composite ceiling is subjected to tensile stress when the ceiling is installed;

In addition, the invention relates to a building with one or more built-in wood-concrete composite floors with any combination of Features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0025], [0029] to [0036], [0040] to [0052], [0056] to [00111].

An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a building with the combination of features according to section [00112], whereby it can be used as a residential and/or office building, administration building, school, educational establishment, meeting place, trade fair or town hall, congress and concert hall, library, museum, archive, shopping mall, hotel, swimming pool, sports stadium, train station or airport.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a building with the combination of features according to one of sections [00112] or [00113], wherein it is designed as a high-rise building with a total height of 25 m or more.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a building according to one or more of sections [00112] to [00114] with one or more built-in wood-concrete composite ceilings with any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0025], [0029] to [0036], [0040] to [0052], [0056] to [00111], wherein the ceilings are in a horizontal position and/or in an inclined position of up to 45° or in an inclined position of up to 60° “are installed;

An advantageous embodiment of the invention also relates to a method with any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0026] to [0028], [0038] to [0039], [0053] to [0055].

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a method with any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0026] to [0028], [0038] to [0039], [0053] to [0055] for creating a Wood-concrete composite floors having any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0025], [0029] to [0036], [0040] to [0052], [0056] to [00111]. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a method with any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0026] to [0028], [0038] to [0039], [0053] to [0055] for creating a Structure having any combination of features according to one or more of Sections [00112] to [00115].

In addition, an advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to use with the combination of features according to section [0037] in a wood-concrete composite floor with any combination of features according to one or more of sections [0020] to [0025], [ 0029] to [0036], [0040] to [0052], [0056] to [00111].

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to use with the combination of features according to Section [0037] in a wood-concrete composite floor with any combination of features according to one or more of Sections [0020] to [0025], [ 0029] to [0036], [0040] to [0052], [0056] to [00111], incorporated in a structure having any combination of features according to one or more of sections [00112] to [00115].

The object of the invention is also achieved by a wood-concrete composite ceiling with the features according to one of claims 1, 10 or 20. Advantageous embodiments of the inventive wood-concrete composite ceiling are in the dependent claims 2 to 6, 11 to 16, 21-30 and 34-86. Furthermore, the task is solved by a method with the features according to one of claims 7, 18 or 31 and advantageous embodiments of the method according to claims 8 to 9, 19, 32 to 33 and 91 to 93 Claim 17 or as an advantageous embodiment of the use according to one of claims 94 or 95. A solution to the problem is also provided by a building according to claim 87 and advantageous embodiments of the building according to claims 88 to 90.

Because with the inventive wood-concrete composite floor large Allowing spans to be spanned and at the same time offering an attractive appearance, they can find an extremely wide and varied range of uses, not only in residential buildings, but also in office buildings and public administration buildings, especially with open-plan office concepts, in schools and educational institutions, but also in particularly large ones dimensioned buildings such as meeting places, exhibition and city halls, congress and concert halls, libraries, museums, archives, shopping centers, hotels, swimming pools, sports stadiums, train stations and airports, to name a few such buildings with usually large ceilings. A typical area of application for the ceiling according to the invention relates to multi-storey construction, in particular high-rise construction, because apartments and/or office units of different sizes and varying floor plans are to be accommodated there regularly and the ceiling offers this flexibility thanks to the tensioning mass that can be realized with it. Compared to a conventional ceiling system, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention also relieves the load on the supporting structure and foundation of the building, especially in the case of high-rise buildings. And even then, or particularly when high demands are placed on soundproofing, the ceiling design according to the invention can impress with its comparatively light weight. It thus meets modern demands for sustainable, environmentally friendly construction and living quality at the same time and is therefore ideal for urban multi-storey and high-rise construction. The height of a building from which it qualifies as a high-rise building according to the applicable standards usually varies between around 25 and 50 meters for its overall height. In the following, a high-rise is always understood to mean a building with a total height of approx. 25 meters or more. It goes without saying that the ceiling according to the invention can also be installed to advantage in less complex or less demanding building structures and its field of application relates generally, although not exclusively, to building construction.

In the figures, the inventive wood-concrete composite ceiling and a building with one or more such built-in ceilings is illustrated using exemplary embodiments and in the following description their characteristics and their production are described in detail and explained.

It shows:

FIG. 1a: An example of a conventional wood-concrete composite ceiling with linear wooden components and connecting elements running along them, shown in a perspective top view;

FIG. 1b: An example of a conventional wood-concrete composite ceiling with a flat wooden element made from a stack of boards with connecting elements running in grooves therein, partially cut open, shown in a perspective plan view;

FIG. 2a: A cross section through the layer structure of an embodiment of the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention with a reinforced concrete beam embedded internally in the ceiling;

FIG. 2b: A cross-section through the layered structure of an embodiment of the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention with a joist embedded internally in the ceiling, which encloses a steel girder;

FIG. 3: A cross section through the layer structure of another

Execution of the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention with a two-layer insulation layer;

Figure 4a: A longitudinal section through a wooden panel with a loosely inserted

Anchor for the tension-locked connection to another wooden panel;

FIG. 4b: A longitudinal section through two flat-edged butt joints

Wooden panels before creating a tension-locked connection of the wooden panels; FIG. 4c: The longitudinal section through the configuration according to FIG. 4b, but now with wooden panels clamped together in a non-positive manner;

FIG. 4 d: A longitudinal section through two butt joints

Wooden panels, which are braced against each other with a loosely inserted tension lock;

FIG. 4e: A feed spindle with threaded rods and a sleeve running thereon;

FIG. 4f: A cross-section through the anterior one formed with release

Intact material of a wooden panel with variously shaped incisions or millings for the clamping device connection, viewed in the direction of the impact axis towards the separating plane of the wooden panels;

FIG. 4g: A longitudinal section through two butt joints

wooden panels, which are braced against each other with a tension lock screwed into the wooden panels;

FIG. 4h: a cross section through a recess in a wooden panel with a clamping block anchored at the side;

FIG. 4i: A longitudinal section through two butt joints

Wooden panels that are braced against each other by means of wedge bracing;

Figure 4 j: A clamping wedge with a U-shaped incision or

milling, with which it can be slipped over a threaded rod;

Figure 4 k: A longitudinal section through two subsequent shock, with

Wedge bracing Wooden panels braced against each other in a symmetrical manner along the parting plane of the wooden panels bracing arrangement;

FIG. 5 a-m: A method for producing a wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention in chronological order;

FIG. 6: A schematic structural concept of an inventive

Wood-concrete composite ceiling based on an example floor plan, with advantageously arranged internal beams;

FIG. 7: A cross section through a wood-concrete joint according to the invention

Composite slab with internal joist, with a view of the top and bottom of the slab-joined columns running behind the plane of the drawing;

FIG. 8: A cross section through a wood-concrete joint according to the invention

Composite slab with a beam internally embedded in the slab and protruding at the top, the overhang of which is integrated into a hollow floor, with a view of the supports adjoining the slab at the top and bottom, which run behind the plane of the drawing;

FIG. 9: A cross section through a wood-concrete joint according to the invention

Composite slab with a beam embedded internally in the slab and projecting at the bottom, with a view of the columns adjoining the slab at the top and bottom, which run behind the plane of the drawing;

Figure 10a: A cross-section analogous to Figure 9, with the overhang of the internal beam formed as an arm of a capital extending from the lower support on both sides perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and sloping downwards towards the support on the one visible here Page with broken guides is indicated;

Figure 10b: A section through the support configuration according to section line A-A in Figure 10a, with a view of the capital extending lengthwise behind the plane of the drawing, with the associated part of the beam connecting at the top, as can be seen in Figure 10a is concealed by the layered composite of the ceiling running in the plane of the sheet, and the ceiling encloses two further, internally routed beams which extend away from the upper support on both sides perpendicular to the plane of the sheet, one beam of which can be seen in cross-section;

FIG. 11: The outline of a building with at least one and typically a large number of built-in wood-concrete composite ceilings according to the invention.

For the present disclosure, some terms are defined below:

• Wood-concrete composite slab: A slab whose load-bearing structure comprises a concrete component (concrete element) and a timber component (wooden element) connected to it in a shear-resistant manner;

• Shear connection in a wood-concrete composite floor: Shear-resistant connection which offers sufficient resistance to shearing of the concrete load-bearing element from the wood load-bearing element.

• Layer: A uniform (i.e. not interspersed with another type of mass or otherwise affected by a material change occurring over the expansion of the layer) mass lying in a planar extent at a certain height above, below or between other things, thus having a height in addition to the planar extent;

• Wood layer of the wood-concrete composite floor: layer of wood lying in the composite of said floor / planar wood element / planar extended wood, in contrast to wood in the form of beams; • Supporting elements: In addition to their shape, these are differentiated by the type of load transfer into bar and surface structures or columns, beams or arches (bar structures) and disks, plates and shells (surface structures).

• Rods: One-dimensional, i.e. linear elements are rods whose cross-sectional dimensions for the width (b) and for the height (h) are small compared to their length (I). In general, the delimitation is: I > 2b and I > 2h;

• Columns: Beams loaded mainly in their axis;

• beams: mainly perpendicular to their axis, i.e. bars subjected to bending;

• Ceiling joist: beam that absorbs the load of the ceiling and transfers it to other components;

• Base layer: part of the structure designed as a layer.

First, a section of a conventional wood-concrete composite ceiling with linear wooden components is described and explained with reference to FIG. 1a. In the example shown, the wooden beams 5, which are spaced apart from one another and project visibly into the interior of the building, follow from bottom to top, then permanent concrete formwork 2 and finally the concrete layer 4. A number of wood-concrete connecting elements 6, here in the form of regular along the wooden beams 5 are arranged at an oblique angle and cross in pairs 6, penetrating the composite. The formwork 2 also marks the parting line between the wooden structure and the concrete layer 4 created above it, in which the upper sections of the screws 6 are cast and produce a shear-resistant connection with the wooden beams 5 . A minimum reinforcement (not visible in FIG. 1a) is cast into the concrete layer 4 for absorbing tensile stresses and for minimizing cracks in the concrete. The wooden beams 5 are mainly subjected to tension, while the concrete of the concrete layer 4 is primarily subjected to compression.

In Figure 1 b is a section of an alternative embodiment of a conventional wood-concrete composite floor, namely a planar wood-concrete composite floor. The wooden structure is designed as a flat wooden element or as a wooden layer 1, usually made of a wood material such as cross laminated timber, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber or solid wood. In the example shown here, the wood layer 1 is formed from board layers arranged vertically one behind the other and stacked on edge, which are also called board stack elements. To connect these elements without glue, hardwood dowels are installed dry in the elements perpendicular to their surface and precisely fitting drill holes are drilled into the adjacent elements. After the kiln-dried dowels have been inserted into the boreholes of the adjacent board stack element, when the wooden dowels become saturated with moisture, they swell and are thus pressed into the boreholes. In the wood layer 1 formed in this way, spaced-apart grooves or notches 7 are embedded. In it, connecting elements 6, here in the form of dowels or screws, are introduced as shear connectors perpendicular to the ceiling surface. After creating the concrete layer 4, the concrete-filled corrugations 7 with their connecting elements 6 act as compound joints. In this embodiment of the wood-concrete composite ceiling, too, a minimum reinforcement is placed in the concrete layer 4 to absorb the tensile stresses and avoid cracking. Such a conventional planar wood-concrete composite ceiling can probably be realized in single-family houses or other buildings with small ceiling spans and low protection requirements. The larger the ceiling construction is and the higher the protection requirements of a building, the less worthwhile it is to use them.

