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EP0750788B1 - Interrupteur limiteur de courant - Google Patents

Interrupteur limiteur de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0750788B1
EP0750788B1 EP94921596A EP94921596A EP0750788B1 EP 0750788 B1 EP0750788 B1 EP 0750788B1 EP 94921596 A EP94921596 A EP 94921596A EP 94921596 A EP94921596 A EP 94921596A EP 0750788 B1 EP0750788 B1 EP 0750788B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch according
current
switch
contacts
moving contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94921596A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0750788A1 (fr
Inventor
David Walter Branston
Jörg KIESER
Werner Hartmann
Reinhard Maier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19934325030 external-priority patent/DE4325030A1/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0750788A1 publication Critical patent/EP0750788A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0750788B1 publication Critical patent/EP0750788B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H2077/025—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with pneumatic means, e.g. by arc pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/127—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive trip units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/04—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrothermal opening

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switch for current limitation, with power connections and contacts, of which the one is a fixed contact and the other is a moving contact, and with an associated mechanical switching energy Drive for opening the moving contact when exceeded a predetermined electrical current.
  • WO-A-91/12643 and EP-A-0 487 920 are current-limiting Arrangements known as ballasts for switches, the specifically the so-called PTC effect (positive temperature coefficient).
  • PTC effect positive temperature coefficient
  • High current resistors are used, which essentially consist of a with soot-filled polyethylene layer, which the Has PTC effect.
  • the polymer resistance body with its base areas be connected to an electrode, wherein a printing device is present, which is a pressure perpendicular to the Electrodes and the bases of the resistance body of the conductive polymer layer.
  • the object of the invention is a switch for Current limit to indicate the according to another principle is working.
  • the task is according to the invention with a switch of the beginning mentioned type in that the drive a is such a thermoelectric drive, in which the mechanical Switching energy through high-current discharges on one Resistance material between fixed contact and moving contact and a resulting pressure wave is produced.
  • the resistance material can be made of graphite Plastic, for example based on polyethylene, or from a conductive, non-organic material, such as polycrystalline silicon carbide, consist. In both cases, however, a chemical Decomposition of the material to build up the pressure wave arise.
  • the contacts are closed Insulated housing arranged and between the contacts disc-shaped resistance body arranged.
  • the resistance body can also be through a variety of carbon fibers be formed into a foil or felt-like Brought consistency.
  • the invention the mechanical required for contact separation Switching energy applied electrothermally.
  • a high-current discharge occurs first an enclosed gas volume.
  • the resulting pressure wave acts on a movable piston and performs him the mechanical contact opening work.
  • the switch according to the invention is used in power distribution networks used in the low voltage range. It must in Malfunction, especially in the event of short circuits, on parts of the network parent branches can be switched off. To damage the Limit the location of the fault as well as in the area of the network or to avoid switching off as soon as possible, especially within the first affected Half wave.
  • a limitation of the Short-circuit current required if the shutdown is not recognized quickly enough or undertaken by suitable measures can be.
  • the limitation of the short-circuit current is continue to limit the amplitudes at shutdown generated voltage peaks due to the inductive Share of load in the network and at the consumer and reduced thus the risk of further damage due to insulation faults, caused by such surges can. Especially in building installations, but also in other cases, the requirements for the required increase Components that therefore have a high selectivity have to.
  • Such a switch according to the invention is closed Lockable condition and by a suitable Lift mechanism to a response threshold which is above the the maximum current to be expected in the high-load range is adjustable.
  • the contact resistance is in the locked state so low that the nominal current losses are negligible are.
  • the limiter's self-response threshold lies in the magnitude of the prospective short-circuit current. in the unlocked state, the contact resistance and rise thus the energy turnover in the area of the switch contacts. Alike the self-response threshold drops to one Value in the nominal current range.
  • the unlocking can advantageously be carried out by an electronic Short-circuit early detection can be triggered.
  • This behavior is advantageously supported in that a second Lift mechanism is used, which is tensioned in the locked state is and can be constructed so that it is unlocked Condition for mechanical opening of the moving electrode of the Limiter leads.
  • this second energy store becomes automatic curious; excited.
  • the current limiter according to the invention even able to cut the current not just to limit, but to completely interrupt, i.e. so to work as an opening switch.
  • a second locking unit is provided, the working as a quick switch Limiter locked when open. The limiter is prevented from doing so after a successful power cut automatically in the closed state again to pass over. A real bistable behavior is thus achieved.
  • a passive Circuit with RLC elements can be achieved that in the case of Separation of the current during the current half-wave none harmful surge peaks are generated. You can do this also voltage-limiting elements such as zener diodes, varistors, Surge arrester or the like.
  • the figure is an insulating housing with 1, the for example, a rotationally symmetrical hollow cylinder forms an axis I.
  • the hollow cylindrical insulating material housing 1 is completed by a flange 6.
