EP0191707B1 - Process for the powder-metallurgical preparation of an aluminium-based material containing at least one ceramic for the manufacture of articles subject to friction - Google Patents
Process for the powder-metallurgical preparation of an aluminium-based material containing at least one ceramic for the manufacture of articles subject to friction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0191707B1 EP0191707B1 EP86420032A EP86420032A EP0191707B1 EP 0191707 B1 EP0191707 B1 EP 0191707B1 EP 86420032 A EP86420032 A EP 86420032A EP 86420032 A EP86420032 A EP 86420032A EP 0191707 B1 EP0191707 B1 EP 0191707B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- friction
- powder
- process according
- solid lubricant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 AI 2 0 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0089—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with other, not previously mentioned inorganic compounds as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. sulfides, glass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining, by powder metallurgy, a material based on aluminum alloy, a solid lubricant and at least one ceramic intended for making parts subjected to friction. , such as for example the liners of internal combustion engines.
- these alloys have the advantage, when they contain silicon in a hypereutective amount, of leading, during their manufacture by casting, to the formation of primary hard silicon crystals distributed in a softer aluminum matrix, which strengthens their resistance to wear and seizure.
- This technique is also favorable for the incorporation into the alloy of solid lubricating products such as graphite, tin or even hardening agents such as silicon carbide for example.
- the mechanical strength of such alloys can be increased by adding other addition elements such as copper, magnesium, etc.
- the particle size does not exceed 7 wm.
- This particular particle size can be obtained by any known means of spraying and / or grinding and sieving the ceramic used.
- This ceramic may in particular be corundum, silicon carbide, zirconia and silica.
- the amount of ceramic having given the best results is in the range of 5 to 25% by weight relative to the final material and preferably between 7 and 15%. Above 25%, there is a deterioration in the mechanical properties which can or could be remedied by carrying out a special sintering treatment under load in the presence of a liquid phase, but the price of the material thus produced is considerably increased. Below 5%, the ceramic does not have a sufficient effect.
- the materials of the invention also contain a solid lubricant such as, for example, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride.
- a solid lubricant such as, for example, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride.
- the aluminum alloy with which the solid lubricant and the ceramic are mixed may be any alloy available in the form of a pre-alloyed or premixed powder.
- the compression can be done either in a uniaxial press or in an isostatic press and the tablets obtained are either hot-spun in an extrusion press in the form of slabs or billets which are machined at the sides of the desired part or hot sintered from a blank with suitable dimensions.
- the parts thus obtained are subjected to heat treatments such as dissolution, quenching and tempering.
- seizure tests were carried out using an alternative PLINT tribometer based on the following principle: a metallic segment animated by an alternating rectilinear movement is rubbed on a horizontal and lubricated flat face of the piece. whether there is seizure or not.
- the present invention finds its application in the production of parts subject to friction, such as engine liners in order to obtain an optimum compromise between the values of the coefficient of friction and of the resistance to seizing and wear.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
La présente invention est relative à un procédé d'obtention par la métallurgie des poudres d'un matériau à base d'alliage d'aluminium, d'un lubrifiant solide et d'au moins une céramique destiné à la confection de pièces soumises à frottement, telles que par exemple les chemises de moteurs à combustion interne.The present invention relates to a process for obtaining, by powder metallurgy, a material based on aluminum alloy, a solid lubricant and at least one ceramic intended for making parts subjected to friction. , such as for example the liners of internal combustion engines.
L'homme de l'art sait que les pièces soumises à frottement doivent posséder un certain nombre de propriétés dont les principales sont :
- - un faible coefficient de dilatation et de frottement.
- - une résistance au grippage et à l'usure suffisante,
- - une bonne usinabilité.
- - un bon comportement vis-à-vis des pièces sur lesquelles elles frottent et dites « pièces antagonistes de façon à en limiter l'usure,
- - une bonne tenue mécanique notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de chemises de moteur.
- - a low coefficient of expansion and friction.
- - sufficient seizure and wear resistance,
- - good machinability.
- - good behavior vis-à-vis the parts on which they rub and say "opposing parts so as to limit wear,
- - good mechanical strength, particularly in the case of engine liners.
Malheureusement, dans ce domaine, la plupart des alliages classiques d'aluminium sont particulièrement désavantagés en raison de leur coefficient de dilatation relativement élevé, de leur forte tendance au grippage et à l'usure et leur coefficient de frottement élevé.Unfortunately, in this area, most conventional aluminum alloys are particularly disadvantaged because of their relatively high coefficient of expansion, their strong tendency to seize and wear and their high coefficient of friction.