In order to be able to use conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings in multi-party buildings, high-rise buildings or other large-scale buildings, greater demands are made on their load-bearing capacity, especially if large/long spans are to be realized. As explained at the beginning, the structural strength of the ceiling, ie its height, must then be more pronounced so that it becomes more rigid. For a conventional ceiling structure such as that shown in FIG. 1b, this means that the load-bearing composite layers must be higher or thicker than the ceiling more massive and heavier. If the costs are broken down according to the ceiling composite partner (wood, concrete, shear composite and ancillary work included), around 60% or even more in phases of high raw material prices are attributable to the wood portion alone. A thicker layer of wood 1 then leads to a significant increase in the cost of the ceiling. If instead mainly or even only the concrete layer 4 is made thicker, the wood partner, as a comparatively thin layer, can soon no longer pay for the contribution in the composite that was actually intended for him. The concrete-wood ratio in the bond is getting worse. The question then arises as to the usefulness of the comparatively expensive wooden layer 1 in a ceiling which, in view of the concrete mass to be used, could also be made entirely of concrete. However, if a classic concrete ceiling is installed, the omission of the wooden layer 1 results in a significantly higher dead weight. For comparison: reinforced concrete has a density of approx. 2.5 t/m ³ , while that of wood and wood-based materials is 3-10 times less (eg spruce wood: 0.35 t/m ³ ). As a result, it turns out that increasing or lengthening the span of a ceiling can only be achieved by using significantly more material, which is important overall - and especially when using a lot of concrete. With a proportional increase in the composite layers of a planar wood-concrete composite floor, a 50% increase in the span, eg from 6 m to 9 m, is accompanied by an approx. 50% to 70% increase in the weight of the floor due to the span. With the designs of the wood-concrete composite ceilings according to the invention described below, however, a 50% extension of the span, eg from 6 m to 9 m, can be realized with a span-dependent weight increase of the ceiling of 10% or less. The ceiling thickness only varies by approx. 5-10 cm. Typically, the span-dependent weight increase with a 1.5-fold increase in the slab span, for example from 6 m to 9 m, is only approx. 5-7% of the slab weight, with a variation in slab thickness of around 5-7 cm. This enables a level of flexibility in the floor plan design that was previously unknown for wood-concrete composite ceilings.

In Figure 2a is a cross section through the layer structure of an embodiment the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention is shown with a flat wooden element. In this version, it has a special feature: a linear beam that is embedded within the spatial extent of the ceiling and is therefore referred to as an 'internal beam'. It penetrates at least the concrete layer 4 and the insulation layer 3 and thus interrupts the layer structure 3, 4 of the ceiling, so that the composite layers 3, 4 are spatially attached to each lateral flank 16 of the beam 8, which extends perpendicularly to the plane of the page in Figure 2a adjoin, ie connect to the same on both sides. In the present embodiment, the height H of the internal beam 8, which is made of reinforced concrete, is 280 mm and its width B is 600 mm. This mass of the beam 8 is to be understood here only as an example mass. They are chosen according to the building-specific requirements, but typically lie in the ranges between 300 mm and 700 mm for the width of the joist 8 and between 150 mm and 350 mm for its height. The joist 8 here is flush with the surface of the concrete layer 4 and extends downwards to the flat wooden element, ie the wooden layer 1. In a variant of the internal joist 8 that projects from the ceiling, as will be presented later, its height usually measures even between 400 and 700 mm. Depending on requirements, the beams 8 can also be combined in a ceiling with different dimensions or with and without a cantilever. As mentioned, the internal joist 8 presented here extends down to the wood layer 1, with which it is non-positively connected. In the present case, connecting elements 6 in the form of wood construction screws are introduced into the wood layer 1 . These were screwed here at right angles into the wood layer 1 and thus arranged within the joist 8 to save as much space as possible. Depending on this, they can also be screwed in at an oblique angle. The upper part of the connecting elements or wood construction screws 6 protruding from the wood layer 1 is cast into the concrete of the internal beam 8 , which creates an intimate connection between the concrete of the beam 8 and the wood layer 1 . Other wood-concrete connecting means 6 such as metal fasteners or composite dowels can also be inserted mechanically by hand or glued in, or the internal joist 8 can be glued to the wooden layer 1 over the entire area. In relation to the wooden subfloor 1, the internal joist 8 connected to it with a non-positive fit acts as a covering.

The use of wood materials, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), and in particular also laminated veneer lumber (LVL), has proven to be advantageous for the wood layer 1 . Compared to fiber-parallel arrangements of laminate layers, those with a cross-laid proportion fundamentally lead to increased directional independence of the laminate, and consequently to greater rigidity and strength of the laminate as a whole. Sometimes this enables a slim design of the wood layer 1. Glass or carbon fiber reinforced variants of such cross-layered wood materials are also suitable for a rigid wood layer 1. A LVL made of beech wood is preferably used, called 'BauBuche' in German-speaking expert circles. Thanks to its extraordinarily high strength and rigidity, BauBuche can be processed into much slimmer components than softwood materials. In a typical embodiment of the floor, the wood layer 1 forms a 60 mm thick - and thus only about half as thick - subfloor as in comparable planar wood-concrete composite floors according to the prior art.

In the space between the wood layer 1 and the concrete layer 4, an insulating layer 3 is accommodated. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the insulating layer 3 is made of multiple layers of insulating materials of different densities or different specific weights, with the layer of greatest density resting on the wood layer 1 at the bottom. This will be discussed later. As a result of the spacing of the concrete top cover from the wooden subfloor 1, a static height is created which applies a large bending resistance. In the present example, this spacing or the height of the intermediate space is 170 mm and is also usually between 100 and 250 mm, preferably between 120 mm and 190 mm high in other versions of the ceiling. In this embodiment, shear connectors 9 in the form of steel tubes are installed between the wood layer 1 and the concrete layer 4 and are perpendicular thereto. The load-bearing concrete and wood layers 1, 4 are connected to one another in a shear-resistant manner by means of this grid of steel tube couplings. Square or polygonal tubes or rolled sections can also be made are committed to this as long as they absorb the shearing forces or effectively prevent shearing movements between the composite layers 1, 4 as reliable spacers. Depending on how the ceiling is made up, the masses of said shear connectors 9 are usually between 200 mm and 350 mm in length/height and between 50 mm and 150 mm in diameter or across their diagonal. At the top, the shear connectors 9 protrude a bit into the concrete layer 4 in which they are concreted. Below they protrude a bit into the wood layer 1. For this purpose, the shear connectors 9 are each inserted, glued or mortared directly into a milled recess 30 in the wood layer 1 . Alternatively, they can also be used indirectly, for example by being welded into a steel frame, the steel frame then being glued or mortared into a recess 30 in the wood layer 1 . In an environmentally friendly variant, because it does not require mortar or glue, an internal thread is milled into the wood layer 1 for each steel pipe 9 to be used, in order to subsequently screw in a steel pipe 9 with an external thread at the end. Depending on the ceiling span and its payload, between three and six steel pipes per m ² are usually installed, distributed according to the shear flow.

Toward the top, the ceiling closes with the reinforced concrete upper ceiling made of concrete layer 4 and the upper section of the internal joist 8 . The reinforcement 15 of the concrete layer 4 is extended with a socket joint 14 via a connecting reinforcement 12 into the area of the internal beam 8 . For the connection reinforcement 12 bent reinforcement bars are used here. Tension reinforcement 10 and compression reinforcement 11 as well as stirrup reinforcement 13 in the internal joist 8 are also shown schematically as typical joist reinforcement 42. Optionally, a floor covering follows on top of the screed 23. A ceiling constructed in this way, including the floor covering above it, can be realized with a total thickness of between 350 mm and 450 mm. It is therefore slimmer/thinner than conventional planar wood-concrete composite floors with the same load-bearing capacity where both the concrete and the wood layer must be much stronger/thicker. For multi-story buildings, especially high-rise buildings, this has a decisive effect on the utilization of the building. With a given building height of 80 meters, for example, one to two floors more can easily be realized with the ceiling according to the invention than with conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings.

In Figure 2 b is a cross section through the layer structure of the inventive wood-concrete composite ceiling with an alternative design of the internal joist 8 is shown. In the present case, this is designed with a steel girder 20 in a modified H-profile shape and extends along its length on both sides perpendicularly to the sheet plane of FIG. 2b. The upper flange 21a of the profile 20 has deliberately shorter wings compared to the lower flange 21b, so that the timber construction screws 6 can be screwed into the wood layer 1 in situ during the assembly of the joist 8 and the access for this is free. Other profile shapes are also possible, such as inverted T-beams, L-beams, etc., which are supported with their flange 21b on the wood layer 1 and can be screwed or glued to it. With an additional upper flange 21a, however, greater rigidity can be achieved. In the case of glued steel girders 20, transverse axis-symmetrical shapes such as a symmetrical H-profile can also be installed. In the embodiment shown, the internal joist 8 contains conventional reinforcement steels as reinforcement, which is indicated in FIG. The upper section of the internal beam 8 with the connection reinforcement 12 is filled with in-situ concrete, so that a continuous concrete top layer is formed. Apparently, the internal joist 8 in this embodiment also connects to the concrete 4 and insulating layer 3 of the ceiling with each lateral flank 16, the lateral steel profile surface and the lateral concrete surface, and thus interrupts their layer structure 3, 4. For the preferred dimensions of the width B and height H of this beam 8, the above applies. Of course, a combination of internal reinforced concrete and steel profile beams 8 can also be embedded in the layered composite of a ceiling. The concept of the beams 8 embedded within the ceiling and interrupting their layer structure offers space-optimized and at the same time highly efficient bending reinforcement. With the best possible use of the gap, which increases the ceiling statically, it is flexurally stiffened with minimal weight input. The insulation material occupying the space is comparatively light, while one or more internal beams 8, heavily reinforced if necessary, are used where the reinforcement is most effective. The internal beam(s) 8 run through the ceiling as highly effective 'reinforcing ribs', regardless of room architectural peculiarities that would have to be taken into account when arranging conventional beams. Thanks to the very targeted reinforcement, the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the ceiling can be significantly increased with comparatively little use of steel and concrete. The proportion of weight of an optimized wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention, which is accounted for by the internal joist(s) 8, is only about 10% of the ceiling weight or even less. With the ceiling according to the invention, the weight saving compared to a comparable concrete ceiling is around 30%, which is considerable. A 50% extension of the span of the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention can easily be realized up to a total length of 9 m with or even less than a 10%, even 5-7% span-dependent weight increase of the ceiling.

[00134]Because with this ceiling construction, compared to planar wood-concrete composite ceilings according to the state of the art, larger clamping masses can be realized with a relatively much lower dead weight, this opens up possibilities for an increasingly space-spanning to floor-spanning ceiling design. In concrete terms, with such a ceiling plan, space-penetrating load-bearing components can be saved, primarily load-bearing walls, which permanently determine the geometry of a floor plan. The ceiling system according to the invention thus offers a great potential for changing the use of a building, with which it takes into account the ever faster changing needs of use. Apart from the economy works it has a very positive effect on the sustainability balance of a building if it can be used in a variety of ways over time without major renovations.

It goes without saying that the advantages offered by this ceiling system become all the more important in the case of large-scale buildings. However, especially in large buildings with different parts of the building and/or numerous separate units, typically for residential or office purposes, there was another reason, apart from static problems, that was previously avoided installing wood-concrete composite ceilings spanning such units with flat wooden elements . This is due to noise protection, which is regularly subject to high requirements when a building is used for non-industrial purposes. Basically, the higher the standard of a residential building, the higher the noise protection requirements.

Light components are more likely to be excited to vibrate and therefore transmit the sound better than heavy ones. Planar wood-concrete composite ceilings with a light wood layer 1 that conducts sound well and is exposed to the interior of the room therefore have a difficult starting point. Therefore, in conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings, the concrete layer 4 is often made thicker than would actually be necessary from a static point of view. For the ceiling according to the invention, soundproofing means an even greater challenge, because the ceiling fulfills the same static task with an even lower dead weight, and because the comparatively light wood layer 1 is also spaced apart from the concrete layer 4 and can therefore vibrate more or less independently.

In one embodiment of the ceiling according to the invention, this problem is addressed in that the intermediate layer 3 has at least two layers, ie multiple layers, with different insulating materials. For this purpose, the insulating layer 3 has a lower layer 3a with comparatively heavy or dense insulating material. This allows additional mass to be concentrated on and above the wood layer 1 in order to weigh it down and thus make it sufficiently inert to vibrations. The remaining space of the intermediate layer, meanwhile, is covered with a light or less dense insulation material. The The quantitative ratio of these insulating materials can be adapted to the respective noise protection regulations, so that very high requirements, such as those that are typical for an upscale residential building standard and in single-family houses, can also be met. This allows ceilings to be created across rooms and units, whereas conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings above dividing walls of apartments or offices and other separate units or parts of the building have to be cut through in order to prevent the passage of sound.