  • a fixed contact 2 which has a power connection 2a in the axial direction.
  • a moving contact 3 whose power connection 3a also in the axial direction I runs, longitudinally movable into the insulating housing 1.
  • a disk-shaped resistance body 4 is arranged in such a way that he has no space on the surface of the fixed contact 2 is present.
  • the outer contour of the resistance body 4 is precisely fitted into the insulating housing 1.
  • a separating surface 8 which characterizes a variable space.
  • an expansion volume 9 all around.
  • the moving contact 3 is through with its power connection 3a a bellows 5 on the interface 8 of the resistance body 4 pressed.
  • the spring body 5 defines one mechanical preload, when overcome the moving contact 3 is moved in the horizontal direction.
  • the postponement can thereby by a rotating in the insulating housing 1 Ring 10 are limited, with appropriate Dimensioning of an annular extension part 3b on Moving contact 3 on the one hand and the circumferential ring 10 on the other can specify a suitable stroke distance d.
  • the power connection 3a points in the figure on its outer End a notch 7a which engage an associated pawl 7b can. This is a means of locking the moving contact realized in the open state.
  • the switch described can be used in conventional power distribution networks be switched on.
  • the current overflows the power connection 2a, the fixed contact 2, the resistance body 4 on the moving contact 3 and from there via the power connection 3a further on the net.
  • the high-current heats up Discharge via the fixed contact 2 and the adjacent contact disk-shaped resistance bodies initially flat the enclosed gas volume.
  • the resulting The pressure wave moves the moving contact 3 as far as it will go, locking over the pawl 7a and notch 7b done in the open state.
  • the response threshold of the monostable shown in Figure 1 Switch is so by the pressure of the spring 5th fixed. So the switch is self-triggering, however not controllable.
  • the contact pressure spring 5 is attached to an axially movable part 6b of the housing cover 6 with the Share 6a and 6b.
  • Part 6b acting as a spring abutment is in position a via a locking mechanism 11a and 11b locked so that the spring 5 is biased and the pressure force necessary for the closed state the moving electrode 3 is generated on the resistance body.
  • the opening process provided spring 12 biased.
  • unlocking the Latching 11 by an actuator 13 becomes the spring abutment 6b of the springs 5 and 12 in the axial direction of the housing 1 accelerated away, so that the pressure force within a very short time between moving electrode 3 and resistance body 4 drops to very low values. This increases the Contact resistance very strong and the response threshold of electrothermal drive drops to a value within the nominal current range of the switch.
  • the electrothermal drive triggers off and the switch limits and interrupts or opens the electricity within a very short time, i.e. far below the prospective short-circuit current.
  • Mechanism 3a and 7a and 7b lock the state Moving electrode 3 and thereby prevents an unwanted new Closing the switch.
  • the actuator 13 is, for example controlled by electronic short-circuit detection and triggered.
  • the Opening spring 12 directly on the moving electrode 3 and supported thus the opening through direct mechanical acceleration. This will further accelerate the opening process and achieved a stronger current limitation. The same effect can be achieved if the opening spring 12 not on the electrode 3, but on the guide element 3b or mechanically with the moving electrode 3 coupled power supply 3a attaches.
  • Figure 3 is the energy store 5 by a piezoelectric actuator 14 replaced, which simultaneously with the unlocking actuator 13 is controlled. The actuator 14 decreases when activated its length, so that the contact pressure force is already reduced is before the moving electrode 3 from the opening force accumulator is moved.
  • the piezoelectric Actuator 14 arranged parallel to the opening spring 12 and extended itself when activated. This will make the contact pressure force the pressure spring 5 briefly overcompensated and the Spring action supported in the initial phase of the opening process.
  • Curve 51 describes the time course of the prospective short-circuit current.
  • Curve 52 describes the current through the uncontrolled limiting element of conventional design, the value A indicating the fixed response threshold.
  • Curve 53 describes the current through the new bistable limiter or rapid switch, the response threshold B of the locked limiter being at or even above the prospective short-circuit current maximum.
  • the threshold C of the limiter is unlocked call within the rated current range I, so that a very early initiation can occur at hazardous current values. It is triggered by active unlocking via the short-circuit early detection electronics and the unlocking actuator 13.
  • the short-circuit early detection electronics detect short circuits within a few microseconds after zero current. Due to the small moving masses in the actuator 13 and in the locking mechanism 11a and 11b becomes very early Current limit and opening in the switch reached, so that currents actually occurring to innocuous values within of the nominal current range.
  • the selectivity is determined by the threshold value setting of the short-circuit early detection reached and is therefore for a single "BISTABILER" electromechanical switching element LIMITER "adjustable within wide limits.
  • the resistance body 4 can consist of conductive plastic, for example, the well-known made electrically conductive Polyethylene.
  • conductive plastic for example, the well-known made electrically conductive Polyethylene.
  • graphite is used for filling in question.
  • the resistance body 4 can also be made of graphite fibers be formed by appropriate processing brought into a foil or felt-like consistency were.
  • a defined, non-organic one can also be used Material instead of the previously used conductive made organic material, such as soot filled Polyethylene.
  • conductive made organic material such as soot filled Polyethylene.
  • semiconductor materials such as in particular polycrystalline silicon carbide, in question.
  • the spatial shape can be of the rotational symmetry deviate and for example rectangular with areal resistance bodies are present. It can several resistance bodies can also be connected in series. Corresponding means for ventilation of the Housing interior of the insulating housing 1 may be provided.

