DE20017574U1 - Building wall parts, in particular walls, floors, ceilings or the like. as well as elements of it with thick matter filling - Google Patents

Description

Utility model application

Thomas Wiegand

Panoramastrasse 10
08301 Schlema

Building wall parts, in particular walls, floors, ceilings or similar as well as elements thereof with thick material filling

The invention relates to building wall parts, in particular walls, floors, ceilings or the like, as well as elements thereof with thick material filling, wherein at least part of the thick material filling contains a polystyrene granulate, which is preferably intended for thermal insulation and as sound insulation and as a completing filling compound.

Components with load-bearing wood and steel construction and free spaces filled with hardened thick materials are known from the publication DE 298 14 631 Ul, in which the polystyrene lightweight concrete used as a dry mix for the hardenable thick materials consists of cement, a ready-to-use mixture of thermocellular gauze, type 8, and a thermocellular catalyst which acts as an air-forming agent, whereby a dry bulk density of 250 to 450 kg/m^ is obtained by a predetermined mixing ratio of the components.

The above components are separated into

Transported to a processing facility and stored in a

The mixture is then filled into the compulsory mixer according to the mixing ratio and mixed with water. This creates a moist

Thick matter, whereby due to its rapid

Due to the curing effort it is necessary to process it immediately.

Thermocellular gauze, type 8, is shredded foamed polystyrene in the form of flakes, with several polystyrene particles adhering to each other, resulting in particles of different sizes, often different in magnitude.

To facilitate the mixing of the polystyrene flakes and to prevent the flakes from swelling, a special thermocell catalyst is added to the mixing process.

One problem with the known dry mix is that the crushing and grinding technologies used in recycling polystyrene rigid foam essentially result in flakes, i.e., in addition to individual grains, there are also particles of different numbers and sizes bound together, which leads to areas of different thermal insulation in the

building walls. Cleaning in the form of separation of dirt, dust and milling chips is also not possible. Furthermore, there is no classification of particle sizes, which could result in greater homogeneity of the hardened thick material layers.

A third problem is that the well-known dry mix is used as a uniform layer to fill open spaces or empty spaces. This means that the overall layer of consistent, constant thermal insulation remains.

Manufacturers often add expensive chemicals to the polystyrene foam flakes, such as formaldehyde, which is harmful to personnel, and then package them airtight when they are still wet.

In the publication DE 44 28 200 Al, the polystyrene granulate is also wetted with a liquid surfactant solution at the factory in order to obtain a non-flammable polystyrene granulate in granular form. The polystyrene granulate with the surfactants added is then stored in a moist state and sealed airtight.

The well-known Goidinger quick-build system with polystyrene concrete wall elements consists of storey-high, 100 cm wide load-bearing wall panels based on polystyrene concrete. The polystyrene concrete used to produce the wall elements, in particular polystyrene lightweight concrete, is produced as follows: polystyrene beads are expanded from new material to form spherical particles in the size range of 1 to 5 mm in diameter. The polystyrene beads are mixed with cement, sand and water in a predetermined

Mixing ratio in a mixer. The dry bulk density used is 550 to 630 kg/m^.

The wall elements, manufactured according to the principle of lost formwork, are 30 cm thick and contain cavities in the form of circular cylindrical recesses and semi-circular depressions at the longitudinal joints, each with a diameter of around 20 cm. After assembly on site, the cylindrical recesses in the wall elements are filled with moist in-situ concrete to ensure the statics and then represent the supporting and retaining structure of the wall elements. However, after the concrete has hardened, temperature bridges often form, which further reduce the thermal insulation.

Another problem with the known rapid construction system is that the polystyrene lightweight concrete can only be produced on site by mixing in a mixer in a wet state. Since the particles are made from virgin polystyrene material, they also have round, smooth surfaces, which makes it difficult to bind hydraulic binding agents, especially cement. As a result of the different initial densities of the components before the start of the mixing process, significant amounts of polystyrene particles float on the cement/sand mixture even during the mixing process.

The production of the known wall elements with permanent formwork using polystyrene lightweight concrete appears to be costly and time-consuming. The wall elements are cast in steel formwork at the factory and dried in a heating oven, which requires a relatively high energy consumption. After that, a further three months of storage is planned. On the other hand, the added sand reduces the thermal insulation.

Another well-known method of producing wall elements is the well-known RASTRA construction system, which is similar to the Goidinger quick-build system and whose associated wall elements can be manufactured industrially with wall thicknesses of 25, 30, 38 cm. The moistened polystyrene concrete used consists of cement, sand and polystyrene particles as well as water in a predetermined mixing ratio. The polystyrene recycling product used for this consists of coarsely shredded rigid foam, which produces both individual grains and polystyrene flakes, which are to be defined as a composite of 2, 3 and/or more polystyrene particles.

The polystyrene-thick material mixture, especially the concrete mixture, can be prepared in a horizontal mixer.

