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EP0191707A1 - Process for the powder-metallurgical preparation of an aluminium-based material containing at least one ceramic for the manufacture of articles subject to friction - Google Patents

Process for the powder-metallurgical preparation of an aluminium-based material containing at least one ceramic for the manufacture of articles subject to friction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0191707A1
EP0191707A1 EP86420032A EP86420032A EP0191707A1 EP 0191707 A1 EP0191707 A1 EP 0191707A1 EP 86420032 A EP86420032 A EP 86420032A EP 86420032 A EP86420032 A EP 86420032A EP 0191707 A1 EP0191707 A1 EP 0191707A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
ceramic
friction
powder
particle size
solid lubricant
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EP86420032A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0191707B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François Résidence "Le Chopin" Faure
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Cegedur Societe de Transformation de lAluminium Pechiney SA
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Cegedur Societe de Transformation de lAluminium Pechiney SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0089—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with other, not previously mentioned inorganic compounds as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. sulfides, glass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for obtaining, by powder metallurgy, a material based on aluminum alloy, a solid lubricant and at least one ceramic intended for making parts subjected to friction. , such as for example the liners of internal combustion engines.
  • these alloys have the advantage, when they contain silicon in a hypereutectic amount, of leading during their manufacture by casting to the formation of primary hard silicon crystals distributed in a softer aluminum matrix, which reinforces their resistance to wear and seizure.
  • This technique is also favorable for the incorporation into the alloy of solid lubricating products such as graphite, tin or even hardening agents such as silicon carbide for example.
  • the mechanical strength of such alloys can be increased by adding other addition elements such as copper, magnesium, etc.
  • the Applicant has found that the solution lies in the use of a ceramic powder with a particle size between 1 and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the invention therefore consists of 4, introducing into the mixture of powders constituted by the aluminum alloy and the solid lubricant, a ceramic with a particle size between 1 and 10 ⁇ m but preferably not exceeding 7 ⁇ m.
  • This particular choice of particle size comes from the surprising observation made by the applicant according to which when using a powder of decreasing particle size in the range indicated, certainly the coefficient of friction of the material decreases as might be expected but that unlike from what we said above, there is no correlative degradation of the resistance to seizing and on the contrary improvement of this resistance.
  • This particular particle size can be obtained by any known means of spraying and / or grinding and sieving the ceramic used.
  • This ceramic may in particular be corundum, silicon carbide, zirconia and silica.
  • the amount of ceramic having given the best results is in the range of 5 to 25% by weight relative to the final material and preferably between 7 and 15%. Above 25%, there is a deterioration in the mechanical properties which could be remedied by making a special sintering treatment under load in the presence of a liquid phase, but the price of the material thus produced is then appreciably increased. Below 5%, the ceramic does not have a sufficient effect.
  • the materials of the invention may also contain a solid lubricant in a proportion of less than 10% of the mass of the final material, these lubricants being, for example, molybdenum disulphide, graphite, boron nitride.
  • the aluminum alloy with which the solid lubricant and the ceramic are mixed may be any alloy available in the form of a pre-alloyed or premixed powder.
  • the mixture obtained is then cold pressed either in a uniaxial press or in an isostatic press, then hot spun in an extrusion press in the form of plots or billets which are machined to the dimensions of the desired part or else hot sintered from a blank having the appropriate dimensions.
  • the parts thus obtained are subjected to heat treatments such as dissolution, quenching and tempering.
  • the eight parts thus obtained were then subjected to seizure resistance tests on the one hand and to measurements of the coefficient of friction on the other hand.
  • seizure tests were carried out using an alternative PLINT tribometer based on the following principle: a metallic segment animated by an alternating rectilinear movement is rubbed on a flat, horizontal and lubricated face of the carefully immobilized part. observe whether there is binding or not.
  • the present invention finds its application in the production of parts subject to friction, such as engine liners in order to obtain an optimum compromise between the values of the coefficient of friction and of the resistance to seizing and wear.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente demande est relative à un procédé d'obtention par la métallurgie des poudres d'un matériau a base d'alliage d'aluminium, de lubrifiant solide et d'au moins une céramique. Ce procédé est caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise une céramique en poudre de granulométrie comprise entre 1 et 10 µm. Il trouve son application dans la confection de pièces soumises à frottement, notamment à chaud, telles que des chemises de moteurs en vue d'obtenir principalement un compromis optimum entre les valeurs du coefficient de frottement et de la résistance au grippage et à l'usure.The present application relates to a process for obtaining by powder metallurgy a material based on aluminum alloy, solid lubricant and at least one ceramic. This process is characterized in that a ceramic powder with a particle size of between 1 and 10 μm is used. It finds its application in the production of parts subject to friction, in particular hot, such as engine liners in order to obtain mainly an optimum compromise between the values of the coefficient of friction and the resistance to seizing and wear. .