C'est pourquoi, lorsqu'on a voulu appliquer ce métal à la confection de pièces soumises à frottement, on s'est orienté vers les alliages d'aluminium-silicium à cause de leur coefficient de dilatation plus faible que celui des autres alliages, ce qui est évidemment intéressant dans le cas de pièces se mouvant les unes par rapport aux autres avec un jeu faible et contrôlé et dont la température évolue en cours de fonctionnement.This is why, when we wanted to apply this metal to the production of parts subject to friction, we turned to aluminum-silicon alloys because of their lower coefficient of expansion than that of other alloys, which is obviously interesting in the case of parts moving with respect to each other with a small and controlled clearance and the temperature of which changes during operation.
De plus, ces alliages présentent l'avantage, lorsqu'ils contiennent du silicium en quantité hypereutec- tique, de conduire lors de leur fabrication par coulée à la formation de cristaux primaires de silicium durs distribués dans une matrice en aluminium plus tendre, ce qui renforce leur résistance à l'usure et au grippage.In addition, these alloys have the advantage, when they contain silicon in a hypereutective amount, of leading, during their manufacture by casting, to the formation of primary hard silicon crystals distributed in a softer aluminum matrix, which strengthens their resistance to wear and seizure.
Cependant, ces cristaux, lorsqu'ils se forment dans une masse d'alliage coulé, sont généralement grossiers et rendent difficile l'usinage des pièces ainsi obtenues. C'est pourquoi la demanderesse dans son brevet français 2 343 895 préconise de fabriquer ces alliages à partir de poudres obtenues par atomisation, par exemple, car ainsi, on peut, en raison des grandes vitesses de refroidissement atteintes lors de leur fabrication, former des cristaux de silicium d'une taille inférieure à 20 lim. Lorsque ces poudres sont mises en forme par filage ou par frittage, elles conduisent à la formation de pièces qui s'usinent plus facilement et présentent par ailleurs un coefficient de frottement amélioré.However, these crystals, when they are formed in a mass of cast alloy, are generally coarse and make it difficult to machine the parts thus obtained. This is why the applicant in its French patent 2,343,895 recommends manufacturing these alloys from powders obtained by atomization, for example, because thus, it is possible, because of the high cooling rates reached during their manufacture, to form silicon crystals of a size less than 20 lim. When these powders are shaped by spinning or sintering, they lead to the formation of parts which are machined more easily and also have an improved coefficient of friction.
Cette technique est également favorable à l'incorporation dans l'alliage de produits lubrifiants solides tels que le graphite, l'étain ou encore d'agents durcisseurs tels que le carbure de silicium par exemple.This technique is also favorable for the incorporation into the alloy of solid lubricating products such as graphite, tin or even hardening agents such as silicon carbide for example.
Par ailleurs, on peut augmenter la résistance mécanique de tels alliages en ajoutant d'autres éléments d'addition tels que le cuivre, le magnésium, etc...Furthermore, the mechanical strength of such alloys can be increased by adding other addition elements such as copper, magnesium, etc.
Par la suite, la demanderesse dans son brevet français 2 528 910 a proposé de nouveaux perfectionnements aux pièces obtenues avec de tels alliages par la métallurgie des poudres. Elle a en effet constaté que ces alliages d'aluminium-silicium atomisés contenaient une forte proportion de particules de silicium inférieures à 5 µm et que ces dernières, en raison de leur grande finesse, nuisaient à une bonne compatibilité entre les pièces en mouvement. Pour résoudre ce problème, elle a enseigné l'utilisation de mélanges de poudres d'aluminium et de grains de silicium soigneusement calibrés dans une fourchette de granulométrie comprise entre 20 et 50 µm.Subsequently, the applicant in its French patent 2,528,910 proposed new improvements to the parts obtained with such alloys by powder metallurgy. It has indeed found that these atomized aluminum-silicon alloys contain a high proportion of silicon particles of less than 5 μm and that the latter, because of their great fineness, adversely affect good compatibility between the moving parts. To solve this problem, she taught the use of mixtures of aluminum powders and silicon grains carefully calibrated in a range of particle size between 20 and 50 µm.
