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EP3953957B1 - Procédé pour l'adaptation sans interruptions de paramètres d'un circuit électrique - Google Patents

Procédé pour l'adaptation sans interruptions de paramètres d'un circuit électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3953957B1
EP3953957B1 EP19739930.6A EP19739930A EP3953957B1 EP 3953957 B1 EP3953957 B1 EP 3953957B1 EP 19739930 A EP19739930 A EP 19739930A EP 3953957 B1 EP3953957 B1 EP 3953957B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
state
adaptation
uninterrupted
contact
movable element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19739930.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3953957A1 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Strobl
Andreas Eismann
Walter Felden
Zoltan FONO
Oliver Ibisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3953957A1 publication Critical patent/EP3953957A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3953957B1 publication Critical patent/EP3953957B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/161—Variable impedances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
    • H01C10/30—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the uninterrupted adjustment of parameters of a circuit.
  • Switching arcs occur when AC or DC circuits are opened, closed or commutated. These switching arcs typically release the released energy in appropriate quenching devices until the arc is extinguished. Conventional electrical switches attempt to control the switching arcs that occur. Especially with the increasing number of direct current applications in which there is no current zero crossing, this is associated with any amount of technical effort.
  • an electric current can be switched without switching arcs through a semiconductor switch, which requires complex control electronics and in which safe galvanic isolation is generally not guaranteed.
  • Transit movements of an adjustable resistance element and thus the increase or decrease of a load in a circuit takes place at a defined speed.
  • the optimum speed of this transit movement is reached when the voltage drop between two points is as constant as possible throughout the movement and never exceeds the ignition voltage.
  • the resistance element becomes very hot locally and can be overloaded. If the control element moves too quickly, the resistance changes very quickly and the voltage drop can become greater than the ignition voltage, which leads to an arc being drawn.
  • the EP 3 031 062 A1 discloses a mechanical switch that operates by commutating current to an energy absorbing path or series of paths through at least one blocking semiconductor to open the circuit, the commutation being effected by sliding movement of at least one shuttle electrode over at least one stationary electrode.
  • this object is achieved by the method for the uninterrupted adjustment of parameters of a circuit according to claim 1 .
  • Advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
  • control system ensures optimal switching conditions.
  • design as a control loop ensures that these optimal conditions are met. This ensures safe operation of the switching devices.
  • the system can also be used to keep the current within a defined range. Of course, this current control only works within the performance limits of the system.
  • the adjustable resistance element must never be overloaded. A temperature measurement can ensure this, for example, and interrupt the circuit in the event of an overload.
  • the parameter to be adjusted is the power, the current or the phase position (cos(phi)) of the circuit.
  • the adjustment is made within 500msec (milliseconds).
  • coils are provided on the controllable resistance element for electromechanical drive against a spring.
  • controllable resistance element comprises a movable element and a stationary element, the movable element being essentially cylindrical, the stationary element being essentially hollow-cylindrical, the movable element being immersible in the stationary element and can be moved against it, a first contact system being attached to the movable element and a second contact system being attached to the stationary element, each for electrical contacting between the movable element and the stationary element, and the linear transit movement increasing the distance between the first contact system and the second Contact system is changed, which changes the division of the current path between the moving element and the fixed element.
  • a first coil is arranged on the bottom of the hollow-cylindrical stationary element and a second, corresponding coil is arranged on the first end of the cylindrically shaped movable element movable element a spring pushes the movable element towards the first coil and thus towards the ON state.
  • the switching device also includes a sensor for measuring the temperature of the controllable resistance element or the main current path.
  • the switching device is provided for switching an alternating current or direct current.
  • the electrical switch 100 includes an ON state and an OFF state for opening, closing or commutation of a circuit 2000.
  • a first contact 110 and a second contact 120 are provided, between which the circuit 2000 is connected.
  • the electrical switch 100 includes a controllable resistance element 200 which is electrically arranged between the first contact 110 and the second contact 120 .
  • the electrical switch 100 is closed in the ON state and open in the OFF state. The switching process, the transition from the ON state to the OFF state and vice versa, takes place by means of a mechanical transit movement T of the controllable resistance element 200.
  • the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is increased by means of the transit movement T and the transit movement T is carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop is lower than the ignition voltage of an arc at all times and that this reduces the switching energy in the controllable resistance element 200 is dissipated in the form of electrical power loss.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 comprises a movable element 210 and a stationary element 220, with the movable element 210 being essentially cylindrical and the stationary element 220 being essentially hollow-cylindrical.