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé d'obtention par la métallurgie des poudres d'un matériau à base d'alliage d'aluminium, d'un lubrifiant solide et d'au moins une céramique destiné à la confection de pièces soumises à frottement, telles que par exemple les chemises de moteurs à combustion interne.The present invention relates to a process for obtaining, by powder metallurgy, a material based on aluminum alloy, a solid lubricant and at least one ceramic intended for making parts subjected to friction. , such as for example the liners of internal combustion engines.

L'homme de l'art sait que les pièces soumises à frottement doivent posséder un certain nombre de propriétés dont les principales sont :

  • - un faible coefficient de dilatation et de frottement,
  • - une résistance au grippage et à l'usure suffisante,
  • - une bonne usinabilité,
  • - un bon comportement vis-à-vis des pièces sur lesquelles elles frottent et dites "pièces antagonistes" de façon à en limiter l'usure,
  • - une bonne tenue mécanique notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de chemises de moteur.
Those skilled in the art know that parts subjected to friction must have a certain number of properties, the main ones of which are:
  • - a low coefficient of expansion and friction,
  • - sufficient seizure and wear resistance,
  • - good machinability,
  • - good behavior vis-à-vis the parts on which they rub and called "opposing parts" so as to limit wear,
  • - good mechanical strength, particularly in the case of engine liners.

Malheureusement, dans ce domaine, la plupart des alliages classiques d'aluminium sont particulièrement désavantagés en raison de leur coefficient de dilatation relativement élevé, de leur forte tendance au grippage et à l'usure et leur coefficient de frottement élevé.Unfortunately, in this area, most conventional aluminum alloys are particularly disadvantaged because of their relatively high coefficient of expansion, their strong tendency to seize and wear and their high coefficient of friction.

C'est pourquoi, lorsqu'on a voulu appliquer ce métal à la confection de pièces soumises à frottement, on s'est orienté vers les alliages d'aluminium-silicium à cause de leur coefficient de dilatation plus faible que celui des autres alliages, ce qui est évidemment intéressant dans le cas de pièces se mouvant les unes par rapport aux autres avec un jeu faible et contrôlé et dont la température évolue en cours de fonctionnement.This is why, when we wanted to apply this metal to the production of parts subject to friction, we turned to aluminum-silicon alloys because of their lower coefficient of expansion than that of other alloys, which is obviously interesting in the case of parts moving with respect to each other with a small and controlled clearance and the temperature of which changes during operation.

De plus, ces alliages présentent l'avantage, lorsqu'ils contiennent du silicium en quantité hypereutectique, de conduire lors de leur fabrication par coulée à la formation de cristaux primaires de silicium durs distribués dans une matrice en aluminium plus tendre, ce qui renforce leur résistance à l'usure et au grippage.In addition, these alloys have the advantage, when they contain silicon in a hypereutectic amount, of leading during their manufacture by casting to the formation of primary hard silicon crystals distributed in a softer aluminum matrix, which reinforces their resistance to wear and seizure.