Landscapes

  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Des interrupteurs limiteurs de courant comprennent des raccords de courant pour des contacts, un contact pouvant être un contact fixe et l'autre contact un contact mobile. Un entraînement ouvre le contact mobile lorsqu'une intensité prédéterminée de courant électrique est dépassée. Selon l'invention, l'entraînement électrique est un entraînement thermoélectrique. A cet effet, les contacts (2, 3) sont montés dans un boîtier fermé (1) en matériau isolant et une résistance en forme de disque (4) est montée entre les contacts (2, 3). Cet interrupteur peut aussi être avantageusement conçu comme un limiteur bistable.

Claims (21)

  1. Interrupteur limiteur de courant, comportant des bornes de courant (2a, 3a) et des contacts (2, 3), dont l'un est un contact fixe (2) et l'autre un contact mobile (3), et un entraínement associé qui donne de l'énergie mécanique de coupure pour ouvrir le contact mobile (3) lorsqu'une intensité prescrite de courant électrique est dépassée, caractérisé par le fait que l'entraínement est un entraínement thermoélectrique, dans lequel l'énergie mécanique de coupure est engendrée par des décharges forte en courant sur un matériau de résistance (4) électrique entre le contact fixe (2) et le contact mobile (3), et par une onde de pression ainsi engendrée.
  2. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le matériau de résistance (4) est constitué de matière plastique contenant du graphite, par exemple à base de polyéthylène.
  3. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le matériau de résistance (4) est constitué d'un matériau minéral bon conducteur, par exemple de carbure de silicium polycristallin.
  4. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les contacts (2, 3) sont disposés dans un boítier (1) fermé en matériau isolant, et qu'un corps (4) en forme de disque constitué du matériau de résistance est disposé entre les contacts (2, 3).
  5. Interrupteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'un volume d'expansion (9) est prévu dans le boítier (1) en matériau isolant entre le corps de résistance (4) et le contact mobile (3).
  6. Interrupteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le corps de résistance (4) est formé par une pluralité de fibres de carbone, qui sont mis à une consistance de type film ou feutre.
  7. Interrupteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le boítier (1) en matériau isolant, les contacts (2, 3) et le corps de résistance (4) ont respectivement une section transversale à symétrie de révolution.
  8. Interrupteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que le boítier (1) en matériau isolant, les contacts (2, 3) et le corps de résistance sont disposés en symétrie de révolution et de façon colinéaire par rapport aux bornes de courant (2a, 3a).
  9. Interrupteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par des moyens (5) de réglage de la force élastique du contact mobile (3).
  10. Interrupteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par des moyens (5) de limitation de la course et de blocage du contact mobile.
  11. Interrupteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par des moyens de ventilation de l'intérieur du boítier.
  12. Interrupteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un agencement bistable.
  13. Interrupteur selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par des moyens (6a, 11a, 11b) de verrouillage de l'interrupteur à l'état fermé.
  14. Interrupteur selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait qu'un accumulateur de force (5) est associé aux moyens (6a, 11a, 11b) de verrouillage et peut être réglé à un seuil de réponse de courant qui est supérieur aux courants auxquels il y a lieu de s'attendre dans la plage de grande charge.
  15. Interrupteur selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait que l'accumulateur de force est un ressort d'application (5).
  16. Interrupteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que le déverrouillage peut être déclenché par une électronique de détection précoce de court-circuit.
  17. Interrupteur selon la revendication 16, caractérisé par le fait qu'un deuxième accumulateur de force (12) est associé aux moyens de déverrouillage.
  18. Interrupteur selon la revendication 17, caractérisé par le fait que des actionneurs (13, 14) sont prévus pour le déverrouillage.
  19. Interrupteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 18, caractérisé par le fait que les actionneurs sont des actionneurs piézo (14).
  20. Interrupteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 19, caractérisé par un montage passif au moyen d'éléments RLC.
  21. Interrupteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 20, caractérisé par un montage au moyen d'éléments limiteurs de tension, par exemple des diodes Zener, des varistors, des parasurtensions ou analogues.
EP94921596A 1993-07-26 1994-07-25 Interrupteur limiteur de courant Expired - Lifetime EP0750788B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4325030 1993-07-26
DE19934325030 DE4325030A1 (de) 1993-07-26 1993-07-26 Schalter zur Strombegrenzung
DE4425330 1994-07-18
DE4425330A DE4425330A1 (de) 1993-07-26 1994-07-18 Schalter zur Strombegrenzung
PCT/DE1994/000862 WO1995003619A1 (fr) 1993-07-26 1994-07-25 Interrupteur limiteur de courant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0750788A1 EP0750788A1 (fr) 1997-01-02
EP0750788B1 true EP0750788B1 (fr) 1998-03-25

