EP1148955B1 - Verfahren zur reinigung von mehrwegflaschen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur reinigung von mehrwegflaschen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1148955B1 EP1148955B1 EP00902629A EP00902629A EP1148955B1 EP 1148955 B1 EP1148955 B1 EP 1148955B1 EP 00902629 A EP00902629 A EP 00902629A EP 00902629 A EP00902629 A EP 00902629A EP 1148955 B1 EP1148955 B1 EP 1148955B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cleaning
- cleaning solution
- enzyme
- bottles
- knpu
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 35
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 35
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 35
- 108091005658 Basic proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 builders Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000005575 Cellulases Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010084185 Cellulases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010022999 Serine Proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000012479 Serine Proteases Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 31
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JMHWNJGXUIJPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=O)O[SiH](CC=C)OC(C)=O Chemical compound CC(=O)O[SiH](CC=C)OC(C)=O JMHWNJGXUIJPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014666 liquid concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108010020132 microbial serine proteinases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101000740449 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) Biotin/lipoyl attachment protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical group C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 101710180319 Protease 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000787 Subtilisin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101710137710 Thioesterase 1/protease 1/lysophospholipase L1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010003855 mesentericopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013042 solid detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHIBKQLADFKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-hydroxy-6-phosphonohexyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OC(CCCCCP(O)(=O)O)P(O)(=O)O PWHIBKQLADFKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZHQPBJEOCHCKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(P(O)(O)=O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O SZHQPBJEOCHCKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBVOQKNLGSOPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-ylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O JBVOQKNLGSOPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L Copper gluconate Chemical class [Cu+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108010083608 Durazym Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000005744 Glycoside Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010031186 Glycoside Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010056079 Subtilisins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005158 Subtilisins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZXDRXVIRVJQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Xylenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C ZZXDRXVIRVJQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Nitrilotris(methylene)]trisphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 244000240602 cacao Species 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071118 cumenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002332 glycine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940005740 hexametaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000020124 milk-based beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021485 packed food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentapotassium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004023 quaternary phosphonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014214 soft drink Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- AKUNSPZHHSNFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC AKUNSPZHHSNFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940071104 xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38618—Protease or amylase in liquid compositions only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/20—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by using apparatus into or on to which containers, e.g. bottles, jars, cans are brought
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
- C11D2111/18—Glass; Plastics
Definitions
- the invention described below is in the field of commercial Purification and relates to a process for the purification of Refillable bottles and similar containers that accept food serve, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a method of this kind is for example from the document DE -A- 3,205,956 known.
- the reusable containers can be made of a variety of Materials are made, in particular of glass or of plastics, such as polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyesters (for example polyethylene terephthalate, PET or polyethylene naphthenate, PEN) and polyethylene (PE).
- PC polycarbonate
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PET polyethylene naphthenate
- PE polyethylene
- the containers can be adapted in their shape for a variety of applications be.
- the pre-rinse is often called as Vorweiche and the zone in which the Treatment with the cleaning solution takes place, referred to as lye zone.
- Both for the Pre-rinse, cleaning and rinsing can be several separate zones be present and depending on the purpose are other zones, such as a upstream depletion of the bottles provided.
- the contacting of the bottles with the cleaning fluids can be done differently in each zone and is usually as sprayed or dipping process formed.
- the bottles are when passing through the The system is initially heated slowly in the pre-cleaning area and clearly in the lye area treated at elevated temperature and then again in the following Nachêtzonen cooled.
- This Area comprises at least one zone in which the bottles in dependence of the Bottle material with a cleaning solution at high temperatures of usually be treated at about 60 to 90 ° C. Particularly good cleaning effects are achieved if 1 to 3 alkaline baths are combined with a subsequent lye spraying zone.
- a lye is a cleaning solution in the conventional cleaning process used, the approximately 1 - 3% sodium hydroxide and additives to sequestering agents, surfactants and other cleaning-active components. Only with such highly alkaline So far leaches were believed to be a satisfactory cleaning of the bottles in a short time to reach.
- alkaline proteases are also related to commercial Textile washing process known from DE 44 11 223.
- the present invention has the object to develop an improved method for cleaning bottles, with which the disadvantages of the previously customary methods are avoided as far as possible without To have to accept reductions in the cleaning result.