Cependant, ces cristaux, lorsqu'ils se forment dans une masse d'alliage coulé. sont généralement grossiers et rendent difficile l'usinage des pièces ainsi obtenues. C'est pourquoi la demanderesse dans son brevet français 2 343 895 préconise de fabriquer ces alliages à partir de poudres obtenues par atomisation, par exemple, car ainsi, on peut, en raison des grandes vitesses de refroidissement atteintes lors de leur fabrication, former des cristaux de silicium d'une taille inférieure à 20 pm. Lorsque ces poudres sont mises en forme par filage ou par frittage, elles conduisent à la formation de pièces qui s'usinent plus facilement et présentent par ailleurs un coefficient de frottement amélioré.However, these crystals, when they form in a mass of cast alloy. are generally coarse and make it difficult to machine the parts thus obtained. This is why the applicant in its French patent 2,343,895 recommends manufacturing these alloys from powders obtained by atomization, for example, because thus, it is possible, because of the high cooling rates reached during their manufacture, to form silicon crystals smaller than 20 µm. When these powders are shaped by spinning or sintering, they lead to the formation of parts which are machined more easily and also have an improved coefficient of friction.

Cette technique est également favorable à l'incorporation dans l'alliage de produits lubrifiants solides tels que le graphite, l'étain ou encore d'agents durcisseurs tels que le carbure de silicium par exemple.This technique is also favorable for the incorporation into the alloy of solid lubricating products such as graphite, tin or even hardening agents such as silicon carbide for example.

Par ailleurs, on peut augmenter la résistance mécanique de tels alliages en ajoutant d'autres éléments d'addition tels que le cuivre, le magnésium, etc...Furthermore, the mechanical strength of such alloys can be increased by adding other addition elements such as copper, magnesium, etc.

Par la suite, la demanderesse dans son brevet français 2 528 910 a proposé de nouveaux perfectionnements aux pièces obtenues avec de tels alliages par la métallurgie des poudres. Elle a en effet constaté que ces alliages d'aluminium - silicium atomisés contenaient une forte proportion de particules de silicium inférieures è 5 µm et que ces dernières, en raison de leur grande finesse, nuisaient à une bonne compatibilité entre les pièces en mouvement. Pour résoudre ce problème, elle a enseigné l'utilisation de mélanges de poudres d'aluminium et de grains de silicium soigneusement calibrés dans une fourchette de granulométrie comprise entre 20 et 50 pm.Subsequently, the applicant in its French patent 2,528,910 proposed new improvements to the parts obtained with such alloys by powder metallurgy. It found that these aluminum-atomized silicon alloys contained a high proportion of silicon particles less than 5 µm and that the latter, due to their great fineness, adversely affected good compatibility between moving parts. To solve this problem, she taught the use of mixtures of aluminum powders and silicon grains carefully calibrated in a range of particle size between 20 and 50 μm.

Plus récemment, on a vu apparaître, toujours fabriqués à partir de poudres d'alliages d'aluminium, de nouveaux matériaux composites dans lesquels sont incorporés des produits désignés sous le nom de "céramique" et qui regroupe notamment le corindon, le carbure de silicium et la zircone. De tels matériaux sont enseignés dans la demande de brevet japonais 59/38350 qui revendique un alliage d'aluminium fritté contenant 0,5 à 30 % de lubrifiant solide (plomb, graphite, sulfure de molybdène ou de tungstène, sulfate de cuivre, nitrure de bore); 0,2 à 20 % d'une phase dure (SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, carbures et nitrures des mêmes éléments); 0,2-20 % d'éléments durcissants (cuivre, magnésium, silicium, étain, zinc); 0,2-20 % de Fe, Ni, Cr pour améliorer la résistance à l'usure.More recently, we have seen the appearance, still made from aluminum alloy powders, of new composite materials in which are incorporated products designated under the name of "ceramic" and which includes in particular corundum, silicon carbide and zirconia. Such materials are taught in Japanese patent application 59/38350 which claims a sintered aluminum alloy containing 0.5 to 30% of solid lubricant (lead, graphite, molybdenum or tungsten sulfide, copper sulfate, nitride of boron); 0.2 to 20% of a hard phase (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , carbides and nitrides of the same elements); 0.2-20% of hardening elements (copper, magnesium, silicon, tin, zinc); 0.2-20% Fe, Ni, Cr to improve wear resistance.