  • the movable element 210 can dip into the fixed element 220 and be moved against it.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 comprises a first contact system 310 on the stationary element 220 and a second contact system 320 on the movable element 210, each for electrical contacting between the movable element 210 and the stationary element 220.
  • a linear transit movement T increases the distance between the first contact system 310 and the second Changed contact system 320, whereby the division of the current path between movable element 210 and fixed element 220 changes.
  • the fixed element 220 can include a galvanic isolation 230, so that in the OFF state the first contact 110 is galvanically isolated from the second contact 120.
  • the galvanic isolation can also take place via the doping of the controllable resistance element 200 itself.
  • FIG. 2A the chain of electrical resistances of the electrical switch 100 is shown. It is a series connection of electrical resistances, starting with the electrical resistance at the second contact 120 R_Cu2 via the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 R_SiC and the electrical resistance of the galvanic isolation 230 R_Iso to the first contact 110 with the resistance R_Cu1.
  • FIG. 2B the electrical resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is shown plotted against the deflection of the mechanical transit movement T.
  • the first contact 110 is electrically isolated from the second contact 120 with an electrical resistance greater than 1 M ⁇ (mega ohms).
  • the electrical switch 100 is in the OFF state.
  • the resistance decreases after the isolation zone 230 has been exceeded, down to an electrical resistance of the controllable resistance element of less than 100 ⁇ (micro ohms). In this position, the electrical switch is in the ON state.
  • FIG. 3A, 3B and 3C shows the transition of the electrical switch 100 from the ON state to the OFF state.
  • the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is increased by means of a linear transit movement T of the movable element 210, with the transit movement T being carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop is lower than the ignition voltage of an arc at any time and the switching energy in the controllable resistance element 200 is thus in the form is dissipated from electrical power loss.
  • the electrical switch 100 is in the ON state.
  • the electric current flows from the first contact 110 via the first contact system 310 to the movable element 210 and further via the second contact system 320 to the second contact 120.
  • the movable element 210 is made of copper, for example, then the total resistance of the electrical switch in the ON Position in the range below 100 ⁇ (micro ohms).
  • the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 are formed by contact springs, for example canted coil springs from Bal Seal Engineering.
  • the movable element 210 is now as shown in FIGS Figures 3A, 3B and 3C moved to the left.
  • the current flows in turn from the first contact 110 via the first contact system 310, the movable element 210 to the second contact system 320 and in the controllable resistance element 200 to the second contact 120. Due to the linear transit movement T, the distance between the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 changed, namely reduced, resulting in the division of the current path between movable element 210 and fixed element 220 changes.
  • FIG 3C the electrical switch 100 is shown in the OFF state.
  • the movable element 210 was further according to the representation of Figures 3A, 3B and 3C moved to the left.
  • the second contact system 320 has been moved beyond the galvanic isolation 230 such that the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 are both in the first contact 110 zone.
  • a current flow thus only occurs due to a leakage current of the galvanic isolation, since the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is greater than 1M ⁇ (mega ohms).
  • the variable resistance element 200 has a first zone 221, which is made of copper, for example, and has a high conductivity.
  • the fixed element 220 dips into this first zone 221, so that due to the lowest resistance, the current flows across the face of the movable element 210 and the zone 221 with low conductivity of the variable resistance element 200.
  • the movable element 210 has a termination 211, which can also be made of copper and thus has a low conductivity. The current therefore flows from the first contact 110 via the termination 211 and the movable element 210.
  • the first contact system 310 and the second Contact system 320 moves towards each other and the current flows through the controllable resistance element 200 itself. As the movement continues, the distribution of the current path between the movable element 210 and the fixed element 220 changes.
  • the electrical switch 100 can have at least one third contact, a potential being commutated by it between these at least three contacts.
  • the variable resistance element 200 in particular its fixed element 220, can be made of a conventional material or of a dopable semiconductor material.
  • Silicon carbide (SiC) for example, is advantageous as a dopable semiconductor material, since this material satisfies important criteria and enables the controllable resistance element 200 to be constructed in a compact manner.
  • Silicon carbide as a semiconductor material has a very high breakdown field strength and a low specific on-resistance.
  • silicon carbide can be doped and the electrical properties can therefore be adjusted from 0.1 to 109 ⁇ cm (ohm centimetres).