In a stationary production facility, the thick material mixture is pressed into RASTRA blanks in the form of half-wall parts and hardened in a specially designed drying facility. The RASTRA standard elements are created by gluing two RASTRA blanks together in the production facility. The elements can be cut to size, milled to ensure dimensional accuracy and glued together to form larger wall elements. In comparison to the Goidinger wall elements, the standard elements not only have one-dimensional recesses, but also two-dimensional, honeycomb-shaped horizontal and vertical channels in the wall elements. To allow the wall elements to dry out completely, they can be stored outdoors before further processing.

The channels are cast with in-situ concrete on site during construction of the building to stabilize the building.

The problems are similar to those of the Goidinger quick-build system. There is a high level of mechanical engineering involved, which is accompanied by high energy consumption. In addition, the drying times for the wall elements are relatively long. The in-situ concrete filling in the large number of honeycomb-shaped horizontal and vertical channels results in reduced thermal insulation, which is further reduced by the addition of sand to the polystyrene concrete.

This construction system also uses a uniform, continuous layer of polystyrene granulate mixture with a dry bulk density. All known construction systems are essentially limited to the formation of wall elements.

The invention is based on the object of specifying building wall parts, in particular walls, floors, ceilings or the like, as well as elements thereof with a thick material filling, for which the hardenable thick materials to be filled into the given free spaces are designed in such a way that the material and manufacturing costs as well as the subsequent energy costs for the heat supply of a building can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, large areas of inhomogeneous thermal insulation in a building wall part are to be avoided.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. In the building wall parts according to the preamble of claim 1, the thick material filling of at least one hardened layer contains at least a portion of recycled polystyrene granulate and at least one hydraulic binder and optionally at least one additive as components, whereby the essential dry component is the

Thick material layers are provided with a polystyrene particle component granulate, in particular a polystyrene particle binder granulate, in which the components, in particular at least one binder, are ground onto the particle surfaces under a defined pressing pressure, and wherein the polystyrene particle component granulate contains at least partially cleaned, pressed and surface-crumpled polystyrene particles which are classified according to a defined size range.

A building wall part can be a wall, a floor, a ceiling or a roof as well as wall elements, floor elements, ceiling or roof elements or the like.

The free spaces in the building wall parts can be provided with coordinated, parallel in the wall part plane, adhesively bonded thick material layers with different mixing ratios of pressed, pressed polystyrene particles, binders rolled on them and, if necessary, additives - i.e. components.

According to the invention, the thick material fillings can represent several layers with different dry bulk densities in a layer composite.

The building wall part can contain at least one supporting and/or holding structure, preferably made of wood and/or steel, and at least one free space filled with hardened thick materials in a layered composite, the building wall part optionally being designed as a prefabricated panel in which at least part of the thick materials is filled with components, in particular binding agents, before they become moist.

pressed and surface crumpled polystyrene granules.

The building wall part can be designed as a wall or wall element and have at least one mineral interior and/or exterior plaster, wherein in the existing free spaces perpendicular to the wall or element plane preferably several hardened thick material layers made of polystyrene lightweight concrete of different dry bulk densities are provided.

The building wall part can also be designed as a floor or floor element and for the filling preferably contain thick layers of polystyrene base plaster, at least one polystyrene screed, a polystyrene lightweight concrete or the like, i.e. thick materials formed with polystyrene particle component granules arranged in layers perpendicular to the floor plane and parallel in the plane and connected to one another in a merging manner.

The building wall part can be designed in a similar way as a ceiling or ceiling element and, to complete it, have a polystyrene lightweight concrete and/or a polystyrene screed filling as a heat-insulating and sound-proofing layer on a base plate underneath, in particular a base concrete plate.

The building wall part can further be designed as a basement ceiling or basement ceiling element and preferably contain a polystyrene screed with the polystyrene particle component granulate as a hardenable thick material layer.

Finally, the building wall part can also represent a roof or a roof element in which at least one

A hardenable thick material layer in the form of a polystyrene backfill with the polystyrene particle component granulate is filled into the conventional air slots.

With the elements or building wall parts mentioned above and with elements or building wall parts designed similarly to the invention, buildings can be renovated and new buildings can be constructed and equipped at least in the form of low-energy houses.

Further developments and more detailed embodiments of the invention are described in further subclaims.

The invention is explained using several embodiments and several drawings.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic detail of a free space of a building wall part in the form of a first wall element, wherein the free space is filled with several parallel layers which bond together when hardened, preferably with layers of hardened thick materials (external wall structure),

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a polystyrene particle component granulate used, consisting of adjacent, surface-deformed particles and rolled-on components, in particular binding agents,

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second wall element with a wooden post as a supporting and holding structure,

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third wall element with three wooden beams arranged parallel to each other, in particular square timbers, and free spaces filled with hardened thick material layers,

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a cross-section of a ceiling slab or first floor ceiling with a metal element connecting and stabilizing the inserted wooden beams, in particular a metal spindle,

Fig. 6 a schematic representation of a second floor ceiling with a polystyrene backfill and polystyrene screed above it within a supporting and retaining structure with square timbers,

Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a third floor ceiling with a polystyrene backfill and a polystyrene screed within a supporting and retaining structure with square timbers with regard to a gutting and new planking including installation elements,

Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a building in the basement area with at least one hardened thick material layer to complete the building wall parts both in the basement floor area and in the basement ceiling area,

Fig. 9 a schematic representation of a roof construction in longitudinal section and

Fig. 10 is a schematic representation of a cross-section of a rafter polystyrene backfill in the roof area in a similar manner to Fig. 9.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional section (external wall structure) of a first free space 2 of a building wall part in the form of a first wall element 1, which can be part of a storey wall, wherein the free space 2 is provided with various layers 3,4,5,6,7, in particular with the three vertically directed, hardened thick material layers 4,5,6 in a first layer composite 117.