Il est connu que la présence d'une phase dure permet d'améliorer la résistance à l'usure et au grippage des matériaux soumis à frottement par rapport aux alliages hypersiliciés mais, elle entraîne corrélativement une mauvaise usinabilité et un coefficient de frottement très élevé conduisant à une usure rapide de la pièce antagoniste. C'est pourquoi d'ailleurs, de tels matériaux ont été réservés dans la demande de brevet japonaise à la confection de pièces telles que des mâchoires de freins, par exemple, et non à des chemises de moteur pour la confection desquelles ils sont tout à fait contre-indiqués.It is known that the presence of a hard phase makes it possible to improve the resistance to wear and seizure of materials subjected to friction compared to hypersilicon alloys but, it correlatively results in poor machinability and a very high coefficient of friction leading rapid wear of the opposing part. This is why, moreover, such materials have been reserved in the Japanese patent application for the manufacture of parts such as brake shoes, for example, and not to engine liners for the manufacture of which they are quite made contraindicated.

La demanderesse ayant pour but, sans recourir à la technique des particules de silicium calibrés mais, tout en gardant la technique mise au point dans son brevet 2 343 895, de trouver un matériau présentant un compromis optimum entre les valeurs du coefficient de frottement et de la résistance au grippage tout en maintenant par ailleurs les autres propriétés à un niveau convenable, n'était donc guère encouragée à incorporer des céramiques ayant un coefficient de frottement élevé dans un matériau destiné notamment à la confection de chemises de moteurs. Mais, voulant néanmoins bénéficier de certains avantages de ces produits, elle a cherché à les utiliser en essayant sinon d'en supprimer les inconvénients, du moins de les atténuer.The applicant having for goal, without resorting to the technique of calibrated silicon particles but, while keeping the technique perfected in its patent 2 343 895, to find a material having an optimum compromise between the values of the coefficient of friction and of the seizure resistance while at the same time maintaining the other properties at a suitable level, was therefore hardly encouraged to incorporate ceramics having a high coefficient of friction in a material intended in particular for making engine liners. But, nevertheless wishing to benefit from certain advantages of these products, it sought to use them while trying, if not to eliminate the disadvantages, at least to attenuate them.

C'est ainsi que la demanderesse a trouvé que la solution résidait dans l'utilisation d'une céramique en poudre de granulométrie comprise entre 1 et 10 µm.Thus the Applicant has found that the solution lies in the use of a ceramic powder with a particle size between 1 and 10 μm.

L'invention consiste donc 4, introduire dans le mélange de poudres constituées par l'alliage d'aluminium et le lubrifiant solide, une céramique de granulométrie comprise entre 1 et 10 µm mais de préférence ne dépassant pas 7 pm. Ce choix particulier de granulométrie vient de la constatation surprenante faite par la demanderesse suivant laquelle lorsqu'on utilise une poudre de granulométrie décroissante dans la fourchette indiquée, certes le coefficient de frottement du matériau décroît comme on pouvait s'y attendre mais que à la différence de ce que nous avons dit plus haut, il n'y a pas dégradation corrélative de la résistance au grippage et tout au contraire amélioration de cette résistance.The invention therefore consists of 4, introducing into the mixture of powders constituted by the aluminum alloy and the solid lubricant, a ceramic with a particle size between 1 and 10 μm but preferably not exceeding 7 μm. This particular choice of particle size comes from the surprising observation made by the applicant according to which when using a powder of decreasing particle size in the range indicated, certainly the coefficient of friction of the material decreases as might be expected but that unlike from what we said above, there is no correlative degradation of the resistance to seizing and on the contrary improvement of this resistance.