- the invention therefore provides a method for cleaning reusable bottles and similar containers, which serve to absorb food in which the used Bottles transported in a bottle washing machine through several cleaning zones of which at least one zone of the pre-rinse, at least one subsequent zone the treatment with a cleaning solution at elevated temperature and at least one serve another zone of rinsing with water, wherein the cleaning solution at least an enzyme for enhancing the cleaning performance is added and the enzyme a is highly alkaline protease. It is the use of highly alkaline Proteases alone or together with other enzymes, such as amylases, cellulases, lipases, Oxidoreductases, possible.
- the new method it is surprisingly possible in similar short times as with the conventional high alkaline cleaning liquors an at least equivalent Cleaning result at significantly lower temperatures and significantly lower pH values to reach. In many cases, despite lower drug concentration in the Cleaning liquor even a significantly better cleaning result than conventional achieved highly alkaline cleaning liquors.
- the new process is particularly environmentally friendly. The corrosion of the Bottle surfaces is vanishingly small and due to the low working temperatures In addition, energy is saved.
- enzymes can be according to the invention in addition to the highly alkaline proteases all use those enzymes that have a degrading effect on the to be removed Food residues and impurities have.
- Particularly preferred are the above mentioned enzymes from the group amylases, cellulases, glycosidases, lipases and Oxidoreductases.
- the cleaning process the each to be removed food residues are specifically adapted. So become the Removal of proteinaceous impurities used the highly alkaline proteases, while for starchy impurities, preferably amylases and for the Removal of fatty contaminants lipases can be used.
- the combination Several enzymes for different substrates are recommended in the presence of mixed Impurities.
- Highly alkaline proteases are also known as enzyme preparations in the Commercially available, for example, under the names Savinase®, Esperase®, Durazym®, Maxacal®, Plurafect®, Opticlean® and BLAP®. These preparations contain in addition to the actual active enzyme usually larger amounts of stabilizers and carriers.
- enzymes preferably 0.2 to 100 units per liter of application solution used. Basically, however, in all cases, the necessary Amount of enzyme after the cleaning task to be solved, so that in individual cases the above values were easily exceeded but also fallen short of can be.
- the preparation of the cleaning solution used in the invention from the highly concentrated liquid or powdered enzyme preparations which are offered by different manufacturers.
- the these enzyme preparations admixed with cosolvents, adjuvants or solvents then also become part of the cleaning solution.
- cosolvents, adjuvants or solvents are used for the process according to the invention under the name Savinase®, Maxacal® and BLAP® preparations of highly alkaline proteases.
- the finished, intended to act on the bottles enzyme-containing cleaning solutions generally have a slightly alkaline pH, preferably between about 8 and about 12 and especially between about 8.5 and about 9.5 (measured at 20 ° C) is.
- a pH value well below the value in Maximum activity of the enzyme is chosen especially when it matters To maintain as long as possible the activity of the enzyme in the application solution.
- the pH can be determined by methods known per se, for example by using puffemd acting substances or by a device for automatic dosage of the necessary amount of alkali can be adjusted.
- the cleaning solution at elevated temperature act on the bottles, with significantly lower temperatures than in the past be sufficient cleaning with highly alkaline solutions.
- the exposure temperatures are between about 30 and about 70 ° C, in particular between about 40 and about 55 ° C. Despite these low exposure temperatures are no longer exposure times than conventional cleaning methods necessary to achieve a perfect cleaning result.
- the inventively used enzyme-containing cleaning solutions containing further active ingredients and auxiliaries are mentioned here, in principle, surfactants from all known classes can be used. However, preference is given to nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants which in turn the nonionic surfactants have the greatest importance.
- auxiliaries and additives are enzyme stabilizers, such as soluble calcium salts and borates, compounds with threshold effect, complexing agents, Builders, thickeners, antioxidants, foam inhibitors and preservatives.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants are in particular the addition products of long-chain Alcohols, alkylphenols, amides and carboxylic acids with ethylene oxide (EO) optionally together with propylene oxide (PO).
- EO ethylene oxide
- PO propylene oxide
- these include, for example, the Addition products of long-chain primary and secondary alcohols with 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the chain, especially of fatty alcohols and oxo alcohols of these Chain length with 1 to 20 moles of EO and the addition products of fatty acids with 12 to 18 C-atoms in the chain with preferably 2 to 8 moles of ethylene oxide.
- the mixed addition products of ethylene and propylene oxide and Fatty alcohols having 12 to 18 carbon atoms especially those containing about 2 moles of EO and contain about 4 moles of PO in the molecule.
- the open terminal functional alcohol group may also be closed by an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group used is preferably methyl or butyl.