The existing first free space 2 is provided with the coordinated outer, first and second finishing layers 3,7 arranged parallel to the first wall part plane 8 as well as with the inner, adhesively bonded thick material layers 4,5,6 of different mixing ratios of polystyrene particles, binders rolled on them and, if necessary, additives - the components - which is also reflected in the different dry bulk densities given below.

In this case, the first outer finishing layer 3, directed from the inside to the outside of the room, can optionally consist of a mineral plaster, of a plaster containing polystyrene particle component granulate 9 and/or of a scaffold-supporting, finishing plasterboard or the like.

The dry mix of the subsequent first thick matter layer 4 (e.g. 12 mm) preferably has a dry bulk density of approx. 300 to 500 kg/m ³ .

·

·

t ·

·

The dry mix of the second thick material layer 5 (e.g. 140 mm) preferably has a bulk density of approx. 230 to 300 kg/m^.

The dry mix of the third thick material layer 6 (e.g. 40 mm) can correspond to the dry mix of the first thick material layer 4, the dry bulk density of which is between 300 and 500 kg/m^.

The other outer second finishing layer 7 (e.g. 20 mm) can be in the form of a mineral exterior plaster or a plaster with a polystyrene particle component granulate.

The layers 3,4,5,6,7 are intensively connected to each other by the given curing.

Fig. 2 shows three polystyrene particles 12, 13, 14 of a polystyrene particle component granulate 9 which have been pressed together with the components 10 - binder(s) and optionally additives. According to the invention, the three hardened thick material layers 4, 5, 6 shown in Fig. 1 can contain at least one such polystyrene particle component granulate 9, which consists at least partially of a recycled polystyrene granulate, at least one hydraulic binder and optionally at least one additive as components, wherein the essential dry component of the thick material layers 4, 5, 6 is one of the polystyrene granulates (polystyrene particle component granulate) 9, which depends on the mixing ratio and contains the components 10, in which the binder or the components 10 are ground onto the particle surfaces 11, 15, 16 under a defined pressing pressure before it is moistened, and wherein the polystyrene particle component granulate 9 contains at least partially cleaned, pressed and surfaces 11, 15, 16 crumpled

Polystyrene particles 12, 13, 14 which are classified according to a defined size range. The surfaces 11, 15, 16 can preferably be largely scaly in shape.

In Fig. 3, the building wall part is shown schematically in a cross section in the form of a second wall element 17 (or a wall), which contains at least one supporting and/or holding structure 18, preferably made of wood and/or steel, and at least one second free space 19 filled with hardened thick materials, wherein the wall element 17 is formed in a layer composite 118 from several thick material layers 24, 26, 27 of different dry bulk densities, depending on requirements, optionally as a prefabricated panel 20, in which at least part of the thick materials has the polystyrene particle component granulate 9 according to the invention as a filler, preferably for thermal insulation and as soundproofing.

Particularly in house building programs, 18 wooden scaffolding/skeletons/stands are favored as supporting and retaining structures.

The support and holding structure 18 of the wall element 17 can preferably be designed as a wooden stand and consist of at least two wooden beams (square timbers) 21, 22 arranged at the front and spaced apart from one another, which are held at a distance by means of wooden strips 23 arranged at the cross sides, with a third outer finishing layer 29 being attached to the wooden stand 18 as a rear stabilizing support, which can optionally consist of dry screed, plasterboard or hardboard or also of additional wooden boards with plaster. Between the two square timbers 21, 22 and the wooden cross strips 23 holding them and the beam-holding and space-closing third

- 14 -

On the front side of the final layer 29, parallel to the wall part plane 25, there is a second free space 19 between the square timbers 21, 22, in which several layers 24, 26, 27 made of thick materials are applied.
Each of the individual layers 24, 26, 27 of the second layer composite 118 has a specific task. The inner layer 24 is a polystyrene lightweight concrete with high strength and a dry bulk density in the range between 300 and 850 kg/m ³ in order to counteract shear forces that arise in radiators, cupboard parts, shelves and other parts of the room. The corresponding thickness can be varied from 20 mm to 100 mm and can be determined depending on external influences. This is followed by the actual thermal insulation layer 26, preferably made of polystyrene screed, with a thickness of approx. 120 mm to 220 mm, a bulk density of approx. 180 to 230 kg/m ³ and a thermal conductivity of approx. 0.070 W/(mK) to 0.075 W/(mK). These values are determined in particular by the region in which the buildings are to be constructed. A polystyrene base coat with a thickness of between 10 mm and 40 mm is used as the third thick layer 27, depending on the location, with a dry bulk density of approx. 150 to 250 kg/m ³ . A fourth finishing coat 28 can be a fine coat of plaster (thickness of plaster approx. 2 to 3 mm) on the front side. All layers 29, 24, 26, 27, 28 are firmly bonded to one another at the respective interfaces by the hardening process determined by the binding agent.