Therefore, in a preferred variant of the ceiling according to the invention, a comparatively dense or heavy insulating material is used in conjunction with a less dense or light insulating material. For this purpose, the wooden layer 1, which is spaced apart from the concrete upper ceiling by a gap, is specifically loaded for the purpose of reducing the ceiling's susceptibility to vibration.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention in a cross section through its layer structure. From bottom to top, one first sees the wood layer 1, then an insulation layer 3a made of a comparatively dense/heavy insulation material that weighs it down directly. The wood layer 1 can thus be loaded in a concentrated manner. In a preferred embodiment, an insulating material of such a density or specific weight is selected for the lower insulating layer 3a that it only takes up a maximum of half the space for the sound-specific weighting of the ceiling or wood layer, and advantageously also less than half of the gap, only a fraction, as can be seen here from FIG. The lower insulating layer 3a is followed at the top by an insulating layer 3b made of a less dense or light insulating material, which is finally covered by the concrete layer 4. In the case of more than two plies, they are arranged with decreasing weight from bottom to top, because it is primarily the wood layer 1 that is to be weighted with it. In the case of more than two layers, the density or the specific weight of their insulating materials will increase in the direction of the wood layer 1 in each case. This should be one bring about targeted loading of the wood layer 1 in order to make it sufficiently inert to vibrations. Ultimately, this means that higher soundproofing requirements can be met with a comparatively lighter total weight of the ceiling than would be the case with an undifferentiated weight input in the cavity.

A bulk material is primarily suitable as the insulating material. For the lower layer 3a, e.g. concrete granulate from concrete rubble or a mixed granulate from concrete and masonry rubble is recommended. Such granules can be made from 100% recycled building materials, which is why they are referred to as recycled concrete granules or recycled mixed granules. Filler or lean concrete, preferably made of such granules, can also be used as an insulating material for the soundproofing-specific weighting of the wooden layer 1. A lightweight material has proven to be suitable for the insulating material of the upper insulating layer 3b, for example in the form of a bulk material such as foam glass gravel, which is made from pure waste glass. Recycled building material makes up a negligible proportion of the ecological balance of a building, which is why such insulating material is to be preferred.

[00141] Furthermore, as the lightest insulating material at all, air can also be usefully used for the top layer 3a of the at least two-layered insulating layer 3 . The concrete layer 4 coming to lie over a cavity 3b formed in this way must then be supported on a permanent concrete formwork 2 towards the bottom.

Advantageously, the insulating materials of the at least two-layer insulating layer 3 have very different material densities. As a result, the weighting of the wood layer 1 is all the more concentrated and therefore more targeted, while the remaining space is not particularly important. By choosing a comparatively heavy insulation layer made of recycled concrete granules [density: approx. 1.3 to 2.0 t/m ³ ] on the top side of the wood and a significantly lighter insulation layer made of foam glass gravel [density: approx. 0.2 to 0.3 t/m ³ ] saves the ceiling according to the invention while ensuring the sound insulation requirements dead weight per ceiling area. The difference in the densities or specific weights of the two selected insulating materials is preferably about 0.5 to 2 t/m ³ . The layers 3a, 3b of insulation are then placed in an appropriate space relationship in the space 3, with the heavy layer 3a at the bottom. Very good values for the acoustic separation of room units and storeys result from a bearing pressure of the heavy insulation material of between approx. 0.7 and 1.4 kN per m ² ceiling area and of between approx. 0.1 and 0.4 kN per m ² ceiling area for the light insulation material . A contact pressure of approx. 0.9 kN per m ² ceiling area for the heavy insulation material and approx. 0.25 kN per m ² ceiling area for the light insulation material offers a good ceiling weight-acoustic ratio, depending on the specific circumstances. In any case, the space filled by the multi-layered insulation layer 3 affects the weight balance of the ceiling in such a way that it can still fulfill the task of an increased span with a minimal increase in weight and at the same time achieve high sound insulation values. With its soundproofing-specific weighting, it can individually meet the respective specifications for the sound insulation index.

As shown in FIG. 3, one or more impact sound insulation panels 22, the subfloor 23, and possibly a floor covering follow in the final construction on top of the concrete top cover. The section shown has no internal beam 8 here. It goes without saying that one or more such beams 8 can be accommodated in the same way in the vertical section next to the insulation as was shown in the preceding FIGS. 2a and 2b. The insulating layer 3 is then advantageously only interrupted structurally by one or more possible internal beams 8, apart from interruptions in the insulating layer 3 caused by the connection, as will be explained later. This type of ceiling weighting with multi-layer insulation layers 3a, 3b is used where the acoustic separation requires it. In any case, the ceiling according to the invention can also do without an internal joist arrangement in a soundproofing-optimized variant with at least two-layer insulation layer 3 . In this case, the insulation layers 3a, 3b extend over the entire span of the composite deck without to be interrupted by supporting structures. Such an embodiment of the ceiling according to the invention is used when sufficient flexural rigidity of the ceiling is ensured solely by the shear-resistant secured spacing of the wood layer 1 from the concrete layer 4 . The production of such a ceiling with at least two layers of insulating layer 3 will be discussed later.

Another key to increasing the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of a wood-concrete composite ceiling consists in the connection of wooden panels that join together to form a flat wooden element 1 . While the concrete upper deck with its reinforcement 15 is always carried out in two axes, the wood layer 1 of the deck carries - at least according to the prior art - as a whole only in one direction. It is true that the wood-based materials used in wood-concrete composite ceilings are usually at least partially cross-layered. Wood panels made of such layered wood materials can thus carry biaxially. In practice, however, the wood layer 1 of a ceiling with the usual spans can usually not be produced as a single, continuously veneered panel. Rather, this wood layer 1 is composed of several wood panels, with each ceiling element for the sake of simplicity consisting of a single veneered wood panel and the concrete top cover 4 or the composite layers 3, 4 located above it. However, so that a large-area wood layer 1, formed by a large number of adjacent ceiling element wood panels, can continuously carry biaxially, a tensile connection of the individual wood panels is required. Therefore, in one embodiment, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention provides for an intimate bracing of wooden panels that are biaxially load-bearing. In this way, a very high load-bearing capacity of the ceiling can be achieved without additional weight, especially since the weight of the connecting elements or tensioning devices is negligible.

In a preferred embodiment of the wood-concrete composite ceiling, this includes at least two wooden panels laid butt-to-butt, which are tension-locked against one another with the connection systems presented below become tense. For this purpose, at least one recess 24 is cut or milled out above the wooden panels while leaving their undersides intact in such a way that firstly they form at least one box-like space for accommodating a clamping device 26a, 26b, 26c and secondly in the abutting position of the panels these recesses 24 Wood panels overlapping, form a continuous recess 25 or a passage. Behind their rearmost box-like space 24, the wooden panels are each intact, i.e. they are not drilled, screwed on, etc. for this purpose and form rear intact material 29 that can be used elsewhere. This creates favorable space conditions in the wooden layer 1. Especially when attaching shear connectors 6 steel pipes, glue or wood-concrete connecting elements 6 placed in grooves or notches 7 in the wood layer 1 in some other way, it has proven to be advantageous to be able to use the wood layer 1 intact as much as possible for this purpose. The end face 28b of the rear intact material 29 of the wooden panel can in any case remain free of anchors for the clamping means 26a, 26b, 26c, for example also of adhesives. The clamping means 26a, 26b, 26c of the connection system, meanwhile, is inserted and mounted in the passage formed by the recesses 24 in the abutting position. At the end, the clamping means 26a, 26b, 26c is anchored in the rearmost box-like space 24, 24a of the wooden panel, so that when the clamping means 26a, 26b, 26c is subjected to tensile stress, the wooden panels anchored with it are pulled against one another and thus braced against one another. Tensile forces can be effectively conducted through a connection formed from at least two wooden panels clamped together in this way. This creates the biaxial load-bearing capacity of the wooden panels connected to form a continuous, flat wooden element 1 . Typically, several such recesses 24 are arranged at regular intervals in the wooden panels along the joint axis.

The wooden panels advantageously have recesses 24 that are identically dimensioned and arranged. In that case, wooden panels can be prefabricated with the same recesses 24 in the same place, so that when creating a connection, it is generally not necessary to pay attention to a specific side. Thus, any prefabricated wooden panel for the connection can be on this side or on the other side the shock axis lie. A recess 24 can also be formed from several smaller box-like spaces 24a, 24c and their continuous connections 24b, as will be presented later. In a preferred variant of the connection system, the clamping means 26a, 26b, 26c need only be loosely inserted into the recesses 24. For the tensioning, the tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c does not need to be screwed, dowelled, glued to the wooden panels, or fixed in any other way with engagement on the wood. Rather, the wooden panels can be left intact except for the recesses 24, which are required for bracing. This variant is therefore particularly simple, quick to implement and, above all, extremely easy to assemble. In the event of errors in the assembly of the clamping means 26a, 26b, 26c, the wood cannot be irretrievably damaged. In a further preferred embodiment, the components 26a, 26b, 26c of the clamping means are combined to form a symmetrical arrangement, which further simplifies the connection system.

On the other hand, it is irrelevant how the form fit of the wooden panels in the butt layer is formed in detail. In a tongue and groove design, one end face of the wooden board is advantageously provided with a tongue tapering from an acute to an obtuse angle, and the end face of the other wooden board is provided with a correspondingly narrowing groove in depth, so that the wooden boards can be easily pushed against one another and then precisely aligned with one another are. Otherwise, the end faces of the wooden panels to be braced can also be flat and join together to form a butt joint. All of the versions of the connection system presented here can be realized on wood-concrete composite ceilings with a flat wooden element 1 with or without an insulating layer 3, and thus also on wood-concrete composite ceilings according to the prior art.

A specific embodiment with a symmetrical bracing arrangement is explained using the longitudinal section of the wood panel according to FIGS. 4a to 4c. First of all, a single wooden panel with an anchor already inserted can be seen in FIG. 4a. The wooden panel has a special recess 24 on. It consists of a rear and front box-shaped space or chamber 24a, 24c and a hollow channel 24b connecting these chambers 24a, 24c. The wooden panel behind the rearmost chamber 24a is intact and is referred to there as rear intact material 29, while the hollow channel 24b runs in the front intact material 27, which is intact except for this hollow channel 24b. Both chambers 24a, 24c are open towards the top and the front chamber 24c is also open at the front. The anchoring can thus be easily installed: A screw head 26a is loosely inserted into the rear chamber 24a and screwed to a threaded rod 26b, which was guided through the hollow channel 24b into the rear chamber 24a. Because of the dimensioning, the screw head 26a does not fit into the hollow channel 24b. It can thus be moved as far as the rear end face 28a of the front intact material 27 and strikes against it, as a result of which it acts as a clamping block 26a.

In FIG. 4b, two such wooden panels are pushed together in a form-fitting manner, as illustrated by the broken dividing line. The shock axis runs in the plane of the sheet. Because the front chambers 24c are each open at the end, in the abutting position they form a common chamber 25 that is open toward the top. Finally, through this common chamber 25, all the chambers 24a, 24c are connected across the plates or continuously. A clamping means is loosely introduced into the common chamber 25, in the example shown a sleeve 26c. Because the screw head 26a has play in the rear chamber 24a, it can be pushed back so far that it is at the front of the common chamber

25 space is created to screw the threaded rods 26b emerging from the hollow channel 24b a bit into the sleeve 26c. The threads of the two threaded rods 26b run in opposite directions. The socket 26c into which they are screwed therefore has a left-hand internal thread and, on its opposite side, a right-hand internal thread. If the sleeve 26c is then rotated into position, this pulls the threaded rods 26b together uniformly on both sides until the screw heads 26a strike the rear end faces 28a of the front intact material 27 in the rear chambers 24a.