Par contre, au-delà des limites de cette fourchette, on retrouve les variations attendues de propriétés, c'est-à-dire vers les granulométries croissantes au-delà de 10 µm une augmentation de la résistance au grippage et du coefficient de frottement et vers les granulométries décroissant au-dessous de 1 µm une diminution de ces propriétés.On the other hand, beyond the limits of this range, we find the expected variations in properties, that is to say towards increasing particle sizes beyond by 10 µm an increase in seizure resistance and the coefficient of friction and towards the particle sizes decreasing below 1 µm a decrease in these properties.

Cette granulométrie particulière peut être obtenue par tout moyen connu de pulvérisation et/ou broyage et tamisage de la céramique utilisée.This particular particle size can be obtained by any known means of spraying and / or grinding and sieving the ceramic used.

Cette céramique peut être notamment du corindon, du carbure de silicium, de la zircone et de la silice.This ceramic may in particular be corundum, silicon carbide, zirconia and silica.

La quantité de céramique ayant donné les meilleurs résultats se situe dans la fourchette de 5 à 25 % en poids par rapport au matériau final et de préférence entre 7 et 15 %. Au-delà de 25 %, on constate une dégradation des propriétés mécaniques à laquelle on pourrait remédier en faisant un traitement spécial de frittage sous charge en présence d'une phase liquide mais, on augmente alors sensiblement le prix du matériau ainsi fabriqué. En-dessous de 5 %, la céramique n'exerce pas d'effet suffisant.The amount of ceramic having given the best results is in the range of 5 to 25% by weight relative to the final material and preferably between 7 and 15%. Above 25%, there is a deterioration in the mechanical properties which could be remedied by making a special sintering treatment under load in the presence of a liquid phase, but the price of the material thus produced is then appreciably increased. Below 5%, the ceramic does not have a sufficient effect.

Les matériaux de l'invention peuvent également contenir un lubrifiant solide suivant une proportion inférieure à 10 % de la masse du matériau final, ces lubrifiants, étant par exemple, le bisulfure de molybdène, le graphite, le nitrure de bore.The materials of the invention may also contain a solid lubricant in a proportion of less than 10% of the mass of the final material, these lubricants being, for example, molybdenum disulphide, graphite, boron nitride.

L'alliage d'aluminium auquel on mélange le lubrifiant solide et la céramique, peut être tout alliage disponible sous forme de poudre préalliée ou prémélangée.The aluminum alloy with which the solid lubricant and the ceramic are mixed, may be any alloy available in the form of a pre-alloyed or premixed powder.

Les matériaux selon l'invention sont obtenus puis mis sous forme de chemise ou autre pièce destinée à être soumise à frottement de la façon suivante :

  • La poudre d'alliage d'aluminium obtenue par atomisation à l'air ou sous gaz inerte de granulométrie comprise entre 20 et 300 pm est mélangée avec le lubrifiant solide puis, on y ajoute la céramique de granulométrie comprise entre 1 et 10 µm que l'on disperse dans la masse d'alliage de façon la plus régulière possible avec tout moyen connu de brassage.
The materials according to the invention are obtained then put into the form of a shirt or other part intended to be subjected to friction in the following manner:
  • The aluminum alloy powder obtained by atomization in air or under inert gas with a particle size of between 20 and 300 μm is mixed with the solid lubricant and then the ceramic with a particle size of between 1 and 10 μm is added to it. 'is dispersed in the mass of alloy as regularly as possible with any known means of stirring.

Le mélange obtenu est alors comprimé à froid soit dans une presse uniaxiale, soit dans une presse isostatique, puis filé à chaud dans une presse à extruder sous forme de lopins ou de billettes que l'on usine aux cotes de la pièce souhaitée ou encore fritté à chaud à partir d'une ébauche possédant les cotes convenables. Suivant les caractéristiques désirées, les pièces ainsi obtenues sont soumises à des traitements thermiques tels que mise en solution, trempe et revenu.The mixture obtained is then cold pressed either in a uniaxial press or in an isostatic press, then hot spun in an extrusion press in the form of plots or billets which are machined to the dimensions of the desired part or else hot sintered from a blank having the appropriate dimensions. Depending on the desired characteristics, the parts thus obtained are subjected to heat treatments such as dissolution, quenching and tempering.