The prefabrication of the timber frame is essential, whereby the supporting wooden beams or strips are first inserted or attached to the squared timbers, at least at the ends, in order to give the timber frame the necessary stability and to prevent the polystyrene thick material layers from slipping out later. Depending on the application, the associated external walls can

in a total thickness of approx. 150 mm to 410 mm.

Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of a third wall element 30 with several, in particular three square timbers 31, 32 and 33, as well as two hardened polystyrene thick material layers 34, 37 in the form of a polystyrene lightweight concrete and two finishing layers 35, 36 attached to the front and rear, preferably spaced apart in parallel. The third and fourth square timbers 31, 32, which are spaced apart from one another, are each installed on the wall edge side and the associated fifth square timber 33 is installed approximately in the middle of the third wall element 30. Here too, the wooden beams 31, 32, 33 can each be held on the beam end face with wooden strips attached to them (not shown). However, intermediate strips can also be inserted. The two free spaces 38,39 between the three square timbers with the distances 31-33 and 33-32 are provided with the hardened thick material layers 34,37. Preferably, the thick material layers 34,37 can each be a composite of thick material layers with different dry bulk densities.
The two transversely spaced fifth and sixth finishing layers 35,36 can optionally be designed as polystyrene boards and/or hardboards and/or plasterboards and/or dry screed boards and/or decorative boards and can be provided with plaster.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a cross section of a ceiling panel or a first floor ceiling 63 or a wall or wall element with at least one metal element connecting and stabilizing the inserted wooden beams 55, 56, 57, in particular a metal spindle 58. Preferably, in the ceiling constructions in Fig. 5, for stabilizing the mostly longitudinally parallel,

Metal spindles 58 holding the pieces of wood 55,56,57 can be inserted continuously or in sections between the square pieces of wood 55,56,57 between the spaced-apart square pieces of wood 55,56,57. The large washers 68,69 and metal nuts 59,60 attached to the metal spindles 58 are intended for locking the square pieces of wood 55,56,57. On the underside of the floor slab 63, plasterboard and/or hardboard or wooden strips can be attached to the square pieces of wood 55,56,57 as a supporting layer 64 for the thick material layers 61,62. The thick material layers 61,62 can have a dry density in the range of 300 to 850 kg/m ³ as polystyrene lightweight concrete. In this case, parts of the metal spindles 58 are embedded and encased in the hardened thick material layers 61, 62. Polystyrene plates 65, a film 66 and a layer, in particular a plank layer 67, optionally made of flowing screed, dry screed or hardboard can be attached to the top of the square timbers 55 to 57 in a vertically upward direction in the order mentioned.

The thick material layers can also be used as backfills for ceilings, especially for floor slabs.

In Fig. 6, a schematic representation of a second floor ceiling 70 on a floor wall 83 with such a first polystyrene backfill 71 and a third polystyrene screed 72 is shown within a support and holding structure with a first and a second ceiling beam 73,74. A plank cladding 75 is attached to the underside of the two ceiling beams 73,74. Support battens 76,77 are attached to the sides of the ceiling beams 73,74, on which a false floor 78 with the first polystyrene backfill 71 placed above it is supported. On the common flat end surface of the

A floorboard 79 is attached to the first polystyrene backfill 71 and the ceiling beams 73, 74, on which the third polystyrene screed 72, an insulating cover 81 and a dry floor 82 can be located. A second floor covering 80, which is attached to the first floor wall 83 with first skirting boards 84, can be located on top of this.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a third floor ceiling 85 on a second floor wall 86 with a second polystyrene backfill 87 within a support and holding structure with a third and a fourth ceiling beam 88,89 with regard to a gutting and new paneling including installation elements 90. On the underside of the ceiling beams 88,89, retaining strips 99,100 holding spring brackets 91,92 are attached, to which a ceiling paneling 93 is attached. The installation elements 90 can be attached to the sides of the ceiling beams 88 and/or 89. Felt elements 94,95, in particular felt strips, can be attached to the top of the ceiling beams 88,89, onto which a floorboard 96 (chipboard) is attached. On this there is a third floor covering 97 with counter-holding second skirting boards 98.

