EP1503007A1 - Procédé de renforcement d'un ouvrage d'art et pièce d'ancrage associée - Google Patents
Procédé de renforcement d'un ouvrage d'art et pièce d'ancrage associée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1503007A1 EP1503007A1 EP04291892A EP04291892A EP1503007A1 EP 1503007 A1 EP1503007 A1 EP 1503007A1 EP 04291892 A EP04291892 A EP 04291892A EP 04291892 A EP04291892 A EP 04291892A EP 1503007 A1 EP1503007 A1 EP 1503007A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anchoring
- anchor
- piece
- prestressing
- construction element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorophacinone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
- E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
- E04C5/122—Anchoring devices the tensile members are anchored by wedge-action
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the reinforcement of structures. It concerns more particularly the reinforcement of the structures according to the additional prestressing technique.
- Additional prestressing is a known technique of reinforcement or repair of concrete or masonry structures, which is the subject of standard NF P 95-104 ("Repair and reinforcement of structures in concrete and masonry ", published in December 1992 by the association French standardization (AFNOR)).
- the frames transmit efforts to the structure by through anchors supported by fretted concrete parts or metal, called bosses, arranged in protrusion on elements of the structure, such as existing spacers, beams or walls.
- these Anchors are usually grafted by nailing using prestressed.
- bosses are large pieces, which can be either cast in place or prefabricated. In both cases, however, the installation of the bosses proves delicate, especially because of the difficulty access to the elements of the structure on which the bosses must rest. Openings or windows must sometimes be made in the work to allow the installation of the bosses.
- the metal bosses are made in the workshop to be adapted to each work, which gives them a quality of manufacture superior to the concrete bosses.
- this bearing surface must be ridged by machining or by welding steel son, which generates a high implementation cost.
- frames go through the bosses in which they are anchored. Such anchoring is always done in the boss, the opposite side to the part current of reinforcements. It puts the boss in compression when the frames are strained.
- Figure 1 gives an example of such an anchor.
- a boss 1 rests on a spacer 3 of the structure to strengthen.
- a prestressing frame 2 passes through the boss 1 to be anchored at its end opposite the current part of the reinforcement 2.
- the bosses provided for by the standard are also positioned at ends of the structure to be reinforced so as to apply prestressing additional on the longest possible length. So they are often close to obstacles, such as walls, poles or spacers of the structure. This arrangement makes it difficult to set up a tensioning jack frames.
- the boss can be placed near the obstacle, provided however that an opening in this obstacle to allow the installation of the cylinder.
- prestressing which result is better than in the previous case, but this solution requires carry out destruction or coring work on the concrete.
- An object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of current techniques recalled above, by authorizing the application of a preload on a good part of the workpiece to be reinforced, while avoiding the implementation of works of destruction of a part of the work in view of reinforcement.
- Another object of the invention is to have an anchor well adapted to the work to be reinforced, without requiring additional adaptation operations such as a machining of a bearing surface of the anchor block on an element of the work to be reinforced.
- the invention thus proposes an anchoring piece for anchoring, on a structural element to be reinforced or repaired by prestressing additional, at least one prestressing frame capable of being voltage, comprising fixing means on said building element and means for anchoring the reinforcement adjacent to a first side of the workpiece directed towards a running part of the frame.
- the means of fasteners are adjacent to a second side of the room opposite the first side, and the anchor is arranged to be put in tension when the frame is stretched.
- this piece anchoring allows to bring the desired compression stress on the entire area. Since she works mainly in traction between the anchoring means adjacent to the first side and the means of fastening adjacent to the second opposite side, the compressive stress is applied to the structure to the fixing means, that is to say almost to the second side. This side can be placed very close to an obstacle that would hinder the implementation of conventional anchoring.
- FIG. 2 represents an anchoring piece 6 according to the invention. This piece is suitable for anchoring an armature or a set reinforcement to reinforce a prestressed construction element additional.