  • silicon carbide is resistant to high temperatures, the oxidation resistance is given up to 1600°C and the decomposition temperature is above 2700°C. Silicon carbide is also a very good conductor of heat.
  • the increase in the resistance of the variable resistance element 200 can be achieved by changing the active length, the Shape, the arrangement or the doping happen.
  • the current path within the controllable resistance element 200, or the division of the current path between the movable element 210 and the stationary element 220, is changed by the transit movement T.
  • Figures 5A to 5D show the switching device 1000; 1001 in its various intermediate states.
  • the switching device 1000; 1001 can open, close or commutate a circuit 2000 between a first contact 110 and a second contact 120 not only take an ON state and an OFF state, but other intermediate states, wherein the ON state, the switching device 1000; 1001 and thus the circuit 2000 is closed and opened in the OFF state.
  • the switching device 1000; For this purpose, 1001 has a controllable resistance element 200 which is arranged electrically between the first contact 110 and the second contact 120 .
  • the state of the switching device 1000; 1001 is changed by means of a mechanical transit movement T.
  • the transit movement T is executed in such a way that the current voltage drop is lower than the ignition voltage of an arc at any point in time and the switching energy in the controllable resistance element 200 is thus dissipated in the form of electrical power loss.
  • controllable resistance element 200 In the case of overcurrents below an overcurrent threshold value, the controllable resistance element 200 is transferred into an intermediate state by the transit movement T, so that electrical damping is introduced into the circuit 2000 without interrupting the same.
  • the variable resistance element 200 comprises a movable element 210 and a fixed element 220, the movable element 210 being substantially is cylindrical and the fixed element 220 is substantially hollow cylindrical.
  • the movable element 210 is designed such that it can be immersed in the fixed element 220 and can be moved against it.
  • first contact system 310 on the movable element 210 and a second contact system 320 on the stationary element 220 are provided on the controllable resistance element 200 .
  • These contact systems 310; 320 are provided for electrical contacting between the movable element 210 and the fixed element 220.
  • the linear transit movement T changes the distance between the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320, as a result of which the division of the current path between the movable element 210 and the stationary element 220 changes.
  • the movement of the movable element 210 to the left moves the second contact system 320 towards the first contact system 310 and the current path changes in such a way that an ever greater proportion flows via the fixed element 220 of the controllable resistance element 200 .
  • the set intermediate state can be exited again and the switching device 1000; 1001 return to the ON state.
  • the electrical switching device 1000; 1001 not triggered, but only temporarily transferred to an intermediate state.
  • the switching device 1000 If, after the changeover of the controllable resistance element 200 into an intermediate state, due to the occurrence of an overcurrent below an overcurrent threshold value, the overcurrent continues to rise and exceeds the overcurrent threshold value, the switching device 1000; 1001 an opening of the circuit, i.e. a transition to the OFF state, can be forced.
  • the transit movement T can be done by means of an electromechanical drive.
  • a first coil 520 is provided on the bottom of the hollow-cylindrical stationary element 220 and a second, corresponding coil 510 is provided on the first end of the cylindrically-shaped movable element 210, which repel each other when energized.
  • a spring 600 is arranged at the second end of the cylinder-shaped movable element 210, which spring 600 presses the movable element 210 in the direction of the first coil 520 and thus in the direction of the ON state.
  • the energization of the first and second coil 520; 510 can be carried out by means of a regulation which thus regulates the transit movement T and sets the desired intermediate state or also the ON state or OFF state of the controllable resistance element 200.
  • a sensor for measuring the temperature of the controllable resistance element 200 or the temperature of the main current path can be provided.
  • the control can adjust the controllable resistance element 200 according to the measured temperature and, if necessary, the switching device 1000; 1001 into the OFF state so that current flow is no longer possible.
  • the switching device 1000; 1001 is provided for switching an AC or a DC current.
  • FIG 6A is the switching device 1000; 1001 shown with four different intermediate states with resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4.
  • resistor R4 is much larger than resistor R3, which is much larger than resistor R2, and is larger than resistor R1.
  • the variable resistance element 200 when set to one of the four intermediate states, will attenuate the circuit 2000 at the set resistance.
  • Figure 6B clearly explains the sequence of the electrical resistances of the controllable resistance element 200: Starting from the ON state with low resistance, discrete electrical resistances R1, R2, R3, R4, . . . RN can be set. The electrical resistance of the OFF state lies above the maximum resistance RN.