In Fig. 8, a cross section through a building 41 is shown, in particular through an area of a basement 40 with a basement ceiling 42, a basement floor 43 and a basement wall 44. The basement floor 43 has a first polystyrene screed 46 on the basement concrete slab 45 facing the basement ceiling 42, which can be sealed horizontally at the top and bottom by a first and a second sealing element 47, 48, preferably foils, at a distance equal to the thickness of the first polystyrene screed 46. A first screed 49 and

Finally, at least a first floor covering 50 must be applied. The same applies to the basement ceiling 42, in which the first sealing element 47 is preferably omitted and a second polystyrene screed filling 53 is applied between the load-bearing concrete ceiling slab 51 and the first film 52 for the upper screed 54 located above it. The first floor covering 50 can also be held by third skirting boards 101.

Fig. 9 shows a schematic representation of a roof construction 102 in longitudinal section between two rafters (not shown), which essentially consists of a roof wall 103, a roof skin 104, a roof covering 105 and air slots 106 that extend from rafter to rafter and between the roof wall 103 and the roof skin 104. A third fast-drying and hardening polystyrene backfill 107 made of moistened polystyrene particle component granulate 9 is blown into the air slot 106, which has a dry bulk density preferably in the range of 130 to 180 kg/m ³ and enables sufficient thermal insulation and ventilation.

Wooden boards, plasterboard, chipboard, dry screed boards and wood-cement boards with lightweight plaster can be used as the roof wall 103. A wooden formwork is preferably provided as the roof covering 104. Roof tiles, slate, shingles and sheet metal can be used for the roofing 105.

Fig. 10 shows a schematic representation of a cross section of a rafter polystyrene backfill 108 in a roof construction 109 similar to that in Fig. 9, wherein the rafters 110 and 111 as supports of the roof construction 109 are also simultaneously in contact with each other in loose fill in their spacing area via a fourth polystyrene backfill 108.

On the underside of the roof, a laminated underlayment 112 is attached to the rafters 110 and 111 by means of a lower batten 116. On the sides of the rafters 110, 111 there is a foil 113 which is attached to the rafters 110, 111 by means of an upper batten 114. On the rafters 110, 111 there is the roof skin 102 which is usually designed as a wooden formwork. The roof is finished off with a roof covering 115 in the form of roof tiles.

With the above-mentioned building wall parts 1,117,30,42,43,63, 70,85,102,109 and similarly designed elements, which are essentially based on the use of the defined polystyrene component granulate 9 with at least partially added recycled polystyrene granulate in hardenable thick material layers, not only can building renovations be carried out, but also a low-energy building can be constructed which can prove to be very energy-saving and cost-effective.

The advantages of building wall components with varying thick material layers are that the layered composite allows many positive properties to be adjusted, in particular the thermal insulation inside the wall component, depending on requirements and terrestrial location as well as climatic conditions depending on the dry bulk density and layer thickness in order to maintain an acceptable comfort level in the building.

The use of waste polystyrene rigid foam in comparison to the thick material layers based on polystyrene particles expanded directly using new material for the at least equally usable polystyrene particle component granules brings at least an environmentally improving conversion and relocation of civil waste in accordance with

the existing civilisation requirements, in particular the daily surrounding framework and building space conditions.

List of reference symbols

1 first wall element

2 first free space

3 first finishing layer

4 first thick layer

5 second thick layer

6 third thick layer

7 second final layer

8 first wall part level

9 Polystyrene particle component granulate

10 components, especially binders

11 first surface

12 first polystyrene particle

13 second polystyrene particle

14 third polystyrene particle

15 second surface

16 third surface

17 second wall element

18 Supporting and holding structure

19 second free space

20 Plate

21 first wooden beam

22 second wooden beam

23 wooden strips

24 fourth thick layer

25 second wall part level

26 fifth thick material layer

27 sixth thick material layer

28 fourth final layer

29 third final layer

30 third wall element

31 third wooden beam

32 fourth wooden beam

33 fifth wooden beam

34 seventh thick material layer

35 fifth final layer

36 sixth final layer

37 eighth thick material layer

38 third free space

39 fourth free space

40 basement

41 buildings

42 basement ceiling

43 Basement floor

44 Cellar wall

45 basement concrete slab

46 first polystyrene screed

47 first sealing element

48 second sealing element

49 first screed

50 first floor covering

51 Ceiling concrete slab

52 first slide

53 second polystyrene screed

54 second screed

55 first square timber

56 second square timber

57 third square timber

58 Metal spindle

59 first metal nut

60 second metal nut

61 first hardened thick material layer

62 second hardened thick material layer

63 first floor ceiling

64 Base layer

- 22 -

65 polystyrene panels

66 second slide

67 plank layer

68 first washer

69 second washer

70 second floor ceiling

71 first polystyrene backfill

72 third polystyrene screed

73 first ceiling beam

74 second ceiling beam

75 Floorboard cladding

76 first support bar

77 second support batten 7 8 false floor

79 Floorboards

80 second floor covering

81 Insulation cover

82 Dry floor

83 first floor wall

84 first skirting board

85 third floor ceiling

86 second floor wall

87 second polystyrene backfill

88 third ceiling beam

89 fourth ceiling beam

90 installation elements

91 first spring clip

92 second spring clip

93 Ceiling paneling

94 first felt element

95 second felt element

96 Floorboards

97 third floor covering

98 second skirting board

99 first retaining bar

100 second retaining bar

101 third skirting board

102 first roof construction

103 Roof wall

104 Roof covering

105 first roofing

106 Air slot

107 third polystyrene backfill

108 fourth polystyrene backfill

109 second roof construction

110 first rafter

111 second rafter

112 Underlayment

113 third slide

114 upper batten

115 second roofing

116 lower battens

117 first layer composite

118 second layer composite

Claims (24)