With further stationary rotation of the sleeve 26c is a strong Bracing of the two wooden panels is achieved, as shown in Figure 4 c. The screw heads 26a are each pressed against the rear end faces 28a of the front intact material 27 and thus act as clamping blocks. This clamping system 26a, 26b, 26c can obviously be used independently of the side. The threaded rods 26b together with the screw heads 26a are advantageously installed in the factory, as shown in FIG. 4a, and then only have to be pulled together with the sleeve 26c at the construction site. Instead of a sleeve 26c with two opposing threads, a Dutchman screw connection can occur, with the threaded rods having the same thread directions of rotation for this purpose. The mechanically contractible connection system also works with a sleeve-nipple connection. Instead of the sleeve 26c, it is then a nipple with counter-rotating threads, which for clamping in the stationary position is rotated in the common chamber 25 and thus pulls together two sleeves with corresponding internal threads, instead of the threaded rods 26b. All variants of these threaded connections form with their components 26a, 26b, 26c an embodiment that is symmetrical to the parting plane of the wooden panels (for which the directions of rotation of the threads are not taken into account). In this case, the tensioning means does not have to be firmly connected or fastened to a wooden panel, for example by screwing, dowelling or gluing, etc., of the anchoring means 26a. Accordingly, the wooden panels can be clamped together easily and efficiently. They are prefabricated identically for this purpose and can easily be interchanged for the installation of the connection system.

A clamping lock with a clamping lever 26c, as shown in FIG. 4d, is also suitable as the clamping means 26a, 26b, 26c. Each wooden panel is cut out in such a way that it has a box-like space that is open at the top and partially open at the front side as a single recess 24, with the intact material 27 at the front extending as far as the parting plane. The wooden panels are intact behind these recesses 24, as can be seen from the intact material 29 at the rear in FIG. 4d. The recesses 24 can be made identical, which avoids errors in the prefabrication of the wooden panels. In the butt position of the wooden panels there is again one of the two wooden panels to be braced frontally Cross-passage formed in the form of a common recess 25, through which the operative connection is created. For this purpose, clamping blocks 26a with clamping levers/clamping hooks attached thereto are loosely inserted into the chambers 24. The clamping arm 26b articulated here on the right clamping block 26a is placed around the clamping hook of the left clamping block 26a opposite it, whereby the clamping means is anchored on both sides in the chambers 24, thus without the anchors having to be firmly connected to the wooden panels. By pivoting the clamping lever 26c, the clamping arm 26b is pulled to the right, which presses the clamping blocks 26a against the front intact material 27 and tightly clamps the wooden panels against one another. Although the latch is not symmetrical here, it can be used on either side. Of course, a double-sided clamping lever closure designed symmetrically to the parting plane can also be used. In place of a clamping lever with a clamping arm, a threaded design with hooks or handles articulated on both sides can also be used, which act on the two clamping blocks 26a, for example in order to grasp a cam, bolt or the like formed there. As an example of this, a tension spindle with threaded rods 26b and a hexagonal sleeve 26c running thereon is shown in FIG. 4e.

It is understood that the present figures are only schematic representations. In the real case, the front intact material 27, against which the anchors 26a strike directly with pressure, will be made much longer or deeper, eg 0.2 to 0.5 m long or more, and thus be dimensioned far longer than the clamping blocks 26a. The contracting connection system thus attacks the wooden panels over a long and deep area and withstands strong tension. Depending on the length or articulation of the clamping arm 26b, it can also be guided through a hollow channel 24b, which is drilled through the front intact material 27 in order to engage the clamping block 26a of the neighboring plate adjoining the joint. Such a hollow channel 24b is shown in FIG. 4f on the outside right in the image, in which one looks at the front intact material 27 in the direction of the impact axis to the parting plane of the wooden panels. In the case of a symmetrical toggle fastener such as a tension spindle, however, at least at the point of force transmission or at the point of its sleeve 26c, the passage is open, ie accessible for bracing. The designs with a U-shaped or rectangular cutout in the front intact material 27 or recesses 24, as shown schematically in FIGS. 4a to 4c, are suitable for this.

In an alternative embodiment of the clamping lock, the clamping blocks 26a are each firmly connected to a wooden panel, for example glued or screwed, as in the example according to FIG. 4g. Depending on the design, the anchoring is only attached to the floor and/or the side walls of the box-like space or recess 24 . This is shown with two examples in the excerpts of a cross section through the recess 24 parallel to the parting plane according to FIG. 4h. In the picture on the right, the clamping block 26a is U-shaped and can be anchored laterally from the inside in the recess 24 . In principle, the clamping block 26a can be anchored laterally and downwards in both versions, which makes sense depending on the space available. These fixed anchorages keep the damage to the wood comparatively small and in any case leave the end face 28b of the rear intact material 29 free of anchoring means. If the clamping blocks 26a are only anchored at the bottom of the recesses 24, all the side walls of the rearmost or here only recesses 24 remain free of anchoring means. Behind these recesses 24, the wooden panels are intact. They can in turn be made identically. The toggle fastener to be firmly anchored can also be used independently of the side and can also be implemented symmetrically, analogously to what has been explained above.

In a further variant, the wooden panels can be braced by means of a clamping wedge 26c and counter wedge 26a, as shown in FIG. 4i. The wedges 26a, 26c are arranged within the same box-like recess 24 of a wooden panel, to be seen on the right in FIG. 4i. By hitting down or hammering in or clamping the clamping wedge 26c, the counter-wedge 26a moves translationally to the right and pulls a threaded rod 26b with it, which is anchored in a clamping block 26a in the opposite box-like recess 24 of the wooden panel on the other side and with the counter-wedge 26a in the wooden panel on this side is. The Intact material 27 at the front on both wooden panels is pressed against one another by the clamping block 26a and by the wedges 26a, 26c, which also act as clamping blocks, which tightly clamps the wooden panels against one another. This wedge connection can also be used independently of the side. The clamping wedge 26c has a preferably U-shaped recess at the bottom, with which it is slipped over the threaded rod 26b. This wedge shape is shown in Figure 4j. In a shorter version of the clamping wedge 26c, this does not reach down to the threaded rod 26b even when fully clamped. FIG. 4k shows a symmetrical variant of the wedge bracing with a clamping wedge 26c and a counter-wedge 26a each in a box-like recess 24. The recesses 24 in the wooden panels can be cut out identically for all the bracing variants presented. Behind the box-like recesses 24, the wooden panels remain intact and can be used there for the use of shear connectors 6, 9, for example.

A high degree of industrial prefabrication can be achieved with the production of the wood-concrete composite ceilings according to the invention, because the ceiling can be prefabricated in a modular design and then assembled on site at the construction site. Above all, this increases the construction and assembly efficiency when producing ceilings with large tensioning masses. Such a method for producing the cover according to the invention is described in detail below.

For a single ceiling module, the lowermost ceiling layer, the wood layer 1, is first processed. This is typically veneered as a single seamless panel of wood. At the location of the shear connectors 9 to be inserted, the recesses 30 explained above were cut or milled out in the wood layer 1, as can be seen in FIG. 5a. In the variant shown here, steel pipes 9 were glued in, with the epoxy adhesive oozing out being shown in a ring shape around their circumference. A formwork 31 covered with a film 32 encloses the wooden subfloor 1 along its edge area. You can also see bulges in the film 32 at regular intervals along the side areas of the formwork 31. Placeholders 33 are hidden underneath, made of polystyrene rigid foam, for example, the space for which is kept free when the material is subsequently applied so that the ceiling module can be connected there later with a force fit.

In Figure 5 b three rows of shear connectors 9 are placed on the wood layer 1 and connected to it. The formwork 31 is partially uncovered here, so that the view of the placeholder 33 becomes clear. The foil 32 is laid around the formwork 31 and glued to the bottom of the wooden floor 1 in order to laterally seal off the subsequent application of material. Any connections and components such as building technology elements are installed directly on the wood layer 1.

In Figure 5 c one looks again at the top of the bottom ceiling layer or the wood layer 1, but in this view without formwork 31. A sprinkler system 34 was installed on this upper side, as is usual for fire protection in buildings that are not exactly used as museums, libraries and archives with irreplaceable objects to be protected against water ingress. Also recognizable are the front recesses 24c cut or milled into the wood layer 1 in this preferred ceiling design, which here are distributed regularly over the long side of the wood layer 1, for their later connection and bracing with the wood layer 1 of a module adjoining it at the side. Behind it are the rear recesses 24a, which are covered here by blocks of wood so that the insulating material to be filled in cannot penetrate into them and thus become clogged. This could also be prevented with a foil cover, for example. In any case, the bracing of the wooden layers 1 of the individual modules only relates to a preferred embodiment of the invention if the wooden layers 1 are to be designed to be continuously biaxially load-bearing.

So that the ceiling module can be lifted by a crane after its completion, the lifting device 44 is advantageously anchored in the wood layer 1 . In the case of lifting straps 44, for example, clamping blocks anchored in the wood layer 1, preferably slightly chamfered, are suitable which clamp the bands 44 to the surface of the wood layer 1. If there is no anchoring of load handling devices 44 in the ceiling element, the finished element can instead be lifted, for example, by means of lifting straps wrapped around it.

In Figure 5 d, the next step is shown, in which the insulating material for the construction of the insulating layer 3 is filled or poured over the wood layer 1, etc. is. In the present design, cellulose fibers are blown in as insulation material, creating a compact mass. The heaps of cellulose fibers, which can be seen on both sides along the module, just cover the shear connectors 9 protruding from the insulation layer 3. The foil 32 was laid in the formwork 31 in such a way that it can enclose the insulation layer 3 via its edge areas. A multi-layer insulating layer 3 is also filled in or poured in, blown in, etc., in this way, preferably with a separating film 36 between the individual layers of material. A lower layer of concrete granulate and a lighter layer of foam glass gravel above it, preferably with a height ratio of between 1:1 and 1:4 of heavier to lighter insulation layer, are suitable as insulation layers for a two-layer insulation layer 3 . As shown in FIG. 5d, measuring rods 43 are advantageously used in order to maintain the height of the insulating layer 3. Through the supports of the auxiliary scaffolding 37 for the formwork 31 one can see a part of the wood layer 1 which is not surrounded by the formwork 31 and is thus left out of the insulating layer 3 and the concrete layer 4 to be applied later. This part of the wood layer 1 forms a contact surface 35 for an internal beam 8 to be cast later on and over the wood layer 1.

After the insulating layer 3 has been applied, the flaps of the film 32 are folded inwards so that the insulating layer 3 is surrounded by the film 32 all around via its side surfaces. In addition, a layer separating film 36 is placed over the top of the insulating layer so that the fresh concrete to be subsequently introduced does not infiltrate the insulating layer 3 . In each case openings are cut into the release film 36, from which then the upper ends of the Shear connectors 9 and, in the case of anchored load handling devices 44, the same can emerge in guides 45, as can be seen in FIG. 5e. The ends of the shear connectors 9 thus protrude into the next concrete layer 4 to be applied, with which they then intimately connect. First, however, the reinforcement 15 for the concrete layer 4 is inserted, with the usual multi-layer, here two-layer—typically also four-layer—arrangement of the reinforcing rods in a lattice structure. The placeholders 33 protruding from the insulating layer 3 at the top left of the formwork 31 can also be clearly seen in FIG. 5e. These areas are thus spared for the subsequent application of concrete.

In Figure 5 f the process of concreting is shown. The fresh concrete has already been poured out in the formwork 31 and is being vibrated in, as a result of which it settles as a compact, level layer 4 on the insulating layer 3, which is no longer visible here. The upper ends of the shear connectors 9 are now also completely covered by the concrete layer 4 and are therefore no longer visible. The placeholders 33 are exposed here in places. The guides 45 for the load handling device 44 protrude from the top of the concrete layer 4 . After the concrete layer 4 has hardened, the formwork 31 is removed and the placeholders 33 used are loosened or pointed out. The ceiling module is now complete and ready for installation.

The figure 5 g shows two such ceiling modules on bearings 38 as they are typically stacked for transport. The modules are made in a size that can be transported by road, so that they can be driven to the construction site and assembled there to form a wood-concrete composite floor. It can be seen how the insulating layer 3 is surrounded all around by the foil 32 over its side surfaces and is therefore held back. Cantilevers of the wooden layer 1 of the modules, which protrude below the assembly and form surfaces 35 that are free at the top, can also be seen. These are decayed on site with fresh concrete, as will be explained below.