  • the resistance values are formed continuously and can be driven continuously.
  • the detection of the overcurrent and the deflection of the controllable resistance element 200 can also take place through a corresponding arrangement of the main contacts without additional coil formers, or through additional measuring devices. This fulfills the function of a thermal release.
  • the temperature can also be measured at specific points in the controllable resistance element 200 or on the main current path in the case of smaller currents. If the temperature exceeds a certain threshold, the movable contact system changes its position via a corresponding deflection mechanism, for example a bimetal, and the resistance is further increased. This reduces the current.
  • a corresponding deflection mechanism for example a bimetal
  • Such a system can be both a function of the switching device 1000; 1001 that protects the equipment connected in the circuit 2000, or also be a kind of self-protection of the device in order to ensure an overload of the controllable resistance element 200 or parts of the current path.
  • figure 7 is the method according to the invention for the uninterrupted adjustment of parameters of a circuit 2000 through the targeted introduction of ohmic, capacitive or inductive components using at least two switching devices 1000; 1001 shown as control elements and a sensor or measuring device 2500.
  • the switching devices 1000; 1001 each have an ON state, an OFF state for opening, closing or commutation of a circuit 2000 between a first contact 110 and a second contact 120 and further intermediate states between the ON and OFF state, as well as a controllable resistance element 200 .
  • the controllable resistance element 200 is arranged electrically between the first contact 110 and the second contact 120, with the switching devices 1000; 1001 are closed and open in the OFF state, and by means of a mechanical transit movement T the state of the switching devices 1000; 1001 is changed.
  • the transit movement T is carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop is less than the ignition voltage of an arc at any point in time, and as a result the switching energy in the controllable resistance element 200 is dissipated in the form of electrical power loss, with overcurrents below an overcurrent threshold value being caused by the transit movement T the variable resistance element 200 is placed in an intermediate state such that electrical damping is introduced into the circuit 2000 without interrupting it.
  • the method according to the invention for the uninterrupted adjustment of parameters can be clocked out in such a way that the parameter to be adjusted is the power, the current or the phase position (cos(phi)) of the circuit 2000 .
  • the method for the uninterrupted adjustment of parameters can be designed in such a way that the adjustment is made within 500 msec (milli seconds).
  • Figure 9A shows again a controllable resistance element 200 with a first coil 520 on the fixed element 220 and a second coil 510 on the movable element 210.
  • Figure 9B shows a controllable Wiserstandselement 200, wherein the transit movement T of the movable element 210 is generated by a motor M electromechanically.
  • a controller R controls the motor M according to the parameter of circuit 2000.
  • defined profiles can also be run in order to achieve a desired switch-off behavior. This applies above all to switching processes that always take place in the same way and where certain transient switching processes can otherwise lead to problems in the network.
  • the method according to the invention for uninterrupted adaptation allows targeted changes to be made to the parameters R, L, C (ohmic, inductive or capacitive components) in a three-phase network, which makes it possible to control the active power flow (load flow).
  • cross-regulation U Q can be carried out, which makes the active power distribution on several parallel lines dependent on the angle difference in the voltage at the beginning and end of the lines.
  • a linear regulation U L can also be carried out by the method according to the invention, which changes the amount of the active power.
  • voltage and reactive power can be regulated.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé d'adaptation sans interruption de paramètres d'un circuit électrique (2000) par l'insertion ciblée de parties ohmiques, capacitives ou inductives au moyen d'au moins deux appareils de commutation (1000 ; 1001) en tant qu'éléments de régulation et un capteur ou appareil de mesure, dans lequel les appareils de commutation (1000 ; 1001) présentent chacun un état ON, un état OFF, pour l'ouverture, la fermeture ou la commutation d'un circuit électrique (2000) entre un premier contact (110) et un deuxième contact (120) et d'autres états intermédiaires entre les états ON et OFF ainsi qu'un élément de résistance régulable (200), dans lequel l'élément de résistance régulable (200) est disposé électriquement entre le premier contact (110) et le deuxième contact (120), dans lequel, dans l'état ON, les appareils de commutation (1000 ; 1001) sont fermés et, dans l'état OFF, ils sont ouverts, dans lequel, au moyen d'un mouvement de transit mécanique (T), l'état des appareils de commutation (1000 ; 1001) est modifié,
    dans lequel le mouvement de transit (T) est effectué de façon à ce que la chute de tension actuelle soit à tout moment inférieure à la tension d'allumage d'un arc électrique et que l'énergie de commutation soit ainsi dissipée dans l'élément de résistance régulable (200) sous la forme d'une dissipation de puissance électrique,
    dans lequel, dans le cas de surintensités en dessous de la valeur seuil de surintensité, le mouvement de transit (T) permet de mettre l'élément de résistance régulable (200) dans un état intermédiaire, de façon à ce qu'un amortissement électrique soit introduit dans le circuit électrique (2000) sans interruption de celui-ci,
    avec les étapes suivantes :
    - mesure (5100) de l'état du paramètre ;
    - comparaison (5200) avec l'état de consigne du paramètre ;
    - commande (5300) des au moins deux éléments de résistance régulables (200).