Plus récemment, on a vu apparaître, toujours fabriqués à partir de poudres d'alliages d'aluminium, de nouveaux matériaux composites dans lesquels sont incorporés des produits désignés sous le nom de « céramique - et qui regroupe notamment le corindon, le carbure de silicium et la zircone. De tels matériaux sont enseignés dans la demande de brevet japonais 59/38350 qui revendique un alliage d'aluminium fritté contenant 0,5 à 30 % de lubrifiant solide (plomb, graphite, sulfure de molybdène ou de tungstène, sulfate de cuivre, nitrure de bore) ; 0,2 à 20 % d'une phase dure (SiO2, AI203, Zr02, carbures et nitrures des mêmes éléments) ; 0,2-20 % d'éléments durcissants (cuivre, magnésium, silicium, étain. zinc) ; 0,2-20 % de Fe, Ni, Cr pour améliorer la résistance à l'usure.More recently, we have seen the appearance, still made from aluminum alloy powders, of new composite materials in which are incorporated products designated under the name of "ceramic - and which includes in particular corundum, silicon carbide and zirconia. Such materials are taught in Japanese patent application 59/38350 which claims a sintered aluminum alloy containing 0.5 to 30% of solid lubricant (lead, graphite, molybdenum or tungsten sulfide, copper sulfate, nitride of boron); 0.2 to 20% of a hard phase (SiO 2 , AI 2 0 3 , Zr0 2 , carbides and nitrides of the same elements); 0.2-20% of hardening elements (copper, magnesium, silicon, tin. Zinc); 0.2-20% Fe, Ni, Cr to improve wear resistance.
Il est connu que la présence d'une phase dure permet d'améliorer la résistance à l'usure et au grippage des matériaux soumis à frottement par rapport aux alliages hypersiliciés mais, elle entraîne corrélativement une mauvaise usinabilité et un coefficient de frottement très élevé conduisant à une usure rapide de la pièce antagoniste. C'est pourquoi d'ailleurs, de tels matériaux ont été réservés dans la demande de brevet japonaise à la confection de pièces telles que les mâchoires de freins, par exemple, et non à des chemises de moteur pour la confection desquelles ils sont tout à fait contre-indiqués.It is known that the presence of a hard phase makes it possible to improve the resistance to wear and seizure of materials subjected to friction compared to hypersilicon alloys but, it correlatively results in poor machinability and a very high coefficient of friction leading rapid wear of the opposing part. This is why, moreover, such materials have been reserved in the Japanese patent application for the manufacture of parts such as brake shoes, for example, and not to engine liners for the manufacture of which they are quite made contraindicated.
La demanderesse ayant pour but, sans recourir à la technique des particules de silicium calibrés mais, tout en gardant la technique mise au point dans son brevet 2343895. de trouver un matériau présentant un compromis optimum entre les valeurs du coefficient de frottement et la résistance au grippage tout en maintenant par ailleurs les autres propriétés à un niveau convenable, n'était donc guère encouragée à incorporer des céramiques ayant un coefficient de frottement élevé dans un matériau destiné notamment à la confection de chemises de moteurs. Mais, voulant néanmoins bénéficier de certains avantages de ces produits, elle a cherché à les utiliser en essayant sinon d'en supprimer les inconvénients, d'au moins de les atténuer. D'où le procédé selon son invention consistant à :
- - mélanger la poudre d'alliage d'aluminium obtenue par atomisation à l'air ou sous gaz inerte de granulométrie comprise entre 20 et 300 ¡.Lm avec une quantité lubrifiante solide représentant moins de 10% de la masse du matériau final,
- - ajouter la céramique de granulométrie comprise entre 1 et 10 µm suivant une proportion de 5 à 25 % en poids par rapport au matériau final et la disperser dans la masse d'alliage par brassage,
- - comprimer à froid dans une presse le mélange obtenu,
- - fritter ou filer à chaud le mélange comprimé,
- - éventuellement, soumettre le produit fritté ou filé à des traitements thermiques.
- - mix the aluminum alloy powder obtained by atomization in air or under inert gas with a particle size between 20 and 300 ¡.Lm with a solid lubricant amount representing less than 10% of the mass of the final material,
- add the ceramic with a particle size between 1 and 10 μm in a proportion of 5 to 25% by weight relative to the final material and disperse it in the mass of alloy by stirring,
- - cold compress in a press the mixture obtained,
- - hot sinter or spin the compressed mixture,
- - possibly, subject the sintered or spun product to heat treatments.
