EP0605382B1 - Apparatus for comminuting waste materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for comminuting waste materials, in particular wood waste, left-over pieces of wood or the like, in which apparatus a rotor equipped with comminuting tools is horizontally mounted in a housing and a feeding hopper is provided above the rotor, the material to be comminuted being able to be supplied to the rotor by means of a press-on device acting transversely to the rotor axis. In this arrangement, at least the regions, situated in the active or movement region of the press-on device, of the side walls 14; 44, 57, running in the advancing direction of the press-on plate 13; 33; 60', of the hopper 10; 30; 53 slope obliquely upwards and outwards. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a device for shredding waste, in particular wood waste, residual wood pieces or the like, in which a rotor provided with shredding tools is mounted horizontally in a housing and a feed hopper is provided above the rotor, the material to be shredded by means of a cross to the rotor axis effective pressing device can be fed to the rotor.

Various designs of this type are already known. In a known embodiment, the rotor is arranged in a stationary manner in the housing and the feed hopper is displaceable above the rotor, the housing region in front of the rotor having vertically extending side walls. Such a design has the disadvantage that the pieces of wood pushed by the pressure plate between the housing side walls towards the rotor tend to spread when a wooden stick is only insignificantly longer than the width of the housing and is spread between the two side walls by one-sided feed. This then leads to a complete stoppage of the feed, so that the machine has to be stopped and the jamming must be remedied. Another disadvantage is that a large mass has to be moved, namely the hopper loaded with material to be shredded, which is guided over the rotor. This means that not only the contact pressure has to be generated by the transport devices which move the funnel, but also the entire weight of the rotor filled with material to be comminuted has to be moved, which additionally requires special guides and the like, in which the remaining pieces of wood can easily become jammed.

In another embodiment of the type mentioned at the outset, the funnel is arranged to be stationary, the material to be shredded being pressed against the rotor along the oblique funnel wall. This training is especially for crushing light goods such as paper waste, polystyrene waste and the like. provided, the rotor design is selected accordingly, so that this training is not suitable for hard waste, such as wood waste or pieces of residual wood.

The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, which is as prone to failure in operation.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that at least the areas of the side walls of the funnel which extend in the feed direction of the pressure plate are in the active or moving area of the pressing device and are inclined upwards outwards. A spreading of pieces of wood between the side walls of the funnel running in the feed direction of the pressure plate is avoided, since when pressure is exerted on an elongated piece of wood, the length of which is only slightly greater than the mutual distance of the side walls, this piece of wood can dodge upwards along the inclined surface.

In the case of a formation in which the rotor is arranged in the region of the funnel walls and extends over the length of the funnel wall, an opening extending over the entire width of the funnel, through which an opening transverse to the rotor passes, can be provided in the funnel wall opposite the rotor extending pressure plate in the direction of the rotor or is displaceable away from it and wherein on the back of the pressure plate in the region of the upper edge thereof a cover plate extending in the feed direction is attached pointing away from the rotor. As a result, a contact pressure is generated only in the relatively narrow area of the rotor, which is sufficient for comminution to take place due to the rotor rotation. Any handing in of larger wooden parts leads to them being pressed out of the web by the pressure plate until they come into the correct position to rest against the rotor. These measures and the fact that the pressure only takes place in the lower area effectively prevent jamming of the pieces of wood located in the funnel. In addition, with small feed forces and small moving parts, sufficiency is found.

Furthermore, the side walls of the funnel running in the feed direction of the pressure plate can be inclined upwards outwards at least up to the height of the axis of rotation of the rotor. This ensures that when the contact pressure is applied in the event of jamming, the pieces of wood dodge upwards, which then prevents jamming of longer pieces of wood.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the pressure plate can be attached to the end of one or more plungers facing the rotor, the other end of which engages a crossbar running parallel to the pressure plate, which connects the free ends of two pivot levers, the plunger or plugs being curved in a circular arc and the arc center coincides with the pivot point of the pivot levers. This creates a particularly space-saving design, and this design prevents jamming of longer and larger pieces to be shredded, not least because of the curved bottom surface of the funnel. In addition, as already indicated, the swiveling device takes up less space than a straight-line printing device, so that the devices with a smaller footprint find their end. A hydraulic piston / cylinder unit can be provided for driving the pivot levers, one end of which engages the pivot lever or an extension of the same and the other end of which engages the frame, thereby ensuring that pressure is applied uniformly over both pivot levers, because of: the uniform pressure distribution of a liquid medium both cylinders apply the same pressure.