Figure 5 h shows how a single ceiling module is lifted on the lifting straps 44 with a crane device to it in the predetermined position to stock up. Either vertical components of the supporting structure that are already permanently installed, such as supports 18 or load-bearing walls, and/or temporary ceiling supports, for example in the form of splines, are available as carriers. These will be dismantled again after the ceiling has been completed. In the module shown, recesses 39 are arranged at regular intervals on both long sides, namely where placeholders 33 were previously located. Correspondingly, these places are free of concrete or above the wooden recesses 24c free of insulating material and concrete. Thanks to the recesses 39 left open, this module can be positively connected to an adjacent module on each long side. It goes without saying that modules to be laid at the ends do not have any recesses 39 on their end sides. Depending on the non-positive connection provided, the module sides can be provided with such recesses 39 for one-, two-, three- or four-sided bracing of the respective module with neighboring elements.

In Figure 5 i is shown a part of the resulting ceiling from a plurality of modules laid in abutment with one another. Some of the lifting straps 44 for the crane transport have not yet been removed. The recesses 39 of neighboring elements come to lie opposite one another and form a common recess 40 with them, partly only in the concrete layer 1, but here mostly also through the insulating layer 3, whereby the recesses 24c, which are also joined together to form a common recess 25, from above for bracing the module wood layers 1 are accessible. The clamping means 26a, 26b, 26c are then clamped in the recesses 25 in the wood layers 1 and the hollow space above them is filled with insulating material up to the lower edge of the respectively adjoining modular concrete layers 4. This is advantageous in any case because the aim is to use as little as possible on site to lay concrete. With the exception of interruptions caused by the joists, the insulating layer 3 is realized in a modular manner as a continuous ceiling layer. The reinforcement 15 is then inserted and connected to that of the neighboring modules. FIG. 5i clearly shows an exposed contact point 35 on a layer of wood 1, which, after connecting one or more further modules, forms an intermediate space 41 with these or delimits it at the bottom. This one will later poured out to form an internal girder 8 . The group of modules shown here already encloses two intermediate spaces 41 running perpendicularly to one another above its wood layers 1 . They can be recognized by the fact that the insulating and concrete layers 3, 4 are continuously spaced apart from one another along these intermediate spaces 41.

The beam reinforcement 42 is installed in these intermediate spaces 41, which initially remain free. A picture as shown in FIG. 5 j results. In addition, the reinforcing rods 15 emerging from the concrete layers 4 can be seen in the recesses 40 . Such a recess

40 is shown separately in FIG. 5k, after the adjacent concrete reinforcements 15 have been connected for their non-positive connection. FIG. 5I, meanwhile, shows a typical beam reinforcement 42 with its tensile and compressive reinforcement 10, 11 as longitudinal reinforcement, with the compressive reinforcement 11 in particular being visible in this plan view. The longitudinal reinforcement 10, 11 is surrounded by a stirrup reinforcement 13. The connection reinforcement 12 is formed from bent reinforcement rods and, for reasons of space, is inserted horizontally here as an alternative to the embodiment according to FIG. 2a. This connecting reinforcement 12 is non-positively connected to the reinforcing rods 15 emerging from the concrete layer 4 via a socket joint 14 . The wood-concrete connection means 6, in this case wood construction screws 6, which were introduced into the wood layer 1 in order to then create an intimate connection between the internal joist 8 to be cast and the wooden subfloor 1, are not visible in the picture. Meanwhile, in one embodiment of the internal beam 8 with a steel support profile 20, the same is inserted into the intermediate space 41 and connected to the wood layer 1 in a non-positive manner. The space that remains free is then covered with insulating material until the same is flush with the lower edge of the adjacent concrete layers 4 at the top. After that, reinforcement with connection reinforcement 12 is placed in the remaining space to be filled with concrete

41 inserted between the adjacent concrete layers 4 and connected to the reinforcement 15 non-positively.

Once the intermediate spaces 41 have been reinforced, they are filled with concrete 48 derelict and smoothed out, as are the recesses 40, as is being done in Figure 5m. If no insulating material is arranged in the recesses 40 reaching up to the wood layer 1, the recesses are then completely covered with in-situ concrete 48. However, this is rather atypical because the final outflow of fresh concrete 48 is kept as small as possible. But even in the case of connection-related concrete interruptions, the insulating layer 3 of the ceiling would be composed almost continuously over the modules. An internal beam 8 has been freshly created here, as can be seen from the concrete 48 that is still wet. In addition, the recesses 40 still to be concreted are shown schematically. When the fresh concrete 48 hardens, the wood-concrete composite ceiling with a flat wooden element is made load-bearing.

In any case, the modular production method of the ceiling according to the invention represents an innovative, time-saving and cost-effective method. These advantages result from the high degree of prefabrication, with which a large-area composite ceiling can be assembled very efficiently. The internal beams 8 were created here exclusively on site, which, however, will not always be the case. In the case of designs for the internal beams 8 that protrude downwards, it has proven to be sensible to use prefabricated beam components 49 . Only the final casting of the beams 8 is still made of in-situ concrete 48, as will be explained later.

In other versions of the ceiling according to the invention without internal beams 8, the associated method steps are simply omitted. For example, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention can be produced in one variant as a highly soundproof composite ceiling without underlays in a modular manner from at least two ceiling modules: For its layer structure, first the wooden layer 1 is made from bottom to top, including the one with its lower ends in it anchored shear connectors 9. The insulating layer 3 is then formed with at least two layers 3a, 3b, in that a comparatively denser insulating material is introduced for the lower layer 3a in order to bring in concentrated mass on and above the wood layer 1, so that it weighs down and is consequently vibration-resistant becomes. A comparatively less dense insulating material is introduced for the at least one upper layer 3b. Finally, the concrete layer 4 is applied with its reinforcement 15, so that the shear connectors 9, which penetrate the insulating layer 3, are anchored in the concrete layer 4 with their upper ends. Because in this embodiment the modules are not non-positively connected via an internal beam 8, recesses 39 are provided in the concrete layer 4 of at least one module, from which the reinforcement 15 emerges in order to be non-positively connected to the reinforcement 15 of the adjacent concrete layer 4. These recesses 39 are then concreted. It goes without saying that, depending on the situation, the wooden layers 1 of the modules can also be braced against one another in a non-positive manner. Then recesses 39 are provided not only in the concrete layer 4, but also in the insulating layer 3, so that the wooden layers 1 to be braced are accessible from above for their bracing. The finished ceiling module is then laid in the position predetermined for it on one or more supports and connected to the at least second ceiling module as described, and the recesses 39 are concreted. The manufacturing process for such an acoustically optimized wood-concrete composite ceiling is characterized by high construction and assembly efficiency. A ceiling with large spans can be created in basically just a few steps using such modules.

Regardless of their disadvantages, conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings also offer good structural safety. For the following considerations, a distinction is made between the normal case and the case of fire. For the normal case, regular building operation is assumed, with its various combinations of main, additional and special loads measured in terms of the probability of their occurrence, their duration, etc. With the dimensions of conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings, comfortable static reserves are normally achieved, which are also sufficient in the event of a fire if the combustible wood layer 1 is impaired. On the one hand, such wood-concrete composite ceilings benefit from the fact that they are mostly made of coniferous wood such as spruce and therefore for static reasons must be of considerable strength/thickness. For this reason alone, these wood layers 1 will not fail immediately in the event of a fire. In addition, during the combustion process, wood is decomposed with the formation of charcoal and combustible gases, with the char layer formed in this way forming a very good insulator due to its significantly lower thermal conductivity compared to wood. The inner wood is thus protected from the effects of heat for a long time, so that a thick layer of wood 1 would still be able to provide a sufficient static contribution even in the event of a fire. With a slim ceiling system, however, this creates a disadvantage.

First of all, adequate fire protection requires that the structure of a building remains collapse-proof for at least as long as is necessary for its complete evacuation. The duration of the evacuation is based on the structure of the building, in particular on the design and dimensioning of the escape routes, and is all the longer as a building has floors. In addition, components are classified in terms of fire protection, usually according to load-bearing and/or fire compartment-forming function. A distinction is also made between linear and flat components. In view of this, the building is then subject to higher or lower requirements. Simply because the wood layer 1 of a wood-concrete composite ceiling is a combustible, flat, load-bearing component, it is often objected to as such in terms of fire protection - although its static performance would basically be sufficient even in the event of a fire. This can usually be remedied by complex measures in the planning and dimensioning of escape routes and/or a fireproof cladding of the wood layer with e.g. gypsum boards, etc Use of a wood-concrete composite ceiling with a flat wooden element is not sensible or not worthwhile, despite significant advantages.

However, the ceiling system according to the invention is also able to open up such hitherto unused areas of application. The fact can be used that during the evacuation period occupancy of a building tends towards zero. Depending on the situation, a supporting structure affected by fire only has to be able to carry around 50-60% of the maximum load, and not permanently, but only until the evacuation is complete. Thanks to its internal beam concept, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention can meet this condition in such a way that the load-bearing wood layer 1 is not subject to the requirements of a flat, load-bearing component: the non-combustible ceiling structure or the residual structure made of concrete layer 4 and internal beams 8 can completely compensate for the omission of the combustible wood layer 1, so that the wood layer 1 does not have to make a static contribution for the critical period of time. While in the case of a fire in a conventional planar wood-concrete composite ceiling a load-bearing, flat component that is indispensable as a whole would be damaged, in the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention only a statically dispensable component would be affected. This leads in particular to the fact that the wood layer 1 can remain unclad on the room side and can therefore be seen and experienced, despite requirements for flat, load-bearing components. An exception are escape routes with special requirements that go beyond the structural dispensability. In any case, however, the internal beams 8 create advantageous conditions, so that in principle fewer or lesser fire protection measures have to be provided for a building.

[00173] FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural concept based on a floor plan for a multi-storey building or high-rise building using a wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention. A bracing, load-bearing building core 17, in which, for example, lifts and/or a stairwell are accommodated, forms with its load-bearing walls a support for the ceiling adjoining it all around, as do the vertical support columns 18 arranged along the facade 19 and inside the building as can be seen, the ceiling spans the entire area between core 17 and facade 19 and spans a considerable mass. At the same time, with the exception of the building core 17, there are no load-bearing walls inside the building. This is thanks to the intelligent arrangement of internal beams 8, which leave the space as unobstructed as possible because they are only straight inside the building two supports 18 manage as point supports, while they share the supports 18 of the facade 19 as an outer support and the core 17 as a corner bearing. The internal joists 8 can be made entirely of reinforced concrete or with a steel profile 20, as explained at the beginning, or these variants can be combined with one another. In the present embodiment of the ceiling according to the invention, the internal beams 8 can be divided into two categories. The primary internal beams 8a are located in the longitudinal direction of the floor plan (horizontal direction in FIG. 6), each with one end supported on the building core 17 and the other end on the facade supports 18. These are designated as such because they are statically indispensable in the structural geometry selected here, ie both in normal cases and in the event of a fire. With core 17 and façade 19, they delimit four large ceiling areas. Transversely thereto, ie running in the vertical direction in FIG. 6, the secondary internal beams 8b can be seen, which are hatched. As their name suggests, they are normally of secondary importance because the floor is able to provide the required load-bearing capacity without their contribution. For the normal case, the load-bearing directions of the four large slab fields were given and drawn in distributed over the entire slab: The main load-bearing direction of such a large slab field (the load-bearing direction with the greatest stress) with a large arrow, and its secondary load-bearing direction (the load-bearing direction with the lower load) with a small arrow. The secondary beams 8b are to be hidden for this purpose, because they normally do not contribute significantly or critically to the load transfer of the ceiling - the ceiling bears without them for the present analysis.

Only in the event of a fire, when the wood layer 1 is damaged by fire, for example due to the failure of a sprinkler system 34, must the horizontal load absorption and transfer to the vertical beams 18 be able to be distributed over all the joists 8a, 8b of the ceiling. They then all form indispensable components of the residual structure. It is now crucial that the ceiling, including all internal joists 8a, 8b, is divided into numerous smaller ceiling areas, because according to this static consideration, the secondary internal joists 8b also contribute to the load absorption or load transfer. Accordingly arise also new main and secondary load-bearing directions of the ceiling in relation to these smaller ceiling areas, which are not specifically shown here for reasons of clarity. The ceiling areas supported on the actively acting beams 8a, 8b are consequently smaller, so that in this coffered ceiling structure of the ceiling, the comparatively thin concrete layer 4 can span the storey for the relevant evacuation period in a collapse-proof manner. The wood layer 1, or at least the relevant fire-endangered part thereof, can be considered static as a cladding during this period. Therefore, the wood layer 1 does not need to be clad in a fireproof manner and rather offers an aesthetic, continuous, and thus uninterrupted ceiling soffit in the interior of the floor. Of course, the wood layer 1 can still be plastered on the room side, or only in places if this is desired with regard to the respective aesthetics or if such is fundamentally prescribed, eg along escape routes. In the present exemplary embodiment, the building core 17 also forms the escape route. In any case, thanks to such an internal beam concept with normally superfluous internal beams 8b, the fire protection-related requirements for a building can be significantly reduced.