Le choix particulier de granulométrie de la céramique vient de la constatation surprenante faite par la demanderesse suivant laquelle lorsqu'on utilise une poudre de granulométrie décroissante dans la fourchette indiquée, certes le coefficient de frottement du matériau décroît comme on pouvait s'y attendre mais qu'à la différence de ce que nous avons dit plus haut, il n'y a pas dégradation corrélative de la résistance au grippage et tout au contraire amélioration de cette résistance.The particular choice of grain size of the ceramic comes from the surprising observation made by the Applicant that when using a powder of decreasing particle size in the range indicated, certainly the coefficient of friction of the material decreases as might be expected but that 'Unlike what we said above, there is no correlative degradation of the resistance to seizure and quite the contrary improvement of this resistance.
Par contre, au-delà des limites de cette fourchette, on retrouve les variations attendues de propriétés, c'est-à-dire vers les granulométries croissantes au-delà de 10 µm une augmentation de la résistance au grippage et du coefficient de frottement et vers les granulométries décroissant au-dessous de 1 µm une diminution de ces propriétés. De préférence, la granulométrie ne dépasse pas 7 wm.On the other hand, beyond the limits of this range, we find the expected variations in properties, that is to say towards increasing particle sizes beyond 10 μm an increase in the seizure resistance and the coefficient of friction and towards the particle sizes decreasing below 1 μm a decrease in these properties. Preferably, the particle size does not exceed 7 wm.
Cette granulométrie particulière peut être obtenue par tout moyen connu de pulvérisation et/ou broyage et tamisage de la céramique utilisée.This particular particle size can be obtained by any known means of spraying and / or grinding and sieving the ceramic used.
Cette céramique peut être notamment du corindon, du carbure de silicium, de la zircone et de la silice.This ceramic may in particular be corundum, silicon carbide, zirconia and silica.
La quantité de céramique ayant donné les meilleurs résultats se situe dans la fourchette de 5 à 25 % en poids par rapport au matériau final et de préférence entre 7 et 15 %. Au-delà de 25 %, on constate une dégradation des propriétés mécaniques à laquelle ou pourrait remédier en faisant un traitement spécial de frittage sous charge en présence d'une phase liquide mais, on augmente alors sensiblement le prix du matériau ainsi fabriqué. En dessous de 5 %, la céramique n'exerce pas d'effet suffisant.The amount of ceramic having given the best results is in the range of 5 to 25% by weight relative to the final material and preferably between 7 and 15%. Above 25%, there is a deterioration in the mechanical properties which can or could be remedied by carrying out a special sintering treatment under load in the presence of a liquid phase, but the price of the material thus produced is considerably increased. Below 5%, the ceramic does not have a sufficient effect.
Les,matériaux de l'invention contiennent également un lubrifiant solide tel que par exemple, le bisulfure de molybdène, le graphite, le nitrure de bore.The materials of the invention also contain a solid lubricant such as, for example, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride.
L'alliage d'aluminium auquel on mélange le lubrifiant solide et la céramique, peut être tout alliage disponible sous forme de poudre préalliée ou prémélangée.The aluminum alloy with which the solid lubricant and the ceramic are mixed, may be any alloy available in the form of a pre-alloyed or premixed powder.
La compression peut être faite soit dans une presse uniaxiale, soit dans une presse isostatique et les comprimés obtenus sont soit filés à chaud dans une presse à extruder sous forme de lopins ou de billettes que l'on usine aux cotes de la pièce souhaitée ou encore frittés à chaud à partir d'une ébauche possédant les cotes convenables. Suivant les caractéristiques désirées, les pièces ainsi obtenues sont soumises à des traitements thermiques tels que mise en solution, trempe et revenu.The compression can be done either in a uniaxial press or in an isostatic press and the tablets obtained are either hot-spun in an extrusion press in the form of slabs or billets which are machined at the sides of the desired part or hot sintered from a blank with suitable dimensions. Depending on the desired characteristics, the parts thus obtained are subjected to heat treatments such as dissolution, quenching and tempering.