1. Building wall parts, in particular walls, floors, ceilings or the like and elements thereof with thick material filling, wherein at least part of the thick material filling contains a polystyrene granulate, which is preferably intended for thermal insulation and as sound insulation and as a completing filling compound, characterized in that the thick material filling of at least one hardened layer ( 4 , 5 , 6 ; 24 , 26 , 27 ; 34 , 37 ; 46 , 53 ; 61 , 61 ; 71 , 72 ; 87 ; 107 ; 108 ) at least partially contains a recycled polystyrene granulate and at least one hydraulic binder ( 10 ) and optionally at least one additive as components, wherein the essential dry component of the thick material layers ( 4 , 5 , 6 ; 24 , 26 , 27 ; 34 , 37 ; 46 , 53 ; 61 , 61 ; 71 , 72 ; 87 ; 107 ; 108 ) a polystyrene particle component granulate ( 9 ), in particular a polystyrene particle binder granulate, is provided, in which the components, in particular at least one binder ( 10 ), are ground onto the particle surfaces ( 11 , 15 , 16 ) under a defined pressing pressure, and wherein the polystyrene particle component granulate ( 9 ) contains at least partially cleaned, pressed and surface ( 11 , 15 , 16 ) crumpled polystyrene particles ( 12 , 13 , 14 ) which are classified according to a defined size range. 2. Building wall part according to claim 1, characterized in that the thick material fillings are designed in the form of several layers ( 4 , 5 , 6 ; 24 , 26 , 27 ) with different dry bulk densities in a layer composite ( 117 ; 118 ). 3. Building wall part according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains at least one supporting and/or holding structure ( 18 ), preferably made of wood and/or steel, and at least one free space ( 2 , 19 , 38 , 39 ) filled with hardened thick materials, wherein the building wall part ( 1 , 17 , 30 ) is optionally designed as a prefabricated panel ( 20 ) in which at least part of the thick materials has polystyrene particle component granulate ( 9 ) pressed with components ( 10 ) before they become moistened and crumpled surfaces ( 11 , 15 , 16 ). 4. Building wall part according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in building construction and renovation programs, preferably wooden scaffolds/skeletons/stands are used as supporting and holding structures ( 18 ) within the building wall parts, wherein optionally in buildings in imitation and development of the half-timbered house style the walls and/or wall elements have visible wooden elements on their side related to the view. 5. Building wall part according to claim 4, characterized in that the wooden frame is prefabricated, in which wooden beams or strips are applied to the load-bearing squared timbers at least on the beam front side in order to prevent the composite of the polystyrene thick material layers from slipping out later. 6. Building wall part according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the existing free spaces ( 2 , 19 , 38 , 39 ) are provided with coordinated, parallel in the respective building wall part plane ( 8 , 25 ) arranged, adhesively bonded thick material layers ( 4 , 5 , 6 ; 24 , 26 , 27 ) of different mixing ratios of pressed, pressed polystyrene particles ( 12 , 13 , 14 ), components rolled on them ( 10 ), in particular binding agents and optionally additives. 7. Building wall part according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is designed as a wall or wall element ( 1 ) and in the open spaces preferably has three parallel thick material layers ( 4 , 5 , 6 ) as well as external finishing layers ( 3 , 7 ) optionally made of a mineral plaster, of a plaster containing polystyrene particle component granulate ( 9 ), of a post-supporting, finishing plasterboard or the like, wherein the thick material layers ( 4 , 5 , 6 ) located between them preferably have reduced dry bulk densities in the direction of the interior of the open space, wherein the dry mix of outer thick material layers ( 4 , 6 ) preferably has a bulk density of over 300 to 500 kg/m ³ and the dry mix of the inner thick material layer ( 5 ) preferably has a bulk density of approximately 230 to 300 kg/m ³ . 8. Building wall part according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains in the form of a wall or a wall element ( 17 ) at least one supporting and/or holding structure ( 18 ), preferably made of wood and/or steel, and at least one free space ( 19 ) that can be filled with hardened thick materials in the layer composite ( 118 ), wherein the wall or the wall element ( 17 ) is designed in multiple layers, optionally as a prefabricated panel ( 20 ), in which at least part of the thick materials has a polystyrene particle component granulate ( 9 ) as a filler, preferably for thermal insulation and as soundproofing. 