La présente invention peut être illustrée à l'aide des exemples d'application suivants :

  • A partir d'un produit formé de poudre d'alliage d'aluminium du type A-U4SG de granulométrie comprise entre 60 et 250 µm et de graphite de granulométrie comprise entre 20 et 100 pm utilisé à raison de 3 % en poids par rapport à l'alliage, on a réalisé huit mélanges différents en ajoutant à quatre d'entre eux 10 % de corindon de granulométrie moyenne respective 3-10-20-50 um et aux quatre autres 10 % de carbure de silicium ayant les 4 mêmes granulométries moyennes. Ces mélanges ont été soumis séparément d'abord à une compression à froid dans une presse uniaxiale sous une pression de 300 MPa pour obtenir des ébauches de dimensions φ 60 mm; ces ébauches ont été filées à 450°C pour donner des pièces que l'on a chauffées à 500°C pendant 2 heures puis trempées jusqu'à 20*C et enfin traitées à une température de revenu de 175*C pendant 8 heures.
The present invention can be illustrated with the aid of the following application examples:
  • From a product formed of aluminum alloy powder of the AU 4SG type with a particle size between 60 and 250 μm and graphite with a particle size between 20 and 100 pm used at a rate of 3% by weight relative to the 'alloy, eight different mixtures were made by adding to four of them 10% corundum of respective average particle size 3-10-20-50 µm and to the other four 10% of silicon carbide having the same 4 average particle sizes. These mixtures were first subjected to cold compression first in a uniaxial press under a pressure of 300 MPa to obtain blanks of dimensions φ 60 mm; these blanks were spun at 450 ° C to give the parts which have been heated at 500 ° C for 2 hours and then quenched to 20 ° C and finally treated at a tempering temperature of 175 ° C for 8 hours.

Les huit pièces ainsi obtenues ont alors été soumises à des essais de résistance au grippage d'une part et à des mesures du coefficient de frottement d'autre part.The eight parts thus obtained were then subjected to seizure resistance tests on the one hand and to measurements of the coefficient of friction on the other hand.

Les essais de grippage ont été réalisés au moyen d'un tribomètre alternatif PLINT basé sur le principe suivant : on fait frotter sur une face plane, horizontale et lubrifiée de la pièce soigneusement immobilisée, un segment métallique animé d'un mouvement rectiligne alternatif et on observe s'il y a grippage ou non.The seizure tests were carried out using an alternative PLINT tribometer based on the following principle: a metallic segment animated by an alternating rectilinear movement is rubbed on a flat, horizontal and lubricated face of the carefully immobilized part. observe whether there is binding or not.

Cet essai est répété 10 fois sur chacune des pièces de manière à assurer une bonne reproductibilité de la mesure. On en déduit un pourcentage de cas n'ayant pas donné lieu au grippage et c'est cette grandeur qui permet de quantifier la résistance au grippage. Quant à la détermination du coefficient de frottement, elle est obtenue au moyen du même tribomètre après lubrification de la pièce dans des conditions de lubrification limite et par mesure à l'aide d'un capteur de force piézoélectrique.This test is repeated 10 times on each of the parts so as to ensure good reproducibility of the measurement. A percentage of cases which have not given rise to seizure is deduced therefrom and it is this quantity which makes it possible to quantify the seizure resistance. As for the determination of the coefficient of friction, it is obtained by means of the same tribometer after lubrication of the part. under boundary lubrication conditions and by measurement using a piezoelectric force sensor.