La présente invention peut être illustrée à l'aide des exemples d'application suivants :The present invention can be illustrated with the aid of the following application examples:
A partir d'un produit formé de poudre d'alliage d'aluminium du type A-U4SG de granulométrie comprise entre 60 et 250 µm et de graphite de granulométrie comprise entre 20 et 100 µm utilisé à raison de 3 % en poids par rapport à l'alliage, on a réalisé huit mélanges différents en ajoutant à quatre d'entre eux 10 % de corindon de granulométrie moyenne respective 3-10-20-50 µm et aux quatre autres 10 % de carbure de silicium ayant les 4 mêmes granulométries moyennes. Ces mélanges ont été soumis séparément d'abord à une compression à froid dans une presse uniaxiale sous une pression de 300 MPa pour obtenir des ébauches de dimensions Ø 60 mm ; ces ébauches ont été filées à 450 °C pour donner des pièces que l'on a chauffées à 500 °C pendant 2 heures puis trempées jusqu'à 20 °C et enfin traitées à une température de revenu de 175 °C pendant 8 heures.From a product formed of aluminum alloy powder of the AU 4 SG type with a particle size between 60 and 250 μm and graphite with a particle size between 20 and 100 μm used at a rate of 3% by weight relative to the alloy, eight different mixtures were made by adding to four of them 10% corundum of respective average particle size 3-10-20-50 µm and to the other four 10% of silicon carbide having the same 4 average particle sizes . These mixtures were first subjected separately to cold compression in a uniaxial press under a pressure of 300 MPa to obtain blanks of dimensions Ø 60 mm; these blanks were spun at 450 ° C to give parts which were heated at 500 ° C for 2 hours then quenched to 20 ° C and finally treated at a tempering temperature of 175 ° C for 8 hours.
Les huit pièces ainsi obtenues ont alors été soumises à des essais de résistance au grippage et à des mesures du coefficient de frottement d'autre part.The eight parts thus obtained were then subjected to seizure resistance tests and to measurements of the coefficient of friction on the other hand.
Les essais de grippage ont été réalisés au moyen d'un tribomètre alternatif PLINT basé sur le principe suivant : on fait frotter sur une face plane horizontale et lubrifiée de la pièce soigneusement immobilisée, un segment métallique animé d'un mouvement rectiligne alternatif et on observe s'il y a grippage ou non.The seizure tests were carried out using an alternative PLINT tribometer based on the following principle: a metallic segment animated by an alternating rectilinear movement is rubbed on a horizontal and lubricated flat face of the piece. whether there is seizure or not.
Cet essai est répété 10 fois sur chacune des pièces de manière à assurer une bonne reproductibilité de la mesure. On en déduit un pourcentage de cas n'ayant pas donné lieu au grippage et c'est cette grandeur qui permet de quantifier la résistance au grippage. Quant à la détermination du coefficient de frottement, elle est obtenue au moyen du même tribomètre après lubrification de la pièce dans des conditions de lubrification limite et par mesure à l'aide d'un capteur de force piézoélectrique.This test is repeated 10 times on each of the parts so as to ensure good reproducibility of the measurement. A percentage of cases which have not given rise to seizure is deduced therefrom and it is this quantity which makes it possible to quantify the seizure resistance. As for the determination of the coefficient of friction, it is obtained by means of the same tribometer after lubrication of the part under boundary lubrication conditions and by measurement using a piezoelectric force sensor.
Les résultats de ces essais figurent dans les deux tableaux suivants relatifs pour le premier aux pièces contenant du corindon et pour le deuxième à celles contenant du carbure de silicium.
Ces résultats montrent que, contre toute attente, les céramiques de granulométrie 3 µm améliorent considérablement la résistance au grippage par rapport aux céramiques plus grossières. Il en est également de même pour les coefficients de frottement de sorte que la présente invention a pour effet une évolution dans un sens favorable de deux propriétés qui souvent évoluent dans des sens opposés tandis que par ailleurs d'autres propriétés telles que l'usinabilité, la résistance à l'usure de la pièce sont également améliorées tout en conduisant à une usure relativement faible de la pièce antagoniste.These results show that, contrary to all expectations, ceramics with a particle size of 3 μm considerably improve the seizure resistance compared to coarser ceramics. It is also the same for the coefficients of friction so that the present invention results in an evolution in a favorable direction of two properties which often evolve in opposite directions while in addition other properties such as machinability, the wear resistance of the part are also improved while leading to relatively low wear of the opposing part.