  2. Procédé d'adaptation sans interruption de paramètres selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le paramètre à adapter est la puissance, le courant ou la phase (cos(phi)) du circuit électrique (2000).
  3. Procédé d'adaptation sans interruption de paramètres selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel l'adaptation est effectuée dans un délai de 500 msec (millisecondes).
  4. Procédé d'adaptation sans interruption de paramètres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, lors de la baisse d'une surintensité, l'état intermédiaire de l'élément de résistance régulable correspondant est abandonné et l'état ON est activé.
  5. Procédé d'adaptation sans interruption de paramètres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, sur les éléments de résistance régulables (200), sont prévues des bobines (510 ; 520) pour un entraînement électromécanique contre un ressort (600).
  6. Procédé d'adaptation sans interruption de paramètres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les éléments de résistance régulables (200) comprennent chacun un élément mobile (210) et un élément stationnaire (220),
    dans lequel l'élément mobile (210) est globalement de forme cylindrique,
    dans lequel l'élément stationnaire (220) est globalement de forme cylindrique creuse,
    dans lequel l'élément mobile (210) est conçu de façon à pouvoir être plongé dans l'élément stationnaire (220) et peut être déplacé par rapport à celui-ci,
    dans lequel un premier système de contact (310) est monté sur l'élément mobile (210) et un deuxième système de contact (320) est monté sur l'élément stationnaire (220), respectivement pour la mise en contact électrique entre l'élément mobile (210) et l'élément stationnaire (220),
    dans lequel, grâce au mouvement de transit linéaire (T), la distance entre le premier système de contact (310) et le deuxième système de contact (320) est modifiée, ce qui modifie la répartition du chemin de courant entre l'élément mobile (210) et l'élément stationnaire (220).
  7. Procédé d'adaptation sans interruption de paramètres selon la revendication 6, dans lequel, sur le fond de l'élément stationnaire (220) de forme cylindrique creuse, est disposée une première bobine (520) et, au niveau de la première extrémité de l'élément mobile (210) de forme cylindrique, est disposée une deuxième bobine (510) correspondante, dans lequel, lors de l'alimentation en courant, les deux bobines (510 ; 520) se repoussent mutuellement,
    dans lequel, au niveau de la deuxième extrémité opposée de l'élément mobile (210) de forme cylindrique, un ressort (600) pousse l'élément mobile (210) en direction de la première bobine (520) et donc en direction de l'état ON.
  8. Procédé d'adaptation sans interruption de paramètres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel un capteur est prévu pour la mesure de la température de l'élément de résistance régulable (200) ou de la piste de courant principale.
  9. Procédé d'adaptation sans interruption de paramètres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le procédé effectue l'adaptation dans un circuit à courant alternatif ou dans un circuit à courant continu.
EP19739930.6A 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Procédé pour l'adaptation sans interruptions de paramètres d'un circuit électrique Active EP3953957B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2019/067581 WO2021001011A1 (fr) 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Procédé pour l'adaptation sans interruptions de paramètres d'un circuit électrique

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EP3953957A1 EP3953957A1 (fr) 2022-02-16
EP3953957B1 true EP3953957B1 (fr) 2023-01-04

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DE102021200648B4 (de) 2021-01-26 2024-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrischer Schalter mit einem regelbaren Widerstandselement

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US8890019B2 (en) * 2011-02-05 2014-11-18 Roger Webster Faulkner Commutating circuit breaker
CN105723489B (zh) * 2013-08-05 2019-06-04 英诺锂资产公司 具有阻断半导体的换向开关

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