- Nonionic surfactants are for example those under the names Dehypon® LS24, Dehypon® LS54, Eumulgin® 05, Dehydol® LT8, Dehydol® LT8, Dehydol® LT6, Dehydol® LS6 and Dehydol® LT104 from the company Henkel KGaA offered fatty alcohol alkoxylates.
- Other suitable nonionic surfactants are the esters of fatty acids with 6 to 12 carbon atoms and polyols, especially carbohydrates, e.g. Glucose.
- nonionic surfactants in the cleaning solutions used in the invention are contained therein, their content there is preferably about 0.001 to about 0.08 wt .-%, in particular about 0.01 to about 0.05 wt .-%, based on the ready to use solution.
- Suitable cationic surfactants are, in particular, aliphatic and heterocyclic quaternary ammonium compounds and quaternary phosphonium compounds which have at least one long-chain C 8 to C 18 -alkyl radical at the quaternary center.
- Examples of such cationic surfactants are cocoalkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride.
- amphoteric surfactants are C 8 to C 18 fatty acid amide derivatives having a betaine structure, in particular derivatives of glycine, for example cocoalkyldimethylammonium betaine.
- Cationic or amphoteric surfactants are used in amounts preferably not more than 0.08 wt .-%, in particular between 0.001 and 0.02 wt .-%, in the cleaning solution.
- Suitable compounds with a threshold effect are polyphosphates, phosphonic acids and polycarboxylates.
- Suitable polyphosphates are in particular orthophosphate, Pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate, tetrapolyphosphate, hexametaphosphate.
- suitable Phosphonic acids are primarily nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic acid, hydroxyhexanediphosphonic acid, Phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid and other derivatives of phosphonic acid.
- Suitable Polycarboxylates preferably come from the class of polyacrylates, Polysuccinates, polyasparaginates or other salts of polyorganic Acids.
- Suitable builders are the already mentioned polyphosphates, phosphatonates, Gluconates, citrates, EDTA, NTA and other complexing agents suitable as builders. Threshold compounds are preferably used in amounts of from about 0.002 to about 0.05 weight percent, more preferably from about 0.004 to about 0.02 weight percent based on the finished application solution.
- the individual components of the solution can in principle be metered separately and dissolved in the water.
- prefabricated concentrates which contain several or preferably all constituents in the correct mixing ratio, so that only a few metering steps or only one is required.
- Particularly easy to dose are liquid concentrates, but are also concentrated formulations in the form of powder, tablets or pastes into consideration.
- Suitable additional constituents of liquid concentrates are solubilizers, such as cumene sulfonate, xylene sulfonate and octylsulfonate, although it is of course also possible to use other customary solubilizers.
- solubilizers are chosen as needed, and is preferably about 1 to about 10 wt%, more preferably about 2 to about 5 wt%, based on the concentrate as a whole.
- Liquid concentrates may further contain larger amounts of organic solvents, in particular polyols, such as propylene glycol or glycerol.
- Liquid cleaning concentrate Enzyme, in particular protease 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 6% by weight propylene glycol 5 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight glycerin 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 5 to 8% by weight nonionic surfactant 2 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 25% by weight enzyme stabilizer 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 5% by weight Quaternary ammonium compounds, for example dioctyldimethylammonium chloride 1 to 40% by weight, preferably 2 to 5% by weight Rest to 100% water
- Solid detergent concentrate Enzyme, in particular protease 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 6% by weight Sodium and / or potassium carbonate 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight Sodium and / or potassium bicarbonate 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight
- Nonionic surfactant 2 to 40% by weight preferably 5 to
- the cleaning agent concentrates are added to the water in amounts of from about 0.05 to about 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.2% by weight added an application-ready cleaning solution for the inventive method receive.
- the cleaning test was carried out in a single-end bottle washing machine, as is common in practice and by machine manufacturers like Krones, KHS or Simonazzi are expelled.
- the treatment sequence in the Machine included two pre-softening stages, one lye softening zone, two lye spraying, a lye, two hot water baths with spray for rinsing the cleaning solution and a cold water zone with fresh water spray.
- the cleaning attempt had the goal of heavily contaminated glass milk bubbles, which as normal return goods returned by the consumer to the milk filling area were, within a lye treatment time (Laugenweiche, Laugenspritzung and lye) of about 8 minutes to clean.
- the experiment was conducted with 50,000 soiled bottles in a conventional Cleaning liquor performed.
- the liquor contained in detail an aqueous Solution of about 2% NaOH, 0.02% sodium gluconate, 0.02% sodium citrate, 0.04% Dehypon® LT 104, 0.02% NTA.