La présente invention trouve son application dans la confection de pièces soumises à frottement, telles que des chemises de moteur en vue d'obtenir un compromis optimum entre les valeurs du coefficient de frottement et de la résistance au grippage et à l'usure.The present invention finds its application in the production of parts subject to friction, such as engine liners in order to obtain an optimum compromise between the values of the coefficient of friction and of the resistance to seizing and wear.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8501856 | 1985-02-01 | ||
| FR8501856A FR2576913B1 (en) | 1985-02-01 | 1985-02-01 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A POWDER METALLURGY OF A MATERIAL BASED ON ALUMINUM ALLOY AND AT LEAST ONE CERAMIC FOR MAKING FRICTIONALLY SUBJECTED PARTS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0191707A1 EP0191707A1 (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| EP0191707B1 true EP0191707B1 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
Family
ID=9316104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86420032A Expired EP0191707B1 (en) | 1985-02-01 | 1986-01-30 | Process for the powder-metallurgical preparation of an aluminium-based material containing at least one ceramic for the manufacture of articles subject to friction |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4661154A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0191707B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3660816D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK43486A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8705527A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2576913B1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR860255B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE860278L (en) |
| PT (1) | PT81947B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6030577A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 2000-02-29 | Erbsloh Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacturing thin pipes |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0213113B1 (en) * | 1985-07-25 | 1990-12-12 | Miba Sintermetall Aktiengesellschaft | Method of producing sintered bodies from an aluminium sinter mixture |
| FR2607741B1 (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1990-01-05 | Cegedur | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING COMPOSITE MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY WITH AN ALUMINUM ALLOY MATRIX, BY POWDER METALLURGY |
| JP2987704B2 (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1999-12-06 | 財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Brake disc material for high-speed railway vehicles |
| US4989556A (en) * | 1988-10-07 | 1991-02-05 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Valve spring retainer for valve operating mechanism for internal combustion engine |
| JPH0621309B2 (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1994-03-23 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Heat resistance, wear resistance, and high toughness Al-Si alloy and cylinder-liner using the same |
| US5384087A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1995-01-24 | Ametek, Specialty Metal Products Division | Aluminum-silicon carbide composite and process for making the same |
| CA2094369C (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 2001-04-10 | Pradeep Kumar Rohatgi | Aluminum-base metal matrix composite |
| JP2914076B2 (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1999-06-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Ceramic particle-dispersed metal member, its manufacturing method and its use |
| US5561829A (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1996-10-01 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method of producing structural metal matrix composite products from a blend of powders |
| US5722033A (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1998-02-24 | Alyn Corporation | Fabrication methods for metal matrix composites |
| US5669059A (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1997-09-16 | Alyn Corporation | Metal matrix compositions and method of manufacturing thereof |
| US5980602A (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1999-11-09 | Alyn Corporation | Metal matrix composite |
| AUPN273695A0 (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1995-05-25 | University Of Queensland, The | Aluminium alloy powder blends and sintered aluminium alloys |
| DE19532252C2 (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1999-12-02 | Erbsloeh Ag | Method of manufacturing bushings |
| FR2840969B1 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-09-03 | Snecma Moteurs | DENSE SELF-LUBRICATING DRY MATERIAL; MECHANICAL PIECE IN SAID MATERIAL; PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SAID MATERIAL |
| US6837915B2 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2005-01-04 | Scm Metal Products, Inc. | High density, metal-based materials having low coefficients of friction and wear rates |
| CN114045417A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-15 | 玉林师范学院 | Lightweight aluminum alloy composite material, compressor roller and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1296805B (en) * | 1965-05-25 | 1969-06-04 | Schneider Reinhard | Process for the powder metallurgical production of molded bodies with self-lubricating properties |
| US3885959A (en) * | 1968-03-25 | 1975-05-27 | Int Nickel Co | Composite metal bodies |
| FR2343895A1 (en) * | 1976-03-10 | 1977-10-07 | Pechiney Aluminium | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW BODIES IN SILICON ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY SHELL SPINNING |
| US4297136A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1981-10-27 | The International Nickel Co., Inc. | High strength aluminum alloy and process |
| US4315777A (en) * | 1979-08-07 | 1982-02-16 | Scm Corporation | Metal mass adapted for internal oxidation to generate dispersion strengthening |
| US4463058A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1984-07-31 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Silicon carbide whisker composites |