Finally, in an embodiment in which the feed hopper has a pressure plate extending below the rotor axis, the rotor and the feed hopper being displaceable horizontally relative to one another transversely to the rotor axis, the feed hopper being stationary and the rotor together with the housing supporting it being displaceable under the feed hopper , wherein the housing area in front of the rotor, movable under the feed hopper, with the after is provided above to obliquely diverging side walls. This has the advantage that it is milled away from a steady pile of wood, as a result of which the raw material to be milled is only held against displacement, but does not have to be actively moved. In addition, as already mentioned, the diagonally upward diverging side walls of the trough prevent it from spreading even further so that when one-sided pressure is exerted on an elongated piece of wood, the length of which is only slightly greater than the width of the trough, this piece of wood dodges obliquely upwards can, which prevents spreading again.

Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawing.

Fig. 1 shows schematically the structure of a crushing plant with a horizontal feed of the pressure plate.

Fig. 2 is a section along line II-II of Fig. 1 on a larger scale.

Fig. 3 illustrates a further embodiment of the subject matter, respectively. with swiveling press ram.

Fig. 4 shows the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 with the ram retracted.

Fig. 5 is a section along line V-V of Fig. 3rd

Fig. 6 shows the device according to the invention in elevation.

Fig. 7 shows the detail X of Fig. 6 on a larger scale.

Fig. 8 shows the device according to the invention in side view, and

9a-c illustrate the process sequence when operating the device according to the invention.

1 designates a frame on which a rotor 3 provided with comminution tools 2 is rotatably mounted. The rotor 3 is driven by an electric motor 4, a belt drive 5 and a chain drive 6. A counter knife 7 is assigned to this rotor 3 and has cutouts formed according to the knife shape 2. This counter knife is attached to a carrier 8. The counter knife 7 forms the continuation of a base plate 9 of a feed hopper 10. On the wall 11 opposite the rotor 3 there is an opening 12 provided, through which a pressure plate 13 can be moved. This pressure plate is perpendicular to the base plate 9 and is guided through the side walls 14. The pressure plate is driven by a hydraulic piston / cylinder unit 15, which is supported on a frame part 16 with its end facing away from the pressure plate 13. The pressure plate 13 is followed by a cover plate 17, which extends from the top edge of the pressure plate 13 to the rear and thus covers the opening that would arise behind the pressure plate 13 upwards and thus prevents the goods located in the funnel 12 from falling into it.

The lower regions of the side walls 14, which are denoted by 14 'in FIG. 2, run inclined upwards outward from the base plate 9, and so on. in this case up to approximately the height of the rotor drive axis. Above the same, they then run parallel and merge into the outer walls 14 of the funnel.

When the device is in operation, the material to be shredded is fed into the hopper 1 and the rotor 3 is rotated by the motor 4. The material to be shredded is then shredded by the cutting edges 2 and the shearbar 7 and falls into a collecting part (not shown in more detail below). The material to be comminuted is pressed on via the pressure plate 13, which is moved in the direction of the rotor 3 via the piston / cylinder unit 15. The material located in front of the pressure plate 13 is held against the rotor in such a way that reliable comminution is possible, but that too much material can recede into the hopper 10 above the rotor. No goods can fall into the back of the pressure plate since the space is closed by the cover plate 17.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the frame with 21, the cutting tools with 22, the rotor with 23, the drive motor with 24, the belt drive with 25, the chain drive with 26, the shear bar with 27, the part carrying this 28, the bottom plate of the hopper with 29 and the feed hopper designated 30. The base plate 29 of the feed hopper is curved along a cylindrical surface. The pressure plate 33 is on one Pressure stamp 34 is provided, which in the present case is formed by a welded box profile. The pressure plate 33 can be moved through an opening 31 in the wall 32 of the funnel 30 opposite the rotor 23. One wall 35 of the plunger can be moved just above the base plate 29 and has a curvature which is analogous to the curvature of the base plate 29. The other boundary wall of the box section, the wall 36, is also curved along a cylindrical surface, the curvature of the cylindrical surfaces all having the same center 37. At this pivot point 37 pivot levers 38 are arranged which carry a cross member 39 which connects the free ends of the levers 38 to one another. The box section 34 engages this cross member 39.

The swivel levers 38 can be swiveled via a hydraulic piston / cylinder unit 40, which are articulated at one end to the swivel levers at 41 and at the frame at 42.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the lower regions 43 of the side walls 44 running parallel to the pivoting planes of the levers 38 are inclined upwards and outwards, whereas the pressure plate 33 is rectangular.

When the device is in operation, the material to be shredded is entered after the motor 24 has been switched on and the rotor 23 has been rotated, etc. in the position shown in Fig. 3 of the pivot lever. The hydraulic piston / cylinder unit is then pressurized in such a way that the piston / cylinder unit is shortened, as a result of which the pivot levers 38 are pivoted clockwise as seen in FIG. 3, as a result of which the pressure plate 33 presses the material to be comminuted onto the rotor 23. whereby the material is comminuted by the knives 22 and the counter-cutting knives 27. The comminuted material falls into a receiving device 45, from which it is discharged with a screw 46.