- the entire exposure time including diving and Spraying was about 8 minutes and the exposure temperature was about 85 ° C. From 50,000 bottles were not completely cleaned after visual inspection of 258 bottles.
- the new cleaning solution contained in detail an aqueous solution of about 0.005% Esperase, 0.036% butyl glycol, 0.020 Dehypon® LT 104.
- the total exposure time was also about 8 minutes and the action temperature was about 50 ° C. From 50,000 soiled bottles were after the cleaning process by visual inspection still 26 bottles with residues identified.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Description
Flüssiges Reinigungskonzentrat: | |
Enzym, insbesondere Protease | 1 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 6 Gew.-% |
Propylenglykol | 5 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 20 bis 40 Gew.-% |
Glycerin | 5 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 8 Gew.-% |
nichtionisches Tensid | 2 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 25 Gew.- % |
Enzymstabilisator | 1 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 5 Gew.-% |
Quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen z.B. Dioctyldimethylammoniumchlorid | 1 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 5 Gew.-% |
Rest zu 100 % Wasser |
Festes Reinigungsmittelkonzentrat: | |
Enzym, insbesondere Protease | 1 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 6 Gew.-% |
Natrium- und/oder Kaliumcarbonat | 5 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 Gew.-% |
Natrium- und/oder Kaliumbicarbonat | 5 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 Gew.-% |
Nichtionisches Tensid | 2 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 25 Gew.-% |
Quartäre Ammoniumverbindung z.B. Dioctyldimethylammoniumchlorid | 1 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 10 Gew.-% |
Natrium- und/oder | |
Kaliumtriphosphat | 1 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 10 Gew.-% |
Phosphonat | 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 Gew.-% |
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zur Reinigung von Mehrwegflaschen und ähnlichen Behältern, die der Aufnahme von Lebensmitteln dienen, bei dem die gebrauchten Flaschen in einer Flaschenwaschmaschine durch mehrere Reinigungszonen transportiert werden, von denen wenigstens eine Zone der Vorspülung, wenigstens eine folgende Zone der Behandlung mit einer Reinigungslösung bei erhöhter Temperatur und wenigstens eine weitere Zone der Nachspülung mit Wasser dienen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reinigungslösung wenigstens ein Enzym zur Verstärkung der Reinigungsleistung zugesetzt wird und dass das Enzym eine hochalkalische Protease ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Behandlung der Flaschen mit der Reinigungslösung bei temperaturen zwischen 30 °C und 70 °C, vorzugsweise zwischen 40 °C und 55 °C erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei dem in der Reinigungslösung ein Enzym aus der Gruppe Proteasen, Amylasen, Cellulasen, Lipasen, Oxidoreduktasen und Gemische dieser Enzyme eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem in der Reinigungslösung wenigstens eine Protease eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, bei dem die hochalkalische Protease, aus der Gruppe der als Subtilisine bezeichneten Serinproteasen eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5 bei dem die Reinigungslösung 0,16 bis 160 KNPU, vorzugsweise 0,8 bis 80 KNPU und insbesondere 1,6 bis 16 KNPU an Protease pro Liter enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei dem die Reinigungslösung einen pH-Wert im Bereich 8 bis 12, vorzugsweise im Bereich 8,5 bis 9,5 aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei dem die Reinigungslösung weitere Wirkstoffe und Hilfsstoffe aus der Gruppe Tenside, Puffersubstanzen, Enzymstabilisatoren, Verbindung mit Thresold-Effekt, Komplexierungsmittel, Builder, Verdickungsmitteln, Antioxidantien, Schauminhibitoren, Konservierungsmittel und deren Gemische enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, bei dem die Reinigungslösung aus einem enzymhaltigen Konzentrat durch Auflösen im Wasser hergestellt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19904512A DE19904512A1 (de) | 1999-02-04 | 1999-02-04 | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Mehrwegflaschen |
DE19904512 | 1999-02-04 | ||
PCT/EP2000/000532 WO2000045969A1 (de) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-01-25 | Verfahren zur reinigung von mehrwegflaschen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1148955A1 EP1148955A1 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
EP1148955B1 true EP1148955B1 (de) | 2005-03-09 |
Family
ID=7896419
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00902629A Expired - Lifetime EP1148955B1 (de) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-01-25 | Verfahren zur reinigung von mehrwegflaschen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6530386B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1148955B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE290439T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2439800A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19904512A1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL350164A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000045969A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10141239C2 (de) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-12-18 | Korn Gmbh | Verwendung flüssiger, wasserverdünnbarer Pre-Rinsing Zusammensetzungen und Verfahren zum Aufbringen derselben |