9. Building wall part according to claim 8, characterized in that the supporting and holding structure ( 18 ) is designed as a wooden stand/skeleton/framework and preferably contains two wooden beams, in particular square timbers ( 21 , 22 ), arranged at the front of the wall part and spaced apart from one another, between which a preferably wood-holding finishing layer ( 29 ) is attached at the rear, wherein between the two square timbers ( 21 , 22 ) and in front of the rear finishing layer ( 29 ) there is a free space ( 19 ) on the front, which is filled with at least one hardened thick material layer ( 24 ), preferably with polystyrene lightweight concrete in the associated wall part plane ( 25 ), wherein optionally further thick material layers ( 26 , 27 ) are applied to the thick material layer ( 24 ) at the front, wherein the adjacent thick material layer ( 26 ) as a thermal insulation layer a polystyrene screed fill, the next thick material layer ( 27 ) a polystyrene base plaster and the front finishing layer ( 28 ) preferably a fine plaster and wherein the rear finishing layer ( 29 ) optionally comprises dry screed panels, plasterboard, hardboard or also additional wooden boards provided with plaster. 10. Building wall part according to claim 9, characterized in that the layer composite ( 118 ) and thus each of the individual layers ( 24 , 26 , 27 ) has a determination dependent on the dry bulk density, wherein the inner layer ( 24 ) is a polystyrene lightweight concrete with high strength and with a high dry bulk density in the range between 300 and 850 kg/m ³ , the thermal insulation layer ( 26 ) formed with polystyrene screed filling with a bulk density of approx. 230 to 300 kg/m ³ and with a thermal conductivity of approx. 0.070 W/(mK) to 0.075 W/(mK) and the third thick material layer ( 27 ) preferably represents a polystyrene base plaster with a dry bulk density of approx. 150 to 250 kg/m ³ and with a different thickness depending on the location, wherein in all thick material layers ( 24 , 26 , 27 ) contain polystyrene particle component granules ( 9 ). 11. Building wall part according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a wall or a wall element ( 30 ) with at least three square timbers ( 31 , 32 , 33 ) spaced apart from one another, with hardened polystyrene thick material layers ( 34 , 37 ) made of polystyrene lightweight concrete located transversely between them, preferably with a dry bulk density in the range of 300 to 850 kg/m ³ , and with two closing layers ( 35 , 36 ) attached to the front and rear, preferably spaced apart in parallel, wherein between two square timbers ( 31 , 32 ) spaced apart from one another on the front side of the wall part, further square timbers ( 33 ) are installed and the wood-free spaces ( 38 , 39 ) are filled with hardened thick material layers ( 34 , 37 ) and wherein the two spaced-apart finishing layers ( 35 , 36 ) are optionally designed as polystyrene panels and/or hardboards and/or plasterboards and/or dry screed panels and/or decorative boards and are provided with plaster. 12. Building wall part according to claims 8 to 11, characterized in that for stabilizing the wooden beams, which are mostly arranged parallel to one another in length, preferably the square timbers ( 31 , 32 , 33 ), metal elements holding the square timbers, in particular metal spindles ( 58 ), are inserted and fastened continuously or in sections between the square timbers ( 31 , 32 , 33 ), wherein parts of the metal spindles ( 58 ) are arranged embedded and encased in the hardened thick material layers ( 34 , 37 ). 13. Building wall part according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as a floor or floor element, which are provided with at least one hardened thick material layer ( 46 , 53 ) containing polystyrene particle component granulate ( 9 ) above the respective associated base plate ( 45 , 51 ), wherein preferably the basement floor ( 43 ) has a first polystyrene screed fill ( 46 ) between the lower basement concrete slab ( 45 ) directed towards the basement ceiling ( 42 ), which is each sealed horizontally at a distance of the thickness of the polystyrene screed fill ( 46 ) by sealing elements ( 47 , 48 ), preferably foils, and a screed ( 49 ) and finally at least one floor covering ( 50 ) are applied above the foil ( 48 ), and wherein in the above located ceilings or ceiling elements with room height objections, preferably the basement ceiling ( 42 ), above on the load-bearing lower ceiling concrete slab ( 51 ) a hardened thick material layer in the form of a polystyrene screed filling ( 53 ) is applied. 14. Building wall part according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a floor ceiling ( 63 ) or as a floor ceiling element or a wall/wall element with at least one metal element connecting and stabilizing the inserted wooden beams ( 55 , 56 , 57 ), preferably square timbers, with each other, in particular a metal spindle ( 58 ), which is inserted continuously or in sections between the spaced square timbers ( 55 , 56 , 57 ), wherein the large washers ( 68 , 69 ) and metal nuts (5ß, 60) attached to the metal spindles ( 58 ) are provided for locking the square timbers ( 55 , 56 , 57 ), wherein on the underside of the floor ceiling ( 63 ) as a supporting layer ( 64 ) for the above Thick material layers ( 61 , 62 ) containing polystyrene particle component granulate ( 9 ), optionally plasterboard and/or hardboard or wooden boards are attached to the square pieces of wood ( 55 , 56 , 57 ) and the thick material layers ( 61 , 62 ) are designed as polystyrene lightweight concrete, exposed parts of the metal spindles ( 58 ) being embedded and encased in the hardened thick material layers ( 61 , 62 ) and preferably polystyrene boards ( 65 ), a film ( 66 ) and a layer ( 67 ) optionally made of flowing screed, dry screed or hardboard are attached to the top of the square pieces of wood ( 55 , 56 , 57 ) in a vertically upward direction in the order mentioned. 