- the reinforcements used to realize the prestressing are metallic. It may in particular be strands 5 capable of be put in tension and forming a cable in their current part, that is to say between the anchor zones.
- the strands are generally protected from corrosion in their current part, for example thanks to a sheath 4 in high density polyethylene (HDPE) surrounding the strands and injected cement grout or a non-adherent flexible product, such as grease or wax.
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- the anchor 6 is monobloc and compact. She is advantageously made of cast iron. At one of its ends (right on the 2), it comprises an orifice for receiving at least one strand 5 cable whose sheath stops at the entrance of the anchor. Housing 8 is provided in the room 6 to receive the end of the strand 5. It is open on one face of the anchoring piece 6, so that the end of the strand 5 anchored be accessible from outside the room 6.
- Figure 3 shows more specifically an example of anchoring realized in the piece 6.
- the strand 5 penetrates into the anchor piece 6.
- the end of the anchor receiving the strand has a hole adapted to receive a jaw anchor.
- the orifice may for example be frustoconical, in which case the jaw 10 gets stuck in the hole by conical jamming.
- the piece 6 made of cast iron can be molded to provide orifices allowing a sealing of the connections of the sheath 4 of the prestressing cable with the 6.
- a connecting pipe 9 and seals may then be placed in these openings at the entrance of room 6 to ensure a such sealing.
- the anchor piece 6 also has fastening means on the building element to be reinforced or repaired, which may for example be a industrial building floor.
- Figure 4 shows an example of fixing the anchoring piece 6 on a floor 12.
- the fixing of the piece 6 can by example be performed by nailing one or more prestressing bars 14 in the floor 12.
- orifices 7 may be provided in the piece 6 to allow the introduction of prestressing bars.
- the anchoring piece 6 is made in such a way as to be able to to be fixed on the element to be reinforced, in its opposite part to the anchoring of the strand 5, that is to say in the part of the room 6 farthest from the current part prestressing cable.
- the orifices 7 capable of receive the prestress bars 14 are located in the left part of the room 6.
- the anchoring piece 6, as represented on Figure 4 is put in tension when the strand 5 is stretched. Indeed, the strand 5 exerts a pulling force on the right side of the workpiece 6 towards the part of the cable, while part 6 is held on the floor 12 thanks to the nailing done on the left side.
- This type of anchorage differs therefore conventional bosses 1 as shown in FIG. are compressed against a structural element by the effect of the force exerted by the tensioned tendon 2.
- the assembly thus constituted makes it possible to transmit to the structure reinforce, the resultant nailing and tensioning efforts.
- the anchoring piece 6, fixed on the concrete floor 12 has a bearing surface with the element of construction, having molded striations.
- Such casting of cast iron allows to obtain an effective attachment of the piece 6 to the concrete, without having to carry out additional expensive operations such as machining the workpiece 6.
- the arrangement provided by the invention is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to tension the strand 5, without having to discard the anchoring of the wall or obstacle 13 which backs the anchoring piece 6.
- the end of the strand 5 is accessible at the housing 8 of the room 6, which is at a distance from the part fixing area (illustrated by the orifices 7).
- a tensioning cylinder, equipped with a curved nose, can easily to be installed in the space available under room 6. This avoids the need for destruction or coring work on the wall 13, so that it can be strand 5, unlike what happens with the usual bosses.
- a cover or protective sheath 11 can be installed to protect the end of the strand 5 from its exit from the housing 8, as shown in Figure 4.
- the prestressing bars "nailing" the anchors onto the structure may not be sufficient to anchor the entire cable stress on the structure by friction, because the coefficient of friction of notched cast iron on concrete (from the order of 0.6) imposes a very important nailing force.
- he may be advantageous to transmit the forces between the anchor and the structure by combining friction and direct support.
- Direct support is by example obtained using a recess 17 provided in the form of a hole opening onto the face of the anchor which is intended to be applied against the structure ( Figure 2).