MXPA05002890A (es) * | 2002-09-18 | 2005-06-22 | Ecolab Inc | Aditivo para utilizarse en composiciones de lavado de botellas. |
US20040235680A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-11-25 | Ecolab Inc. | Conveyor lubricant with corrosion inhibition |
US7125204B2 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2006-10-24 | Finn Corporation | Portable pneumatic blower |
WO2013172925A1 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2013-11-21 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Label removal solution for returnable beverage bottles |
US9487735B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2016-11-08 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Label removal solution for low temperature and low alkaline conditions |
WO2014200656A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-18 | Danisco Us Inc. | Alpha-amylase from streptomyces umbrinus |
WO2014200657A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-18 | Danisco Us Inc. | Alpha-amylase from streptomyces xiamenensis |
WO2014200658A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-18 | Danisco Us Inc. | Alpha-amylase from promicromonospora vindobonensis |
WO2014204596A1 (en) | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-24 | Danisco Us Inc. | Alpha-amylase from bacillaceae family member |
DK3060659T3 (da) | 2013-10-03 | 2019-09-09 | Danisco Us Inc | Alfa-amylaser fra exiguobacterium og fremgangsmåder til anvendelse deraf |
WO2015050724A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 | 2015-04-09 | Danisco Us Inc. | Alpha-amylases from a subset of exiguobacterium, and methods of use, thereof |
US20160272957A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2016-09-22 | Danisco Us Inc. | Variant alpha-amylases having reduced susceptibility to protease cleavage, and methods of use, thereof |
DE102015008314A1 (de) | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | Krones Ag | Behandlungsmaschine zum Behandlen von Behältnissen und/oder Lebensmitteln mit Zuführung eines Arbeitsmediums |
WO2017143009A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2017-08-24 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solvent application in bottle wash using amidine based formulas |
WO2017173324A2 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | Danisco Us Inc. | Alpha-amylases, compositions & methods |
WO2017173190A2 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | Danisco Us Inc. | Alpha-amylases, compositions & methods |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2259201A1 (de) | 1972-12-02 | 1974-06-20 | Kali Chemie Ag | Mittelalkalische enzymatische reinigungsmittel |
DE3205956A1 (de) | 1982-02-19 | 1983-09-15 | Robert 6141 Einhausen Becker | Vorrichtung zur flaschenreinigung, bei der waerme zurueckgewonnen und frischwasser eingespart wird |
ATE35283T1 (de) * | 1982-11-26 | 1988-07-15 | Unilever Nv | Fluessige detergens-zusammensetzungen. |
DE4014747A1 (de) * | 1990-05-08 | 1991-11-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Reinigungsmittel fuer kunststoff-mehrweggebinde oder kunststoffbeschichtete mehrwegglasgebinde sowie verfahren zu deren reinigung |
DE4411223A1 (de) | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-05 | Solvay Enzymes Gmbh & Co Kg | Verwendung alkalischer Proteasen in gewerblichen Textilwaschverfahren |
EP0766726B1 (de) * | 1994-06-23 | 1999-07-28 | Unilever N.V. | Geschirrspülmittelzusammensetzungen |
US5861366A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1999-01-19 | Ecolab Inc. | Proteolytic enzyme cleaner |
US5858117A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1999-01-12 | Ecolab Inc. | Proteolytic enzyme cleaner |
DE19717329A1 (de) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-10-29 | Henkel Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg | Flüssige Enzymzubereitung und ihre Verwendung |
DE19838939A1 (de) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-09 | Henkel Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Milcherhitzern |
US6326346B1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2001-12-04 | The Clorox Company | Stain removing compositions containing particular isolated and pure proteolytic enzymes |
-
1999
- 1999-02-04 DE DE19904512A patent/DE19904512A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-01-25 US US09/890,612 patent/US6530386B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-25 AU AU24398/00A patent/AU2439800A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-01-25 EP EP00902629A patent/EP1148955B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-25 DE DE50009724T patent/DE50009724D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-25 WO PCT/EP2000/000532 patent/WO2000045969A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-01-25 AT AT00902629T patent/ATE290439T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-01-25 PL PL00350164A patent/PL350164A1/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6530386B1 (en) | 2003-03-11 |
DE19904512A1 (de) | 2000-08-17 |
EP1148955A1 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
WO2000045969A1 (de) | 2000-08-10 |
PL350164A1 (en) | 2002-11-18 |
AU2439800A (en) | 2000-08-25 |
ATE290439T1 (de) | 2005-03-15 |
DE50009724D1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
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