| JPS58110652A (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1983-07-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Wear resistant composite aluminum material and its manufacture |
| US4557893A (en) * | 1983-06-24 | 1985-12-10 | Inco Selective Surfaces, Inc. | Process for producing composite material by milling the metal to 50% saturation hardness then co-milling with the hard phase |
| US4579587A (en) * | 1983-08-15 | 1986-04-01 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method for producing high strength metal-ceramic composition |
-
1985
- 1985-02-01 FR FR8501856A patent/FR2576913B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-01-27 US US06/822,523 patent/US4661154A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-01-28 GR GR860100255A patent/GR860255B/el unknown
- 1986-01-29 DK DK43486A patent/DK43486A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-01-30 EP EP86420032A patent/EP0191707B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-30 PT PT81947A patent/PT81947B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-30 DE DE8686420032T patent/DE3660816D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-31 ES ES551511A patent/ES8705527A1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-31 IE IE860278A patent/IE860278L/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6030577A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 2000-02-29 | Erbsloh Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacturing thin pipes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES8705527A1 (en) | 1987-05-01 |
| US4661154A (en) | 1987-04-28 |
| DK43486D0 (en) | 1986-01-29 |
| IE860278L (en) | 1986-08-01 |
| DK43486A (en) | 1986-08-02 |
| PT81947B (en) | 1988-02-17 |
| FR2576913A1 (en) | 1986-08-08 |
| GR860255B (en) | 1986-05-15 |
| ES551511A0 (en) | 1987-05-01 |
| EP0191707A1 (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| FR2576913B1 (en) | 1987-02-27 |
| DE3660816D1 (en) | 1988-11-03 |
| PT81947A (en) | 1986-02-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0191707B1 (en) | Process for the powder-metallurgical preparation of an aluminium-based material containing at least one ceramic for the manufacture of articles subject to friction | |
| FR2573777A1 (en) | HEAT-RESISTANT HEAT-RESISTANT ALUMINUM ALLOY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CARRIER COMPONENT THEREOF | |
| CA1187313A (en) | Alloyed aluminum and intermetallic compound based engine sleeves, and their manufacture | |
| EP0112848B1 (en) | Motor cylinder sleeves based on aluminum alloys and calibrated silicon grains and methods for obtaining them | |
| EP0533950B1 (en) | Rotor made of aluminum alloy for oil pump and method of manufacturing said rotor | |
| EP0561204A2 (en) | Heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder, heat-resistant aluminum alloy and heat- and wear-resistant aluminum alloy-based composite material | |
| JPH11172465A (en) | Wear resistant coating member | |
| EP1362654B1 (en) | Process for producing sintered aluminium alloy | |
| EP1690953B1 (en) | Heat-resistant and highly tough aluminum alloy and method for production thereof and engine parts | |
| JPH0420977B2 (en) | ||
| EP0019569B1 (en) | Hollow composite article and process for the manufacture thereof | |
| EP1709209B1 (en) | Light metal alloy sintering method | |
| JPH0261023A (en) | Heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy material and its manufacture | |
| JPH0261021A (en) | Heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy material and its manufacture | |
| JPS5959855A (en) | High strength powder moldings of aluminum alloy having excellent lubricity resistance to heat and wear and its production | |
| JPH06192780A (en) | High heat and wear resistance aluminum alloy and powder thereof | |
| JP3104309B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of hot forged member made of Al-Si alloy with excellent toughness | |
| FR2528910A1 (en) | Ic engine cylinder liner - of sintered aluminium-silicon eutectic and controlled size silicon grains | |
| JPH0121856B2 (en) | ||
| JPH10324940A (en) | Wear resistant aluminum ally, and production of sliding member using the same | |
| JP2584488B2 (en) | Processing method of wear resistant aluminum alloy | |
| JPS6254391B2 (en) | ||
| JPS60208444A (en) | Slant plate type compressor | |
| JPS6256551A (en) | Al alloy material having low coefficient of linear expansion | |
| JPS5959856A (en) | High strength powder moldings of aluminum alloy having excellent lubricity, resistance to heat and wear and its production |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE CH DE GB IT LI LU NL |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19860916 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19871012 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE CH DE GB IT LI LU NL |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3660816 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19881103 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19910128 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19910131 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19911216 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19911218 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19911219 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19920108 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19920131 |
|
| EPTA | Lu: last paid annual fee | ||
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: CEGEDUR SOC. DE TRANSFORMATION DE L'ALUMINIUM PEC Effective date: 19920131 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19920801 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19930130 Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19930130 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19930131 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19930131 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930130 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19931001 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050130 |