In the embodiment variant according to FIGS. 6-9, vertical uprights 52 are fixedly arranged on a foundation 51 and carry a feed hopper 53. A movable housing part 54 is provided below the feed hopper 53, which carries a rotor 55 provided with comminution tools 56. The Upstream of the rotor is a receiving trough for the material to be shredded, the side walls of which are designated 57 and the bottom of which is designated 57 '. The side walls of the feed hopper 53 lie directly above the upper edges of the side walls 57. The side walls 57 of the receiving trough diverge upwards from the bottom 57 'as partial counter-cutting for the outermost comminution tools 56. A support plate 58 is provided downstream of the rotor, which runs horizontally and is arranged in the upper cutting plane of the rotor. This support plate is firmly connected to the movable housing part 54 and movable with it. An ejector 59 is provided below the rotor 55, which feeds the comminuted particles to a discharge device (not shown). This discharge device can be of any type, the conveying direction being arranged in the direction of movement of the housing part 54.

The rear wall of the feed hopper 60 in the feed direction of the housing 54 is pulled down to the bottom 57 'of the receiving trough for material to be shredded, which is indicated by 61 in FIGS. 9a-c, and acts as a pressure plate 60'.

The mode of operation of the device according to the invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 9a-c. In Fig. 9a the beginning of the crushing and the feed movement of the housing part 54 is indicated. By means of the rotor, the shredded tools 56 shred the discarded wood into small pieces and bring it into the removal device (not shown) through the ejection 59. The housing part 54 is advanced in the direction of the arrow P according to FIG. 9b at a speed which corresponds to the shredding power of the rotor with the shredding tools 56. The material 61 to be comminuted which remains above the movement path of the rotor 55 remains on the support plate 58 and slides thereon in accordance with the feed movement of the housing part 54. Such a central position is shown in FIG. 9b. The housing part 54 is advanced in the direction of the arrow P until the end position shown in FIG. 9c is reached, in which the end wall of the feed hopper 53 comes to lie directly in front of the rotor 55. The material 61 to be shredded remaining in the feed hopper 53 then lies entirely on the support plate 58.

Should a longer piece of wood come to lie transversely to the direction of advance of the housing part 54, which could possibly lead to a spreading between the two side walls 57, then the piece of wood becomes inclined due to the forward movement and the pressure exerted on this transverse piece of wood by the remaining wood of the walls 57 slide upwards, thereby preventing the spreading.

Claims (5)

1. Apparatus for comminuting waste material, particularly waste wood, wood chippings or the like, in which a rotor provided with comminuting tools is horizontally mounted in a housing and a feed hopper is provided above the rotor, whereby the material to be comminuted may be supplied to the rotor by means of a pressing device acting transverse to the rotor axis, characterised in that at least those regions, situated in the working or movement region of the pressing device, of the side walls (14; 44; 57), which extend in the feed direction of the pressure plate (13; 33; 60'), of the hopper (10; 30; 53) extend obliquely upwardly and outwardly.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 in which the rotor is disposed in the region of one of the hopper walls and extends over the length of the hopper wall, characterised in that provided in the hopper wall (11; 32) opposite to the rotor (3; 23) there is an opening (12; 31), which extends over the entire breadth of the hopper (10; 30) and through which a pressure plate (13; 33) extending transverse to the rotor (3; 23) is movable in the direction towards the rotor (3; 23) or away from it and whereby a cover plate (17; 36) extending in the feed direction is attached to the rear side of the pressure plate (13; 33) in the region of the upper edge of the same pointing away from the rotor (3; 29).
3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the pressure plate (33) is attached to the end directed away from the rotor (23) of one or more rams (34), the other end of which engages a transverse beam (39) which extends parallel to the pressure plate (33) and which connects the free ends of two pivotal levers (38), whereby the pressure ram(s) (34) extend in a circular arcuate shape and whereby the centre of curvature coincides with the pivotal axis of the pivotal levers (38).
4. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that provided for the actuation of the pivotal levers (38) there is a respective hydraulic piston-cylinder unit (40), one end (41) of which engages the pivotal lever (38) or an extension thereof and whose other end (42) engages the frame (21).
5. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 in which the feed hopper has a pressure plate extending to below the rotor axis, the rotor and feed hopper being movable horizontally towards one another transverse to the rotor axis, characterised in that the feed hopper (53) is fixedly arranged and the rotor (55) together with the housing (54) supporting it is movably arranged beneath the feed hopper (53), the housing region which is mounted in front of the rotor (55) and is movable beneath the feed hopper (53) being provided with the upwardly and obliquely diverging side walls (57).

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