- a stud is fixed on the structure form stop complementary to that of the recess.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- fixer sur un élément de construction de l'ouvrage d'art, au moins une pièce d'ancrage comprenant une portion apte à effectuer un ancrage d'une extrémité au moins d'une armature de précontrainte fixée à son autre extrémité à l'ouvrage d'art, ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage étant adjacente à un premier côté de la pièce dirigé vers une partie courante de l'armature, la fixation sur l'élément de construction étant adjacente à un second côté de la pièce situé à l'opposé du premier côté;
- mettre en tension l'armature de précontrainte; et
- ancrer l'armature de précontrainte dans ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage, de manière à ce que la pièce d'ancrage soit mise en traction.
- la figure 1, déjà commentée, est une vue en coupe schématisée d'un dispositif de renforcement d'un ouvrage par précontrainte additionnelle tel que spécifié dans la norme afnor NF P 95-104 ;
- la figure 2 est un schéma simplifié d'une pièce d'ancrage selon l'invention ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'une portion de la pièce d'ancrage de la figure 2 et de l'ancrage réalisé dans cette portion ; et
- la figure 4 représente un mode de renforcement d'un élément de structure selon l'invention.
Claims (16)
- Pièce d'ancrage (6) pour ancrer, sur un élément de construction (12) à renforcer ou à réparer par précontrainte additionnelle, au moins une armature de précontrainte apte à être mise en tension, comprenant des moyens de fixation sur ledit élément de construction et des moyens d'ancrage de l'armature adjacents à un premier côté de la pièce dirigé vers une partie courante de l'armature, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de fixation sont adjacents à un second côté de la pièce situé à l'opposé du premier côté, la pièce d'ancrage étant agencée pour être mise en traction lorsque l'armature est tendue.
- Pièce d'ancrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est en fonte.
- Pièce d'ancrage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle les moyens de fixation comprennent des moyens de clouage sur ledit élément de construction par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une barre de précontrainte (14).
- Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les moyens de fixation sur l'élément de construction sont introduits dans au moins un orifice (7) de la pièce d'ancrage.
- Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant une face d'appui contre ledit élément de construction (12), ladite face d'appui comportant des stries moulées.
- Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'élément de construction comprend un obstacle (13) situé à l'opposé d'une partie courante de l'armature, et dans laquelle ladite pièce d'ancrage est fixée sur l'élément de construction (12) via lesdits moyens de fixation, de façon à être positionnée sensiblement à proximité dudit obstacle.
- Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'armature est constituée en un câble de précontrainte entouré d'une gaine (4), dans sa partie courante, la pièce d'ancrage comprenant au moins un orifice adjacent au premier côté et assurant un raccordement étanche avec ladite gaine du câble.
- Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre des moyens (17) d'appui direct sur un organe de butée fixé à l'élément de construction.
- Procédé de renforcement ou de réparation d'un ouvrage d'art par précontrainte additionnelle, comprenant les étapes suivantes:fixer sur un élément de construction (12) de l'ouvrage d'art, au moins une pièce d'ancrage (6) comprenant une portion apte à effectuer un ancrage d'une extrémité au moins d'une armature de précontrainte fixée à son autre extrémité à l'ouvrage d'art, ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage étant adjacente à un premier côté de la pièce dirigé vers une partie courante de l'armature, la fixation sur l'élément de construction étant adjacente à un second côté de la pièce situé à l'opposé du premier côté;mettre en tension l'armature de précontrainte; etancrer l'armature de précontrainte dans ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage, de manière à ce que la pièce d'ancrage soit mise en traction.
- Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel la pièce d'ancrage est en fonte.
- Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel la fixation de la pièce d'ancrage (6) sur l'élément de construction (12) comprend un clouage par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une barre de précontrainte (14).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, dans lequel la fixation de la pièce d'ancrage (6) sur l'élément de construction (12) comprend l'introduction de moyens de fixation dans au moins un orifice (7) de la pièce d'ancrage.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel la fixation de la pièce d'ancrage (6) sur l'élément de construction (12) comprend l'application d'une face d'appui comportant des stries moulées de la pièce d'ancrage contre l'élément de construction.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13, dans lequel l'élément de construction (12) comprend un obstacle (13) situé à l'opposé d'une partie courante de l'armature, et dans lequel la fixation de la pièce d'ancrage (6) sur l'élément de construction est effectuée de façon à ce que la pièce d'ancrage soit positionnée sensiblement à proximité dudit obstacle.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, dans lequel l'armature est constituée en un câble de précontrainte entouré d'une gaine (4), dans sa partie courante, et dans lequel l'ancrage de l'armature comprend une introduction de l'extrémité de l'armature dans au moins un orifice de ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage (6) apte à effectuer un ancrage, de manière à autoriser un raccordement étanche entre la pièce d'ancrage et la gaine du câble.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 15, dans lequel on fixe en outre à l'élément de construction un organe de butée pour coopérer avec des moyens d'appui (17) prévus sur la pièce d'ancrage (6), et dans lequel on injecte un produit de scellement entre l'organe de butée et les moyens d'appui au moment où on met en place la pièce d'ancrage sur l'élément de construction (12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0309225A FR2858345B1 (fr) | 2003-07-28 | 2003-07-28 | Procede de renforcement d'un ouvrage d'art et piece d'ancrage associee |
FR0309225 | 2003-07-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1503007A1 true EP1503007A1 (fr) | 2005-02-02 |
EP1503007B1 EP1503007B1 (fr) | 2020-01-15 |
Family
ID=33523004
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04291892.0A Expired - Lifetime EP1503007B1 (fr) | 2003-07-28 | 2004-07-23 | Procédé de renforcement d'un ouvrage d'art et pièce d'ancrage associée |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8104246B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1503007B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4563747B2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2782349T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2858345B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
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US20050288766A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2005-12-29 | Xtent, Inc. | Devices and methods for controlling expandable prostheses during deployment |
JP5014236B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-22 | 2012-08-29 | 三井住友建設株式会社 | 外ケーブル定着構造 |
US9874238B2 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2018-01-23 | Shimano Inc. | Bicycle end cap |
US9604416B2 (en) | 2014-05-19 | 2017-03-28 | Felix Sorkin | Method of forming a post-tensioned concrete member utilizing a pocket former with keyway former |
US9896845B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2018-02-20 | Felix Sorkin | Spindle lock anchor for post tensioned concrete member |
US10145114B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2018-12-04 | Felix Sorkin | Sheathing lock end cap |
WO2017023937A1 (fr) | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | Felix Sorkin | Capsule de retenue de coffrage |
US9827721B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2017-11-28 | Felix Sorkin | Collapsible element pocket former |
US9869091B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2018-01-16 | Felix Sorkin | Pocket cap for post-tensioned concrete member |
CN109184199B (zh) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-01-26 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | 3m预应力拱板现浇施工时圈梁抗扭抗剪加固方法 |
CN112049457B (zh) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-09-17 | 中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司 | 用于古建筑砌体柱的防震拉索的选取方法及防震拉索系统 |
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- 2004-07-23 ES ES04291892T patent/ES2782349T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-28 US US10/901,321 patent/US8104246B2/en active Active
- 2004-07-28 JP JP2004219950A patent/JP4563747B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120011788A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
EP1503007B1 (fr) | 2020-01-15 |
FR2858345A1 (fr) | 2005-02-04 |
US20050028477A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
US8104246B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
ES2782349T3 (es) | 2020-09-14 |
JP2005048586A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
FR2858345B1 (fr) | 2007-04-20 |
US8333047B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 |
JP4563747B2 (ja) | 2010-10-13 |
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