15. Building wall part according to claim 14, characterized in that the thick material layers ( 61 , 62 ) preferably have a dry bulk density in the range between 300 and 850 kg/m ³ . 16. Building wall part according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a floor ceiling ( 70 ) with thick material layers containing polystyrene particle component granules ( 9 ) - polystyrene backfill ( 71 ) and a polystyrene screed fill ( 72 ) - within a support and holding structure with ceiling beams ( 73 , 74 ), wherein a plank cladding ( 75 ) is attached to the underside of the ceiling beams ( 73 , 74 ) and support battens ( 76 , 77 ) are attached to both sides of the ceiling beams ( 73 , 74 ), on which a false floor ( 78 ) with the polystyrene backfill ( 71 ) placed above it is supported, wherein on the common flat end surface of polystyrene backfill ( 71 ) and ceiling beams ( 73 , 74 ) a floorboard ( 79 ) is attached, on which preferably the polystyrene screed ( 72 ), an insulating covering ( 81 ) and a dry floor ( 82 ) are located, on which there is a floor covering ( 80 ) which is held by skirting boards ( 84 ). 17. Building wall part according to claim 16, characterized in that the polystyrene backfill ( 71 ) preferably has a dry bulk density of approximately 130 to 180 kg/m ³ and the polystyrene screed fill ( 72 ) preferably has a dry bulk density of approximately 180 to 230 kg/m ³ . 18. Building wall part according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as a floor ceiling ( 85 ) or a floor ceiling element with a thick material layer containing the polystyrene particle component granulate - polystyrene backfill ( 87 ) - within a support and holding structure with ceiling beams ( 88 , 89 ) with regard to a gutting and new planking including installation elements ( 90 ), wherein on the underside of the ceiling beams ( 88 , 89 ) spring clips ( 91 , 92 ) holding retaining strips ( 99 , 100 ) are attached, to which a ceiling cladding ( 93 ) is attached and the installation elements ( 90 ) are attached laterally to the ceiling beams ( 88 ) and/or ( 89 ) as required, wherein on the top side of the ceiling beams ( 88 , 89 ) preferably felt elements ( 94 , 95 ), in particular felt strips, are applied, on which a floorboard ( 96 ) (chipboard) is laid and attached, on which a floor covering ( 97 ) with covering-holding and covering-closing skirting boards ( 98 ) is located. 19. Building wall part according to claim 18, characterized in that the polystyrene backfill ( 87 ) preferably has a dry bulk density in the range of approximately 130 to 180 kg/m ³ . 20. Building wall part according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as a roof construction ( 102 ) which essentially consists of a roof wall ( 103 ), a roof skin ( 104 ), a roof covering ( 105 ) and air slots ( 106 ) which extend along the rafters transversely from rafter to rafter and vertically between the roof wall ( 103 ) and the roof skin ( 104 ), wherein a polystyrene backfill ( 107 ) made of moistened polystyrene particle component granulate ( 9 ) is blown into the air slots ( 106 ) and hardened. 21. Building wall part according to claim 20, characterized in that wooden boards, plasterboard, chipboard, dry screed boards and wood-cement boards with lightweight plaster are optionally used as the roof wall ( 103 ), that a wooden formwork is preferably provided as the roof covering ( 104 ) and that roof tiles, slate, shingles and sheet metal are optionally used for the roofing ( 105 ). 22. Building wall part according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in
that it is designed as a roof construction ( 109 ) including rafters ( 110 , 111 ) as supports of the roof construction ( 109 ), wherein the rafters ( 110 , 111 ) are in contact with each other via a polystyrene backfill ( 108 ) in loose fill in their spacing area,
that on the underside of the roof, a laminated underlayment ( 112 ) is preferably attached to the rafters ( 110 , 111 ) by means of a lower batten ( 116 ), and on both sides at the top of the rafters ( 110 , 111 ) there is a film ( 113 ) which is fastened to the rafters ( 110 , 111 ) by means of an upper batten ( 114 ), wherein the roof skin ( 104 ) is located on the rafters ( 110 , 111 ), which is designed as a wooden formwork above which a roof covering ( 115 ), preferably in the form of roof tiles, forms the outer finish. 23. Building wall part according to claim 20 to 21, characterized in that the polystyrene backfills ( 107 , 108 ) are provided with a dry bulk density in the range of 130 to 180 kg/m ³ and enable sufficient thermal insulation and ventilation. 24. Building wall parts, in particular in multiple as well as combined and assembled form according to the preceding claims, characterized in that with the aforementioned claimed building wall parts ( 1 , 17 , 30 , 42 , 43 , 63 , 70 , 85 , 102 , 109 ), in which polystyrene component granules ( 9 ) are present in hardenable thick material layers, building renovations can be carried out and energy-saving and cost-effective low-energy buildings can be erected.