Les résultats de ces essais figurent dans les deux tableaux suivants relatifs pour le premier aux pièces contenant du corindon et pour le deuxième à celles contenant du carbure de silicium.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 The results of these tests appear in the following two tables relating, for the first to parts containing corundum and for the second to those containing silicon carbide.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Ces résultats montrent que, contre toute attente, les céramiques de granulométrie 3 µm améliorent considérablement la résistance au grippage par rapport aux céramiques plus grossières. Il en est également de même pour les coefficients de frottement de sorte que la présente invention a pour effet une évolution dans un sens favorable de deux propriétés qui souvent évoluent dans des sens opposés tandis que par ailleurs d'autres propriétés telles que l'usinabilité, la résistance à l'usure de la pièce sont également améliorées tout en conduisant à une usure relativement faible de la pièce antagoniste.These results show that, contrary to all expectations, ceramics with a particle size of 3 μm considerably improve the seizure resistance compared to coarser ceramics. It is also the same for the coefficients of friction so that the present invention results in an evolution in a favorable direction of two properties which often evolve in opposite directions while in addition other properties such as the machinability and the wear resistance of the part are also improved while leading to relatively low wear of the opposing part.

La présente invention trouve son application dans la confection de pièces soumises à frottement, telles que des chemises de moteur en vue d'obtenir un compromis optimum entre les valeurs du coefficient de frottement et de la résistance au grippage et à l'usure.The present invention finds its application in the production of parts subject to friction, such as engine liners in order to obtain an optimum compromise between the values of the coefficient of friction and of the resistance to seizing and wear.

Claims (7)

1. Procédé d'obtention par la métallurgie des poudres d'un matériau à base d'alliage d'aluminium, d'un lubrifiant solide et d'au moins une céramique caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise une céramique en poudre de granulométrie comprise entre 1 et 10 µm.1. Method for obtaining, by powder metallurgy, a material based on aluminum alloy, a solid lubricant and at least one ceramic, characterized in that a powder-sized ceramic of particle size is used between 1 and 10 µm. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la granulométrie est de préférence comprise entre 1 et 7 µm.2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the particle size is preferably between 1 and 7 µm. 3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la céramique appartient au groupe constitué par le corindon, le carbure de silicium, le zircone et la silice.3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic belongs to the group consisting of corundum, silicon carbide, zirconia and silica. 4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la céramique est ajoutée suivant une proportion de 5 à 25 % en poids par rapport au matériau final.4. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the ceramic is added in a proportion of 5 to 25% by weight relative to the final material. 5. Procédé selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que la céramique est ajoutée de préférence suivant une proportion de 7 à 15 % en poids par rapport au matériau final.5. Method according to claim 4 characterized in that the ceramic is preferably added in a proportion of 7 to 15% by weight relative to the final material. 6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le lubrifiant solide appartient au groupe constitué par le bisulfure de molybdène, le graphite, le nitrure de bore.6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid lubricant belongs to the group consisting of molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride. 7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le lubrifiant solide représente moins de 10 % de la masse du matériau final.7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the solid lubricant represents less than 10% of the mass of the final material.
EP86420032A 1985-02-01 1986-01-30 Process for the powder-metallurgical preparation of an aluminium-based material containing at least one ceramic for the manufacture of articles subject to friction Expired EP0191707B1 (en)

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FR8501856 1985-02-01
FR8501856A FR2576913B1 (en) 1985-02-01 1985-02-01 PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A POWDER METALLURGY OF A MATERIAL BASED ON ALUMINUM ALLOY AND AT LEAST ONE CERAMIC FOR MAKING FRICTIONALLY SUBJECTED PARTS

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EP0213113A1 (en) * 1985-07-25 1987-03-04 Miba Sintermetall Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing sintered bodies from an aluminium sinter mixture
FR2607741A1 (en) * 1986-12-04 1988-06-10 Cegedur Process for obtaining composite materials, especially with an aluminium alloy matrix, by powder metallurgy
EP0363225A2 (en) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Valve spring retainer for valve operating mechanism for internal combustion engine
EP0367229A1 (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Heat-resistant, wear-resistant and high-strength Al-Si alloy, and cylinder liner employing same
EP0567284A2 (en) * 1992-04-21 1993-10-27 Inco Limited Aluminium-base metal matrix composite
EP0620286A1 (en) * 1993-03-18 1994-10-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Ceramic-particle-dispersed metallic member, manufacturing method of same and use of same
US6136106A (en) * 1995-09-01 2000-10-24 Erbsloh Aktiengesellschaft Process for manufacturing thin pipes