In other versions of the ceilings according to the invention, internal joists 8 can also be designed solely as a static expedient in the event of a fire. The reverse case with one or more beams 8 only as primary or only as primary internal beams 8 is also conceivable if this can be implemented in terms of fire protection. In any case, the rigidity/mass ratio of the ceiling is optimized with the integration of internal beams 8 in the supporting structure to be regularly loaded, its weight reduced, its height minimized and the feasible number of floors of the building maximized, as was already stated at the beginning. The proportion of weight of an optimized wood-concrete composite ceiling, which is allotted to the internal beams 8, 8a, 8b, is only about 10% of the ceiling weight or even less. The gain in flexural rigidity and attendant benefits outweighs this amount of weight in several ways. It is therefore advisable to statically distribute the load of the regular building operation to internal beams 8, 8a, ie to design at least a portion of the internal beams 8a as part of the primary structure.

The floor plan according to FIG. 6 is only to be understood as an exemplary embodiment. The dimensioning of the ceiling, in particular of the internal joists 8, can of course be adapted to the peculiarities of each building. In principle, however, the internal beams 8 are distributed in such a way that they follow the distribution of forces in the ceiling and divide this into usefully small ceiling areas. Meaningful means that the associated vertical support of the internal beams 8 does not impair the interior of the building as far as possible and the ceiling is nevertheless designed to be sufficiently rigid for its purpose. The internal beams 8 are therefore advantageously only supported on supports 18 . Supports 18 are understood to mean vertically installed components which absorb and transmit loads mainly in the direction of their longitudinal axis. These restrict the space only minimally. In any case, a floor plan can be repurposed as desired, because at most non-load-bearing walls have to be erected or dismantled.

FIG. 7 shows a support configuration with supports 18 adjoining the ceiling at the top and bottom in the background. The ceiling section shows the structure as is known from FIG. However, the wood-concrete connecting elements are shown in the form of wood screws 6 used here. Where the lower support 18 meets the ceiling, the wood layer 1 has a recess so that it is flush with the support 18 on all sides. During assembly, the prefabricated ceiling modules are laid around the column 18 on a temporary support. In FIG. 7, the dividing line of the wood layers 1 of the two ceiling elements laid butt to end can be seen. The internal joist 8 is cast on the contact surfaces 35 left free and connects monolithically with the lower support 18 at the point of the recess in the wood layer 1. When the in-situ concrete 48 hardens, this acts as a support for the ceiling. An upper support 18 is connected congruently above this, which extends the vertical support structure to the upper floor for effective passage of the acting forces. A plurality of supports 18 will preferably be arranged in this way along an internal beam 8 . A structural configuration with internal beams 8, which are mounted on supports 18 at regular intervals along their length, is the norm. In cooperation with these supports 18, the internal beams 8 open up a highly efficient structural grid. The majority of the interior of a building thus remains free of load-bearing, flat building structures or is interspersed with supports 18 only at certain points.

In some cases it will be advantageous to be able to increase the cross-sections of the internal beams, i.e. beyond the height of the ceiling layer composite, in order to achieve a particularly high bending reinforcement. Possibilities for such an upper or lower overhang of an internal joist 8 from the composite floor are presented below.

The supporting configuration according to FIG. 8 is suitable for cavity floors, ie for system floor types that include a cavity for accommodating electrical connections, telecommunications, sanitary, heating, ventilation installations, etc., for example. At the same time, the cavity 46 creates space for an enlargement of the cross section of the internal beam 8 beyond the concrete layer 4 . Such a cross-sectional enlargement can either take place over the entire length of the internal beam 8, or only locally, e.g. in a limited area above supports 18. The only local projection proves to be an advantage because it does not create a continuous barrier for the cable routing in the cavity 46 forms. The internal beam 8, however, remains invisible from the outside after the final construction. The assembly is carried out analogously to that described above for FIG finished cast joist 8 consequently protrudes from the top of the ceiling. The internal beam 8 is usually not poured up to the subfloor/screed 23, but leaves out an air gap for the laying of cables, especially if it is designed as a continuous beam. In a maximum version that is enough internal beam 8 up to the subfloor 23 and therefore requires detailed coordination of the cable routing. In any case, the height section of the internal beam 8 exiting at the top can be dimensioned according to the respective circumstances. If the storey above is not used, for example in the case of an attic, the beams 8 protruding at the top can also project beyond the ceiling floor as steps or an underlay floor 23 can be dispensed with.

FIG. 9 shows an internal joist 8 emerging downwards from the composite floor. Due to its overhang, the internal beam is visually perceptible and resembles a conventional beam. This type of joist design is particularly useful when the floor structure does not allow for a corresponding upward projection. In the case of such visible designs, it will primarily be a question of primary or statically indispensable undercarriages 8a whose optical effect is therefore acceptable. For the manufacture or assembly, a joist 49, as provided with uniform hatching in FIG. 9, is advantageously prefabricated as a separate component and placed on the support 18 that has already been produced. The likewise prefabricated ceiling elements are then laid on the joist 49 . For this purpose, the joist 49 forms a lower cantilever, which forms a step 47 on each side, on which the ceiling elements can be supported. In a final process step, the still free area above the joist 49 between the concrete layers 4 of the ceiling modules is poured with concrete 48 in situ, whereby the upper end of the internal joist 8 is then monolithically connected to it. Advantageously, the concrete layers 4 also leave out an edge area above the insulating layers 3, which is then also poured out for the particularly strong connection of the modules to the internal beam 8 prefabricated ceiling elements as well as the prefabricated joist beam 49. It goes without saying that internal joists 8 projecting below can also be poured out projecting upwards by attaching appropriate temporary concrete formwork. From an architectural point of view, the lower overhang of the internal beams 8 can be perceived as visually dominant and may be undesirable. A capital construction as shown in cross section in FIG. 10a can help. The configuration shown here corresponds to that of FIG. 9, with the difference that the overhang of the internal beam 8 does not run at the same depth over its length, but its depth increases towards the support 18 and is thus optically shaped into the lateral arm of a capital. In FIG. 10a, this capital arm runs in the direction of view from the plane of the page to the support 18 behind the plane of the page. The inclination of the arm of the capital towards the support 18 was indicated with broken lines directed at an angle to one another.

FIG. 10b shows a view through the section line A-A in FIG. 10a, so that the capital can be seen as the upper end of the lower support 18 in a transverse view. The two capital arms of the internal truss 8 each extend from the support 18 and apparently only extend over a limited section. The section of the beam 8 that runs internally and is covered here can meanwhile run continuously to the next support structure or beyond. The section line A-A for the view given in the previous figure 10a is also drawn in and provides information about the viewing direction there. In FIG. 10b, however, it becomes clear why this variant of the joist guidance or design of the overhang of the internal joists 8 can also be architecturally advantageous. Instead of a continuously lowered ceiling section, the ceiling height here is only affected in an area around the support 18 . The beam projection formed in this way is visually inconspicuous and nevertheless creates a decisive bending reinforcement. The internal beam 8 is prefabricated on the basis of a beam 49 with capital arms and installed analogously to the configuration according to FIG.

In the composite ceiling according to FIG. 10b, another internal joist 8 can be seen transversely to the direction of the capital. This is an internal beam 8 that is not visible from the outside and is made of in-situ concrete 48. which is connected to the prefabricated internal beam 8 with suitable connecting reinforcement 12 at the point of the capital shaped, prefabricated internal beam 8 . In the same way, a purely internally guided beam 8 runs on the opposite side of the arrangement shown here.

The cantilevered variants of the internal beams 8 show how the manufacturing method of the ceiling described above can be adapted or modified, for example. The ceiling production process can be summarized as follows for both variants of the joist production - entirely on site or partly prefabricated and partly on site: The ceiling according to the invention is composed of at least two ceiling modules, with the ceiling modules each being created with their layer structure, so that from bottom to top first the wood layer 1 is made, with the shear connectors 9 anchored therein with their lower ends. The insulating layer is then created. It is preferably formed with at least two layers of insulating material 3a, 3b, in that a comparatively denser insulating material is introduced for the lower layer 3a in order to introduce concentrated mass on and above the wood layer 1 in order to weigh it down and thus make it vibration-sluggish, while for the at least one upper layer 3b is introduced with a comparatively less dense insulating material. The shear connectors 9 pass through the insulating layer 3. Finally, the concrete layer 4 is produced with its reinforcement 15, with the shear connectors 9 being anchored therein with their upper ends. After that, the ceiling modules are laid in their predetermined position on one or more carriers. For this purpose, the two ceiling modules are either i. connect butt and thereby form a gap 41. This is delimited towards the bottom by a contact surface 35 on the wood layer 1 of at least one of the ceiling modules, which is temporarily left free from application of material, and delimited laterally by its insulating and concrete layers 3, 4.

Alternatively, the ceiling modules on ii. at least one prefabricated joist 49 is supported, which forms a lower projection, which forms a step 47 on both sides. On a ceiling module is then placed on each of these steps 47 on the downstand beam 49 . An intermediate space 41 between the concrete layers 4 of the modules remains above the joist 49 .

In the according to i. or ii. formed space 41 is a joist reinforcement 42 is inserted and connected to a reinforcement 15 of the adjacent concrete layers 4 of the ceiling modules. The intermediate space 41 is then filled with concrete 48, so that when the concrete hardens, a beam 8 embedded within the composite ceiling and possibly projecting from the layered composite at the top and/or bottom is completed. For the upper cantilever of an internal beam 8 , a concrete formwork extending upwards adjoining the respective intermediate space 41 is applied and the consequently widened space 41 is filled with concrete 48 . The concrete formwork is removed again after the concrete 48 has hardened, with which a beam 8 projecting at the top is completed.

The various configurations show that an internal beam 8 can be designed in many different ways, sometimes with aesthetically designed overhang shapes. Internal beams 8 protruding from the ceiling layer composite allow even greater flexibility in the design of the floor plan, because the vertical supports have to be arranged less densely due to their very large bending reinforcement. On the other hand, it can also be desirable to let all internal beams 8 disappear into the ceiling. In a combined variant, for example, only the primary internal beams 8a can project, while the secondary beams 8b, which, with the exception of fire, make a static contribution that can be dispensed with anyway, are fully integrated into the ceiling. As mere makeshift elements, they then also have no visual effect whatsoever, while this is accepted in the case of the primary internal beams 8 . The decision as to where which internal beams 8 should protrude from the ceiling can also be architecturally motivated and sufficiently implemented in terms of statics. After all, every building has its own character, which is why one or the other variant is more suitable, depending on the situation. In any case, the internal beams 8 can be selected individually and, if required, can be combined with one another and also with different designs conventional beams, which are not built into the ceiling, can be added as desired.