Family

ID=25928039

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94921596A Expired - Lifetime EP0750788B1 (fr) 1993-07-26 1994-07-25 Interrupteur limiteur de courant

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5859579A (fr)
EP (1) EP0750788B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3636461B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE4425330A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995003619A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4446045A1 (de) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Siemens Ag Schalter zur Strombegrenzung
DE19912713A1 (de) * 1999-03-20 2000-09-21 Abb Research Ltd Stromleitersperreinrichtung
US8155096B1 (en) 2000-12-01 2012-04-10 Ipr Licensing Inc. Antenna control system and method
DE102004036279A1 (de) * 2004-07-27 2006-03-23 Siemens Ag Schaltgerät für Niederspannungsanwendungen
KR100697917B1 (ko) * 2005-01-12 2007-03-20 엘에스전선 주식회사 Ｐｔｃ 한류기
FR2884962A1 (fr) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-27 Norbert Roger Beyrard Contacteur disjoncteur a ouverture par declenchement a l'aide d'un actuateur piezo electrique.
DE202011110339U1 (de) * 2011-07-29 2013-08-29 Ceramtec Gmbh Elektromagnetisches Relais
TW201511058A (zh) * 2013-09-03 2015-03-16 Chuan-Sheng Wang 過熱破壞式安全構造及過熱破壞式安全插座與插頭
KR101846418B1 (ko) * 2013-12-17 2018-04-06 지멘스 악티엔게젤샤프트 Hvdc 컨버터를 위한 보호 전자 모듈
US9627821B1 (en) * 2016-07-27 2017-04-18 Atom Technology Inc. Power connector having a transparent observation portion to view the status of a contact limiting member
US20180286617A1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Management Sciences, Inc. Method, System, and Apparatus to Prevent Electrical or Thermal-Based Hazards in Conduits
CN109959050A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2019-07-02 北京绿能嘉业新能源有限公司 一种过热保护电暖坑板
CN108962702A (zh) * 2018-08-14 2018-12-07 李涵 一种调压式熔断器

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3636461B2 (ja) 2005-04-06
US5859579A (en) 1999-01-12
WO1995003619A1 (fr) 1995-02-02
EP0750788A1 (fr) 1997-01-02
DE59405547D1 (de) 1998-04-30
JPH09501003A (ja) 1997-01-28
DE4425330A1 (de) 1996-01-25

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