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US5384087A (en) * 1992-04-06 1995-01-24 Ametek, Specialty Metal Products Division Aluminum-silicon carbide composite and process for making the same
US5561829A (en) * 1993-07-22 1996-10-01 Aluminum Company Of America Method of producing structural metal matrix composite products from a blend of powders
US5722033A (en) * 1994-01-19 1998-02-24 Alyn Corporation Fabrication methods for metal matrix composites
US5669059A (en) * 1994-01-19 1997-09-16 Alyn Corporation Metal matrix compositions and method of manufacturing thereof
US5980602A (en) * 1994-01-19 1999-11-09 Alyn Corporation Metal matrix composite
AUPN273695A0 (en) * 1995-05-02 1995-05-25 University Of Queensland, The Aluminium alloy powder blends and sintered aluminium alloys
DE19532244C2 (en) * 1995-09-01 1998-07-02 Peak Werkstoff Gmbh Process for the production of thin-walled tubes (I)
FR2840969B1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2004-09-03 Snecma Moteurs DENSE SELF-LUBRICATING DRY MATERIAL; MECHANICAL PIECE IN SAID MATERIAL; PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SAID MATERIAL
US6837915B2 (en) * 2002-09-20 2005-01-04 Scm Metal Products, Inc. High density, metal-based materials having low coefficients of friction and wear rates
CN114045417A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-15 玉林师范学院 Lightweight aluminum alloy composite material, compressor roller and preparation method thereof

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US3885959A (en) * 1968-03-25 1975-05-27 Int Nickel Co Composite metal bodies
GB2112813A (en) * 1981-12-25 1983-07-27 Nissan Motor Wear-resistant aluminum base composite material suitable for casting and method of preparing same

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0213113A1 (en) * 1985-07-25 1987-03-04 Miba Sintermetall Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing sintered bodies from an aluminium sinter mixture
FR2607741A1 (en) * 1986-12-04 1988-06-10 Cegedur Process for obtaining composite materials, especially with an aluminium alloy matrix, by powder metallurgy
EP0363225A2 (en) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Valve spring retainer for valve operating mechanism for internal combustion engine
EP0363225B1 (en) * 1988-10-07 1994-06-08 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Valve spring retainer for valve operating mechanism for internal combustion engine
EP0367229A1 (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Heat-resistant, wear-resistant and high-strength Al-Si alloy, and cylinder liner employing same
US4959276A (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-09-25 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Heat-resistant, wear-resistant and high-strength Al-Si alloy, and cylinder liner employing same
EP0567284A2 (en) * 1992-04-21 1993-10-27 Inco Limited Aluminium-base metal matrix composite
EP0567284A3 (en) * 1992-04-21 1993-11-10 Inco Limited Aluminium-base metal matrix composite
EP0620286A1 (en) * 1993-03-18 1994-10-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Ceramic-particle-dispersed metallic member, manufacturing method of same and use of same
US5589652A (en) * 1993-03-18 1996-12-31 Hitachi, Ltd. Ceramic-particle-dispersed metallic member, manufacturing method of same and use of same
US6136106A (en) * 1995-09-01 2000-10-24 Erbsloh Aktiengesellschaft Process for manufacturing thin pipes

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US4661154A (en) 1987-04-28
DK43486D0 (en) 1986-01-29
IE860278L (en) 1986-08-01
DK43486A (en) 1986-08-02
PT81947B (en) 1988-02-17
FR2576913A1 (en) 1986-08-08
GR860255B (en) 1986-05-15
ES551511A0 (en) 1987-05-01
FR2576913B1 (en) 1987-02-27
DE3660816D1 (en) 1988-11-03
EP0191707B1 (en) 1988-09-28
PT81947A (en) 1986-02-01

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