In the figure 11 a building 50 can be seen, which is designed here as a high-rise building 50a with a total height of 80 m. Typically, the wood-concrete composite ceiling according to the invention is installed on every floor and spans the same with the exception of the building core 17. Fire and sound insulation requirements are met in such a way that the composite ceiling closes with the wood layer 1 on the room side and can be experienced in terms of interior design. Thanks to the use of the ceiling according to the invention, a total of 28 storeys can be realized with the present high-rise construction 50a.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Legend

1 flat wood element, wood layer

2 Concrete formwork, parting line between concrete and timber structure

3 insulation layer

3a layer of comparatively heavy insulation material

3b Layer of comparatively light insulation material

4 concrete layer

5 wooden beams

6 fasteners between wood and concrete; wood screws

7 groove, shear notch

8 internal underlay

8a primary internal beam 8

8b secondary internal beam 8

9 shear connectors, steel tubes

10 tension reinforcement of the beam 8

11 compression reinforcement of the beam 8

12 Connection reinforcement for the reinforcement 15 of the concrete layer 4 to the beam 8

13 stirrup reinforcement of beam 8

14 Socket joint for connecting reinforcements 12 and 15

15 Reinforcement of the concrete layer 4, reinforcement bars

16 lateral surface of the joist 8

17 supporting building core

18 vertical supports

19 facade walls of the building

20 steel beam profile

21 a upper flange of steel profile 20

21 b lower flange of steel profile 20

22 impact sound and thermal insulation board

23 subfloor, screed

24 recess in the wooden panel 24a rear recess

24b hollow channel through the front intact material 27 of the wooden panel, which intact material 27 in this case is not intact solely because of the hollow channel 24b 24c front recess

25 common, wood panel overlapping recess

26 clamping devices

26a anchor; Clamping block, screw head, counter wedge

26b connecting means to the anchor; Threaded rod, tension arm

26c power transmission means; Sleeve, lever, clamping wedge

27 front intact material of the wooden panel, which is left intact except for a possible hollow channel 24b

28a rear face of the front intact material 27 of the wooden panel

28b end face of the rear intact material 29 of the wooden panel

29 rear intact material of the wooden panel

30 recesses in the wood layer 1

31 Formwork for a ceiling module

32 film for at least lateral edging of the insulating material

33 placeholders

34 sprinkler system

35 Contact surface on the wood layer 1 for the internal joist 8 to be created later

36 layer release film

37 Auxiliary scaffolding for the modular formwork 31

38 stacking storage for the ceiling module

39 recesses in the concrete layer 4 or in the concrete layer 4 and in the insulation layer 3

40 Common recess formed by the recesses 39

41 Space for pouring an internal beam 8 with in-situ concrete

42 beam reinforcement

43 dipsticks

44 lifting devices, lifting straps

45 Guides for the load handling attachments 44

46 cavity under raised floor 47 level

48 In-situ concrete of the prefabricated internal beam 8

49 Prefabricated joist

50 Built 50a high-rise

Claims

77

Wood-concrete composite ceiling, the supporting structure of which comprises a component concrete and a component wood connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, the ceiling having a layered structure (1, 3, 4) which, from bottom to top, first has a tensile load in the composite ceiling, extensive wood component, namely a wood layer (1), followed by an insulating layer (3) and finally a concrete layer (4), shear connectors (9) being installed in the composite ceiling, including at least one shear connector (9) also in the wood layer (1 ) and protrudes into the concrete layer (4) and thereby traverses the insulating layer (3), and wherein the layer structure (3, 4) of the ceiling is interrupted by at least one joist (8) in that this at least the concrete layer (4) and the insulation layer (3) and consequently extends downwards at least as far as the wooden layer (1), the wooden layer (1) not being composed of wooden beams lined up next to one another and/or the wooden layer (1) in a lowermost section of the layer, with reference to to the layer thickness, free of material-removing processing in the wood and thus left intact. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to Claim 1, in which the at least one joist (8) projects partially or completely over its length from the composite ceiling by protruding downwards and/or upwards out of the same. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to Claim 2, in which the overhang of the beam (8) which is shaped downwards in part over its length is designed as a capital of a support (18) adjoining the beam (8) at the bottom. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the 78 contains at least one joist (8) of reinforcing steel (10, 11, 12, 13) and/or a steel profile (20) with at least one lower flange (21b) as reinforcement (42). Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the one beam (8) or the several beams (8) is / are dimensioned or are measured in their number that its / their weight in total up to 10% of the total ceiling weight make out/make out. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein with an up to 50% extension of the span of the composite ceiling, up to a total length of 9 m of the extended span, the span-dependent weight increase of the ceiling does not exceed 10% of the ceiling weight and the Ceiling thickness varies by only 5-10 cm to ensure greater flexibility in floor plan design. Process for the production of a wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 6 with at least two ceiling modules, a. The ceiling modules are each created with their layer structure (1, 3, 4), so that first the wooden layer (1) with the shear connectors (9) anchored therein at their lower ends is produced from the bottom up, then the insulating layer (3) is formed and finally the concrete layer (4) is applied with its reinforcement (15), so that the upper ends of the shear connectors (9) are anchored in the concrete layer (4), b. the ceiling modules are laid in their predetermined position on one or more carriers, with either i. connect the two ceiling modules butt and thereby form an intermediate space (41), which extends downwards from a contact surface (35) on the wooden layer (1) of at least one of the ceiling modules, which has been temporarily left free from the application of material, and to the side from its insulating and concrete layers (3, 4 ) is limited, or 79ii. at least one of the girders is a prefabricated joist (49) which forms a lower projection which forms a step (47) on both sides, on each of which steps (47) a ceiling module on the joist (49) is then placed, with between the concrete layers ( 4) the ceiling modules supported in this way have an intermediate space (41) cut out above the joist (49), c. a beam reinforcement (42; 10, 11, 12, 13, 20) is inserted into the gap (41) and connected to the adjacent concrete reinforcement (15), and d. the intermediate space (41) is filled with concrete (48) and when it hardens, the beam (8) is finished. Method according to claim 7, wherein for each ceiling module aO. first the wood layer (1) is processed by inserting the shear connectors (9) into the same and fastening them therein, with a formwork (31) enclosing the wood layer (1) for the construction of the further layers (3, 4) and the formwork ( 31) limits any contact surface (35) on the wood layer (1), a1. above the wood layer (1) within the formwork (31), the insulating layer (3) is formed, a2. thereafter the reinforcement (15) for the concrete layer (4) is inserted within the formwork (31) over the insulating layer (3), and a3. the concrete layer (4) is poured inside the formwork (31) and after it has hardened, the formwork (31) is removed, with which the ceiling module is created. Method according to one of Claims 7 or 8, in which, for a beam (8) projecting at the top, dO. an upwardly extending concrete formwork adjoining the intermediate space (41) is applied, d1. the correspondingly limited space is filled with concrete (48), and d2. the concrete formwork is removed again after the concrete (48) has hardened, with which the beam (8) projecting above is completed. 80 Wood-concrete composite ceiling, the supporting structure of which comprises a concrete component and a wood component connected to it in a shear-resistant manner, the ceiling having a layered structure (1, 3, 4) which, from bottom to top, first has a tensile load in the ceiling composite, extensive wood component, namely a wood layer (1), followed by an insulating layer (3) and finally a concrete layer (4), shear connectors (9) being installed in the composite ceiling, including at least one shear connector (9) also in the wood layer (1) and protrudes into the concrete layer (4) and thereby traverses the insulating layer (3), the insulating layer (3) comprising at least two insulating materials of different density or specific weight and the denser insulating material directly on this wooden layer ( 1) is arranged or rests directly on it, which increases the inertia of the wood layer (1) and is intended to act as vibration damping, the wood layer (1) not being composed of wooden beams lined up next to each other and/or the wood layer (1) in a lowermost Section of the layer, with regard to the layer thickness, is free from material-removing processing in the wood and is therefore left intact, and the layer structure (3, 4) of the ceiling either extends over the ceiling without a joist or at least one joist (8) covers at least the concrete layer ( 4) and the insulation layer (3) and consequently extends down at least to the wood layer (1). Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to Claim 10, in which an upper layer (3b) of less dense insulating material lies on a lower layer (3a) of denser insulating material. A composite wood-concrete floor according to claim 10 or 11, wherein a cavity is formed in the floor such that the less dense insulating material is air, the concrete layer (4) resting on a permanent concrete formwork (2) over the cavity. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein for the 81 less dense insulation material air than material is excluded or the ceiling does not enclose any air cavities. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the difference in the densities or specific weights of the insulating materials is 0.5 to 2 t/m ³ . A wood-concrete composite floor according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the bearing pressure of the more dense insulating material is between 0.7 and 1.4 kN per m ² and the bearing pressure of the less dense insulating material is between 0.1 and 0.4 kN per m ² . Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the denser insulating material consists of concrete granules from concrete rubble or mixed granules from concrete and masonry rubble, and the less dense insulating material consists of lightweight building material. Use of at least two insulating materials of different density or specific weight as soundproofing by means of vibration damping of the wood layer (1) in a wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 1 to 16. A method for producing a wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 10 to 16 with at least two ceiling modules, a. wherein the ceiling modules are each created with their layer structure (1, 3, 4), so that first the wood layer (1) is produced from bottom to top with the shear connectors (9) anchored therein at their lower ends, b. then the insulating layer (3) is formed with at least two insulating materials by first introducing the denser insulating material, which increases the inertia of the wood layer (1) and is intended to act as vibration damping, and then arranging the less dense insulating material or a cavity for this purpose is released 82 c. Finally, the concrete layer (4) is created with its reinforcement (15), so that the shear connectors (9) are anchored with their upper ends in the concrete layer (4), with the connection to the at least second ceiling module being in recesses (39) in the concrete layer (4) their reinforcement (15) emerges from them, and d. the finished ceiling module is laid in its predetermined position on one or more supports and connected to the at least second ceiling module by the reinforcements (15) of the adjacent concrete layers (4) being non-positively connected and the recesses (39) then concreted. Method according to claim 18, wherein for each ceiling module aO. first the wood layer (1) is processed by inserting the shear connectors (9) into the same and fastening them therein, with a formwork (31) enclosing the wood layer (1) for the construction of the further layers (3, 4), cO. after creating the insulating layer (3), the reinforcement (15) for the concrete layer (4) is inserted inside the formwork (31) over the same, and c1. the concrete layer (4) is poured inside the formwork (31) and after it has hardened, the formwork (31) is removed, with which the ceiling module is created. Wood-concrete composite ceiling, the supporting structure of which comprises a concrete component and a wood component connected to it in a shear-resistant manner, the ceiling having a layered structure (1, 4) which, from bottom to top, first comprises a planar, extensive wooden component that can be subjected to tensile loads in the composite ceiling , namely a wooden layer (1), followed by either an insulating layer (3) and finally a concrete layer (4), or in the absence of the insulating layer (3) followed by a concrete layer (4), the wooden layer (1) having at least two includes butt-joining wooden panels, which are alternately tensioned against one another, in that one wooden panel in each case presses perpendicularly to a separating plane formed when the connection is joined to the other wooden panel, with each of the wooden panels thus tensioned against one another leaving intact their 83

At least one recess (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) is created by removing material on the underside in such a way that it forms at least one box-like space (24; 24a, 24c) in the wooden panel and is provided with a recess (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) in the The wooden panel located beyond the dividing plane forms a recessed passage spanning the two wooden panels, the wooden panels, as seen from the dividing plane, in an area behind their one or rear box-like space (24; 24a) extending in a direction perpendicularly away from the dividing plane are left intact and therefore form a rear intact material (29) there for other uses, with the clamping means (26a, 26b, 26c) being introduced into the passage and anchored at each end in at least one box-like space (24; 24a), so that as a result of clamping of this clamping means (26a, 26b, 26c) the wooden panels are clamped against one another, the wooden layer (1) not being composed of wooden beams lined up next to each other and/or the wooden layer (1) in a lowermost section of the layer, in relation to the layer thickness, free of material-removing processing in the wood and is therefore left intact, and the layered structure (3, 4) of the ceiling either extends over the ceiling without a joist or, if there is an insulating layer (3), at least one joist (8) at least the concrete layer (4) and the insulating layer (3) and consequently extends down at least to the wood layer (1). A wood-concrete composite floor according to claim 20, wherein the area left intact is directly behind the one or rear box-like space (24; 24a) and extends in a direction perpendicular away from the parting plane. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 20 or 21, wherein the area left intact either extends to an end of the wooden panel which is opposite the end of the wooden panel located at the parting plane, or the area extends to a for a bracing with a further wooden panel arranged box-like space (24; 24a) of the same wooden panel. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one of Claims 20 to 22, in which the tensioning means (26a, 26b, 26c) is located at an upstream position with respect to the parting plane point within the wooden panel. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of Claims 20 to 23, the at least one box-like space (24; 24a, 24c) being open at the top or open at the top and at the front. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the at least one box-like space (24; 24a, 24c) for receiving an anchorage (26a) of the tensioning means (26a, 26b, 26c) is rectangular. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one of claims 20 to 25, wherein either i. a clamping device (26a, 26b, 26c) is loosely inserted into the passage and clamped by being attached to an intact material (27) of the wooden panel that is formed with release and is at the front, viewed from the parting plane, which, in the case of a hollow channel (24b) running therein, is only is therefore not intact, strikes with pressure so that the wooden panels adjoining the butt joint are alternately tensioned against each other perpendicular to the parting line, and/or ii. the clamping means (26a, 26b, 26c) is anchored in at least one box-like space (24) or, seen from the parting plane, in the rear box-like space (24) in such a way that at least one end face (28b) of the rear intact material (29) remains free of anchoring means. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 20 to 26, wherein the passage spanning the two wooden panels is recessed symmetrically to the parting plane, so that the recesses (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) of the wooden panels can be produced identically and/or the clamping means (26a , 26b, 26c) can be used independently of the side. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 20 to 27, wherein the clamping means components (26a, 26b, 26c) form an arrangement symmetrical to the parting plane and/or the clamping means components (26a, 26b, 26c) orthogonal to the parting plane are effectively relocated. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of claims 20 to 28, wherein the tensioning means (26a, 26b, 26c) i. as a threaded connection with end-anchored screw heads (26a) or ii. as a lever-operated clamp with clamping blocks (26a) anchored at the end and gripped by a clamping arm (26b) or ill. realized as a wedge connection (26a, 26c), whereby for the wedge connection (26a, 26c) the front intact material (27), which in the case of a hollow channel (24b) running therein is not intact for this reason alone, extends to the parting plane on both wooden panels and a tightening wedge (26c) and a counter-wedge (26a) are arranged within a box-like space (24) of a nearside wooden panel, viewed from the parting plane, behind the front intact material (27), and a threaded rod (26b) with the counter-wedge (26a ) and is anchored with a clamping block (26a) in the opposite box-like space (24) of the wooden panel on the other side, so that when the clamping wedge (26c) is knocked down or knocked in or clamped, the wedges (26a , 26c) located front intact material (27) is pressurized. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one of Claims 20 to 29, the recesses (24) each forming a rear chamber (24a) and a front chamber (24c), viewed from the parting plane, which have a hollow channel (24b) in the front intact material (27) are connected, whereby this is not intact solely because of the hollow channel (24b), wherein the clamping means (26a, 26b, 26c) at each end in the rear chamber (24a) by means of screw heads (26a) or clamping blocks (26a) is anchored and the front chamber (24c) of a wooden panel on this side forms a common, open-topped chamber (25) with the front chamber (24c) of the wooden panel located beyond the joint axis, with the hollow channels (24b) and common chamber (25) a continuous 86

Threaded connection (26b, 26c) is realized, which can be braced either by turning a sleeve (26c), a Dutch screw connection or a nipple in the common chamber (25). Method for producing a wood-concrete composite floor according to one of Claims 20 to 30, in which a. the at least one recess (24) is created in each of the wooden panels to be braced by removing material in such a way that it forms at least one box-like space (24; 24a, 24c), b. the wooden panels are then laid end to end, with their recesses (24) forming a recessed passage spanning the two wooden panels, and c. the clamping means (26a, 26b, 26c) is introduced into the passage and anchored at each end in at least one or rear box-like space (24; 24a), d. and the clamping means (26a, 26b, 26c) is clamped from above. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein i. the clamping means (26a, 26b, 26c) is loosely inserted into the passage and is anchored in such a way that it is under tensile stress on a front intact material (27) formed with release, which in the case of a hollow channel (24b) running therein is only not intact for this reason , strikes with pressure, so that the wooden panels adjoining the butt joint are alternately clamped against each other perpendicular to the parting line, and/or ii. the tightening means (26a, 26b, 26c) is anchored in at least one or rear box-like space (24) in such a way that at least one end face (28b) of the rear intact material (29) remains free of anchoring means. A method according to any one of claims 31 or 32, wherein a. the recesses (24) each form a rear chamber (24a) and a front chamber (24c) which are connected via a hollow channel (24b) in the front intact material (27) 87 are connected, whereby this is not intact solely because of the hollow channel (24b), and b. the front chamber (24a) of a wooden panel on this side forms a common, open-topped chamber (25) with the front chamber (24a) of the wooden panel located beyond the joint axis, and c. the clamping means (26a, 26b, 26c) being anchored at each end in the rear chamber (24a) by means of a screw head (24a) or clamping block (24a), and d. a continuous threaded connection via the hollow channels (24b) and common chamber (25) is realized, which is tightened in the common chamber (25) by stationary turning of a sleeve (26c), a Dutch screw connection or a nipple. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, wherein the at least one joist (8) is reinforced. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34, wherein the at least one joist (9) is made of reinforced concrete. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-35, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) of the composite deck connects a bottom base layer with a top base layer of the composite in a shear-resistant manner. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-36, wherein the wood layer (1) as the bottom supporting layer which can be subjected to tensile stress in the composite of the ceiling and/or the concrete layer (4th ) is designed as the top load-bearing layer. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-37, wherein shear forces occurring between the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4) in at least two distinct directions in 88 increased mass of the shear connectors (9) can be accommodated. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-38, wherein shear forces occurring between the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4) can be absorbed in any direction. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-39, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) of the composite ceiling protrudes into the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4) and is held in the wood of the wood layer (1) and in the concrete of the concrete layer (4). Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-40, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) the composite deck leads over a one-piece section from the wood layer (1) into the concrete layer (4). Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-41, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) of the composite ceiling is built into the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4) in a form-fitting manner and thus without play, so that the shear connector (9) is immovably and undeformably embedded. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-42, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) the composite ceiling has such a shape that it can be installed unchanged to create a shear-resistant connection between the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4). 89 Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-43, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) crossing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector (9) the composite deck is not designed as a stirrup. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-44, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) the composite floor is not perforated. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-45, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) the composite floor is designed as a tube, profile or extruded profile, ie profile from an extrusion process. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-46, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) the composite floor is designed as a tube with or without a flange, the tube having or forming a tube section with a round or elliptical cross-section or a tube section in the form of a polygonal tube. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-47, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) the composite floor is made in one piece. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-48, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) the 90

The composite ceiling protrudes with its one end section into the wood layer (1) and with its other end section into the concrete layer (4), and is thus fully embedded in the wood and concrete. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-49, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) the composite ceiling runs outside the at least one joist (8) and/or runs outside of grooves in the wood layer (1) filled with concrete and/or runs outside of concrete overhangs from the concrete layer (4). Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-50, wherein at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector ( 9) the composite floor does not form part of a joist (8) or is not connected to the same or is not designed as a joist (8) and/or does not form part of a concrete-filled notch of the wood layer (1) or is not present as such or is not connected to such and/or does not form part of a cantilever of the concrete from the concrete layer (4) or does not exist as such or is not connected to such. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-51, wherein shear connectors (9) with a weight proportion of at least 50% of the total shear connectors (9) built into the ceiling outside of the at least one joist (8) and/or run or are built in outside of grooves of the wood layer (1) filled with concrete and/or outside of overhangs of the concrete from the concrete layer (4). Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-52, wherein the wood layer (1) is designed without notches. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 91

20-30, 34-53, the shear connection between the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4) being realized exclusively by mechanically installed shear connectors (9) which are held within the wood layer (1) and within the concrete layer (4), thus the shear connection is realized neither via a form fit nor via a surface composite. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-54, wherein the at least one shear connector (9) or each shear connector (9) traversing the insulating layer (3) or each shear connector (9) of the composite deck is held within the wood layer (1) by means of pressing and/or gluing. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-55, wherein at least one shear connector ( 9) leads directly through the insulating material of the insulating layer (3) and is thus surrounded on all sides by this, the insulating material not consisting of air. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-56, each traversing the insulating layer (3) having its end sections in the wood layer (1) and in the concrete layer (4) protruding shear connector (9) directly through the insulating material of the insulating layer (3) and is thus surrounded on all sides by this, the insulating material not consisting of air. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-57, wherein the insulation layer (3) is identical up to the shear connectors (9) crossing it and any beams (8) present is fat. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-58, wherein the insulating material of the insulating layer (3) is held completely by the wood layer and therefore does not require a lower formwork. 92 Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1 -6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-59, wherein the wood layer (1) with a uniaxial load-bearing effect of the ceiling, i.e. with uniaxial load transfer of the ceiling, in the direction of the Load transfer is resilient to train. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-60, wherein the wood layer (1) can be subjected to tensile loads over the maximum span of the ceiling. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-61, wherein the wood layer (1) over the entire length or along the entire length of the at least one joist (8). train is resilient. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-62, wherein the wood layer (1) is configured in such a way that it does not in turn rest on one or more joists ( 8) needs to be laid. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-63, wherein the wood layer (1) is configured so that it is not in turn on one or more running under it, than Wooden beams running joists (8) needs to rest. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-64, wherein the bottom layer section of the wood layer (1) extends over the entire wood layer (1) to cover the entire area. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-65, wherein the wood layer (1) terminates with its lowest layer section towards the bottom. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 93

20-30, 34-66, the wood layer (1) forming a continuous underside with its lowest layer section. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-67, wherein the wood layer (1) includes flat-edged butt-jointed wood panels or is formed from such. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 20-30, 34-68, wherein the recess (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) is created by material removal in such a way that it has at least one box-like space (24; 24a, 24c) seen from above within the wooden panel. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-69, wherein bracing of the at least two butt-joint, mutually tensioned wooden panels results in the same having a permanent tension force against one another are tense and not merely held in position relative to one another. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-70, wherein the bracing of the at least two butt-jointed wooden panels mutually tensioned against each other over a panel area on both sides of a parting plane of the two mutually braced wooden panels is realized, which panel area includes only part of a length of the wooden panel in the clamping direction. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-71, wherein the lowermost layer portion of the wood layer (1) there forms a layer which has a height. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-72, wherein the wood of the lowermost layer section of the wood layer (1) except for seams at locations of the parting planes which are perpendicular to the span direction the 94 wooden panels stretched against each other, is seamless and continuous. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-73, wherein the wood layer (1) is free from material-removing processing on its underside and is therefore left intact. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-74, wherein the wood layer (1) terminates at the bottom as a level ceiling soffit. A wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-75, wherein the bottom layer section has a height. The wood-concrete composite deck of claim 76, wherein the height of the bottom layer portion is at least 5mm. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-77, wherein the wood layer (1) does not include any components in the form of individual wooden beams. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-78, wherein the wood layer (1) is made of a wood material made of cross laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber or solid wood. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-79, wherein the wood layer (1) is not formed from stacked boards. Wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-80, wherein the wood layer (1) is not formed from wood chip materials. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 95

20-30, 34-81, the course of the layers (1, 3, 4) of the ceiling continuing on both sides of the at least one joist (8). Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-82, wherein the at least one joist (8) or a cantilever of the concrete of the concrete layer (4) is flush with the wood layer ( 1 ) connects. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-83, wherein shear connectors (9) are installed in the composite ceiling, of which at least one shear connector (9) is simultaneously embedded in the wood layer ( 1) and protrudes into the concrete layer (4) and thereby traverses the insulating layer (3). Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-84, wherein the wood layer (1) in the ceiling composite is subjected to tensile loading when the ceiling is installed. Wood-concrete composite ceiling according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-85. Building (50) with one or more built-in wood-concrete composite ceilings according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-86. Building (50) according to Claim 87, being used as a residential and/or office building, administration building, school, educational establishment, meeting place, trade fair or town hall, congress and concert hall, library, museum, archive, shopping center, hotel, swimming pool, sports stadium, Train station or airport is running. Building (50) according to one of claims 87 or 88, wherein it is designed as a high-rise building (50a) with a total height of 25 m or more. Building (50) according to one or more of claims 87 to 89 with one or 96 several built-in wood-concrete composite ceilings according to one or more of claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-86, wherein the ceilings are installed in a horizontal position and/or in an inclined position of up to 45°. Method according to one or more of claims 7-9, 18-19, 31-33. Method according to one or more of Claims 7-9, 18-19, 31-33 for producing a wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-86. Method according to one or more of Claims 7-9, 18-19, 31-33 for creating a structure according to one of Claims 87-90. Use according to Claim 17 in a wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-86. Use according to Claim 17 in a wood-concrete composite floor according to one or more of Claims 1-6, 10-16, 20-30, 34-86, which is installed in a structure according to any one of Claims 87-90.